CN107587250B - 一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物 - Google Patents

一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物 Download PDF

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CN107587250B
CN107587250B CN201610541297.1A CN201610541297A CN107587250B CN 107587250 B CN107587250 B CN 107587250B CN 201610541297 A CN201610541297 A CN 201610541297A CN 107587250 B CN107587250 B CN 107587250B
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陶肖明
刘世瑞
梁丽娟
黄鑫鑫
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Hong Kong Research Institute of Textiles and Apparel Ltd
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Abstract

一种抗菌可生物降解针织物，针织物横截面包括由毛型短纤维纱线制成的横截面前边、能够疏导水分的横截面中间连接层及由抗菌长丝构成的横截面后边；所述横截面中间连接层是具有特殊横截面形状的长丝纱，能够插入横截面前边和横截面后边，使得横截面前边与横截面后边连接起来；本发明提出的可生物降解的抗菌针织物采用的三层横截面结构以及抗菌性材料，与传统技术相比，具有长时间显著的抗菌作用，并且它不包含任何抗菌剂和金属离子，而且具有造价低廉，易于制造的优点。

Description

一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物。
背景技术
在低碳的21世纪，人们更倾向于延展性强、透气性好、时尚靓丽的轻柔衣物，然而人们每天在生活、学习、工作的地方穿各种各样的衣物，接触到多种细菌，由于其渗水和透气形状以及高分子物理结构，衣物会滋生许多对人体有害的微生物，因此，亟待我们研究出抗菌性衣物来维护人们的健康。现代社会注重资源的循环利用，可降解性产品的出现实现了绿色生产。
目前，人们越来越重视利用防治技术来制造具有抗菌性的衣服，专利CN104260538A公开了一种利用疏水涂层的棉纤维物，织物包括基础层和抗菌层两部分，抗菌层是利用抗菌效果较好的经纬交织连接的纳米银纤维材料制成的，但是这种纳米银纤维材料的抗菌性能持续时间短，而且造价昂贵。
专利CN104757724A公开了一种壳聚糖/棉纤维为外层和聚丙烯纤维为内层的吸湿快干的针织面料。壳聚糖与棉纤维的混纺比为20∶80，内部聚丙烯纤维层采用75D/72F DTY聚丙烯纤维，壳聚糖与棉纤维具有很强的吸湿性与聚丙烯纤维的天然导湿功能相结合，使得内层的聚丙烯纤维的水分顺利传输到外层，这样内层就保持了干燥和舒适。该发明具有快干特性，而壳聚糖纤维是一种天然抗菌材料，使得本发明还具有额外的天然抗菌功能，然而，该发明繁冗的生产过程、复杂的制造工艺，高成本的原材料以及可选择原材料范围相对较窄等缺点限制了其在纺织材料领域的广泛应用。
专利US 2014/0171890 A1公开了一种抗菌织物的制造方法，通过在竹浆中加入一种纳米银颗粒，使它具有抗菌性能。该方法可广泛用于床垫，衣物和床单织物等，然而，本发明也有一些缺陷，如织物抗菌的持久性差，同时纳米银粒子对消费者的健康有一定的影响。
专利WO2008140337 A1公开了具有抗菌防静电和紫外线性能的织物，同样地，也存在织物抗菌持久性差的问题，而且在生产过程会产生污染，不符合当代绿色生产的主题。
发明内容
本发明针对现有抗菌织物的加工技术，利用化学物质或加入银离子后抗菌效果持续时间短以及生产过程产生污染的问题，提出一种抗菌可生物降解针织物，横截面包括由毛型短纤维纱线制成的横截面前边、能够疏导水分的横截面中间连接层及由抗菌长丝构成的横截面后边；所述横截面中间连接层是具有能够插入横截面前边和横截面后边的特殊截面形状的长丝，使得横截面前边与横截面后边连接起来。
根据本发明所述的一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物，所述可生物降解的抗菌针织物采用6行复合针织结构。
根据本发明所述的一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物，所述6行复合针织结构的第一行、第四行构成所述横截面前边，第二行、第五行是所述横截面后边，第三行、第六行是所述横截面中间连接层。
根据本发明所述的一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物，所述横截面前边构成针织衣物的外面，所述横截面后边构成针织衣物的里面，所述横截面中间连接层构成针织衣物的中间部分，所述中间连接部分用来连接针织物的外面与里面和疏导水分。
根据本发明所述的一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物，所述横截面前边采用羊毛短纤维纱线材料，所述横截面中间连接层是由具有抗菌功能的聚乳酸和聚3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-羟基戊酸酯的共聚物的共混纤维制成的特殊截面形状的长丝纱线制成的，所述横截面后边是由具有抗菌功能的聚乳酸和聚3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-羟基戊酸酯的共聚物的共混纤维制成的。
根据本发明所述的一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物，所述抗菌长丝纱线可以是合成纤维长丝纱线，天然纤维和化学纤维混纺纱中的一种，而抗菌的中间部分疏导水分长丝纱线可以是聚乳酸长丝纱线、赛络菲尔纺纱纱线中的一种。
根据本发明所述的一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物，所述可生物降解针织物里面对白色念球菌(CA)的杀菌率＞99％，对金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)、化脓链球菌(SP)的杀菌率＞99.97。
有益效果
传统的抗菌面料或者使用化学品或添加银离子达到抗菌的效果对消费者的健康有不良影响，这些方法和抗菌效果不会持续很长时间，或者在抗菌织物的处理也添加了一些抗菌药物，这将对纤维和织物造成一定程度的污染，或者传统的抗菌织物的原料成本过高，这限制了抗菌织物的应用，本发明提出的可生物降解的抗菌针织物采用的三层横截面结构以及抗菌性材料的选用，与传统技术相比，具有长时间显著的抗菌作用，并且它不包含任何抗菌剂和金属离子，而且具有造价低廉，易于制造以及抗菌效果持久的优点。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图1是本发明中可生物降解的抗菌针织物横截面示意图
图2是本发明中可生物降解的抗菌针织物针织结构示意图
图3是本发明中可生物降解的抗菌针织物抗菌效果示意图
具体实施方式
图1是本发明中可生物降解的抗菌针织物横截面100示意图，图2是本发明中可生物降解的抗菌针织物针织结构200示意图，请参考图1-图2，可生物降解的抗菌针织物横截面100包括三个部分，横截面前边101、中间连接层102及针织物横截面后边103，横截面前边101由毛型短纤维纱线制成，用来构成针织物的外面，横截面中间连接层102具有特殊的物理结构，例如具有三叶草结构，能够插入到针织物横截面前边101和横截面后边103，用以连接针织物横截面前边101和横截面后边103，而且针织物的中间连接层还具有疏导水分的功能，横截面后边103是由具有抗菌功能的长丝纱制成的。
可生物降解的抗菌针织物横截面中间连接层102由抗菌材料制成的具有特殊截面形状的长丝纤维，特殊截面形状如三叶草结构使得横截面前边101和横截面后边103连接起来，抗菌材料采用聚乳酸和聚3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-羟基戊酸酯的共聚物的共混纤维，横截面中间连接层102不仅具有连接功能，而且具有抗菌、疏水的功能，横截面后边103由抗菌材料制成的长丝纤维，抗菌材料采用聚乳酸和聚3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-羟基戊酸酯的共聚物的共混纤维，能够实现针织物的抗菌功能。
请参考图2，抗菌可生物降解针织物采用6行复合针织结构，6行复合针织结构的第一行201、第四行204是可生物降解针织物的横截面前边101，第二行202、第五行205是可生物降解针织物的横截面后边103，第三行203、第六行206是可生物降解针织物的横截面中间连接层102，横截面中间连接层102用来连接可生物降解针织物的由自然的毛型短纤维制成的横截面前边101与由抗菌材料制成的长丝纱线的横截面后边103，使得针织物既有自然毛型短纤维的功用，又有长丝纤维纱线的抗菌功能。
根据本发明所述的一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物，所述可生物降解针织物横截面前边101构成针织物的外面，所述可生物降解针织物横截面后边103构成针织物的里面，所述可生物降解针织物横截面中间连接层102构成针织物的中间部分，所述中间部分用来连接针织物的外面与里面和疏导水分。
传统的抗菌面料或者使用化学品或添加银离子达到抗菌的效果对消费者的健康有不良影响，这些方法和抗菌效果不会持续很长时间，或者在抗菌织物的处理也添加了一些抗菌药物，这将对纤维和织物造成一定程度的污染，或者传统的抗菌织物的原料成本过高，这限制了抗菌织物的应用。本发明提出的可生物降解的抗菌长丝纱线，也可以是合成纤维长丝纱，天然纤维和化学纤维混纺纱中的一种，而抗菌的中间部分疏导水分长丝纱线也可以是聚乳酸长丝纱线、赛络菲尔纺纱纱线中的一种，因此本发明提出的可生物降解的抗菌针织物采用的三层横截面结构以及抗菌性材料的选用，使其具有造价低廉，易于制造以及抗菌效果持久的优点，可以应用到普通服装制造、医疗保健织物、交通运输织物、航空航天织物等领域。
图3是本发明中可生物降解的抗菌针织物抗菌效果示意图，测试本发明提出的可生物降解的抗菌针织物抗菌效果，使用的抗菌性能测试标准是AATCC100-2012，采用我们常见的细菌种类进行测试，采用金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)、化脓链球菌(SP)和白色念珠菌(CA)，图3所示的内层织物对三种常见细菌的抗菌效果超过99％，尤其是金黄色葡萄球菌和化脓链球菌的抗菌效果更好，超过99.97％。
虽然以上描述了本发明的实施例，应当理解，其目的仅在于举例说明本发明，而不是对本发明的限制。本领域的技术人员知悉，在不离开本发明的精神和范围情况下，在形式上和细节上还可做各种的改变。因此，本发明的保护范围不当仅局限于以上描述的实施例，而应该依照权利要求及其等同来限定。

Claims (3)

1.一种可生物降解的抗菌针织物，其特征在于，横截面(100)包括毛型短纤维纱线制成的横截面前边(101)、能疏导水分的横截面中间连接层(102)及由抗菌长丝构成的横截面后边(103)；所述横截面中间连接层(102)是具有能够插入横截面前边(101)和横截面后边(103)的特殊截面形状的长丝纱，使得横截面前边(101)与横截面后边(103)连接起来，形成两面纱线和效应不同的双面织物；
所述可生物降解的抗菌针织物采用6行复合针织结构(200)；
所述6行复合针织结构(200)的第一行(201)、第四行(204)构成所述横截面前边(101)，第二行(202)、第五行(205)是所述横截面后边(103)，第三行(203)、第六行(206)是所述横截面中间连接层(102)；
所述横截面前边(101)采用羊毛短纤维材料，所述横截面中间连接层(102)是由具有抗菌功能的聚3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-羟基戊酸酯和聚乳酸的共聚物的共混纤维制成的特殊截面形状的长丝纱线，所述横截面后边(103)是由具有抗菌功能的聚3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-羟基戊酸酯和聚乳酸的共聚物的共混纤维制成的；特殊截面形状为三叶草结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述可生物降解的抗菌针织物，其特征在于，所述横截面前边(101)构成针织衣物的外面，所述横截面后边(103)构成针织衣物的里面，所述横截面中间连接层(102)构成针织衣物的中间连接部分，所述中间连接部分用来连接针织物的外面与里面和疏导水分。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任何一项所述可生物降解的抗菌针织物，其特征在于，所述可生物降解的抗菌针织物里面对白色念球菌(CA)的杀菌率＞99％，对金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)、化脓链球菌(SP)的杀菌率＞99.97％。
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