CN107648516B - 一种治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药,包括以下重量计的原料药物:白花蛇舌草50‑70g、生甘草20‑40g、半边莲10‑20g、半枝莲10‑20g、苍术10‑20g、黄柏10‑20g、薏苡仁20‑40g、萹蓄10‑30g、怀牛膝20‑40g。本发明中药稳定可靠,治疗效果好,不良反应小,无毒副作用,在治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎上,能明显降低复发率,改善尿道刺痒、尿道灼痛、尿道脓性分泌物等症状,为湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎提供了良好的治疗条件,有效率达到94.0%,是中医药学上的一大创造,有实际的临床意义,是治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎药物上的一大创新,有良好的社会和经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药及其制备方法,属于中药领域。
背景技术
慢性非淋菌性尿道炎是指由淋菌以外的其他病原体,主要是沙眼衣原体和解脲支原体等引起的一种性传播疾病。在临床上有尿道炎的表现,但在分泌物中查不到淋球菌,细菌培养也无淋球菌生长。
本病好发于青年,25岁以下约占60%。男女均可发生。女性患者常合并子宫颈炎等生殖道炎症。有25%-55%的慢性非淋菌性尿道炎是由沙眼衣原体感染引起的,20%-40%的病例由解脲支原体感染引起,此外还可由其它病原体感染引起,如阴道滴虫、白色念珠菌、单纯疱疹病毒、阴道嗜血杆菌、包皮杆菌以及其他许多需氧及厌氧菌。本病可与淋菌性尿道炎同时发生或交叉感染,有报道约60%-70%的淋病患者在泌尿生殖道内可查出衣原体。本病目前在欧美国家已超过淋病而跃居性传播疾病的首位,在我国位居性病发生率的第3位,仅次于淋病、尖锐湿疣。
关于本病的病因病机,历代医家都有较为详细的论述。本病可归属于祖国医学中“淋证”、“溺浊”、“白浊”等范畴,女性则属于“带下”、“阴痒”等。
本病发病缓慢,症状轻,不容易受到重视。引起本病的病原体可持续存在数月之久,且治疗需要较长时间,未正规用药后有并发症者,可长期带菌,成为潜在的传染源。由于人体正气虚弱,直接或间接感受秽浊之气,酿成湿热,湿热毒邪搏结,侵犯下焦而成淋证。湿热下注已成为慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的主要病理变化。
现代医学在治疗慢性非淋菌性尿道炎时多根据经验选用盐酸多西环素片、阿奇霉素、氧氟沙星、罗昔霉素等广谱抗生素,但因临床很多医生使用抗生素时未做到足量、足疗程致使支原体及衣原体对上述多种抗生素产生耐药,加之患者免疫力低下,故直接影响了临床疗效,临床推广具有一定难度。而本发明采用中医中药疗法,紧抓慢性非淋菌性尿道炎发病的主要病机,以清热解毒、利湿通淋为主。现代药理研究表明,清热解毒、利湿通淋类药物具有提高机体免疫力、抗菌、消炎等作用。本发明通过运用清热解毒、利湿通淋药物提高机体免疫力而祛除体内病原体,从而获得满意的临床疗效。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药及其制备方法,可有效解决治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎效果不佳的问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药,包括以下重量计的原料药物:白花蛇舌草50-70g、生甘草20-40g、半边莲10-20g、半枝莲10-20g、苍术10-20g、黄柏10-20g、薏苡仁20-40g、萹蓄10-30g、怀牛膝20-40g。
所述的治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药的制备方法,是将各原料药物混合在一起,放入容器中,加水700-900ml浸泡20-30分钟,武火煎至沸腾后,改为文火煎煮15-25分钟,过滤,留滤液即得。
本发明采用纯天然的原料中草药物制成,各种药物之间有机配合,协同增效,配制合理,原料丰富,方法简单,服用方便,疗效佳,成本低,是治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎药物上的一大创新。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
本发明治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药,包括以下重量计的原料药物:白花蛇舌草50g、生甘草20g、半边莲10g、半枝莲10g、苍术10g、黄柏10g、薏苡仁20g、萹蓄10g、怀牛膝20g。
所述的治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药的制备方法,是将各原料药物混合在一起,放入容器中,加水700ml浸泡20分钟,武火煎至沸腾后,改为文火煎煮15分钟,过滤,留滤液即得。
实施例2
本发明治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药,包括以下重量计的原料药物:白花蛇舌草60g、生甘草30g、半边莲15g、半枝莲15g、苍术15g、黄柏15g、薏苡仁30g、萹蓄20g、怀牛膝30g。
所述的治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药的制备方法,是将各原料药物混合在一起,放入容器中,加水800ml浸泡25分钟,武火煎至沸腾后,改为文火煎煮20分钟,过滤,留滤液即得。
实施例3
本发明治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药,包括以下重量计的原料药物:白花蛇舌草70g、生甘草40g、半边莲20g、半枝莲20g、苍术20g、黄柏20g、薏苡仁40g、萹蓄30g、怀牛膝40g。
所述的治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药的制备方法,将各原料药物混合在一起,放入容器中,加水900ml浸泡30分钟,武火煎至沸腾后,改为文火煎煮25分钟,过滤,留滤液即得。
本发明要指出的是,本发明请求保护的技术核心是组方(中药复方),凡是根据本复方中药制成的汤剂、丸剂、粉剂、胶囊剂、片剂,均属于本发明请求保护的范围。
在上述药物中,其中:
白花蛇舌草,系茜草科一年生草本植物白花蛇舌草的干燥全草,主产于长江以南各地,夏秋二季采收,鲜用或晒干,生用。本品微苦、甘,寒,归胃、大肠、小肠经,具有清热解毒、消痈、利湿通淋等功效。《广西中草药》:"清热解毒,活血利尿。治扁桃体炎,咽喉炎,阑尾炎,肝炎,痢疾,尿路感染,小儿疳积。”主治疮痈肿毒,咽喉肿痛,热淋等证。现代研究表明,本品主要含等齐墩果酸、乌索酸、等有机酸,尚含臭蚁苷、黄酮苷、三十一烷、甾醇及白花蛇舌草素、对位香豆苷等成分,具有增强和调节机体免疫功能、抗肿瘤、抗菌消炎、抗感染、抗氧化等多种作用。
生甘草,系豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的根及根茎,主产于内蒙古、新疆、甘肃等地,以秋采者为佳。本品味甘性平,归心、肺、脾、胃经,具有补脾益气、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、清热解毒、调和诸药等功效。《本草汇言》:“和中益气,补虚解毒之药也。”主治脾气虚、咳喘、热毒疮疡、咽喉肿痛等证。现代研究表明,本品含三萜类、黄酮类、生物碱、多糖等成分,具有抑制胃酸分泌、抗菌、抗炎、抗病毒、抗过敏、抗利尿、降脂、保肝等作用。
半边莲,系桔梗科多年生草本半边莲的干燥全草,主产于长江以南各省。夏季采收,鲜用或晒干,生用。本品甘、淡、寒,归心、小肠、肺经,具有清热解毒、利水消肿等功效。《泉州本草》:通络,清热解毒,祛风散血,行气利水,破瘀止痛。内服主血淋,吐血,衄血;外用治毒蛇咬伤,痈疽,疔疮,无名肿毒。主治疮痈肿毒,毒蛇咬伤,大腹水肿等。现代研究表明,本品主要成分为山梗菜碱、山梗菜酮碱、异山梗菜酮碱等,尚含黄酮苷、延胡索酸等有机酸、氨基酸、皂苷等成分,具有免疫调节、抗炎、抑菌、抗肿瘤、解痉祛痰、利尿等作用。
半枝莲,系唇形科多年生草本半枝莲的干燥全草,主产于华北、中南、华东、华南、西南地区。夏、秋二季茎叶茂盛时采挖,洗净,晒干。本品味辛、苦,寒,归肺、肝、肾经,具有清热解毒、散瘀止血、利水消肿等功效。《江西草药》:“清热解毒,消肿止痛。”主治疮痈肿毒,毒蛇咬伤,跌打损伤,血淋,大腹水肿等证。现代研究表明,本品含生物碱、黄酮类甙、甾体以及酚类、鞣质等成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗病原微生物、利尿、平喘祛痰等多种作用。
苍术,系为菊科植物茅苍术或北苍术的干燥根茎。主产于江苏、河南、河北、山西、陕西,以产于江苏茅山一带者质量最好。本品味辛、苦,性温,归脾、胃、肝经,有燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目等功效。《本草从新》:燥胃强脾。发汗除湿。能升发胃中阳气。止吐泻。逐痰水。主治湿阻中焦,脘腹胀满,泄泻,水肿,脚气痿蹙,风湿痹痛,风寒感冒,夜盲,眼目昏涩等证。此外,本品还常与利水渗湿药配伍,用于脾虚湿聚,水湿内停的痰饮、泄泻或外溢的水肿之证。现代研究表明,本品主要含有挥发油,还含有聚乙炔化合物、微量元素等成分。药理研究表明,苍术对消化系统有多种作用,还有保肝、降血糖、抗菌、抗病毒等多种作用。本品多煎服。
黄柏,系芸香科落叶乔木黄檗、黄皮树的干燥树皮,前者习称“关黄柏”主产于辽宁、吉林等地;后者习称“川黄柏”,主产于四川、贵州等地。本品味苦、性寒,归肾、膀胱经,有清热燥湿、泻火除蒸、退虚热、解毒疗疮等功效。《神农本草经》:“心腹气结,癥瘕积聚,黄疸,溺有余沥,逐水,除痈肿。”主治泻痢,黄疸,带下,皮肤瘙痒,小便涩痛等证。现代研究表明,本品主要含小檗碱、,少量黄柏碱、木兰碱,以及内酯等成分。药理研究表明,本品具有抗菌、抗真菌、免疫抑制、抗肿瘤、抗溃疡、利尿等多种作用。本品多煎服,亦可外用。
薏苡仁,系禾木科多年生草本植物薏苡的干燥成熟种仁,主产于福建、河北、辽宁等地,本品味甘、淡,性凉,归脾、胃、肺经,具有利水渗湿、健脾止泻、清热排脓、除痹等功效。《神农本草经》:“主筋急拘挛,不可屈伸,风湿痹,下气。”主治水肿,小便不利,脾虚泄泻,肺痈,肠痈等证。现代研究表明,本品含蛋白质、脂肪油、碳水化合物、维生素B1、薏苡素、薏苡仁脂等成分。药理研究表明,本品具有抗肿瘤、提高机体免疫力、降血糖、抗炎镇痛等作用。本品清热利湿宜生用;健脾止泻宜炒用。除入汤剂、丸散剂外,亦可作粥食用,为食疗佳品。
萹蓄,系石竹科多年生草本植物瞿麦和石竹的干燥地上部分,产于全国各地,芒种至小暑间,茎叶生长茂盛时采收,割取地上部分,晒干。本品苦,微寒,归膀胱经,具有利尿通淋、杀虫止痒等功效。《神农本草经》:“主浸淫,疥瘙疽痔,杀三虫。”主治淋证,湿疹瘙痒,虫积腹痛等证。现代研究表明,本品含萹蓄苷、槲皮苷、牡荆素、异牡荆素等成分,药理研究表明,本品具有利尿、抑菌、抗纤维化、抗癌、抗氧化等作用。
牛膝,系苋科植物牛膝(怀牛膝)和川牛膝(甜牛膝)的根,主要产于河南、四川、云南、贵州等地,以河南怀庆府所产者质量最好,称“怀牛膝”。本品味苦、甘、酸,性平,归肝、肾经,有活血通经、补肝肾、强筋骨、利水通淋、引火(血)下行等功效。《神农本草经》:“主寒湿痿痹,四肢拘挛,膝痛不可屈伸,逐血气,伤热火烂,堕胎。”主治经闭、痛经、胞衣不下等妇科经产诸疾、跌打伤痛;腰膝酸痛、下肢痿软;淋证、水肿、小便不利;头痛眩晕、齿痛、口舌生疮、吐血、衄血等证。现代研究表明,本品含三萜皂苷(经水解后成为齐墩果酸和糖)、蜕皮甾酮、牛膝甾酮、紫茎牛膝甾酮等甾体类成分和多糖类成分。此外,牛膝还含有精氨酸等12种氨基酸以及生物碱类、香豆素类等化合物和铁、铜等微量元素。药理研究表明,牛膝具有抗炎、镇痛作用,能提高机体免疫功能。
上述药物中,白花蛇舌草微苦、甘,寒,归胃、大肠、小肠经,具有清热解毒、消痈、利湿通淋等功效。主治疮痈肿毒,咽喉肿痛,热淋等证。本品一可清热解毒、消痈,改善尿道灼痛、脓性分泌物等症状;二可清热除湿、利水通淋,改善小便淋沥涩痛等症状,故为君药。生甘草味甘性平,归心、肺、脾、胃经,具有补脾益气、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、清热解毒、调和诸药等功效,主治脾气虚、热毒疮疡、咽喉肿痛等证,可助白花蛇舌草清热解毒,改善尿道灼痛、脓性分泌物等症状。半边莲甘、淡、寒,归心、小肠、肺经,具有清热解毒、利水消肿等功效,主治疮痈肿毒、大腹水肿等证,助白花蛇舌草清热解毒、利湿通淋。半枝莲味辛、苦,寒,归肺、肝、肾经,有清热解毒、散瘀止血、利水消肿之功,主治疮痈肿毒,血淋,大腹水肿等证,可助白花蛇舌草解毒通淋。三者共为臣药。苍术味辛、苦,性温,归脾、胃、肝经,有燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目等功效,主治湿阻中焦,脘腹胀满,泄泻,水肿,脚气痿蹙等证。黄柏味苦、性寒,归肾、膀胱经,有清热燥湿、泻火除蒸、解毒疗疮等功效。薏苡仁味甘、淡,性凉,归脾、胃、肺经,具有利水渗湿、健脾止泻、清热排脓、除痹等功效,主治水肿,小便不利,肺痈,肠痈等证。萹蓄苦,微寒,归膀胱经,具有利尿通淋、杀虫止痒等功效,主治淋证,湿疹瘙痒等证。四药共为佐药,起利湿、通淋之功。牛膝味苦、甘、酸,性平,归肝、肾经,有活血通经、利水通淋、引火(血)下行等功效,主治淋证、水肿、小便不利;吐血、衄血等证,功兼佐使之用。全方选药精细、组方严谨、有效组合、配伍得当、协同增效,共奏清热解毒,利湿通淋之功。该方并经临床应用,取得了良好的效果,其有关资料如下。
1西医诊断标准
根据卫生部防疫司规定的非淋菌性尿道炎诊断标准:①有不洁性交史,潜伏期1-3周;②尿道局部具有明显的尿道炎的症状,如尿道刺痒、灼热、疼痛或尿频尿急,尿道口有白色透明样分泌物溢出,尤以晨起较甚;③分泌物淋球菌涂片检查阴性,生物学检测衣原体和(或)支原体阳性且病程>3个月者,诊断为慢性非淋菌性尿道炎。
2中医辨证标准
中医证候诊断标准参照秦国政主编的《中医男科学》拟定下焦湿热证标准:
主症:尿道外口微红肿,有少许分泌物,或晨起尿道口被少许分泌物黏着,小便频数、短赤、灼热、刺痛感;
次症:口苦黏腻,呕恶纳呆;
舌脉:舌质红苔黄腻,脉滑数。
具备主症1项+次症1项+舌脉即可诊断。
3纳入标准
①符合上述诊断及辨证标准者;
②年龄为20-45岁的男性患者;
③已婚同居或未婚同居的患者;
④签署知情同意书的患者。
4排除标准
①有严重心理疾病,精神病患者;
②近期服用或正在服用对本研究有影响的药物者;
③合并其它性病者;
④过敏体质者。
5脱落标准与剔除标准
5.1退出试验病例标准
①出现过敏反应或严重不良事件者,根据医生判断应该停止者;
②病程中病情恶化,根据医生判断应该停止者;
③患者在临床试验过程中依从性较差,不愿意继续进行治疗者。
5.2病例的脱落及处理
脱落的定义:纳入观察病例,进入随机分组者,无论何时何因退出,只要没有完成方案所规定的观察周期者,均称为脱落病例。未满1个疗程症状消失自行停药者,不作为脱落病例。当受试者脱落后,询问理由、记录最后一次服药时间、完成所能完成的评估项目。因过敏反应、不良反应、治疗无效而退出者,应根据受试者实际情况,采取相应的治疗措施。凡是入选并已使用编号的病人,无论是否脱落,均应记录和保留病例观察表,进行资料汇总、统计分析。脱落病人无需另补。
5.3病例的剔除
未按医嘱应用药物治疗者;在随机化之后没有任何数据者给予剔除。
6分组及研究方法
100例筛选合格进入随机化试验的受试者按随机数字表法随机均分为2组,治疗组采用本发明中药治疗,对照组采用盐酸多西环素片治疗。本研究采用随机、平行、对照的临床试验方法,研究方案报请医院伦理委员会审批后进行。
7治疗方法
治疗组采用本发明中药治疗,每日1剂,水煎取汁400ml,分早晚两次饭后温服。对照组采用盐酸多西环素片,每日2次,每次100mg,口服,首次加倍。2组均2周为1个疗程,疗程结束后统计疗效。
8观察指标
8.1主要效应指标:临床疗效、复发状况、不良反应。
8.2安全性评价指标:血压、脉搏、心电图、血、尿常规化验,肝、肾功能检查。
9疗效评定标准
参照《中医药新药临床研究指导原则》制定:患者停药2周后进行临床疗效评估,主要是依据临床症状与体征缓解以及病原体清除状况进行综合评估,主要分为4个等级:
痊愈:临床症状体征完全消失,病原学检查阴性。
显效:临床症状体征缓解,病原学检查阴性。
有效:临床症状体征缓解,病原学检查弱阳性。
无效:临床症状无变化,病原学检查阳性。
10统计方法
①计量资料:先进行正态性检验,符合正态分布者进行t检验或方差分析,方差分析前进行方差齐性检验。两组间比较采用t检验,不符合正态性分布者则采用两组间秩和检验;组内治疗前后自身比较采用配对t检验(Paired-Samples T Test),不符合正态性分布者则采用配对秩和检验(2Related Samples,Wilcoxon法)。多组间两两比较符合正态性分布、方差齐者采用方差分析(one-way ANOVA),两两组间比较用LSD法;不符合正态分布或方差不齐者用Wilcoxon秩和检验。
②计数资料:采用秩和检验,两两比较用Wilcoxon秩和检验;两个以上组间比较用Kruskal-Wallis检验。两个总体率(或构成比)之间比较,用χ2检验或确切概率法,多个样本率或构成比之间比较,采用列联表χ2检验。
③等级资料:采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。α取0.05标准,以P<α为有显著性差异。
11结果
总有效率=(痊愈+显效+有效)/总例数×100%
复发率=显效/(痊愈+显效)×100%
11.1两组患者总体疗效比较(见表1)
表1两组患者总体疗效比较(%)
注:两组总有效率比较,对照组为72.0%,治疗组为94.0%,χ2=7.361,P<0.05,有统计学意义。
11.2两组患者治疗前后复发状况观察
通过对治疗组和对照组治疗2周后的病原体阴性患者进行复查,出现有阳性为复发,治疗组复发率为7.14%(3/42),对照组复发率为30.0%(9/30),治疗组复发率明显的低于对照组(χ2=4.481,P<0.05),有统计学意义。
11.3安全性指标异常率情况
经统计学处理,治疗组和对照组各项安全性指标血压、脉搏、心电图、血、尿常规化验,肝、肾功能,治疗前后比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
11.4两组患者不良反应观察(见表2)
表2治疗组和对照组患者不良反应观察(%)
组别 | n(例) | 恶心、呕吐 | 腹胀 | 嗜睡 | 不良反应发生率(%) |
治疗组 | 50 | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(2.0) | 2.0 |
对照组 | 50 | 2(4.0) | 2(4.0) | 2(4.0) | 12.0 |
注:两组患者治疗后的不良反应观察,对照组为12.0%,治疗组为2.0%,χ2=5.025,P<0.05,有统计学意义。
12结论
由上述表明,本发明中药稳定可靠,治疗效果好,不良反应小,无毒副作用,在治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎上,能明显降低复发率,改善尿道刺痒、尿道灼痛、尿道脓性分泌物等症状,为湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎提供了良好的治疗条件,有效率达到94.0%,是中医药学上的一大创造,有实际的临床意义,是治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎药物上的一大创新,有良好的社会和经济效益。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药,其特征在于,由以下重量计的原料药物制成:白花蛇舌草50-70g、生甘草20-40g、半边莲10-20g、半枝莲10-20g、苍术10-20g、黄柏10-20g、薏苡仁20-40g、萹蓄10-30g、怀牛膝20-40g;制备方法是,将各原料药物混合在一起,放入容器中,加水700-900ml浸泡20-30分钟,武火煎至沸腾后,改为文火煎煮15-25分钟,过滤,留滤液即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药,其特征在于,由以下重量计的原料药物制成:白花蛇舌草50g、生甘草20g、半边莲10g、半枝莲10g、苍术10g、黄柏10g、薏苡仁20g、萹蓄10g、怀牛膝20g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药,其特征在于,由以下重量计的原料药物制成:白花蛇舌草60g、生甘草30g、半边莲15g、半枝莲15g、苍术15g、黄柏15g、薏苡仁30g、萹蓄20g、怀牛膝30g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的治疗湿热下注型慢性非淋菌性尿道炎的中药,其特征在于,由以下重量计的原料药物制成:白花蛇舌草70g、生甘草40g、半边莲20g、半枝莲20g、苍术20g、黄柏20g、薏苡仁40g、萹蓄30g、怀牛膝40g。
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