Background technology
Straw mushroom, Classification system:Volvariella volvacea (Bull.:Fr.) Sing., also known as Volvariella volvacen, luxuriant pin
In Nanhua Temple of the mushroom originating from Guangdong Shaoguan, 300 Nian Qian China have started to artificial cultivation, are passed in the about thirties in 20th century by overseas Chinese
Enter countries in the world, be a kind of important tropical and subtropical zone mushroom class, be that the third-largest culturing edible fungus, China's straw mushroom yield occupy in the world
First of the world, South China is distributed mainly on.Straw mushroom is nutritious, delicious flavour.What straw mushroom was rotted because being usually grown in humidity
Gained the name in straw, originate in Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces, Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan more.Loose, meat thickness, handle are short, smooth, and taste is extremely beautiful, therefore has " orchid
Mushroom ", the title of " delicious food bind foot mushroom ".Straw mushroom is a kind of S fungi.Fresh mushroom meat fertilizer is tender, and flavor is delicious, is the delicious food that feast is foretold
Delicacies.Fresh grass mushroom is nutritious, per 100g fresh mushrooms vitamin C containing 207.7mg, 2.6g sugars, 2.68g crude protein, 2.24g fat
Fat, 0.91g ash contents.Straw mushroom protein contains 18 kinds of amino acid, and wherein essential amino acid accounts for 40.47-44.47%.In addition, also contain
A variety of mineral elements such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium.Therefore, straw mushroom is very popular as a kind of health food and high-grade vegetables.Its
Product can both be sold with fresh, can also tank processed, quick-frozen and drying, be a kind of edible fungi of great development prospect, and China goes out
The key farm products that mouth is earned foreign exchange.
In order to meet the market demand, people have invented the bacterium bag cultivation that can improve straw mushroom yield, are to load culture medium
Cultivating bag, after being sterilized, then strain is seeded in culture medium.In order to promote mycelia to cover with bacterium bag as early as possible, people start to adopt
With wood, card punch made of iron staff, upper middle part made of plastics is used as inoculation hole fixer that cylinder, bottom are cone
Punched temporarily in bacterium bag in inoculation, strain is accessed in hollow hole.First punch and carry out strain inoculation pollution probability height again;Bacterium
Kind is big with the gap of cultivating in a fungus bag base, and fruiting is irregular and inoculation efficiency is low.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of inoculation method of straw mushroom medium, this method inoculation efficiency is high and can reduce bacterium
Kind inoculation pollution probability.
The present invention is realized using following technical scheme:
A kind of inoculation method of straw mushroom medium, inoculation step include:
(1)The compost of cultivating straw mushroom is loaded in polybag, sack is tightened, culture medium is obtained after sterilizing, it is standby;
(2)The multiple bamboo or wooden punching loop-carrier with multiple strain grooves is sterilized, it is standby;
(3)By in the punching loop-carrier insertion straw mushroom strain after sterilization, straw mushroom strain is allowed to be attached in the strain groove of punching loop-carrier;
(4)Punching loop-carrier with straw mushroom strain is submerged into culture medium from the face of culture medium in linear insert, can not after insertion
Punching loop-carrier is taken out, allows it to stay in culture medium;Distance every 8-15cm inserts a punching loop-carrier;
(5)The culture medium pile for punching loop-carrier will be plugged on culturing rack, insertion punches the culture medium of loop-carrier one side upward,
It can complete to be inoculated with;
The preparation process of described culture medium is:
(1)Chinese fir branch 25-35 parts, China fir sawdust 10-15 parts, fernwort 8-10 parts, mulberry branch 5-8 parts, sweet are taken by weight
Bagasse 3-5 parts, blackstrap 2-3 parts and pulverized limestone 1-1.5 parts;
(2)Chinese fir branch, fernwort mulberry branch and bagasse powder are broken into the particle of less than 2 millimeters sizes;
(3)Chinese fir branch after crushing, fernwort mulberry branch and bagasse are well mixed to obtain with China fir sawdust and blackstrap
Compound, then Mixed Microbes are added into compound, and add water and be well mixed, it is 65-70% to make mixture moisture content;Compound
Weight ratio with Mixed Microbes is 100:(2-3);Mixed Microbes are made up of bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium solutions, bacillus subtilis and EM
The weight ratio of bacterium solution is 1:1.5;
(4)After the compound for adding Mixed Microbes is placed on into Indoor Natural fermentation 5-7 days;It is uniform to add lime powder and stirring, stands
2-3 days;Obtain compost;
(5)Compost is put into polybag, tightens sack;Pile is put into steam sterilizing pan, sterilizes 6-10 hours, steam temperature
Spend for 100-120 DEG C;
(6)After sterilization terminates, the polybag equipped with compost is taken out, normal temperature is naturally cooled to, produces culture medium.
Preferably:Described punching loop-carrier sterilization is placed in sterilizing pan, and boiling in pot is opened into sterilization 15-30 minutes.
The preparation process of described punching loop-carrier is:
(1)Bamboo material or timber are lathed to a diameter of 0.5-1 centimetres of cylindrical bars;
(2)Cylindrical bars are truncated into the cylindrical section of more 10-12 centimeter lengths;
(3)Tip is made in cylindrical section both ends;
(4)By be made the cylindrical section both sides after tip make respectively it is multiple it is parallel with cylindrical section axis be in 35-50 degree angle strains
Groove;The width of strain groove is 3-5 millimeters, and depth is 2-3 millimeters, and the spacing distance of strain groove is 2-3 millimeters;
(5)The cylindrical section for making strain groove is cut off from centre, you can obtain two punching loop-carriers.
Preferably:The strain groove of punching loop-carrier both sides is respectively 4-5.
Fernwort is perennial herb.High reachable 60 centimetres, most leaves are that base is given birth to, and long ellipticity lanceolar, are had deep mixed
Runcinate, it is long 12 centimetres~25 centimetres, it is wide 5 centimetres~8 centimetres.Petiole grows 12 centimetres~20 centimetres.Capitulum Dan Sheng, directly
The cm of footpath 8 centimetres~12, there is the color such as white, yellow, orange red, red, active gorgeous.Fernwort belongs to pteridophyte, fern (Fern)
It is that the low land in period in the devonian period grows the general name of wooden plant.Fernwort is seen everywhere on the hillside of Guangxi, and resource is quite rich.
Ramulus mori, Classification system:Morus alba L, be the branches and leaves of mulberry tree, ramulus mori, mulberry shoot, RAMULUS MORI, general name.Fallen leaves
Shrub or dungarunga, high 3-15m.Bark canescence, there is strip is shallow to split;Root skin yellowish-brown or reddish yellow, fibroid are strong.Single leaf is mutual
It is raw;The long l-2.5cm of petiole;Blade is avette or width egg shape, and long 5-20cm, wide 4-10cm, tip is sharp sharp or tapering, basal circular or
Near heart-shaped, there are rough sawn tooth or knuckle-tooth in edge, there is irregular division sometimes, above it is hairless, it is glossy, below have undercoat on arteries and veins,
Hairiness between armpit, base go out 3, arteries and veins and reticulated with thready pulse intertexture, and the back side is more apparent;Stipule lanceolar, it is caducous.
Bagasse is the accessory substance of cane sugar factory, is all as fuel or paper making raw material all the time, causes resource
It is a large amount of to waste.The present invention uses bagasse to prepare White mushroom planting material for raw material, belongs to the item of turning waste into wealth of leftover bits and pieces recycling
Mesh, waste residue is not discharged externally, it is green;Contain substantial amounts of cellulose, the bagasse after everfermentation, crude fibre in bagasse
Can degrade, crude protein can improve, and its nutritive value is improved, formed White mushroom bacterium germination and growth needed for albumen and
Nutrient.
Described bacillus subtilis, Classification system:Bacillussubtilis, be bacillus one kind.Withered grass
0.7~0.8 × 2~3 microns of bacillus individual cells, uniform coloring.Without pod membrane, peritrichous, can move.Gram-positive
Bacterium, 0.6~0.9 × 1.0~1.5 microns of gemma, ellipse arrive column, central or slightly inclined positioned at thalline, and thalline is not after sporulation
Expand.Bacterium colony rough surface is opaque, dirty white or slightly yellow, and when being grown in liquid medium within, wrinkle mould is commonly formed.Withered grass bud
Spore bacillus has stronger protease, amylase and lipase active, can be active enzyme by internal activation of zymogen, can also divide
- serial other enzymes are secreted, such as pectase, dextranase, cellulase, can help to decompose the thing such as SNSP in plant feed
Matter, the present invention decompose the thick of pine tree branch, China fir sawdust, mulberry branch, corn ear slag and bagasse using bacillus subtilis
Fiber, form albumen and nutrient of the straw mushroom bacterium germination needed for growth.
EM bacterium(Effective Microorganisms)It is into EM bacterium are big by Japanese Ryukyu by about 80 kinds of microorganism groups
Ratio is good to be studied successfully professor's nineteen eighty-two according to husband, is put goods on the market the eighties.EM bacterium are with photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast
A kind of micro- life bacteria preparation that more than 80 microorganisms of 10 category based on bacterium and actinomyces are combined.The mechanism of action is to form EM
Bacterium and the competition of pathogenic microorganism contention nutrition, because EM bacterium easily live and reproduce in soil, so can it is very fast and stably
Occupy the ecologic niche in soil, form the advantage group of beneficial microbial bacteria, so as to control the breeding of pathogenic microorganism and
Invasion and attack to crop.It is the developing direction of the ecological agriculture, is more beneficial for the sustainable development of agricultural.The beginning of the nineties at the end of the eighties,
EM bacterium by the states such as Japan, Thailand, Brazil, the U.S., Indonesia, Sri Lanka be widely used in agricultural, cultivation, plantation,
The fields such as environmental protection, achieve obvious economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Above-mentioned strain is cultivated to obtain by Guangxi Academy Of Sciences.
The present invention substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement be:
1st, using in special punching loop-carrier insertion straw mushroom strain, straw mushroom strain is attached to be beaten the inoculation method of this straw mushroom medium
In the strain groove of hole loop-carrier, the punching loop-carrier with straw mushroom strain is submerged into culture from the face of culture medium in linear insert
Base, punching loop-carrier can not be taken out after insertion, allows it to stay in culture medium;Strain can be planted quickly in culture medium, reduce bacterium
The contaminated probability of kind, and strain is combined closely with cultivating in a fungus bag base, the strain kind per cave enters amount equilibrium, plants also equal into depth
Weighing apparatus, reduce the irregular probability of fruiting;And inoculation time is that tradition first punches 3/5ths of the inoculation time being inoculated with afterwards.
2nd, Chinese fir branch, fernwort mulberry branch and bagasse powder are broken into the particle of less than 2 millimeters sizes by the application;By powder
Chinese fir branch, fernwort mulberry branch and bagasse after broken are well mixed to obtain compound with China fir sawdust and blackstrap, then to
Mixed Microbes are added in compound, and adds water and is well mixed, it is 65-70% to make mixture moisture content;The weight of compound and Mixed Microbes
Amount is than being 100:(2-3);Mixed Microbes are made up of bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium solutions, the weight ratio of bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium solutions
For 1:1.5;After the compound for adding Mixed Microbes is placed on into Indoor Natural fermentation 5-7 days;It is uniform to add lime powder and stirring, stands
2-3 days;Obtain compost;Compost is put into polybag, tightens sack;Pile is put into steam sterilizing pan, sterilizes 6-10
Hour, vapor (steam) temperature is 100-120 DEG C;After sterilization terminates, the polybag equipped with compost is taken out, naturally cools to normal temperature,
Culture medium is produced, obtained culture medium is adapted to straw mushroom growth, ensures cultivating rate, and fruiting is fast, and mycelia is non-aging.Culture medium profit
Fermented with bacillus subtilis, EM strains and pulverized limestone, and improved the disease-resistant and anti-miscellaneous bacteria infection ability of straw mushroom.
Embodiment 1
The inoculation of straw mushroom medium can be completed using following processing step:
(1)The compost of cultivating straw mushroom is loaded in polybag, sack is tightened, culture medium is obtained after sterilizing, it is standby;
(2)The multiple bamboo or wooden punching loop-carrier pile with multiple strain grooves is put into sterilizing pan, by water in pot
Sterilization 15-30 minutes are boiled, it is standby to take out natural cooling;
(3)By in the punching loop-carrier insertion straw mushroom strain after sterilization, straw mushroom strain is allowed to be attached in the strain groove of punching loop-carrier;
(4)Punching loop-carrier with straw mushroom strain is submerged into culture medium from the face of culture medium in linear insert, can not after insertion
Punching loop-carrier is taken out, allows it to stay in culture medium;Distance every 8-15cm inserts a punching loop-carrier;
(5)The culture medium pile for punching loop-carrier will be plugged on culturing rack, insertion punches the culture medium of loop-carrier one side upward,
It can complete to be inoculated with;
The preparation process of described culture medium is:
(1)Chinese fir branch 25-35 parts, China fir sawdust 10-15 parts, fernwort 8-10 parts, mulberry branch 5-8 parts, sweet are taken by weight
Bagasse 3-5 parts, blackstrap 2-3 parts and pulverized limestone 1-1.5 parts;
(2)Chinese fir branch, fernwort mulberry branch and bagasse powder are broken into the particle of less than 2 millimeters sizes;
(3)Chinese fir branch after crushing, fernwort mulberry branch and bagasse are well mixed to obtain with China fir sawdust and blackstrap
Compound, then Mixed Microbes are added into compound, and add water and be well mixed, it is 65-70% to make mixture moisture content;Compound
Weight ratio with Mixed Microbes is 100:(2-3);Mixed Microbes are made up of bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium solutions, bacillus subtilis and EM
The weight ratio of bacterium solution is 1:1.5;
(4)After the compound for adding Mixed Microbes is placed on into Indoor Natural fermentation 5-7 days;It is uniform to add lime powder and stirring, stands
2-3 days;Obtain compost;
(5)Compost is put into polybag, tightens sack;Pile is put into steam sterilizing pan, sterilizes 6-10 hours, steam temperature
Spend for 100-120 DEG C;
(6)After sterilization terminates, the polybag equipped with compost is taken out, normal temperature is naturally cooled to, produces culture medium.
The preparation process of described punching loop-carrier is:
(1)Bamboo material or timber are lathed to a diameter of 0.5-1 centimetres of cylindrical bars;
(2)Cylindrical bars are truncated into the cylindrical section 1 of more 10-12 centimeter lengths;
(3)Tip 2 is made in the both ends of cylindrical section 1;
(4)By be made the both sides of cylindrical section 1 after tip 2 make respectively it is multiple it is parallel with cylindrical section axis be in 35-50 degree angle bacterium
Kind groove 3;The width of strain groove 3 is 3-5 millimeters, and depth is 2-3 millimeters;
(5)The cylindrical section 1 for making strain groove 3 is cut off from centre, you can obtain two punching loop-carriers 4;Ensure punching inoculation
The strain groove of rod both sides is respectively 5.
Application Example
1st, Jinxiu Yao ethnic group in Guangxi province autonomous county Huang, original to plant straw mushroom first struck with a stick behind cave in inoculation, manually will
Strain is filled in cave, and a people can be inoculated with 20 bag culture mediums in one hour;The neat rate of fruiting is less than 70%;Later Huang utilizes
In the punching loop-carrier insertion straw mushroom strain of the present invention, straw mushroom strain is allowed to be attached in the strain groove of punching loop-carrier;To have grass
The punching loop-carrier of mushroom strains submerges culture medium from the face of culture medium in linear insert, and punching loop-carrier can not be taken out after insertion,
It is allowed to stay in culture medium;One people can be inoculated with more than 35 bags per hour;The neat rate of fruiting is more than 95%;Go out daily through statistics
Mushroom amount can receive 5 days mushrooms more than first beating behind cave 3.25% more than the fruiting amount being inoculated with.
Described above is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to examples detailed above, the art it is general
Logical technical staff, in the essential scope of the present invention, the variations, modifications, additions or substitutions made, it should all belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.