CN107646670A - A kind of breeding method of round carbuncle radish - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of round carbuncle radish, this method is used as female parent using male sterile plant of 3 plants of the florescence without pollen, fertile plant by the use of " Nanzhang circle is red " kind is used as male parent, by the test cross in continuous 4 years eight generations, selfed breeding goes out the stable Nanzhang red 2A 33235 of circle 100% of sterile rate, as red A is justified in Nanzhang, select maintainer Nanzhang 2B 33235, as red B is justified in Nanzhang, red A is justified as female parent using Nanzhang again, male parent is used as using " seven leaves are red " kind, hybridization forms half-blood radish varieties " circle carbuncle ", as round carbuncle radish.Present invention circle carbuncle radish plant robust growth, plate leaf, fleshy root is large red, circle, and nearly half is basseted；The more resistance to bolting of the kind, heat-resisting quantity are strong, and the speed of growth is fast, and after planting only can listing in 40 days, is adapted to stir-fry and eat, simmers soup, be the necessity that autumn and winter Os Sus domestica simmers soup.

Description

A kind of breeding method of round carbuncle radish

Technical field

The present invention relates to crop hybrid breeding field, in particular to a kind of breeding method of round carbuncle radish.

Background technology

Rhaphanus Cruciferae one, biennial plant, all over the world cultivation extensively.Radish is long in China's cultivation history, kind There is a plantation matter aboundresources, all parts of the country, are the main vegetables in China's autumn, winter based on most areas were cultivated with autumn and winter One of dish.Radish is easily cultivated, and technology is easy, easily obtains high and stable yields, is liked by our people, in vegetable growing with being accounted in supply There is status of the utmost importance.Radish is widely used, can not only eat raw, prepared food, can also be used to process, and makes each into soy preserved radish, hot radish Bar, be the necessary article for simmering soup in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River winter, often it is edible also have help digestion, be pleasant, the effect such as diuresis.

During radish cultivation, due to the difference of various regions consumption habit, there are various local radish varieties, such as Xiaoshan one Select carrot, Chengdu spring not old radish etc..On our province Tianmen, Xiangyang, Jing Zhou, Huang gang and other places, custom is edible a kind of to justify red type Radish, Main Cultivars are local radish varieties " seven leaves are red ", but seven leaf carrots are present that radish is small, yield poorly, non-refractory etc. Shortcoming, it is impossible to give full play to effect of the improved seeds in agricultural production.

The content of the invention

The defects of present invention is directed to prior art, there is provided a kind of breeding method of round carbuncle radish, this method pass through searching Naturally circle carrot sterile plant is breeding material present in nature, is matched somebody with somebody by the seed selection of male sterile line, cross combination System, the Yield comparison of combination, heat resistance contrast, seed selection yield is high, heat resistance is strong, quality better first-filial generation justifies red trailing plants Foretell --- circle carbuncle radish.The circle carbuncle radish has the advantages of yield is high, heat resistance is strong, quality better.

To achieve the above object, the breeding method of a kind of round carbuncle radish provided by the invention, comprises the following steps：

1) using male sterile plant of 3 plants of the florescence without pollen as female parent, made with the fertile plant of " Nanzhang circle is red " kind For male parent, by the test cross in continuous 4 years eight generations, selfing, (test cross and selfing are the methods of seed selection male sterile line.Test cross is can The pollen pollination of strain is educated to (because sterile plant does not have pollen, it is impossible to solid), measuring follow-on fertility such as on the column cap of sterile plant What, this method is test cross.Male parent selfing simultaneously, keep the attribute of male parent), select the stable Nanzhang 100% of sterile rate The red 2A-3-3-2-3-5 of circle, as Nanzhang justify red A, select maintainer Nanzhang 2B-3-3-2-3-5, and red B, south are justified in as Nanzhang Justify red A feature in Zhang：33 centimetres of plant height, 42 centimetres of development degree；Leafage is upright, plate leaf, has a small amount of lack to split, the smooth nothing in blade face Seta；Main lobe arteries and veins is red, leaf color green, single-strain blade number 15-16 pieces；Skin large red, meat white；Fleshy root is circular, the thick 6-8 of root Centimetre, 6-8 centimetres of root long.From harvesting 60 days or so is seeded into, every 667 square metres of yield is at 2200 kilograms or so.

2) red A is justified as female parent using above-mentioned Nanzhang, using " seven leaves are red " kind as male parent, hybridization forms half-blood radish Kind " circle carbuncle ", as round carbuncle radish.

Further, in the step 1), the seed selection of test cross and selfing is characterized as：

Field planting is observed：It is required that red A radish fleshy roots are justified as circular, large red in Nanzhang, all economic characters and control south Zhang circle carrot is consistent；

Florescence is observed：It is required that Nanzhang is justified when red A is bloomed, performance is without pollen, and sterile rate is higher, and pollen is without aetiolation.

Yet further, in the step 2), the feature of " seven leaves are red " kind：

30 centimetres of plant height, 24 centimetres of development degree, leafage half is upright, and leaf color is light green partially yellow, petiole and vein large red, blade There is seta on long inverted ovoid, plate leaf, blade face, and every plant of number of blade 7~8, fleshy root large red is circular, meat white.Average Weight per plant 100 grams, maximum 200 grams, fleshy root 1/3rd buries growth, and skin book, smooth, meat is tender and crisp, and pungent is moderate.Evening, which is broadcast, eats nothing raw Pungent, it is adapted to autumn and winter production.45~60 days time of infertility, general 2000 kilograms or so of 667 square metres of yield.

Yet further, the feature of the round carbuncle radish：

35 centimetres of plant height, 58 centimetres of development degree；Dark green leaf color, vein large red, every plant of number of blade 12-14 piece, skin are bright red Color, meat white, meat is close, is not easy the chaff heart；Fleshy root subcircular, nearly half are basseted, thick 8-10 centimetres of root, root long 8-12 centimetres.From harvesting 40-50 days is seeded into, heat resistance material is strong.The first tenday period of a month in Wuhan Area early July to October can be sowed, and 8 Harvested before the middle ten days and the last ten days to the Spring Festival moon, every 667 square metres of yield is more than 3000 kilograms.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are：

1) present invention circle carbuncle radish plant robust growth, plate leaf, fleshy root are large red, circle, and nearly half is exposed Ground.Yield is high, and compared with the red volume increase more than 20% of seven leaves of control, individual plant maximum weighs 1.0 kilograms, general 3000 kilograms of 667 ㎡ yield More than, bumper harvest field is up to 5000 kilograms.

2) the more resistance to bolting of the kind, heat-resisting quantity are strong, and the speed of growth is fast, and after planting only can listing in 40 days, is adapted to fry Food, soup is simmered, be the necessity that autumn and winter Os Sus domestica simmers soup.

3) wide adaptability of radish

First, cultivation season is extensive, in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, due to the more resistance to bolting of this circle carrot, late March can be with Make spring radish cultivation in protecting field；This kind heat-resisting quantity is strong, can make the cultivation of summer radish high temperature resistant in 7-8 months, in addition in 9-10 The moon can make autumn and winter radish cultivation.

Second, adapt to various types of soil, due to circle carrot bury it is shallow, can be with addition to loam, sandy loam cultivation Cultivated on clay, loess and be not easy to pitch root.

4) 1 year two propagating technology of circle carrot.Generally, circle carrot can only produce once for 1 year, in order to accelerate to educate Kind process, the present invention have carried out 1 year two numerous breeding technique of round carrot.Circle carrot is sowed in the beginning of October, is grown to mid-November After going out radish, the circle carrot field planting that color is bright red, anatomic shape is consistent is selected, other radish are eliminated.Justify red trailing plants April to Second Year After Bu Kaihua pollinations, harvesting in June seed.After seed collection, soaked seed 4 hours in the first tenday period of a month in July, after waiting Seed sprouting, be placed on 4 DEG C Low-temperature treatment is carried out in the refrigerator of left and right, after waiting seed germination, seed is seeded in seedlings nursing plate and continues to carry out under 4 DEG C or so low temperature Vernalization treatment, 20 days processing times, early in August is waited by seedling replanting to Protectorate cultivation, capping sunshade net prevents during high temperature early stage Seedling is burnt, and awning film is capped during later stage low temperature and promotes seed maturity.Bloom after pollination, the first tenday period of a month in October can harvest round carrot kind Son.

5) north and south breeding is carried out, improves the circle carbuncle radish commodity seed market competitiveness.First Year parent carries out big in south Strain breeding, carries out strict seed production program, makes to justify carbuncle radish Parent kind and is not easy to degenerate.Second Year is in the small strain in northwest Breeding, because northwest day and night temperature is big, seed production is high, mass of 1000 kernel is big, goes out robust seedling, seed production cost is low, adds commodity Seed Market competitiveness.

The present invention accelerates to educate by technological means such as artificial emasculation combo, Protectorate cultivation, 1 year two numerous, north and south breedings Kind process, substantially reduces the breeding time limit.

Embodiment

In order to preferably explain the present invention, below in conjunction with the specific embodiment main contents that the present invention is furture elucidated, but Present disclosure is not limited solely to following examples.

2012, from Nanzhang circle carrot production Tanaka, find 3 plants of natural male sterile plant (3 plants of natural male sterile plants When blooming without pollen in addition to, the fertile plant Nanzhang circle of other economic characters and surrounding is red be as), utilize this 3 plants of infertility Strain, by the test cross in continuous 4 years eight generations, selfing work, find maintainer Nanzhang and justify red B, be successfully bred as Nanzhang and justified red male Sterile line A.Its process is following, and (field planting is observed, it is desirable to justifies red A radish fleshy roots as circular, large red, all economy in Nanzhang Character is consistent with control Nanzhang circle carrot；Florescence is observed, it is desirable to performance is justified when red A is bloomed without pollen in Nanzhang, sterile rate compared with Height, pollen is without aetiolation.)：

Spring in 2012：

(1) justify in Nanzhang and 3 plants of sterile plants are found in red seed farm；

(2) using 3 plants of sterile plants as female parent, paired test cross is carried out for male parent so that the circle of fertile plant Nanzhang around is red, is named respectively For 1A, 1B；2A, 2B；3A, 3B ... 20A, 20B, test cross 20 is to combination altogether.

Summer in 2012：

(1) low-temperature treatment is carried out indoors, manually adds generation, the sterile rate of each combination is observed when blooming, and it is high to choose sterile rate 2A, 2B (sterile rate 33%)；5A, 5B (sterile rate 36%)；Three pairs of combinations of 17A, 17B (sterile rate 42%), other are eliminated.

(2) 20 pairs of test crosses are carried out respectively to three above combination, be respectively designated as：2A-1,2B-1；2A-2,2B-2；2A- 3,2B-3 ... .17A-20,17B-20, totally 60 pairs of combinations.

Autumn in 2012：

(1) 60 pairs of combination field plantings will observe above, it is red to compare with Nanzhang circle, choose root shape, Gen Se and Nanzhang and justify Red identical combines totally 7 pairs, respectively 2A-3,2B-3；2A-8,2B-8；2A-12,2B-12；5A-5,5B-5；5A-7,5B-7； 17A-3,17B-3；17A-9,17B-9；Eliminate that other root shapes are bad, combination of colour-difference.

Spring in 2013：

(1) 7 couple combination that observation is reserved seed for planting when spring blooms, sterile rate height, 3 pairs of the combination for no yellow of blooming are chosen, respectively For 2A-3 (sterile rate 56%), 2A-8 (sterile rate 62%), 5A-7 (sterile rate 58%), other are eliminated.

(2) 20 pairs of test crosses are carried out respectively to three above combination, be respectively designated as：2A-3-1,2B-3-1；2A-3--2, 2B-3-2；2A-3-3,2B-3-3 ... .5A-7-20,5B-7-20, totally 60 pairs of combinations.

Summer in 2013：

(1) low-temperature treatment is carried out indoors, manually adds generation, the sterile rate of each combination is observed when blooming, and it is high to choose sterile rate 2A-3-3,2B-3-3 (sterile rate 86%)；2A-8-7,2B-8-7 (sterile rate 92%)；5A-7-9,5B-7-9 (sterile rate 88%) three pairs of combinations, other are eliminated.

(2) 20 pairs of test crosses are carried out respectively to three above combination, be respectively designated as：2A-3-3-1,2B-3-3-1；2A-3- 3-2,2B-3-3-2；2A-3-3-3,2B-3-3-3 ... .5A-7-9-20,5B-7-9-20, totally 60 pairs of combinations.

Autumn in 2013：

60 pairs of combination field plantings it will observe above, it is red to compare with Nanzhang circle, choose root shape, Gen Se and the red phase of Nanzhang circle Totally 6 pairs same of combination；Eliminate that other root shapes are bad, combination of colour-difference.

Spring in 2014：

(1) 6 couple combination that observation is reserved seed for planting when spring blooms, sterile rate height, 3 pairs of the combination for no yellow of blooming are chosen, respectively For 2A-3-3-2 (sterile rate 91%), 2A-3-3-7 (sterile rate 94%), 5A-7-9-9 (sterile rate 92%), retain corresponding keep System, other are eliminated.

(2) 20 pairs of test crosses are carried out respectively to three above combination, be respectively designated as：2A-3-3-2-1,2B-3-3-2-1； 2A-3-3-2-2,2B-3-3-2-2；2A-3-3-2-3,2B-3-3-2-3 ... .5A-7-9-9-20,5B-7-9-9-20, totally 60 To combination.

Summer in 2014：

(1) low-temperature treatment is carried out indoors, manually adds generation, the sterile rate of each combination is observed when blooming, and it is high to choose sterile rate 2A-3-3-2-3,2B-3-3-2-3 (sterile rate 96%)；2A-3-3-7-2,2B-3-3-7-2 (sterile rate 96%)；5A-7-9- Three pairs of combinations of 9-6,5B-7-9-9-6 (sterile rate 98%), other are eliminated.

(2) 20 pairs of test crosses are carried out respectively to three above combination, be respectively designated as：2A-3-3-2-3-1,2B-3-3-2-3- 1；2A-3-3-2-3-2,2B-3-3-2-3-2；2A-3-3-2-3-3,2B-3-3-2-3-3 ... totally 60 pairs of combinations.

Autumn in 2014：

60 pairs of combination field plantings it will observe above, it is red to compare with Nanzhang circle, choose root shape, Gen Se and the red phase of Nanzhang circle Totally 5 pairs same of combination；Eliminate that other root shapes are bad, combination of colour-difference.

Spring in 2015：

(1) 5 couple combination that observation is reserved seed for planting when spring blooms, now there are 2 pairs of sterile rates of combination up to 100%, respectively 2A-3- 3-2-3-5,2A-3-3-2-3-7, retain corresponding maintainer, other are eliminated.

(2) 2 combinations carry out expanding respectively numerous to more than, and sterile line and corresponding maintainer are reserved seed for planting, that is, produce 2A-3-3-2- 3-5,2B-3-3-2-3-5,2A-3-3-2-3-7,2B-3-3-2-3-7 seed.

Summer in 2015：

Low-temperature treatment is carried out indoors, manually adds generation, and the sterile rates of 2 combinations of observation are 100% when blooming, and are not educated Property segregation phenomenon.

Autumn in 2015：

By sterile rate be 100% 2 couple combine field planting observation, with Nanzhang circle it is red for control, choose root shape it is more attractive, Red identical combination 2A-3-3-2-3-5,2B-3-3-2-3-5 are justified in root color and Nanzhang；Eliminate the slightly worse combination 2A-3-3-2- of root shape 3-7,2B-3-3-2-3-7.

Spring in 2016：

2A-3-3-2-3-5 sterile rate is stable 100%, is named as Nanzhang and justifies red A, the feature that red A is justified in Nanzhang is special Property：33 centimetres of plant height, 42 centimetres of development degree；Leafage is upright, plate leaf, has a small amount of lack to split, the smooth no seta in blade face.Main lobe arteries and veins is red Color, leaf color green, single-strain blade number 15-16 pieces.Skin large red, meat white；Fleshy root is circular, thick 6-8 centimetres of root, root long 6-8 Centimetre.From harvesting 60 days or so is seeded into, every 667 square metres of yield is at 2200 kilograms or so.

Corresponding maintainer 2B-3-3-2-3-5 is named as Nanzhang and justifies red B.

In Tianmen City somewhere by the selection of five generation single-columns, its feature is " seven leaves are red " cultivar origin：Plant height 30 Centimetre, 24 centimetres of development degree, leafage half is upright, and leaf color is light green partially yellow, petiole and vein large red, blade long inverted ovoid, plate leaf, There is seta on blade face, and every plant of number of blade 7~8, fleshy root large red is circular, meat white.Average 100 grams of Weight per plant, maximum 200 Gram, fleshy root 1/3rd buries growth, and skin book, smooth, meat is tender and crisp, and pungent is moderate.Evening, which is broadcast, eats no pungent raw, is adapted to the autumn and winter Seasonal Production.45~60 days time of infertility, general 2000 kilograms or so of 667 square metres of yield.

Red A is justified as female parent using above-mentioned Nanzhang, using " seven leaves are red " kind as male parent, hybridization forms half-blood radish product Kind " circle carbuncle ", as round carbuncle radish.

The feature of the round carbuncle radish：

35 centimetres of plant height, 58 centimetres of development degree；Dark green leaf color, vein large red, every plant of number of blade 12-14 piece, skin are bright red Color, meat white, meat is close, is not easy the chaff heart；Fleshy root subcircular, nearly half are basseted, thick 8-10 centimetres of root, root long 8-12 centimetres.From harvesting 40-50 days is seeded into, heat resistance material is strong.The first tenday period of a month in early July to October can be sowed, mid or late August Harvested before to the Spring Festival, every 667 square metres of yield is more than 3000 kilograms.

Circle carbuncle radish cross-breeding technology main points：

(1) determination of sowing time：It is advisable with being sowed at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, is sowed when selecting fine morning day 10 to afternoon 4.Sowing Too early easily by freeze injury, sowing is bloomed late too late, and the pollination of later stage high temperature is difficult, insect pest is more.

(2) sow：First broadcast maternal Nanzhang and justify red A seeds, then broadcast the red seed of the leaf of male parent seven.Per bunch planting kind 2-3, treat Final singling after emergence, removes the miscellaneous seedling of weak seedling and pest and disease damage is caused harm strain, and 1 plant of healthy seedling is stayed per cave.

(3) seeding row spacing：60 centimetres of line-spacing, 50 centimetres of spacing in the rows

(4) Parent ratio is 1：3, that is, it is red to plant the leaf of 1 furrow male parent seven, the satisfactory red A in 3 furrow female parent Nanzhangs.

(5) insect pest preventing and controlling：Radish mainly has aphid, flea beetle, diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar etc..Whole breeding time is it is noted that anti-in time Control insect.Later stage susceptible downy mildew and sclerotiniose, it should be noted that prevention in time.

(6) honeybee pollination：Radish typically blooms in early July, honeybee pollination can be utilized to improve seed production when blooming, General every 667 ㎡, which puts honeybee 2 casees, to be advisable.Florescence is one month or so.

(7) seed collection：In early September, when largely planting pod maturation, it is possible to harvested in time according to weather condition.

Circle carbuncle radish cultivation technical essential is as follows：

A, cultivate intensely：Because radish is dicotyledon, seedling band cotyledon is unearthed, and requires higher to site preparation, it is desirable to every 667 ㎡ apply 4000 kilograms decomposed of farm manure, 200 kilograms of cake fertilizer, and 50 kilograms of NPK is made base fertilizer, the rake of three plough three, made Base fertilizer is sufficiently mixed with soil, is then sowed.Later stage no longer top dressing.

B, begin sowing in good time：Circle carbuncle radish is when making spring Protectorate cultivation, late March when in canopy temperature it is stable 20 DEG C with Sowed when upper, and can not sow too early, prevent underdone bolting；Early July proceeds by the sowing of summer radish, expands peak period in radish and keeps away High temperature is opened to cause harm；Sowing will be carried out in protecting field after November, prevent freeze injury of the low temperature to radish.

C, field management：Circle carbuncle radish after planting, if soil moisture deficiency will be watered immediately, is emerged with profit, with After see weather condition water.Small water is not watered or pours during general seedling, moisture supply is uneven to easily cause radish crack root, in case of Rainy weather is it is noted that timely draining.It was found that to be prevented and treated in time after primary infection focus.

D, harvesting in time：When radish growth is more than 40 days, Weight per plant is in more than 250g, it is possible to according to market situation Harvested in time.To be harvested early when making spring radish cultivation, prevent bolting of upper later stage, make in low temperature to come temporarily during autumn and winter radish cultivation And to enter harvesting or cover antifreeze.

Other unspecified parts are prior art.Although above-described embodiment is made that to the present invention and retouched in detail State, but it is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, people can also according to the present embodiment without Other embodiment is obtained under the premise of creativeness, these embodiments belong to the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A kind of 1. breeding method of round carbuncle radish, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：

   1) using male sterile plant of 3 plants of the florescence without pollen as female parent, father is used as using the fertile plant of " Nanzhang circle is red " kind This, by the test cross in continuous 4 years eight generations, selfing, selects the stable Nanzhang red 2A-3-3-2-3-5 of circle 100% of sterile rate, As red A is justified in Nanzhang, selects maintainer Nanzhang 2B-3-3-2-3-5, and red B is justified in as Nanzhang, and red A feature is justified in Nanzhang： 33 centimetres of plant height, 42 centimetres of development degree；Leafage is upright, plate leaf, has a small amount of lack to split, the smooth no seta in blade face；Main lobe arteries and veins is red, leaf Color green, single-strain blade number 15-16 pieces；Skin large red, meat white；Fleshy root is circular, thick 6-8 centimetres of root, 6-8 centimetres of root long；

   2) red A is justified as female parent using above-mentioned Nanzhang, using " seven leaves are red " kind as male parent, hybridization forms half-blood radish varieties " circle carbuncle ", as round carbuncle radish.
2. A kind of 2. breeding method of round carbuncle radish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 1), test cross and The seed selection of selfing is characterized as：

   Field planting is observed：It is required that red A radish fleshy roots are justified as circular, large red in Nanzhang, all economic characters and control Nanzhang circle Carrot is consistent；

   Florescence is observed：It is required that Nanzhang is justified when red A is bloomed, performance is without pollen, and sterile rate is higher, and pollen is without aetiolation.
3. A kind of 3. breeding method of round carbuncle radish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 2), " seven leaves It is red " feature of kind：

   30 centimetres of plant height, 24 centimetres of development degree, leafage half is upright, and leaf color is light green partially yellow, petiole and vein large red, and blade length is fallen Avette, plate leaf, blade face have seta, and every plant of number of blade 7~8, fleshy root large red is circular, meat white；Average Weight per plant 100 Gram, maximum 200 grams, fleshy root 1/3rd buries growth, and skin book, smooth, meat is tender and crisp, and pungent is moderate.
4. A kind of 4. breeding method of round carbuncle radish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The feature of the round carbuncle radish Characteristic：

   35 centimetres of plant height, 58 centimetres of development degree；Dark green leaf color, vein large red, every plant of number of blade 12-14 piece, skin large red, meat White, meat is close, is not easy the chaff heart；Fleshy root subcircular, nearly half are basseted, thick 8-10 centimetres of root, root long 8-12 Centimetre.