CN107673739B - 一种复合耐磨材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合耐磨材料及其制备方法,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉40‑60份、片状刚玉10‑15份、碳化硅8‑12份、石英砂5‑12份、碳化钛3‑8份、粉煤灰漂珠15‑20份、羧甲基纤维素9‑12份,润湿分散剂1‑3份、增韧剂5‑12份,无机原料加入润湿分散剂研磨后,进行稀盐酸活化处理,然后和羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,热压烧结,最终制得的复合耐磨材料成本低廉,微孔均匀可控,组织均匀,强度、硬度高、耐磨性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域,尤其是涉及一种复合耐磨材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
在矿山、电力、电子、建筑、机械加工等领域通常需要用到硬度、强度高,耐磨、耐腐蚀性好的材料,陶瓷材料具有比强度高、耐高温、耐磨损、耐腐蚀等优越性能,但具有较高脆性,限制了其使用范围。复合耐磨材料是以陶瓷材料为基体,高强度、高弹性的纤维为辅料复合而成的一类新材料,具有较好的抗冲击性、高强度、高韧性、优异的化学稳定性,特别适宜用在经常磨损的机械零部件上。
中国专利公告号CN 102173651 B提供的多功能耐磨材料,主要针对一些含有固体颗粒的物料输送及处理时易磨损的设备和部件设计的耐磨材料,具有良好的耐磨、耐腐、粘接、抗冲击性能。采用的成分主要有耐蚀树脂、片状刚玉、碳化硅晶粒、增韧剂和助剂,耐蚀树脂是碳化硅、二氧化硅和环氧树脂按常规工艺制备,片状刚玉是经过烧结、淬火、回火二次处理所得的产品,助剂是硅微粉和石英砂按照一定的配比制成的混合物。本发明制备的多功能耐磨材料配方简单,具有良好的耐磨、耐腐、粘接和抗冲击性能,该多功能耐磨材料采用刚玉为主要原料,成本较高。
中国专利公开号CN 107034409 A提供的一种复合耐磨材料及其制备工艺,应用于涂层或硬面堆焊场合,以防止下面的材料受到摩擦或者冲击磨损或者类似可能带来的机械作用。采用片状刚玉、碳化硅晶粒、碳化硅、硼砂、硅酸锆、氮化铝、氮化钛、硅微粉、纳米氧化钛混合后加入研磨机研磨,然后将废钢进行熔融后加入混合物中浇铸,经淬火、加热升温、再淬火得到固体,之后加入增韧剂和乳化剂再次进行粉碎、研磨、真空烧结得到复合耐磨材料。本发明制备的复合耐磨材料具有较好的抗折强度和耐磨性,但是采用浇铸法制备会产生无法控制的气孔和缩孔缺陷,导致组织结构不均匀,材料强度一致性不好。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种复合耐磨材料,采用铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂研磨后,进行稀盐酸活化处理,然后和羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,热压烧结,最终制得的复合耐磨材料成本低廉,微孔均匀可控,组织均匀,强度、硬度高、耐磨性好。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种复合耐磨材料,其特征在于:由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉40-60份、片状刚玉10-15份、碳化硅8-12份、石英砂5-12份、碳化钛3-8份、粉煤灰漂珠15-20份、羧甲基纤维素9-12份,润湿分散剂1-3份、增韧剂5-12份。
进一步的,所述润湿分散剂为六偏磷酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠或聚乙二醇中的一种。
进一步的,所述增韧剂为涤纶短纤或者SiC晶须。
进一步的,所述涤纶短纤的长度为20-40mm。
进一步的,所述复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨1-4h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为40-100um;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量的稀盐酸,加热煮沸0.5-1h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为160-200℃,压力为25-30MPa,模温为40-60℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,温度为1800-2400℃,烧结时间1-2h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
进一步的,所述稀盐酸的浓度为10%-25%。
进一步的,所述高温炉可以在烧结前通入氮气排挤炉内空气。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明公开的一种复合耐磨材料,采用铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂进行研磨后,进行稀盐酸活化处理,然后和羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,热压烧结,最终制得的耐磨材料成本低廉,通过控制粉煤灰漂珠的加入量来控制微孔数量,组织均匀,强度、韧性高、耐磨性好。
2、其中铸石粉是以生产铸石的原料辉绿岩为主要原料,材料来源广泛,主要成分是二氧化硅和氧化铝,并含有少量如氧化铁、氧化钙、二氧化钛等高硬度氧化物,晶粒细微、致密,具有优异的耐酸碱性能和高强硬性;片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂是工业应用非常广泛的超硬材料,加入铸石粉中,产生协同作用,提高耐磨材料的机械强度,碳化钛是典型的过渡金属碳化物,它的键型是由离子键、共价键和金属键混合在同一晶体结构中,因此晶体的结构决定了碳化钛具有高硬度、高熔点、耐磨损等优异特征;
3、粉煤灰漂珠是指粉煤灰中密度较小的空心玻璃微珠,填充于坯料中降低坯料的重量,且具有优良的散热效果,耐热性较好,适宜应用在各种经常摩擦磨损的机械设备零部件中,主要化学成分为硅、铝的氧化物,粒径为几十微米,在坯料中分散性好,成孔均匀度高,可控性强,强度和耐磨性好,具有优良的经久耐用性、耐腐蚀性和抗化学性能,成本低,能够降低收缩变形,适合应用在恶劣的油污环境或接触酸碱腐蚀的设备中,提高材料的使用寿命。
4、研磨过程中加入的润湿分散剂,改善了研磨颗粒之间的分散性能,使得颗粒之间的研磨更充分,粒径不同的颗粒都能参与研磨过程,能够提高坯料压制成型的致密性。羧甲基纤维素的来源广泛,在压制成型过程中可以改善各组分之间的粘结性和坯料的可塑性。SiC晶须主要依靠晶须的拔出桥接与裂纹转向机制对复合耐磨材料进行增韧增强,涤纶短纤采用废弃的饮料瓶切片后经过前纺和后纺即可制备,具有较好的弹性和韧性,改善了复合耐磨材料的脆性,提高了抗冲击性能。
5、制备步骤(2)中采用稀盐酸对混合物进行酸洗,目的是除去颗粒表面的油污和氧化物,活化颗粒表层原子层,有利于热压烧结过程中不同组分颗粒原子之间的键合,提高复合耐磨材料的致密度。高温炉加热前通入惰性气体氮气,保证炉内坯料不被氧化。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
一种复合耐磨材料,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉60份、片状刚玉10份、碳化硅8份、石英砂12份、碳化钛3份、粉煤灰漂珠20份、润湿分散剂为六偏磷酸钠3份、羧甲基纤维素9份、增韧剂为20mm涤纶短纤12份。
复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨4h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为40um;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量浓度为10%的稀盐酸,加热煮沸0.5h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为160℃,压力为30MPa,模温为40℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,烧结前高温炉内通入氮气排挤炉内空气,烧结温度为2400℃,时间1h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例2
一种复合耐磨材料,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉55份、片状刚玉11份、碳化硅9份、石英砂11份、碳化钛4份、粉煤灰漂珠19份、润湿分散剂为烷基苯磺酸钠3份、羧甲基纤维素10份、增韧剂SiC晶须5份。
复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨3h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为60um;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量浓度为15%的稀盐酸,加热煮沸0.6h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为170℃,压力为29MPa,模温为50℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,烧结前高温炉内通入氮气排挤炉内空气,烧结温度为2300℃,时间2h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例3
一种复合耐磨材料,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉50份、片状刚玉12份、碳化硅10份、石英砂10份、碳化钛5份、粉煤灰漂珠18份、润湿分散剂为聚乙二醇3份、羧甲基纤维素11份、增韧剂为30mm涤纶短纤9份。
复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨2h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为80um;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量浓度为20%的稀盐酸,加热煮沸0.7h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为180℃,压力为28MPa,模温为60℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,烧结前高温炉内通入氮气排挤炉内空气,烧结温度为2200℃,时间1h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例4
一种复合耐磨材料,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉45份、片状刚玉13份、碳化硅11份、石英砂9份、碳化钛6份、粉煤灰漂珠17份、润湿分散剂为六偏磷酸钠1份、羧甲基纤维素12份、增韧剂为SiC晶须7份。
复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨1h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为100um;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量浓度为25%的稀盐酸,加热煮沸0.8h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为190℃,压力为27MPa,模温为50℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,烧结前高温炉内通入氮气排挤炉内空气,烧结温度为2100℃,时间2h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例5
一种复合耐磨材料,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉40份、片状刚玉14份、碳化硅12份、石英砂8份、碳化钛7份、粉煤灰漂珠16份、润湿分散剂为烷基苯磺酸钠1份、羧甲基纤维素11份、增韧剂为40mm涤纶短纤7份。
复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨4h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为60um;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量浓度为10%的稀盐酸,加热煮沸0.9h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为200℃,压力为26MPa,模温为40℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,烧结前高温炉内通入氮气排挤炉内空气,烧结温度为2000℃,时间1h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例6
一种复合耐磨材料,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉50份、片状刚玉15份、碳化硅11份、石英砂7份、碳化钛8份、粉煤灰漂珠15份、润湿分散剂为聚乙二醇1份、羧甲基纤维素10份、增韧剂为SiC晶须9份。
复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨3h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为50um;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量浓度为15%的稀盐酸,加热煮沸1h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为200℃,压力为25MPa,模温为60℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,烧结前高温炉内通入氮气排挤炉内空气,烧结温度为1900℃,时间2h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例7
一种复合耐磨材料,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉55份、片状刚玉12份、碳化硅10份、石英砂6份、碳化钛5份、粉煤灰漂珠17份、润湿分散剂为六偏磷酸钠2份、羧甲基纤维素12份、增韧剂为30mm涤纶短纤5份。
复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨2h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为70um;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量浓度为20%的稀盐酸,加热煮沸0.8h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为180℃,压力为28MPa,模温为50℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,烧结前高温炉内通入氮气排挤炉内空气,烧结温度为1800℃,时间1h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例8
一种复合耐磨材料,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉45份、片状刚玉10份、碳化硅9份、石英砂5份、碳化钛3份、粉煤灰漂珠19份、润湿分散剂为烷基苯磺酸钠2份、羧甲基纤维素10份、增韧剂为SiC晶须12份。
复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨1h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为100um;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量浓度为25%的稀盐酸,加热煮沸0.5h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为160℃,压力为30MPa,模温为40℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,烧结前高温炉内通入氮气排挤炉内空气,烧结温度为2200℃,时间2h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例8基本相同,不同之处在于:原料组分中不加入羧甲基纤维素,具体如下:
一种复合耐磨材料,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉45份、片状刚玉10份、碳化硅9份、石英砂5份、碳化钛3份、粉煤灰漂珠19份、润湿分散剂为烷基苯磺酸钠2份、增韧剂为SiC晶须12份。
复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨1h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为100um;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量浓度为25%的稀盐酸,加热煮沸0.5h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为160℃,压力为30MPa,模温为40℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,烧结前高温炉内通入氮气排挤炉内空气,烧结温度为2200℃,时间2h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例8基本相同,不同之处在于:制备步骤中省略步骤(2),具体如下:
一种复合耐磨材料,由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉45份、片状刚玉10份、碳化硅9份、石英砂5份、碳化钛3份、粉煤灰漂珠19份、润湿分散剂为烷基苯磺酸钠2份、羧甲基纤维素10份、增韧剂为SiC晶须12份。
复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨1h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为100um;
(2)将混合物A的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为160℃,压力为30MPa,模温为40℃,得到坯料B;
(3)将坯料B放入高温炉中煅烧,烧结前高温炉内通入氮气排挤炉内空气,烧结温度为2200℃,时间2h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
性能检测
拉伸强度:按照ISO527测试,速度为50mm/min;
显微硬度:采用AKASHI显微维氏硬度计;
耐磨性:采用MSH型冲蚀磨损试验机进行测试,以对比例1为标准进行比较;
本发明实施例1-8和对比实施例1-2复合耐磨材料的机械性能如下:
表1 本发明实施例1-8和对比例1-2制备的复合耐磨材料机械性能
拉伸强度/MPa | 显微硬度/kN.mm<sup>-2</sup> | 耐磨性 | |
实施例1 | 35.6 | 11.5 | 1.47 |
实施例2 | 37.8 | 11.6 | 1.54 |
实施例3 | 33.9 | 11.0 | 1.52 |
实施例4 | 39.5 | 11.8 | 1.62 |
实施例5 | 32.7 | 10.8 | 1.38 |
实施例6 | 30.4 | 10.4 | 1.16 |
实施例7 | 31.2 | 10.5 | 1.24 |
实施例8 | 33.5 | 11.3 | 1.41 |
对比例1 | 29.7 | 10.2 | 1 |
对比例2 | 28.4 | 10.2 | 0.98 |
从表1可以看出,相比于对比例,本发明实施例1-8制备的复合耐磨材料硬度高,显微维氏硬度≥10.4 kN.mm-2,拉伸强度好,拉伸强度≥30.4MPa,耐磨性佳,耐磨性≥1.16。
对比例1是在实施例8的基础上减少了一种原料羧甲基纤维素,对比例2省略了制备步骤(2),研磨后的混合物没有进行稀盐酸活化处理,对比例1和对比例2的力学性能比实施例8要差,说明各种原料的搭配和活化处理工艺增强了材料的机械性能。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (4)
1.一种复合耐磨材料,其特征在于:由以下重量份数的原料制备:铸石粉40-60份、片状刚玉10-15份、碳化硅8-12份、石英砂5-12份、碳化钛3-8份、粉煤灰漂珠15-20份、羧甲基纤维素9-12份,润湿分散剂1-3份、增韧剂5-12份,所述增韧剂为涤纶短纤或者SiC晶须,所述复合耐磨材料由以下步骤制备:
(1)将铸石粉、片状刚玉、碳化硅、石英砂、碳化钛、粉煤灰漂珠、润湿分散剂投入研磨机中研磨1-4h,得到混合物A的平均粒径为40-100μm;
(2)在混合物A中加入2倍重量的稀盐酸,所述稀盐酸的浓度为10%-25%,加热煮沸0.5-1h,蒸馏水冲洗至中性,干燥后的混合物为B;
(3)将混合物B的粉料加入羧甲基纤维素、增韧剂搅拌均匀后压制成型,其中温度为160-200℃,压力为25-30MPa,模温为40-60℃,得到坯料C;
(4)将坯料C放入高温炉中煅烧,温度为1800-2400℃,烧结时间1-2h,煅烧后随炉冷却至室温即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合耐磨材料,其特征在于:所述润湿分散剂为六偏磷酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠或聚乙二醇中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合耐磨材料,其特征在于:所述涤纶短纤的长度为20-40mm。
4.根据权利 要求1所述的一种复合耐磨材料,其特征在于:所述高温炉在烧结前通入氮气排挤炉内空气。
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