CN107637388B - Inoculation method of straw mushroom culture medium - Google Patents
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- CN107637388B CN107637388B CN201711029923.XA CN201711029923A CN107637388B CN 107637388 B CN107637388 B CN 107637388B CN 201711029923 A CN201711029923 A CN 201711029923A CN 107637388 B CN107637388 B CN 107637388B
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Abstract
An inoculation method of a straw mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps: (1) filling compost for cultivating straw mushrooms into a plastic bag, fastening the opening of the plastic bag, and sterilizing to obtain a culture medium for later use; (2) sterilizing a plurality of bamboo or wooden punching inoculation rods with a plurality of strain tanks for later use; (3) inserting the sterilized perforated inoculating rod into a straw mushroom strain, and attaching the straw mushroom strain to a strain groove of the perforated inoculating rod; (4) inserting the punched inoculation rod attached with the straw mushroom strains into the culture medium in a linear shape from the surface of the culture medium, and leaving the punched inoculation rod in the culture medium after the punched inoculation rod cannot be taken out; inserting a punching inoculation rod every 8-15 cm; (5) stacking the culture medium inserted with the punched inoculation rod on a culture shelf, wherein the culture medium inserted with one surface of the punched inoculation rod faces upwards; the raw materials of the culture material comprise fir branches, fir sawdust, bracken mulberry branches, bagasse, waste molasses and lime powder; the method has high inoculation efficiency and can reduce the pollution probability of strain inoculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straw mushroom cultivation, in particular to an inoculation method of a straw mushroom culture medium.
Background
Straw mushroom, Latin school name:Volvariella volvacea (Bull.:Fr.) Sing.the orchid mushroom and the bracteatum mushroom originate in the Nanhuasi temple of Guangdong Shaoguan, China starts to cultivate artificially before 300 years, the orchid mushroom and the bracteatum mushroom are transferred to countries in the world from Huaqiao in about 30 years of the 20 th century, the bracteatum mushroom is an important tropical and subtropical mushroom, the third cultivated edible fungus in the world is provided, the yield of the straw mushroom in China is the first world, and the straw mushroom is mainly distributed in the south China. The straw mushroom is rich in nutrition and delicious in taste. The straw mushroom is famous for growing in wet and rotten straw, and is produced in Shuangguang, Fujian, Jiangxi and Taiwan. The mushroom is fat, thick in meat, short in stem, smooth and delicious, so the mushroom is called orchid mushroom and delicious foot-covering mushroom. Straw mushroom is a saprophytic fungus. The fresh mushrooms are fat and tender in meat quality and delicious in flavor, and are delicious dishes for banquet and radish. The fresh straw mushroom is rich in nutrition, and each 100g of fresh straw mushroom contains 207.7mg of vitamin C, 2.6g of sugar, 2.68g of crude protein, 2.24g of fat and 0.91g of ash. The straw mushroom protein contains 18 amino acids, wherein the essential amino acids account for 40.47-44.47%. In addition, it also contains various mineral elements such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, etc. Therefore, the straw mushroom is deeply loved by people as a health food and high-grade vegetables. The product can be sold fresh, can be made into cans, quick-frozen and dried, is edible fungi with great development prospect, and is an important agricultural product for earning foreign exchange in export of China.
In order to meet the market demand, people invent a fungus bag cultivation method capable of improving the yield of straw mushrooms, which is to put a culture medium into a cultivation bag, sterilize the cultivation bag and inoculate strains into the culture medium. In order to promote hypha to grow over the fungus bag as soon as possible, people start to adopt a puncher made of wood and iron rods, and an inoculation hole shaper made of plastic and provided with a cylinder at the upper middle part and a cone at the lower part temporarily punches holes in the fungus bag during inoculation, so that the strains are inoculated into the hollow holes. The pollution probability is high after the perforation and the strain inoculation; the gap between the strains and the culture medium of the fungus bag is large, the fruiting is irregular, and the inoculation efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inoculation method of a straw mushroom culture medium, which has high inoculation efficiency and can reduce the pollution probability of strain inoculation.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an inoculation method of a straw mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) filling compost for cultivating straw mushrooms into a plastic bag, fastening the opening of the plastic bag, and sterilizing to obtain a culture medium for later use;
(2) sterilizing a plurality of bamboo or wooden punching inoculation rods with a plurality of strain tanks for later use;
(3) inserting the sterilized perforated inoculating rod into a straw mushroom strain, and attaching the straw mushroom strain to a strain groove of the perforated inoculating rod;
(4) inserting the punched inoculation rod attached with the straw mushroom strains into the culture medium in a linear shape from the surface of the culture medium, and leaving the punched inoculation rod in the culture medium after the punched inoculation rod cannot be taken out; inserting a punching inoculation rod every 8-15 cm;
(5) stacking the culture medium inserted with the punched inoculation rod on a culture shelf, wherein the culture medium inserted into one surface of the punched inoculation rod faces upwards, and then completing inoculation;
the preparation process of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 25-35 parts of fir branches, 10-15 parts of fir sawdust, 8-10 parts of fern, 5-8 parts of mulberry branches, 3-5 parts of bagasse, 2-3 parts of waste molasses and 1-1.5 parts of lime powder according to parts by weight;
(2) crushing Chinese fir branches, bracken mulberry branches and bagasse into particles with the size of below 2 mm;
(3) uniformly mixing the crushed Chinese fir branches, bracken mulberry branches and bagasse with Chinese fir sawdust and waste molasses to obtain a mixture, adding mixed bacteria into the mixture, adding water, and uniformly mixing to ensure that the water content of the mixture is 65-70%; the weight ratio of the mixed material to the mixed bacteria is 100 (2-3); the mixed bacteria consist of bacillus subtilis and EM bacteria liquid, and the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the EM bacteria liquid is 1: 1.5;
(4) placing the mixture added with the mixed bacteria in a room for natural fermentation for 5-7 days; adding lime powder, stirring, and standing for 2-3 days; obtaining a culture material;
(5) placing the culture materials into a plastic bag, and fastening the opening of the bag; stacking and placing the materials into a steam sterilizing pot, sterilizing for 6-10 hours, wherein the steam temperature is 100-;
(6) and after the disinfection is finished, taking out the plastic bag filled with the culture material, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain the culture medium.
Preferably: the sterilization of the perforated inoculation rod is carried out by putting the perforated inoculation rod into a sterilization pot, boiling the water in the pot and sterilizing for 15-30 minutes.
The preparation process of the punching inoculation rod comprises the following steps:
(1) turning bamboo or wood into cylindrical strips with the diameter of 0.5-1 cm;
(2) cutting the cylindrical bar into a plurality of cylindrical sections with the length of 10-12 cm;
(3) making two ends of the cylindrical section into pointed ends;
(4) respectively manufacturing a plurality of parallel strain grooves which form an angle of 35-50 degrees with the axis of the cylindrical section at two sides of the cylindrical section after the pointed end is manufactured; the width of the strain groove is 3-5 mm, the depth is 2-3 mm, and the spacing distance of the strain groove is 2-3 mm;
(5) and cutting off the cylindrical section of the prepared strain tank from the middle to obtain two punching and inoculating rods.
Preferably: the number of the strain grooves on the two sides of the punching inoculation rod is 4-5 respectively.
Fern is a perennial herb. The height can reach 60 cm, most leaves grow as the base, the long ellipse is in a needle shape, the feathers with different depths are cracked, the length is 12 cm-25 cm, and the width is 5 cm-8 cm. The petiole is 12 cm-20 cm long. The head-shaped inflorescence is single, the diameter is about 8-12 cm, and the flower has white, yellow, orange red, red and other colors, and is active and gorgeous. Fern belongs to ferns, which are a generic name for lowland woody plants in the mud pot period. Fern can be seen everywhere on Guangxi mountain slope, and the resources are quite abundant.
Ramulus mori, Latin scientific name:Morus alba Lit is a general term for branches and leaves, ramulus mori, tender ramulus mori of mulberry. Deciduous shrubs or small trees with a height of 3-15 m. The bark is grey white and has strip-shaped shallow cracks; root bark is yellowish brown or reddish yellow, and has strong fibrous property. Single leaf intergrowth; the length of the petiole is l-2.5 cm; the leaf is oval or wide oval, the length is 5-20cm, the width is 4-10cm, the tip is sharp or tapered, the base is round or nearly heart-shaped, the edge is provided with coarse saw teeth or round teeth, irregular splitting sometimes exists, the upper surface is hairless and glossy, the lower pulse is provided with short hair, the axilla is provided with hair, 3 basal outlet pulses are interwoven with the thin pulse into a net shape, and the back surface is obvious; the leaves are needle-shaped and fall off early.
Bagasse is a byproduct of a cane sugar factory, and is always used as fuel or paper-making raw materials, so that a great deal of waste of resources is caused. The agaricus bisporus cultivation material is prepared by taking bagasse as a raw material, belongs to a waste recycling project, does not discharge waste residues to the outside, and is green and environment-friendly; the bagasse contains a large amount of cellulose, and after fermentation, the bagasse has the advantages that crude fiber can be degraded, crude protein can be improved, the nutritional value is improved, and protein and nutrients required by agaricus bisporus spawn running and growth are formed.
The bacillus subtilis has the following chemical name:Bacillussubtilisthe bacillus subtilis single cell is 0.7-0.8 × 2-3 microns of bacillus subtilis single cell, is uniformly colored, has no capsule, is a peritrichous flagellum, can move, is a gram-positive bacterium, has 0.6-0.9 × 1.0.0-1.5 microns of spore, is oval to columnar, is positioned in the center of the bacterium or slightly deviated, does not expand after the spore is formed, has rough and opaque colony surface, is white or yellowish, and often forms wrinkled films when growing in a liquid culture mediumThe bacillus subtilis is used for decomposing crude fibers of pine branches, fir sawdust, mulberry branches, corn cob residues and bagasse to form proteins and nutrients required by the growth and spawning of straw mushrooms.
EM bacteria (Effective Microorganisms) Is composed of about 80 kinds of microorganisms, and EM bacteria are successfully researched by professor bijia phf of Youkai university of Japan in 1982 and are put into the market in 80 years. The EM is a microbial preparation which is compounded by 10 microorganisms which are more than 80 and mainly comprise photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes. The action mechanism is to form competition of the EM bacteria and the pathogenic microorganisms for nutrition, and the EM bacteria are easy to survive and reproduce in the soil, so the EM bacteria can quickly and stably occupy the ecological status in the soil, and form a dominant community of beneficial microorganisms, thereby controlling the reproduction of the pathogenic microorganisms and the attack on crops. Is the development direction of ecological agriculture, and is more beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture. In the late 80 s and early 90 s, EM bacteria have been widely applied to the fields of agriculture, cultivation, planting, environmental protection and the like by Japan, Thailand, Brazil, America, Indonesia, Srilanca and the like, and obvious economic benefit and ecological benefit are obtained.
The above strains are obtained by cultivation of Guangxi academy of sciences.
The invention has the substantive characteristics and remarkable progress that:
1. the inoculation method of the straw mushroom culture medium comprises the steps of inserting a specially-made punched inoculation rod into straw mushroom strains, attaching the straw mushroom strains in a strain groove of the punched inoculation rod, inserting the punched inoculation rod attached with the straw mushroom strains into the culture medium in a linear shape from the surface of the culture medium, and leaving the punched inoculation rod in the culture medium after inserting; the strain can be quickly planted into the culture medium, the probability of strain pollution is reduced, the strain is tightly combined with the culture medium of the fungus bag, the strain input amount of each hole is balanced, the planting depth is also balanced, and the probability of untidy fruiting is reduced; and the inoculation time is three fifths of the traditional inoculation time after the perforation.
2. Crushing branches of Chinese fir, branches of pteridium aquilinum and mulberry and bagasse into particles with the size of below 2 mm; uniformly mixing the crushed Chinese fir branches, bracken mulberry branches and bagasse with Chinese fir sawdust and waste molasses to obtain a mixture, adding mixed bacteria into the mixture, adding water, and uniformly mixing to ensure that the water content of the mixture is 65-70%; the weight ratio of the mixed material to the mixed bacteria is 100 (2-3); the mixed bacteria consist of bacillus subtilis and EM bacteria liquid, and the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the EM bacteria liquid is 1: 1.5; placing the mixture added with the mixed bacteria in a room for natural fermentation for 5-7 days; adding lime powder, stirring, and standing for 2-3 days; obtaining a culture material; placing the culture materials into a plastic bag, and fastening the opening of the bag; stacking and placing the materials into a steam sterilizing pot, sterilizing for 6-10 hours, wherein the steam temperature is 100-; and after the disinfection is finished, taking out the plastic bag filled with the culture material, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain the culture medium, wherein the obtained culture medium is suitable for the growth of straw mushrooms, the fruiting rate is ensured, the fruiting is fast, and hypha is not easy to age. The culture medium is fermented by using bacillus subtilis, EM (effective microorganisms) and lime powder, so that the disease resistance and the anti-infectious capacity of the straw mushroom are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cylindrical segment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cylindrical section strain producing tank;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a hole-punching inoculation rod;
the names of the sequence numbers in the figure are:
1. a cylindrical section; 2. a tip; 3. a strain tank; 4. and (5) punching a seed inoculating rod.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, which are only a part of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
The inoculation of the straw mushroom culture medium can be completed by adopting the following process steps:
(1) filling compost for cultivating straw mushrooms into a plastic bag, fastening the opening of the plastic bag, and sterilizing to obtain a culture medium for later use;
(2) stacking a plurality of bamboo or wooden perforated inoculation rods with a plurality of strain tanks into a sterilization pot, boiling the pot with water for sterilization for 15-30 minutes, taking out and naturally cooling for later use;
(3) inserting the sterilized perforated inoculating rod into a straw mushroom strain, and attaching the straw mushroom strain to a strain groove of the perforated inoculating rod;
(4) inserting the punched inoculation rod attached with the straw mushroom strains into the culture medium in a linear shape from the surface of the culture medium, and leaving the punched inoculation rod in the culture medium after the punched inoculation rod cannot be taken out; inserting a punching inoculation rod every 8-15 cm;
(5) stacking the culture medium inserted with the punched inoculation rod on a culture shelf, wherein the culture medium inserted into one surface of the punched inoculation rod faces upwards, and then completing inoculation;
the preparation process of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 25-35 parts of fir branches, 10-15 parts of fir sawdust, 8-10 parts of fern, 5-8 parts of mulberry branches, 3-5 parts of bagasse, 2-3 parts of waste molasses and 1-1.5 parts of lime powder according to parts by weight;
(2) crushing Chinese fir branches, bracken mulberry branches and bagasse into particles with the size of below 2 mm;
(3) uniformly mixing the crushed Chinese fir branches, bracken mulberry branches and bagasse with Chinese fir sawdust and waste molasses to obtain a mixture, adding mixed bacteria into the mixture, adding water, and uniformly mixing to ensure that the water content of the mixture is 65-70%; the weight ratio of the mixed material to the mixed bacteria is 100 (2-3); the mixed bacteria consist of bacillus subtilis and EM bacteria liquid, and the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the EM bacteria liquid is 1: 1.5;
(4) placing the mixture added with the mixed bacteria in a room for natural fermentation for 5-7 days; adding lime powder, stirring, and standing for 2-3 days; obtaining a culture material;
(5) placing the culture materials into a plastic bag, and fastening the opening of the bag; stacking and placing the materials into a steam sterilizing pot, sterilizing for 6-10 hours, wherein the steam temperature is 100-;
(6) and after the disinfection is finished, taking out the plastic bag filled with the culture material, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain the culture medium.
The preparation process of the punching inoculation rod comprises the following steps:
(1) turning bamboo or wood into cylindrical strips with the diameter of 0.5-1 cm;
(2) cutting the cylindrical bar into a plurality of cylindrical sections 1 with the length of 10-12 cm;
(3) two ends of the cylindrical section 1 are made into pointed ends 2;
(4) respectively manufacturing a plurality of parallel strain grooves 3 which form an angle of 35-50 degrees with the axis of the cylindrical section at two sides of the cylindrical section 1 after the pointed end 2 is manufactured; the width of the strain groove 3 is 3-5 mm, and the depth is 2-3 mm;
(5) cutting off the cylindrical section 1 of the prepared strain tank 3 from the middle to obtain two punching and inoculating rods 4; the number of the strain grooves on the two sides of the punching inoculation rod is ensured to be 5 respectively.
Application examples
1. When the original planting of the straw mushrooms is inoculated, firstly, the mushrooms are punched into the holes by using a stick, and then the strains are manually plugged into the holes, so that 20 bags of culture medium can be inoculated by one person for one hour; the fruiting uniformity is below 70%; later, a yellow certain mushroom is inserted into the straw mushroom strain by using the perforated inoculation rod of the invention, and the straw mushroom strain is attached in the strain groove of the perforated inoculation rod; inserting the punched inoculation rod attached with the straw mushroom strains into the culture medium in a linear shape from the surface of the culture medium, and leaving the punched inoculation rod in the culture medium after the punched inoculation rod cannot be taken out; more than 35 bags can be inoculated by one person per hour; the fruiting uniformity rate is more than 95%; the fruiting amount per day is counted to be 3.25% more than that of the fruiting amount inoculated after the first hole digging, and the fruiting can be harvested for 5 days more.
The above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An inoculation method of a straw mushroom culture medium is characterized in that: the inoculation step is as follows:
1) filling compost for cultivating straw mushrooms into a plastic bag, fastening the opening of the plastic bag, and sterilizing to obtain a culture medium for later use; the preparation process of the culture medium comprises the following steps: a. taking 25-35 parts of fir branches, 10-15 parts of fir sawdust, 8-10 parts of fern, 5-8 parts of mulberry branches, 3-5 parts of bagasse, 2-3 parts of waste molasses and 1-1.5 parts of lime powder according to parts by weight; b. crushing Chinese fir branches, bracken mulberry branches and bagasse into particles with the size of below 2 mm; c. uniformly mixing the crushed Chinese fir branches, bracken mulberry branches and bagasse with Chinese fir sawdust and waste molasses to obtain a mixture, adding mixed bacteria into the mixture, adding water, and uniformly mixing to ensure that the water content of the mixture is 65-70%; the weight ratio of the mixed material to the mixed bacteria is 100 (2-3); the mixed bacteria consist of bacillus subtilis and EM bacteria liquid, and the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the EM bacteria liquid is 1: 1.5; d. placing the mixture added with the mixed bacteria in a room for natural fermentation for 5-7 days; adding lime powder, stirring, and standing for 2-3 days; obtaining a culture material; e. placing the culture materials into a plastic bag, and fastening the opening of the bag; stacking and placing the materials into a steam sterilizing pot, sterilizing for 6-10 hours, wherein the steam temperature is 100-; f. after the disinfection is finished, the plastic bag filled with the culture material is taken out, and is naturally cooled to normal temperature, so that a culture medium is obtained, the obtained culture medium is suitable for the growth of the straw mushrooms, the fruiting rate is ensured, the fruiting is fast, hyphae are not easy to age, and the culture medium is fermented by using bacillus subtilis, EM (effective microorganism) strains and lime powder, so that the disease resistance and the anti-infectious capacity of the straw mushrooms are improved;
2) sterilizing a plurality of bamboo or wooden punching inoculation rods with a plurality of strain tanks for later use; the preparation process of the punching inoculation rod comprises the following steps: a. turning bamboo or wood into cylindrical strips with the diameter of 0.5-1 cm; b. cutting the cylindrical bar into a plurality of cylindrical sections (1) with the length of 10-12 cm; c. two ends of the cylindrical section (1) are made into pointed ends (2); d. respectively manufacturing a plurality of parallel strain grooves (3) which form an angle of 35-50 degrees with the axis of the cylindrical section at two sides of the cylindrical section (1) after the pointed end (2) is manufactured; the width of the strain grooves (3) is 3-5 mm, the depth is 2-3 mm, and the spacing distance of the strain grooves (3) is 2-3 mm; e. cutting off the cylindrical section (1) of the prepared strain groove (3) from the middle to obtain two punching and inoculating rods (4); 4-5 strain grooves are respectively arranged on the two sides of the punching inoculation rod;
3) inserting the sterilized perforated inoculating rod into a straw mushroom strain, and attaching the straw mushroom strain to a strain groove of the perforated inoculating rod; the sterilization of the perforated inoculation rod is that the perforated inoculation rod is placed in a sterilization pot, and the pot is boiled with water for 15 to 30 minutes;
4) inserting the punched inoculation rod attached with the straw mushroom strains into the culture medium in a linear shape from the surface of the culture medium, and leaving the punched inoculation rod in the culture medium after the punched inoculation rod cannot be taken out; inserting a punching inoculation rod every 8-15 cm; the strain can be quickly planted into the culture medium, the probability of strain pollution is reduced, the strain is tightly combined with the culture medium of the fungus bag, the strain input amount of each hole is balanced, the planting depth is also balanced, and the probability of untidy fruiting is reduced;
5) and stacking the culture medium inserted with the punched inoculation rod on a culture shelf, wherein the culture medium inserted into one surface of the punched inoculation rod faces upwards, and then completing inoculation.
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