CN107556137B - Equipment for ecological preparation method of efficient decomposed fertilizer - Google Patents
Equipment for ecological preparation method of efficient decomposed fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN107556137B CN107556137B CN201710842159.1A CN201710842159A CN107556137B CN 107556137 B CN107556137 B CN 107556137B CN 201710842159 A CN201710842159 A CN 201710842159A CN 107556137 B CN107556137 B CN 107556137B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of compost, and particularly discloses equipment for an ecological preparation method of an efficient decomposed fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: (A) preparing compost: (A1) and (3) first fermentation: taking 200 portions of animal waste, 300 portions of 200 portions of wood bran, 20-30 portions of humic acid, 40-50 portions of ferrous sulfate, 200 portions of water and 150 portions of crushed and purified food waste, and putting the materials into a compost box; stirring, sealing and fermenting for 9-12 days; (A2) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding a fermenting agent and sugar into the compost bin; continuing fermenting for 5-8 days; (B) preparing nutrient slurry: taking 50-70 parts of bean dregs, 20-30 parts of rotten vegetables and fruits, 10-30 parts of sugar, 10-20 parts of orange peel and 70-100 parts of water; mixing, pulverizing, placing into pulping barrel, adding starter, stirring, sealing, and fermenting for 5-8 days; (C) and (3) sterilization process: adding 80-100 parts of 80-90% lemon water into the compost bin; continuously stirring and stacking for 1 hour, and standing for 3-6 hours; (D) mixing and fermenting: adding water into the compost bin to neutralize citric acid, and adding zeolite and nutrient slurry; the filling frame is inserted into the compost leavening; fermenting for 3-5 days; (E) separating and filtering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of decomposed fertilizers, in particular to equipment for an ecological preparation method of an efficient decomposed fertilizer.
Background
The existing composting equipment generally comprises a barrel body, a cover body arranged on the barrel body and a stirring device arranged in the barrel body. The prior composting device has the following disadvantages: (1) can only realize sealing and stirring, and has single structure and function. (2) The stirring device is generally connected with the cover body or directly arranged on the barrel body, so that the occupied space is large and the cleaning is inconvenient. (3) The discharging is generally that a discharging hole is arranged at the bottom of the barrel body, so that discharging is not thorough. (4) When the materials with larger particles need to be separated, the materials can be manually screened only, so that the operation is inconvenient, and time and labor are wasted.
The existing composting method structure is that various materials are directly mixed and directly fermented for about 45 to 60 days to prepare the thoroughly decomposed fertilizer. But the material that different materials contain is different, and the time that leads to fermenting needs also can have the difference, and harmful bacterium and the beneficial bacterium that breed are all different in the fermentation process, especially can have a large amount of harmful bacterium in the animal manure, do not get rid of and can exert an influence to the quality of fermentation effect and thoroughly decomposed fertilizer, and the antibacterial chemical article that adds then can cause the influence to the environment, has also restrained beneficial bacterium simultaneously, is unfavorable for going on of fermentation, and still can reduce the quality of thoroughly decomposed fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides equipment for the ecological preparation method of the high-efficiency decomposed fertilizer, shortens the fertilizer preparation time and can effectively improve the fertility of the decomposed fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an ecological preparation method of a high-efficiency decomposed fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(A) preparing compost:
(A1) and (3) first fermentation: taking 200 portions of animal waste, 300 portions of 200 portions of wood bran, 20-30 portions of humic acid, 40-50 portions of ferrous sulfate, 200 portions of water and 150 portions of crushed and purified food waste, and putting the materials into a compost box; uniformly stirring the materials in the compost box; sealing the compost box, fermenting for 9-12 days, and exhausting once every 4-6 hours;
(A2) and (3) secondary fermentation: opening the compost box, and pouring 10-30 parts of leavening agent and 10-20 parts of sugar into the compost box; stirring the materials uniformly again; sealing the compost box, continuing to perform sealed fermentation, and exhausting once every 4-6 hours; forming compost fermentation substances for later use after 5-8 days;
(B) preparing nutrient slurry: the step is carried out while the step (A2) is carried out, and 50-70 parts of bean dregs, 20-30 parts of rotten vegetables and fruits, 10-30 parts of sugar, 10-20 parts of orange peel and 70-100 parts of water are taken; mixing and crushing, putting into a pulping barrel, adding 1-3 parts of a leavening agent, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting, exhausting gas once every 3-6 hours, and forming nutrient pulp for later use after 5-8 days;
(C) and (3) sterilization process: opening the compost box, and pouring 80-100 parts of lemonade with the concentration of 80-90% into the compost box; continuously stirring the compost fermentation material for 1 hour, standing for 3-6 hours, and removing harmful bacteria;
(D) mixing and fermenting: pouring 100-150 parts of water into the compost bin, neutralizing citric acid, then adding 50-80 parts of zeolite, uniformly stirring, and pouring nutrient slurry; then inserting the filling frame into the compost leavening; ventilating, and fermenting for 3-5 days; preparing a mixed material;
(E) separation and filtration: then the filling frame is pulled out, the leak-proof plate at the bottom of the compost box is pulled out, only a separation net is left at the bottom of the compost box, the mixed materials are stirred and pressed down, the mixed materials are pushed to enter a discharging device through the separation net, and the zeolite is left on the separation net until all the mixed materials are separated; the mixed material entering the discharging device is the decomposed fertilizer.
The invention separately ferments the nutrient pulp and the compost, and further separately ferments according to the fermentation time of different substances, the content of harmful bacteria and the requirement of fermentation environment, fully ferments the materials in the shortest time, and can effectively avoid the insufficient fermentation of partial substances, reduce the fertility of the materials and be not beneficial to the growth of plants.
In the compost preparation process, food waste contains a large amount of nutrient substances and can be used as a fertilizer for plants after being decomposed; however, even if the food waste is crushed and purified, a large amount of grease and other factors which are not beneficial to the survival of microorganisms such as yeast and the like are still contained in the food waste, the effect of direct fermentation is poor, and the food waste cannot be sufficiently decomposed after being decomposed for a long time, generally 3-5 months, by the microorganisms, the yeast and the like; when the fertilizer is used for soil improvement at the later stage, the soil is breathable and permeable, the effect is poor, the plant growth is hindered, and even the environment is influenced; animal manure contains a large amount of harmful bacteria, the harmful bacteria are not beneficial to fermentation of materials and can also influence the fertility of the materials, sawdust is difficult to decompose, the fermentation in a common mode consumes a large amount of time, generally 3-4 months, and the fermentation effect is difficult to ensure;
the invention firstly carries out the early-stage treatment on the animal excrement, the sawdust and the food waste, adds humic acid, ferrous sulfate and water to accelerate the decomposition of the animal excrement and the sawdust and the food waste to form substances which are favorable for the decomposition of microorganisms and yeasts. Then adding a leaven to further accelerate the decomposition and fermentation of animal wastes, sawdust and food wastes; harmful bacteria in animal waste, sawdust and food waste are removed through a sterilization process, and the bacteria are difficult to survive in a high-concentration lemon water environment; and the lemon water is adopted, so that the environment is protected; after the high-concentration lemon water is diluted, microorganisms such as saccharomycetes and the like can normally survive, and the microorganisms can decompose nutrient substances in the lemon to enhance the fertility of the material; meanwhile, the lemon water has faint scent and has a deodorization effect.
The bean dregs, the rotten vegetables and fruits and the orange peels do not contain fat grease, the required fermentation time is similar, the content of harmful bacteria is less, the fermentation is directly carried out by adding a leavening agent, the propagation of microorganisms is facilitated by adding sugar, and the fermentation speed is higher.
In the process of mixed fermentation, because the moisture content in the compost box is higher, oxygen can not be ensured to fully enter the mixed material by directly introducing oxygen, so that zeolite is added and distributed in the mixed material, the ventilation effect and the ventilation uniformity of the mixed material are ensured, the oxygen in the material is increased, and both the zeolite and the filler can be used for attachment of microorganisms, thereby being beneficial to the survival of well-maintained microorganisms; the filler frame can ensure that the fillers are uniformly distributed in the materials, and the fillers can be uniformly put in and taken out only by plugging the filler frame, so that the operation is simple and convenient.
The separation and filtration process is simple, the operation is convenient, the zeolite can be quickly separated, the weight of the mixed material is reduced, the transportation is convenient, and the normal use of the mixed material is ensured; the preparation time of the decomposed fertilizer is shortened to one third of that of the traditional decomposed fertilizer, and the preparation method has the advantages of short time, high speed and high efficiency; and the nutritive value is 2-4 times of that of the traditional decomposed fertilizer.
Further, the step (D) of mixed fermentation specifically comprises the following steps:
(D1) 10-20 parts of shrimp shell and/or crab shell and/or shell and 20-30 parts of walnut shell are taken and ground into powder for standby. The shrimp shell, the crab shell and the shell powder not only can increase nutrition, but also can remove microorganisms causing plant diseases and insect pests, and can solve the problem of bacterial and insect pests; the walnut shell powder has high nutritional value, and after the shrimp shell and/or the crab shell and/or the shell are mixed with the walnut shell powder, the shrimp shell, the crab shell and the shell are generally collected in restaurants and hotels, contain a large amount of seasonings and are difficult to remove even if cleaned, the added walnut powder can absorb and neutralize acid and alkali ions in the shrimp shell, the crab shell and the shell powder, is beneficial to the survival of microorganisms, and the microorganisms can slowly decompose acid and alkali ions absorbed by the walnut powder and acid and alkali ions in the shrimp shell, the crab shell and the shell powder, so that the acid and alkali concentration of a fertilizer is prevented from exceeding the standard.
(D2) Pouring 100-150 parts of water into the compost box, neutralizing citric acid, then adding 50-80 parts of zeolite, uniformly stirring, and then pouring the nutrient slurry and powder; then inserting the filling frame into the compost leavening; ventilating, and fermenting for 3-5 days; making into mixed material.
Further, in the first fermentation in the step (A1), the temperature in the compost box is controlled to be 35-45 degrees; (A2) in the second fermentation process, the temperature in the compost box is controlled to be 30-35 degrees; and (B) in the preparation process of the nutrient slurry, controlling the temperature in the slurry making barrel to be 30-35 degrees. The temperature range is favorable for the propagation of microorganisms, and the decomposition effect is optimal.
Further, the step (A) is also provided with a step (0) of early preparation, wherein the cleaning mechanism is controlled to rotate to enter the compost box, and the brush frame of the cleaning mechanism brushes the inner wall of the compost box in a rotating manner; and then, the water spraying pipe of the cleaning mechanism is rotated to spray water to flush the inner wall of the compost box until the inner wall of the compost box is cleaned. The cleaning process is simple, convenient and fast.
Furthermore, the method also comprises a discharging process in the step (F), wherein after the materials enter from the side surface of a discharging barrel of the discharging device, a discharging propeller at one end of the discharging barrel drives a spiral discharging mechanism to rotate, and the mixed materials are pushed to be output from a discharging outlet at the other end of the discharging barrel; the spiral rod of the discharging mechanism is gradually reduced to be conical towards one end of the discharging outlet; stirring columns are distributed on the periphery of a spiral sheet of the discharging mechanism. The discharging mode is simple and convenient, and the discharging speed is high; the direction of the screw rod towards the discharging outlet is in a tapered shape, so that the discharging pressure can be gradually reduced along with discharging, and the phenomena of blockage, hardening, blocking and the like are effectively avoided; the spiral stirring column can further stir the material in the rotating process of the spiral piece, and the phenomena of blockage, hardening, blocking and the like are further avoided.
In addition, the invention also provides equipment for the ecological preparation method of the high-efficiency decomposed fertilizer, which comprises a pulping barrel, a composting device and a discharging device which are sequentially connected;
the composting device comprises a composting box, a tool switcher arranged right above the composting box and a separation structure arranged at the lower part of the composting box, wherein the top surface of the composting box is provided with a feeding hole; the tool switcher comprises a rotating disk, a rotating driving mechanism connected with the rotating disk, a rotating stirring mechanism, a sealing cover mechanism and a stirring pressing mechanism, wherein the rotating stirring mechanism, the sealing cover mechanism and the stirring pressing mechanism are circumferentially distributed on the periphery of the rotating disk; the rotating disc is vertically arranged right above the feeding hole; the separation structure comprises a separation drawer, a separation net and a leakage-proof plate, the separation drawer can penetrate through the side face of the lower portion of the compost bin in a horizontally moving mode, the separation net is arranged at the bottom of the separation drawer, the leakage-proof plate is arranged right below the separation net, and the leakage-proof plate can be connected to the bottom of the separation drawer in a horizontally moving mode.
The tool switcher can realize the switching use of various tools, has complete functions and flexible and free use; when in use, the rotary driving mechanism can drive the rotary disk to rotate, so that the rotary stirring mechanism, the sealing cover mechanism and the stirring pressing mechanism on the periphery of the rotary disk can be switched to use, and the space in the compost box is not occupied after the use. The separation structure can be used for conveniently screening out large-volume objects in the compost bin; the separation net of the separation drawer can realize the filtering function, the leak-proof plate can play a role in leak prevention, and the separation net can be used for filtering and separating only by drawing out the leak-proof plate during separation; after separation, the separation drawer can be moved out, so that large-volume objects on the separation net can be conveniently cleaned; the separation structure can be combined with a stirring and pressing mechanism, so that the separation of large-volume substances can be further accelerated; realize autosegregation, simple structure, excellent in use effect, convenient operation.
The stirring and pressing mechanism comprises a first rotary expansion piece connected to the rotary disc, a pressing plate with one surface connected with the first rotary expansion piece, and a plurality of elastic stirring columns distributed on the other surface of the pressing plate. When the device is used, the first rotary expansion piece can drive the pressing plate to rotate and move downwards, meanwhile, the elastic stirring column also rotates along with the pressing plate, materials are stirred, and meanwhile, the materials are pressed downwards, so that the materials quickly pass through the separation net, and large-volume substances in the materials are left on the separation net, and the device is simple in structure, convenient to operate and good in using effect; meanwhile, the elastic stirring columns can play roles in buffering and space control, and the situation that the separation net is crushed due to the fact that the pressing plate moves downwards due to overlarge position is avoided.
The sealing cover mechanism comprises a second rotary expansion piece, a sealing cover and a filling frame, wherein one surface of the sealing cover is connected with the second rotary expansion piece; the other side of the sealing cover is provided with a convex part capable of sealing the feed port; one end of the packing frame penetrates through the sealing cover to be connected with the telescopic piece, and a plurality of packing materials are distributed on the packing frame. The convex part of the sealing cover can seal the feed port; the filling frame can drive the filling materials to be inserted into the materials, and the filling frame only needs to be pulled out through the telescopic piece during separation, so that the separation is simple and convenient; but also can conveniently control the distribution position of the filler in the material, ensure the uniform distribution of the filler and have good use effect.
Furthermore, the rotary stirring mechanism comprises a third rotary telescopic driver connected to the rotary disc, a first rotary shaft with one end connected with the third rotary telescopic driver and a bottom stirring brush, a plurality of horizontal stirring shafts are distributed on the periphery of the first rotary shaft, the bottom stirring brush is arranged at the bottom of the first rotary shaft close to the compost bin, and the bottom stirring brush is provided with a head end connected with the side surface of the first rotary shaft and a tail end close to the inner wall of the compost bin; the upper part of the cross section of the horizontal stirring shaft is arc-shaped, and the lower part of the cross section of the horizontal stirring shaft is triangular; the top surface of the separation net is provided with a base which can be inserted by the first rotating shaft and can rotate freely. The bottom stirring brush can fully drive the materials at the bottom of the compost bin, and the tail end of the bottom stirring brush is close to the inner wall of the compost bin, so that uniform and full stirring is ensured; and the cross section lower part of puddler is triangle-shaped, and then can reduce the resistance that horizontal (mixing) shaft inserted the material, and the base can improve rotation axis pivoted stability.
Furthermore, the tool switcher also comprises a cleaning mechanism arranged on the periphery of the rotating disc; the cleaning mechanism comprises a fourth rotary telescopic mechanism connected to the rotary disc, an annular water spraying disc connected with the fourth rotary telescopic mechanism, and a brush frame connected with the annular water spraying disc; the periphery of the annular water spraying disc is provided with an annular water spraying pipe, the periphery of the water spraying pipe is provided with a plurality of water spraying holes and a water inlet which can be connected with water supply equipment, one surface of the annular water spraying disc is connected with a fourth rotary telescopic mechanism, the other surface of the annular water spraying disc is connected with a brush holder, and the periphery of the brush holder is provided with cleaning brush bristles which can be driven by the fourth rotary telescopic mechanism to tightly adhere to the inner wall of the compost bin to rotate. During the use, the rotatory telescopic machanism of fourth can drive annular water spray dish and brush yoke and rotate together, and the brush yoke rotation can drive the cleaning brush and move compost incasement wall, and later annular water spray dish is to compost incasement wall water spray, washes, and it is fast to wash convenient speed, and thoroughly.
Furthermore, the discharging device comprises a horizontally arranged discharging barrel and a spiral discharging mechanism arranged in the discharging barrel, one end of the discharging barrel is provided with a discharging propeller connected with the spiral discharging mechanism, and the other end of the discharging barrel forms a discharging outlet; the top side of the discharging barrel is provided with a discharging inlet, and a discharging hopper extending into the discharging inlet is arranged at the position of the compost box under the separation structure; the spiral discharging mechanism comprises a hollow spiral rod and a spiral sheet arranged on the periphery of the spiral rotating rod, and the spiral rod is in a pyramid shape gradually diminishing towards the discharging outlet; the periphery of the spiral sheet is provided with a plurality of spiral stirring columns. The hollow screw rod is light in weight; the direction of the screw rod towards the discharging outlet is in a tapered shape, so that the discharging pressure can be gradually reduced along with discharging, and the phenomena of blockage, hardening, blocking and the like are effectively avoided; the spiral stirring column can further stir the material in the rotating process of the spiral piece, and the phenomena of blockage, hardening, blocking and the like are further avoided.
Furthermore, the pulping barrel comprises a barrel body, a stirrer connected in the barrel body, a feed hopper arranged at the top of the barrel body and an elastic sealing plug connected with the feed hopper; the feeding hopper is connected with the barrel body through a cylindrical sleeve, the lower part of the elastic sealing plug is in threaded connection with the cylindrical sleeve, and the upper part of the elastic sealing plug is provided with an outer conical surface which can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the feeding hopper; the stirrer comprises a stirring driver, a vertical rod with one end connected with the stirring driver, and declination rods distributed on the periphery of the vertical rod. The feeder hopper can make things convenient for the feeding, the sealed effectual of the elastic sealing plug of structure, the agitator stirring effect of structure is good, and even.
In conclusion, the invention realizes classified fermentation, can shorten the time for preparing the decomposed fertilizer to one third of the time for preparing the traditional decomposed fertilizer, and has high fertilizer preparation speed and high efficiency; and the nutritive value is 2-4 times of that of the traditional decomposed fertilizer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection of a compost bin and a discharging device in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a tool switcher according to embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a pulping barrel according to embodiment 2 of the invention;
wherein, 100 pulping barrels, 101 composting devices and 102 discharging devices are arranged; 1 compost box, 11 feed inlets, 12 rotating discs and 13 discharge hoppers; 2 tool switcher, 21 rotating disk; 22 a rotary drive mechanism; 23a rotary stirring mechanism, 23a third rotary telescopic driver, 23b first rotating shaft, 23c bottom stirring brush and 23d horizontal stirring shaft; 24 cleaning mechanisms, 24a fourth rotary telescopic mechanism, 24b annular water spraying discs, 24c brush holders and 24d cleaning bristles; 25 sealing cover mechanism, 25a second rotary expansion piece, 25b sealing cover, 25c filling frame, 25d expansion piece and 25f filling; 26 stirring and pressing mechanism, 26a first rotary expansion piece, 26b pressing plate and 26c elastic stirring column; 3 separation structure, 31 separation drawer, 32 separation net, 33 leakage-proof plate, 321 base; 4, a discharge barrel and a discharge outlet 41; 5, a spiral discharging mechanism, a 51 discharging propeller, a 52 spiral rod, a 53 spiral sheet and a 531 spiral stirring column; 6, a barrel body; 7 stirrer, 71 stirring driver, vertical rod 72, declination rod 73; 8 feed hoppers and 81 cylindrical sleeves; 9 an elastic sealing plug.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
An ecological preparation method of a high-efficiency decomposed fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(0) the method comprises the steps of preparing in the early stage, controlling a cleaning mechanism to rotate into a compost box, and firstly, rotating a brush holder of the cleaning mechanism to brush the inner wall of the compost box; and then, the water spraying pipe of the cleaning mechanism is rotated to spray water to flush the inner wall of the compost box until the inner wall of the compost box is cleaned. This step can of course be carried out as desired.
(A) Preparing compost:
(A1) and (3) first fermentation: taking 200 portions of animal waste, 300 portions of 200 portions of wood bran, 20-30 portions of humic acid, 40-50 portions of ferrous sulfate, 200 portions of water and 150 portions of crushed and purified food waste, and putting the materials into a compost box; uniformly stirring the materials in the compost box; and sealing the compost box, fermenting for 9-12 days, and exhausting gas every 4-6 hours. Preferably, the animal manure 220 parts, the sawdust 250 parts, the humic acid 26 parts, the ferric sulfite 45 parts, the water 150 parts and the crushed and purified food waste 130 parts are fermented for 11 days, and the air is exhausted every 5 hours. In order to promote the propagation of microorganisms, the temperature in the compost bin is controlled to be 35-45 ℃ during the first fermentation in the step (A1); preferably 40.
(A2) And (3) secondary fermentation: opening the compost box, and pouring 10-30 parts of leavening agent and 10-20 parts of sugar into the compost box; stirring the materials uniformly again; sealing the compost box, continuing to perform sealed fermentation, and exhausting once every 4-6 hours; forming compost fermentation substances for later use after 5-8 days; further, 23 parts of a leavening agent and 15 parts of sugar; exhausting every 5 hours; after 6 days, the compost fermentate was formed. In order to promote the propagation of microorganisms, (A2) during the second fermentation, the temperature in the compost bin is controlled at 30-35 degrees, preferably 32 degrees.
(B) Preparing nutrient slurry: this step is performed while (A2) is being performed, i.e., within 5-8 days of waiting for step (A2). Taking 50-70 parts of bean dregs, 20-30 parts of rotten vegetables and fruits, 10-30 parts of sugar, 10-20 parts of orange peel and 70-100 parts of water; mixing, pulverizing, adding into pulping barrel, adding 1-3 parts of leaven, stirring, sealing, fermenting, exhausting gas every 3-6 hr, and forming into nutritional pulp after 5-8 days. Preferably, the bean dregs comprise 60 parts of rotten vegetables and fruits, 22 parts of sugar, 16 parts of orange peel and 80 parts of water; mixing and crushing, putting into a pulping barrel, adding 2 parts of leaven, stirring uniformly, sealing and fermenting, exhausting once every 4 hours, and forming the nutrient pulp after 6 days. In order to promote the propagation of microorganisms, in the preparation process of the nutrient slurry in the step (B), the temperature in the slurry making barrel is controlled to be 30-35 degrees, and is preferably 31 degrees.
(C) And (3) sterilization process: opening the compost box, and pouring 80-100 parts of lemonade with the concentration of 80-90% into the compost box; continuously stirring the compost fermentation material for 1 hour, standing for 3-6 hours, and removing harmful bacteria. The lemon water is preferably 86% in concentration and 90 parts, and the standing time is preferably 4 hours.
(D) Mixing and fermenting: pouring 100-150 parts of water into the compost bin, neutralizing citric acid, then adding 50-80 parts of zeolite, uniformly stirring, and pouring nutrient slurry; then inserting the filling frame into the compost leavening; ventilating, and fermenting for 3-5 days; preparing a mixed material; however, the citric acid water is preferably used at a concentration of 86% and 90 parts, and the citric acid-neutralizing water is preferably used at 130 parts. The zeolite is preferably 70 parts, and the fermentation time is preferably 4 days.
In order to further improve the fertility of the compost fermentation product, the step (D) of mixed fermentation is divided into the following two steps:
(D1) taking a mixture of 10-20 parts of crab shells and 20-30 parts of walnut shells, and grinding the mixture into powder for later use; and the crab shell is preferably 17 parts, and the walnut shell is preferably 22 parts. Of course, the crab shell can also be replaced by shrimp shell, shell or the mixture of two or more of crab shell, shrimp shell and shell.
(D2) Pouring 100-150 parts of water into the compost box, neutralizing citric acid, then adding 50-80 parts of zeolite, uniformly stirring, and then pouring the nutrient slurry and powder; then inserting the filling frame into the compost leavening; ventilating, and fermenting for 3-5 days; making into mixed material.
(E) Separation and filtration: then pulling out the filling frame; the used compost box is a compost box with a separation net at the bottom, a leakage-proof plate is arranged at the position below the separation net, and the leakage-proof plate can be pulled out from the side surface of the compost box. During operation, the leakage-proof plate at the bottom of the compost box is pulled out, only the separation net is left at the bottom of the compost box, the mixed materials are stirred and pressed down by using tools or people manually, the mixed materials are pushed to enter the discharging device through the separation net, and the zeolite is left on the separation net until all the mixed materials are separated; the mixed material entering the discharging device is the decomposed fertilizer.
(F) The ejection of compact process, after the material got into from discharging barrel side of discharging device, the ejection of compact propeller of a discharging barrel one end drove the spiral discharge mechanism rotation in the discharging barrel, and spiral discharge mechanism is rotatory, and then promotes the export output of unloading of mixed material from the discharging barrel other end. The spiral rod of the discharging mechanism is gradually reduced to be conical towards one end of the discharging outlet; and stirring columns are distributed on the periphery of the spiral plate of the discharging mechanism and are vertical to the surface of the spiral plate. Of course, this step (F) may be provided as required.
Example 2
The embodiment provides equipment for the ecological preparation method of the high-efficiency decomposed fertilizer in the embodiment 1, and the equipment comprises a pulping barrel 100, a composting device 101 and a discharging device 102 which are connected in sequence as shown in fig. 2-5. Namely, the lower part of the pulping barrel 100 is communicated with the upper part of a composting device 101, and the bottom of the composting device 101 is connected with a discharging device 102.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2-4, the composting apparatus 101 includes a compost bin 1, a tool changer 2, and a separating structure 3. The tool switcher 2 is arranged right above the compost box 1, the separation structure 3 is arranged at the lower part of the compost box 1, and the top surface of the compost box 1 is provided with a feeding hole 11. The tool switcher 2 includes a rotary disk 21, a rotary drive mechanism 22, a rotary stirring mechanism 23, a cleaning mechanism 24, a sealing cover mechanism 25, and a stirring press-down mechanism 26. The rotary drive mechanism 22 is connected to the rotary disk 21. The rotary stirring mechanism 23, the sealing cover mechanism 25, the cleaning mechanism 24 and the stirring and pressing mechanism 26 are circumferentially distributed on the periphery of the rotating disc 21. When the device is used, the rotary driving mechanism 22 can drive the rotary disc 21 to rotate, and further, the rotary stirring mechanism 23, the cleaning mechanism 24, the sealing cover mechanism 25 and the stirring and pressing mechanism 26 can be switched to use, so that the device is flexible and free to use. And the cleaning mechanism 24 may be provided as desired.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the rotary plate 21 is vertically arranged right above the feed inlet 11; the separation structure 3 includes separation drawer 31, separation net 32 and leak protection board 33, but separation drawer 31 passes through to locate compost case 1 lower part side with horizontal migration, and compost case 1 lower part side is equipped with the expansion gap promptly, is equipped with the first spout of horizontally in the compost case 1, and the expansion gap is connected to first spout, and separation drawer 31 inserts first spout from the expansion gap to can follow first spout free movement.
Furthermore, the bottom of the separation drawer 31 is a separation net 32, a leakage-proof plate 33 is arranged right below the separation net 32, and the leakage-proof plate 33 can be horizontally movably connected to the bottom of the separation drawer 31; the separation drawer 31 is arranged under the separation net 32, the horizontal second sliding groove is formed, the leakage-proof plate 33 can move along the second sliding groove, when the separation drawer 31 is inserted into the compost box 1, the first sliding groove is parallel to the second sliding groove, and then the leakage-proof plate 33 can be independently drawn out when the separation drawer 31 is inserted into the compost box 1.
As shown in fig. 4, the stirring and pressing mechanism 26 includes a first rotary retractor 26a and a pressing plate 26 b. The first rotary expansion device 26a is connected to the rotary disc 21, one side of the pressure plate 26b is connected to the first rotary expansion device 26a, and a plurality of elastic stirring columns 26c are distributed on the other side of the pressure plate 26b, wherein the elastic stirring columns 26c are perpendicular to the surface of the pressure plate 26. The elastic agitation columns 26c may be made of rubber or other elastic material. The first rotary retractor 26a can drive the pressing plate 26b to rotate downward, so that the pressing plate presses the material downward while the material is agitated by the elastic agitation columns 26 c.
Similarly, the sealing cover mechanism 25 includes a second rotary expansion device 25a, a sealing cover 25b and a stuffing frame 25 c. One surface of the sealing cover 25b is connected with a second rotary expansion piece 25 a; the other side of the sealing cover 25b is provided with a convex part 25e, the convex part 25e can seal the feed port 11 of the compost box 1, the convex part 25e is preferably a rubber convex ring and is matched with the feed port 11 in a concave-convex mode to ensure the sealing effect of the feed port 11, and the convex part 25e can also adopt the existing common sealing mode. One end of the packing frame 25c penetrates through the sealing cover 25b to be connected with the telescopic piece 25d, a plurality of packing 25f are distributed on the packing frame 25c, the packing 25f adopts the existing structure, and the setting number and the setting position of the packing 25f can be set according to requirements.
The rotary stirring mechanism 23 includes a third rotary telescopic driver 23a, a first rotary shaft 23b, and a bottom agitating brush 23 c. The third rotary telescopic driver 23a is connected to the rotary disc 21, one end of the first rotary shaft 23b is connected with the third rotary telescopic driver 23a, a plurality of horizontal stirring shafts 23d are distributed on the periphery of the first rotary shaft 23b, the bottom stirring brush 23c is arranged at the bottom of the first rotary shaft 23b close to the compost box 1, the bottom stirring brush 23c is provided with a head end and a tail end, the head end is connected with the side surface of the first rotary shaft 23b, and the tail end is close to the inner wall of the compost box 1; the bottom agitating brush 23c includes a brush bar and first brush staples, and the first brush staples are provided on the side of the brush bar facing the bottom surface of the compost bin 1.
In order to reduce the resistance of the horizontal stirring shaft 23 when the horizontal stirring shaft 23 is inserted into the material, the upper part of the cross section of the horizontal stirring shaft 23d is arc-shaped, and the lower part of the cross section of the horizontal stirring shaft 23d is triangular; the separation net 32 is provided at the top thereof with a base 321, and the base 321 is inserted by the first rotating shaft 23b and freely rotates, so as to ensure the stability of the rotation of the first rotating shaft 23 b.
The cleaning mechanism 24 comprises a fourth rotary telescopic mechanism 24a, an annular water spraying disc 24b and a brush holder 24 c. The fourth rotary telescoping mechanism 24a is connected to the rotating disk 21, the annular water spray disk 24b is connected to the fourth rotary telescoping mechanism 24a, and the brush holder 24c is connected to the annular water spray disk 24 b. Specifically, the periphery of the annular water spraying disc 24b is provided with an annular water spraying pipe, the periphery of the water spraying pipe is provided with a water inlet and a plurality of water spraying holes, and the water inlet can be connected with the existing water supply equipment. One side of the annular water spraying disc 24b is connected with the fourth rotary telescopic mechanism 24a, the other side of the annular water spraying disc 24b is connected with the brush holder 24c, the periphery of the brush holder 24c is provided with cleaning bristles 24d tightly attached to the inner wall of the compost box 1, the cleaning bristles 24d can rotate under the driving of the fourth rotary telescopic mechanism 24a to brush the inner wall of the compost box 1, meanwhile, the annular water spraying disc 24b sprays water to wash the inner wall of the compost box 1, then, stains brushed by the cleaning bristles 24b are washed down, and the purpose of cleaning the inner wall of the compost box is achieved. And the cleaning mechanism 24 may be provided as desired.
As shown in fig. 3, the discharging device 102 includes a discharging barrel 4 and a spiral discharging mechanism 5, the discharging barrel 4 is horizontally disposed, and the spiral discharging mechanism 5 is disposed in the discharging barrel 4. The one end that goes out feed cylinder 4 is equipped with ejection of compact propeller 51, and ejection of compact propeller 51 connects spiral discharge mechanism 5, and then can drive spiral discharge mechanism rotatory, and the optional person's of this ejection of compact propeller current rotary mechanism, like the motor.
The other end of the discharging barrel 4 forms a discharging outlet 41, the top side of the discharging barrel 4 is provided with a discharging inlet, a discharging hopper 13 is arranged under the separation structure 3 of the compost bin 1, and the discharging hopper 13 extends into the discharging inlet. The spiral discharging mechanism 5 comprises a spiral rod 52 and a spiral sheet 53, wherein the spiral rod 52 is of a hollow structure, and the weight is effectively reduced. The spiral piece 53 is spirally wound around the periphery of the spiral rotating rod 52. The screw rod 52 is in the shape of a pyramid which becomes gradually smaller towards the discharge outlet 41; the spiral fin 53 is provided at the periphery thereof with a plurality of spiral stirring pillars 531, and the spiral stirring pillars 531 are perpendicular to the periphery of the spiral fin 53.
As shown in fig. 5, the pulping barrel 100 comprises a barrel body 6, an agitator 7, a feed hopper 8 and an elastic sealing plug 9. The stirrer 7 is connected in the barrel body 6, the feed hopper 8 is arranged at the top of the barrel body 6, and the elastic sealing plug 9 is connected with the feed hopper 8. The feed hopper 8 is connected with the barrel body 6 through a cylindrical sleeve 81, the lower part of the elastic sealing plug 9 is cylindrical, and the upper part of the elastic sealing plug 9 is conical with a large upper part and a small lower part. The lower part of the elastic sealing plug 9 is in threaded connection with the cylindrical sleeve 81, and the upper part of the elastic sealing plug 9 is provided with an outer conical surface which can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the feed hopper 8; the stirrer 7 comprises a stirring driver 71, a vertical rod 72 with one end connected with the stirring driver 71, and a declination rod 73 distributed on the periphery of the vertical rod 72. The higher end of the declination rod 73 is connected with the vertical rod 72, and the lower end is close to the inner wall of the barrel body 6. The elastic sealing plug 9 is made of an elastic material.
The first rotary telescopic device 26a, the second rotary telescopic device 25a, the third rotary telescopic actuator 23a and the fourth rotary telescopic mechanism 24a are all devices having conventional rotary and telescopic driving functions, and the telescopic member 25d is a device having a conventional telescopic function, which will not be described herein again.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A device for an ecological preparation method of a high-efficiency decomposed fertilizer is characterized in that: comprises a pulping barrel (100), a composting device (101) and a discharging device (102) which are connected in sequence;
the composting device (101) comprises a composting box (1), a tool switcher (2) arranged right above the composting box (1) and a separating structure (3) arranged at the lower part of the composting box (1), wherein the top surface of the composting box (1) is provided with a feeding hole (11); the tool switcher (2) comprises a rotating disc (21), a rotating driving mechanism (22) connected with the rotating disc (21), a rotating stirring mechanism (23), a sealing cover mechanism (25) and a stirring pressing mechanism (26), wherein the rotating stirring mechanism (23), the sealing cover mechanism (25) and the stirring pressing mechanism (26) are circumferentially distributed on the periphery of the rotating disc (21); the rotating disc (21) is vertically arranged right above the feeding hole (11); the separation structure (3) comprises a separation drawer (31), a separation net (32) and a leakage-proof plate (33), the separation drawer (31) can be horizontally movably arranged on the side face of the lower part of the compost box (1), the separation net (32) is arranged at the bottom of the separation drawer (31), the leakage-proof plate (33) is arranged right below the separation net (32), and the leakage-proof plate (33) can be horizontally movably connected to the bottom of the separation drawer (31);
the stirring and pressing mechanism (26) comprises a first rotary expansion piece (26a) connected to the rotary disc (21), a pressing plate (26b) with one surface connected with the first rotary expansion piece (26a), and a plurality of elastic stirring columns (26c) distributed on the other surface of the pressing plate (26 b);
the sealing cover mechanism (25) comprises a second rotary expansion piece (25a), a sealing cover (25b) and a filling frame (25c), wherein one surface of the sealing cover is connected with the second rotary expansion piece (25 a); the other surface of the sealing cover (25b) is provided with a convex part (25e) capable of sealing the feed port (11); one end of the filling frame (25c) penetrates through the sealing cover (25b) to be connected with the telescopic piece (25d), and a plurality of fillers (25f) are distributed on the filling frame (25 c);
the ecological preparation method of the high-efficiency decomposed fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(A) preparing compost:
(A1) and (3) first fermentation: taking 200 portions of animal waste, 300 portions of 200 portions of wood bran, 20-30 portions of humic acid, 40-50 portions of ferrous sulfate, 200 portions of water and 150 portions of crushed and purified food waste, and putting the materials into a compost box; uniformly stirring the materials in the compost box; sealing the compost box, fermenting for 9-12 days, and exhausting once every 4-6 hours;
(A2) and (3) secondary fermentation: opening the compost box, and pouring 10-30 parts of leavening agent and 10-20 parts of sugar into the compost box; stirring the materials uniformly again; sealing the compost box, continuing to perform sealed fermentation, and exhausting once every 4-6 hours; forming compost fermentation substances for later use after 5-8 days;
(B) preparing nutrient slurry: the step is carried out while the step (A2) is carried out, and 50-70 parts of bean dregs, 20-30 parts of rotten vegetables and fruits, 10-30 parts of sugar, 10-20 parts of orange peel and 70-100 parts of water are taken; mixing and crushing, putting into a pulping barrel, adding 1-3 parts of a leavening agent, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting, exhausting gas once every 3-6 hours, and forming nutrient pulp for later use after 5-8 days;
(C) and (3) sterilization process: opening the compost box, and pouring 80-100 parts of lemonade with the concentration of 80-90% into the compost box; continuously stirring the compost fermentation material for 1 hour, standing for 3-6 hours, and removing harmful bacteria;
(D) mixing and fermenting: pouring 100-150 parts of water into the compost bin, neutralizing citric acid, then adding 50-80 parts of zeolite, uniformly stirring, and pouring nutrient slurry; then inserting the filling frame into the compost leavening; ventilating, and fermenting for 3-5 days; preparing a mixed material;
(E) separation and filtration: then the filling frame is pulled out, the leak-proof plate at the bottom of the compost box is pulled out, only a separation net is left at the bottom of the compost box, the mixed materials are stirred and pressed down, the mixed materials are pushed to enter a discharging device through the separation net, and the zeolite is left on the separation net until all the mixed materials are separated; the mixed material entering the discharging device is the decomposed fertilizer.
2. The apparatus for the ecological preparation of high efficiency composted fertilizer of claim 1, characterized in that: the rotary stirring mechanism (23) comprises a third rotary telescopic driver (23a) connected to the rotary disc (21), a first rotating shaft (23b) with one end connected with the third rotary telescopic driver (23a) and a bottom stirring brush (23c), a plurality of horizontal stirring shafts (23d) are distributed on the periphery of the first rotating shaft (23b), the bottom stirring brush (23c) is arranged at the bottom of the first rotating shaft (23b) close to the compost box (1), and the bottom stirring brush (23c) is provided with a head end connected with the side surface of the first rotating shaft (23b) and a tail end close to the inner wall of the compost box (1); the upper part of the cross section of the horizontal stirring shaft (23d) is arc-shaped, and the lower part of the cross section of the horizontal stirring shaft is triangular; the top surface of the separation net (32) is provided with a base (321) which can be inserted by the first rotating shaft (23b) and can freely rotate.
3. The apparatus for the ecological preparation of high efficiency composted fertilizer of claim 1, characterized in that: the tool switcher (2) also comprises a cleaning mechanism (24) arranged on the periphery of the rotating disc (12); the cleaning mechanism (24) comprises a fourth rotary telescopic mechanism (24a) connected to the rotating disc (21), an annular water spraying disc (24b) connected with the fourth rotary telescopic mechanism (24a), and a brush holder (24c) connected with the annular water spraying disc (24 b); the periphery of the annular water spraying disc (24b) is provided with an annular water spraying pipe, the periphery of the water spraying pipe is provided with a plurality of water spraying holes and a water inlet which can be connected with water supply equipment, one surface of the annular water spraying disc (24b) is connected with a fourth rotary telescopic mechanism (24a), the other surface of the annular water spraying disc (24b) is connected with a brush holder (24c), and the periphery of the brush holder (24c) is provided with cleaning bristles (24d) which can be driven by the fourth rotary telescopic mechanism (24a) to tightly adhere to the inner wall of the compost box (1) for rotation.
4. The apparatus for the ecological preparation of high efficiency composted fertilizer of claim 1, characterized in that: the discharging device (102) comprises a horizontally arranged discharging barrel (4) and a spiral discharging mechanism (5) arranged in the discharging barrel (4), one end of the discharging barrel (4) is provided with a discharging propeller (51) connected with the spiral discharging mechanism (5), and the other end of the discharging barrel (4) forms a discharging outlet (41); a discharging inlet is formed in the top side of the discharging barrel (4), and a discharging hopper (13) extending into the discharging inlet is formed in the position, located right below the separating structure (3), of the compost box (1); the spiral discharging mechanism (5) comprises a hollow spiral rod (52) and a spiral piece (53) arranged on the periphery of the spiral rod (52), and the spiral rod (52) is in a pyramid shape gradually diminishing towards the discharging outlet (41); the periphery of the spiral sheet (53) is provided with a plurality of spiral stirring columns (531).
5. The apparatus for the ecological preparation of high efficiency composted fertilizer of claim 1, characterized in that: the pulping barrel (100) comprises a barrel body (6), a stirrer (7) connected in the barrel body (6), a feed hopper (8) arranged at the top of the barrel body (6), and an elastic sealing plug (9) connected with the feed hopper (8); the feed hopper (8) is connected with the barrel body (6) through a cylindrical sleeve (81), the lower part of the elastic sealing plug (9) is in threaded connection with the cylindrical sleeve (81), and the upper part of the elastic sealing plug (9) is provided with an outer conical surface which can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the feed hopper (8); the stirrer (7) comprises a stirring driver (71), a vertical rod (72) with one end connected with the stirring driver (71), and a declination rod (73) distributed on the periphery of the vertical rod (72).
6. The apparatus for the ecological preparation of high efficiency composted fertilizer of claim 1, characterized in that: the specific process of the mixed fermentation in the step (D) is as follows:
(D1) taking 10-20 parts of shrimp shells and/or crab shells and/or shells and 20-30 parts of walnut shells, and grinding the mixture into powder for later use;
(D2) pouring 100-150 parts of water into the compost box, neutralizing citric acid, then adding 50-80 parts of zeolite, uniformly stirring, and then pouring the nutrient slurry and powder; then inserting the filling frame into the compost leavening; ventilating, and fermenting for 3-5 days; making into mixed material.
7. The apparatus for the ecological preparation of high efficiency composted fertilizer of claim 1, characterized in that: in the first fermentation process of the step (A1), the temperature in the compost box is controlled to be 35-45 degrees; (A2) in the second fermentation process, the temperature in the compost box is controlled to be 30-35 degrees; and (B) in the preparation process of the nutrient slurry, controlling the temperature in the slurry making barrel to be 30-35 degrees.
8. The apparatus for the ecological preparation of high efficiency composted fertilizer of claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps that (0) early preparation is further included before the step (A), the cleaning mechanism is controlled to rotate to enter the compost box, and the brush frame of the cleaning mechanism brushes the inner wall of the compost box in a rotating mode; and then, the water spraying pipe of the cleaning mechanism is rotated to spray water to flush the inner wall of the compost box until the inner wall of the compost box is cleaned.
9. The apparatus for the ecological preparation of high efficiency composted fertilizer of claim 1, characterized in that: the discharging device also comprises a discharging process in the step (F), wherein after the materials enter from the side surface of the discharging barrel of the discharging device, a discharging propeller at one end of the discharging barrel drives a spiral discharging mechanism to rotate, and mixed materials are pushed to be output from a discharging outlet at the other end of the discharging barrel; the spiral rod of the discharging mechanism is gradually reduced to be conical towards one end of the discharging outlet; stirring columns are distributed on the periphery of a spiral sheet of the discharging mechanism.
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| CN112142504A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2020-12-29 | 龙游卡伊环保科技有限公司 | Automatic composting device for treating household garbage |
| CN118086015B (en) * | 2024-04-25 | 2024-06-21 | 云南天很蓝农业科技有限公司 | Fructus phyllanthi fermentation equipment |
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| JP2003327487A (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-19 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Apparatus for manufacturing matured compost-like material |
| CN203128441U (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-08-14 | 成都源创环保工程有限公司 | Rotary type compost fermentation cabin |
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| CN106518284A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-22 | 广西汇智生产力促进中心有限公司 | Bio-organic fertilizer for dragon fruit planting and preparing method thereof |
| CN106673891A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-17 | 黄修林 | Compound microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003327487A (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-19 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Apparatus for manufacturing matured compost-like material |
| CN203128441U (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-08-14 | 成都源创环保工程有限公司 | Rotary type compost fermentation cabin |
| CN104710241A (en) * | 2015-03-14 | 2015-06-17 | 武鸣县红鹰肥业有限公司 | Special slow release fertilizer for eucalyptus and preparation method for fertilizer |
| CN106518284A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-22 | 广西汇智生产力促进中心有限公司 | Bio-organic fertilizer for dragon fruit planting and preparing method thereof |
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