CN107539236A - 光致发光车辆贴花 - Google Patents
光致发光车辆贴花 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107539236A CN107539236A CN201710507105.XA CN201710507105A CN107539236A CN 107539236 A CN107539236 A CN 107539236A CN 201710507105 A CN201710507105 A CN 201710507105A CN 107539236 A CN107539236 A CN 107539236A
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Arrangements Of Lighting Devices For Vehicle Interiors, Mounting And Supporting Thereof, Circuits Therefore (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
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Abstract
提供一种车辆贴花,该车辆贴花包括装饰层和位于装饰层上方的包覆成型件。包覆成型件基本上是透明的。半导体层位于装饰层的与包覆成型件相对的一侧上。半导体层构造成发射穿过装饰层的光。
Description
技术领域
本公开大体涉及车辆贴花,且更确切地讲,涉及具有光致发光部件的用于汽车的照明系统和贴花。
背景技术
车辆中使用的照明系统可以提供独特和有吸引力的观看体验。因此,希望将这种照明系统结合在车辆的部分中以提供重点照明和功能照明。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种车辆贴花,其包括装饰层和位于装饰层上方的包覆成型件。包覆成型件基本上是透明的。半导体层位于装饰层的与包覆成型件相对的一侧上。半导体层构造成发射穿过装饰层的光。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种车辆,该车辆包括限定表面的格栅。贴花位于所述表面上。贴花包括装饰层和位于装饰层上的半导体层以及接近贴花定位并且构造成将光发射到贴花上的光源。半导体层构造成被来自贴花的光激发。
根据本发明的又一个方面,提供一种车辆,该车辆包括车辆的表面和位于所述表面上的贴花。贴花具有装饰层和位于装饰层上的半导体层以及位于半导体层的与装饰层相对的一侧上的光源。光源构造成将光发射到半导体层中。
本领域的技术人员通过对下列说明书、权利要求以及附图的学习可以理解和领会本发明的这些以及其他方面、目标、以及特性。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1是根据一个实施例的具有外部贴花的车辆的前透视图;
图2是根据另一个实施例的具有贴花的车辆的内部的透视图;
图3是根据一个实施例的沿图1中的线III截取的贴花的截面图;
图4A是根据一个实施例的沿图1中的线IVA截取的贴花的截面图,其示出了灯组件;
图4B是根据一个实施例的沿图1中的线IVB截取的贴花的截面图,其进一步示出了灯组件;
图4C是根据一个实施例的沿图1中的线IVC截取的贴花的截面图,其示出了替代灯组件;
图4D是根据另一个实施例的沿图1中的线IVD截取的贴花的截面图,其示出了具有发光结构的灯组件,所述发光结构由设置在光源上的透光部来分隔开;
图4E是根据一个实施例的沿图1中的线IVE截取的贴花的截面图,其示出了具有发光结构的替代光源,所述发光结构设置在光源上并且构造成将从光源发射的光的一部分从第一波长转换为第二波长;以及
图5是车辆和照明系统的方框图。
具体实施方式
本发明的附加特征和优点将在下面的详细描述中阐述,并且对于本领域技术人员来说从描述中将是显而易见的,或者通过实践如下面的描述以及权利要求和附图中描述的本发明而认识到。
如本文所用,术语“和/或”,当在两个或更多所列项目中使用时,是指可采用所列项目的任意一个或可采用两个或更多所列项目的任意组合。例如,如果组合物描述为含有部件A、B和/或C,则组合物可以包括单独A;单独B;单独C;A和B组合;A和C组合;B和C组合;或A、B和C的组合。
在本文中,例如第一和第二、顶部和底部等的关系术语仅用于将一个实体或动作与另一实体或动作区分开,而不必要求或暗示这些实体或动作之间的任何实际的这种关系或顺序。术语“包括”、“其包括”、或其任何其它变体旨在涵盖非排他性的包括,使得包括元件列表的过程、方法、物品或装置不仅包括那些元件,还可以包括未明确列出的或这些过程、方法、物品或装置所固有的其他元件。在没有更多限制的情况下,以“包括一个”开始的元件不排除在包括该元件的过程、方法、物品或装置中存在另外的相同元件。
现参考图1至图5,附图标记10一般表示具有贴花14的车辆。贴花14包括装饰层18和位于装饰层18上方的包覆成型件22。半导体层26位于装饰层18的与包覆成型件22相对的一侧上。半导体层26构造成发射穿过装饰层18的光。
现参考图1和图2,贴花14可位于车辆10的外部和内部上的各个位置。例如,贴花14可位于车辆10的外部车身面板上(图1)。在所示实施例中,外部车身面板是格栅30。应该了解的是,贴花14可位于沿车辆10的外部和内部车身面板的一个或多个位置处。例如,贴花14可位于翼子板34、外后视镜36、保险杠38上或车辆10的外部周围的其他位置上。格栅30可限定网格30A和装饰件30B,贴花14可施加在装饰件30B上。根据各种实施例,贴花14可构造成照明。在该类实施例中,光传感器42可接近贴花14定位(例如,在格栅30上或周围)以监测从贴花14发射的光。在内部实施例中,贴花14可施加至车辆内饰件40(图2)。内饰件40可位于通风口、门把手、方向盘、信息娱乐屏幕周围以及车辆10内的其他位置。
现在参考图3所示实施例,贴花14可为分层结构,其包括包覆成型件22、装饰层18、第一粘合层44、半导体层26、第二粘合层46、反射层50和固定层54。装饰层18可限定标记。装饰层18可通过浮雕、纹理化、雕刻、或以其它方式改变厚度来产生标记。标记可相对于装饰层18的其余部分升起或降低。标记可包括符号、字母数字文本、图片、数字或其组合。装饰层18可限定一个或多个离散标记(例如,装饰层18上间隔开的多个单独的标记)。装饰层18可以是聚合物材料、金属或其组合。在一些示例中,装饰层18可为金属或金属箔。在装饰层18的金属示例中,装饰层18可具有构造成反射光的光泽或光亮。在装饰层18的聚合物示例中,装饰层18可具有构造成反射光的真空金属表面。在一些实施例中,装饰层18包括具有可反射和传输光的真空金属18A的塑料衬底18B。在该类实施例中,装饰层18可传输大于10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%或90%的光,同时反射剩下的光。装饰层18可经涂漆、或以其他方式着色或染色以产生美观的颜色。另外或替代地,装饰层18可为贴花14提供纹理外观。例如,装饰层18可呈现为木纹、拉丝金属(例如,铝和/或镍)、皮革、乙烯基或其他美观的纹理外观。
包覆成型件22位于装饰层18上、上方和/或横跨装饰层18。包覆成型件22可限定第一或外表面22A。包覆成型件22可具有大于约50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或99%的可见光谱(例如,约400nm至约700nm)中的光的透明度。包覆成型件22可由硅胶、聚异戊二烯、聚丁二烯、氯丁二烯、丁基橡胶、丁腈橡胶、氟硅酸盐、含氟弹性体、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、其它软聚合材料和/或它们的组合组成。包覆成型件22可具有在约0.01mm至约10.0mm之间或在约0.25mm至约0.5mm之间的厚度或更大的直径。在硅胶示例中,包覆成型件22可具有约1150kg/m2的密度。使用包覆成型件22可使得声能可通过贴花14降低或减小。例如,在内部或外部车辆部件上使用包覆成型件22可使得声功率通过贴花14减少大于约1dB、5dB、10dB或大于20dB。因此,包覆成型件22可降低或以其他方式减少其所施加的车辆部件的振动和冲击噪声。在一些示例中,包覆成型件22可包括着色剂(例如,对穿过贴花14或从其反射的光进行着色或过滤)、紫外线抑制剂或阻断剂(例如,受阻胺或苯甲酰基)、或红外阻断材料(例如,铝硅酸盐和/或金属氧化物)。进一步地,包覆成型件22的使用为贴花14和/或贴花14所施加的内表面或外表面提供保护层。包覆成型件22可产生光滑和疏水表面,其可排斥雨水、油、道路污垢或车辆10的外部中和周围发现的其他污染物,这将使得贴花14保持更清洁。与其他材料相比,包覆成型件22可具有粘弹性(即,同时具有粘度和弹性)、低杨氏模量、和/或高破坏应变,从而使得包覆成型件22可在其被接触时保护贴花14和/或车辆10(即,防止刮伤、防止冲击、减少振动等)。进一步地,粘弹性、低杨氏模量和/或高破坏应变可为贴花14提供柔软、优雅的感觉,可使其触摸或感觉舒适。
包覆成型件22可在外表面22A上限定一个或多个纹理(例如,外表面)。例如,外表面22A可限定皮革、木纹、光滑、粗糙纹理和/或其他纹理。该纹理表面可提供装饰层18的外观提供的“感觉”。例如,如果装饰层18视觉上提供皮革外观,那么包覆成型件22的纹理表面则可具有皮革纹理(例如,颗粒和脊),使得贴花14的使用者从包覆成型件22接收到与他们从贴花14的外观所期望的一样的预期触觉刺激。应该了解的是,在不偏离本文提供的教导的情况下,提供的外观和触觉刺激可彼此不同。
包覆成型件22可通过使用液体聚合物对装饰层18和/或半导体层26进行包覆成型来形成。当包覆成型到装饰层18和/或半导体层26上时,包覆成型液体聚合物可具有小于约2000pa〃s、小于约1000pa〃s、或小于约100pa〃s的粘度。优选地,使用注塑模制方法执行对包覆成型件26的成型。液态聚合物随后可固化来形成包覆成型件22。包覆成型件22的外表面22A可具有大体弯曲的形状,或可具有正方形、矩形、多边形、波浪形、或其它复杂形状。进一步地,外表面22A的特征在于带有具备平面特征的部分和具备非平面特征的部分。
第一粘合层44和第二粘合层46可用于在形成包覆成型件22和/或将贴花14的层保持到位期间,将装饰层18和/或反射层50固定到位。第一粘合层44和第二粘合层46可以是透明的压敏粘合剂。应该了解的是,第一粘合层44和第二粘合层46是可选的。进一步地,固定层54在组分和功能(即,将贴花14固定至车辆10)上可类似于第一粘合层44和第二粘合层46。
如上所解释,半导体层26构造成发射光。根据各种实施例,半导体层26可构造成响应于接收激发发射而发射光。半导体层26可包括粘合剂26A和光致发光半导体材料26B。粘合剂26A可以是光学透明或半透明材料,诸如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚酯和/或也可使用聚氯乙烯。光致发光半导体材料26B可包括一个或多个量子点。量子点是纳米级半导体装置,其在所有三个空间维度上紧密地限制电子或电子空穴并且可以是光致发光的。量子点的光致发光可通过控制量子点的粒径来操纵为特定波长。量子点的半径或其最长长度一半的距离可在约1nm到约10nm之间或在约2nm到约6nm之间。较大的量子点(例如,半径为5-6nm)发射较长波长的光,使得光的颜色为如黄色或红色的颜色。较小的量子点(例如,半径为2-3nm)发射较短波长的光,产生如蓝色和绿色等的颜色。应该了解的是,从量子点发射的光的波长可根据量子点的精确组成的变化而变化。量子点自然地产生单色光。量子点的示例性组成包括掺杂(例如,涂布)Yb-Er、Yb-Ho和/或Yb-Tm的LaF3量子点纳米晶体。其他类型可使用的量子点包括各种类型的四足(tetrapod)量子点和钙钛矿增强量子点。应该了解的是,可混合一种或多种类型的量子点或可以其他方式用在半导体层26中。
光致发光半导体材料26B的量子点实施例可构造成响应于激发发射而发射光。根据各种实施例,量子点可构造成通过升频转换激发光而发射光。通过吸收较长波长激发发射的两个或多个光子来完成升频转换。一旦吸收,量子点可发射具有短于激发发射波长的较短波长的一个或多个光子。根据各种实施例,激发发射可为红外光。在该类实施例中,激发发射的波长可在约800nm至约1000nm之间。在特定实施例中,激发发射的波长可约为980nm。因为这些种类的发红光、蓝光和绿光胶体量子点可有效地吸收该波长的光并且容易获得和商业化该波长的LED,因此选择980nm的波长。这意味着当使用红外光充能或激发且使用适当大小的量子点时,半导体层26实际上可发射包括白色且除了紫色色调的任何颜色的光。
根据各种实施例,半导体层26可结构性地形成为膜。在形成半导体层26的第一方法中,光致发光半导体材料26B可直接融入粘合剂26A中。接下来,半导体材料26B和粘合剂26A的混合物可挤入薄膜片中。产生半导体层26的另一示例性方法是将半导体材料26B的薄涂层施加至表面。为了完成该操作,首先将半导体材料26B融入聚合物或单体的可聚合混合物中。接下来,在(例如,膜、衬底或车辆部件的)表面上方将该混合物旋涂、喷墨或以其他方式施加为薄层。在施加之后,可在表面上聚合(固化)单体混合物。使用该方法,可能重要的是确保如果使用有机可溶性半导体材料26B,则聚合物或单体聚合物是亲脂的(非极性的)。反过来,如果使用水溶性光致发光半导体材料26B,则聚合物或单体可为亲水的(水溶性的)。
位于第二粘合层46下方的是反射层50。反射层50构造成反射和分散由半导体层26发射的光、以及已穿过装饰层18和半导体层26返回半导体层26中的环境光。反射层50可由如TiO2的反射性成分(例如,金红石)、具有高光泽度的金属和/或其他反射成分组成。根据一个实施例,使用至少5%重量的TiO2颜料和直径约0.02微米的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的不透明白色聚合物膜。
参考图4A至图4E,所示的实施例中反射层50(图3)使用光源70来替代。如图4A所示,光源70可具有堆叠配置,其包括光产生组件114。光产生组件114可对应于薄膜或印刷发光二极管(LED)组件并且包括作为其最下层的衬底122。衬底122可包括约为0.005至0.060英寸厚的聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)材料并且设置在其上将接收光源70的预期车辆衬底(例如,车辆10的面板)上方。或者,作为节约成本的措施,衬底122可直接对应于预先存在的结构(例如,车辆面板)。
光产生组件114包括设置在衬底122上方的正极126。正极126包括导电环氧树脂,诸如但不限于含银或含铜环氧树脂。正极126与设置在半导体油墨134内并施加在正极126上方的多个LED源130的至少一部分电连接。同样地,负极138也与LED源130的至少一部分电连接。负极138设置在半导体油墨134上方并且包括透明或半透明导电材料,诸如但不限于氧化铟锡。另外,正极126和负极138中的每个都经由对应的汇流条150、154和导电元件158、162与控制器142和电源146电连接。汇流条150、154可沿正极126和负极138的相对边缘印制,且汇流条150、154和导电引线158、162之间的连接点可在每个汇流条150、154的相对拐角处以促进沿汇流条150、154的均匀电流分布。应该了解的是,在替代实施例中,在不脱离本公开概念的情况下,可改变光产生组件114内的部件的方向。例如,负极138可设置在半导体油墨134下方,并且正极126可设置在前述半导体油墨134上方。同样地,附加部件(诸如汇流条150、154)也可以任何方向放置,从而使得光产生组件114可朝向期望位置发射输出光166(图4B)。
LED源130可以随机或受控的方式分散在半导体油墨134内并且可构造成朝半导体层26发射聚焦或非聚焦的光。根据各种实施例,LED源130可构造成发射红外光。LED源130可对应于尺寸约为5微米至大约400微米数量级的氮化镓元素的微型LED,且半导体油墨134可包括各种粘合剂和介电材料,包括但不限于镓、铟、碳化硅、磷、和/或半透明聚合物粘合剂中的一种或多种。
半导体油墨134可通过各种印制工艺(包括喷墨和丝网印刷工艺)施加到正极126的选定部分。更具体地,可预见的是,LED源130分散在半导体油墨134内,并且加以塑形和设定尺寸,使得在半导体油墨134的沉积过程中大致数量的LED源130与正极126和负极138对齐。最终电连接到正极126和负极138的LED源130的部分可由汇流条150和154、控制器142、电源146、以及导电引线158和162的组合照明。根据一个实施例,电源146可对应于在12VDC到16VDC下操作的车载电源146。关于光产生组件114的构造的附加信息公开在于2014年3月12日授予Lowenthal等人的题为“ULTRA-THIN PRINTED LED LAYER REMOVED FROMSUBSTRATE”的美国专利公开第2014/0264396A1号,其全部公开通过引用合并在本文中。
现参考图4A,半导体层26作为涂层、层、膜或其它合适的沉积物设置在负极138上方。装饰层18设置在半导体层26上方。在一些实施例中,装饰层18模制在半导体层26和光产生组件114的上方。如上所解释,装饰层18至少可以是部分透光的。以这种方式,每当进行能量转换过程时,装饰层18都将由半导体层26照明。
保护涂层118设置在光产生组件114和/或半导体层26的周围。保护涂层118可保护光产生组件114免受由环境暴露引起的物理损害和化学损害。与其它材料相比,保护涂层118可具有粘弹性(即,同时具有粘性和弹性)、低杨氏模量、和/或高破坏应变,从而使得保护涂层118在其被接触时可保护光产生组件114。例如,保护涂层118可保护光产生组件114免受制造期间可能与光源70接触而产生的环境污染物(例如,灰尘和水)的影响。
在一些实施例中,半导体层26可单独并远离光产生组件114使用。例如,半导体层26可位于装饰层18的相对侧上、贴花14的另一个位置上和/或靠近光产生组件114的任何表面上。
现参考图4B,根据一个实施例例示了用于产生单色发光的能量转换过程170。出于说明的目的,下面使用图4A所描述的光源70来描述能量转换过程170。在该实施例中,半导体层26包括单一半导体材料26B,其构造成将从LED源130接收的输入光178转换成输出光166,输出光166的波长不同于与输入光178相关联的波长。更具体地,半导体材料26B配制为具有包括从LED源130供应的输入光178的发射波长的吸收光谱。半导体材料26B还配制为转换光并使得转换的可见输出光166具有以期望颜色表示的发射光谱,其可根据照明应用的变化而变化。转换的可见输出光166经由装饰层18从光源70输出,从而使装饰层18可以期望颜色照明。由装饰层18提供的照明可提供可能难以通过非光致发光方式复制的独特的、大致均匀的、和/或吸引人的观看体验。
参考图4C,根据一个实施例例示了用于生成多色光的第二能量转换过程190。为了一致性,下面还使用图4A所示的光源70描述第二能量转换过程190。在该实施例中,半导体层26包括半导体材料26B和第二半导体层26C。或者,如果需要的话,半导体材料26B、26C可彼此隔离。
关于目前所示的实施例,半导体材料26B、26C的激发是互相排斥的。也就是说,半导体材料26B、26C配制为具有产生不同发射光谱的非重叠吸收光谱。此外,在配制半导体材料26B、26C时,应注意选择相关联的升频转换,从而使得从半导体材料26B、26C之一发射的转换输出光166不会激发另一个,除非需要这样做。根据一个示例性实施例,示例性地示出为LED源130a的LED源130的第一部分构造成发射具有一发射波长的输入光178,该发射波长的输入光178仅激发半导体材料26B并且导致输入光178转换成第一颜色(例如,白色)的可见输出光166。同样地,示例性地示出为LED源130b的LED源130的第二部分构造成发射具有一发射波长的输入光178,该发射波长的输入光178仅激发第二半导体材料26C并且导致输入光178转换成第二颜色(例如,红色)的可见输出光166。优选地,第一颜色和第二颜色在视觉上可彼此区分。以这种方式,可使用控制器142选择性地激活LED源130a和130b,以使半导体层26以各种可设计的颜色发光。例如,控制器142可仅激活LED源130a以专门激发半导体材料26B,使得装饰层18以第一颜色照明。或者,控制器142可仅激活LED源130b以专门激发第二半导体材料26C,使得装饰层18以第二颜色照明。
或者,控制器142可一致地激活LED源130a和130b,这使得两种半导体材料26B、26C均受激发,导致装饰层18以第三颜色照明,第三颜色是第一颜色和第二颜色的混合色(例如,粉红色)。从LED源130a、130b中的每个部分发射的输入光178的强度也可彼此成比例地变化,从而可获得附加颜色。对于含有多于两种不同的半导体材料26B、26C的半导体层26,可实现更多样的颜色。预想的颜色包括红色、绿色、蓝色及其组合,包括白色,所有这些都可通过选择适当的半导体材料26B、26C并正确地操纵相应的LED源130a、130b来实现。
参考图4D,根据一个替代实施例,第三能量转换过程198包括光产生组件114(诸如参考图4A所述的光产生组件)和设置在光产生组件114上的半导体层26。半导体层26构造成将从LED源130接收的输入光178转换成可见输出光166,输出光166的波长不同于与输入光178相关联的波长。更具体地,半导体层26配制为具有包括从LED源130供应的输入光178的发射波长的吸收光谱。半导体材料26B还配制为具有升频转换,其导致转换的可见输出光166具有以期望颜色表示的发射光谱,其可根据照明应用的变化而变化。
例如,半导体层26可以剥离的方式施加到光产生组件114的一部分。在半导体层26之间可为透光部202,透光部202使得从LED源130发射的输入光178可以第一波长从其中穿过。透光部202可以是开放空间,或者可以是透明或半透明材料。通过透光部202发射的输入光178可从光产生组件114指向装饰层18,使得装饰层18可发射对应于经引导穿过透光部202的输入光178的有色光。
参考图4E,所示为用于使用光产生组件114(诸如参考图4A所描述的光产生组件)和设置在光产生组件114上的半导体层26生成多色光的第四能量转换过程206。在该实施例中,半导体层26设置在光产生组件114的顶部上方。配制半导体材料26B的激发,使得从LED源130c、130d发射的输入光178的一部分以第一波长穿过半导体层26(即,从光产生组件114发射的输入光178不由半导体层26转换)。可通过脉冲宽度调制或电流控制改变从LED源130c、130d发射的穿过半导体层26而不转换成第二输出光166波长的输入光178的量来更改发射光(即,输入光178和输出光166的组合)的强度。例如,如果光产生组件114构造成以低电平发射输入光178,则大致所有的输入光178都可转换为输出光166。在该配置中,对应于半导体层26的输出光166的颜色可从光产生组件114发射。如果光产生组件114构造成以高电平发射输入光178,则仅第一波长的一部分可由半导体层26转换。在该配置中,发射光的第一部分可由半导体层26转换,且发射光的第二部分可以第一波长从光产生组件114朝靠近光源70设置的附加半导体层发射。附加半导体层可响应于从光源70发射的输入光178而发光。
根据一个示例性实施例,示例性地示出为LED源130c的LED源130的第一部分构造成发射具有一波长的输入光178,该波长的输入光178激发半导体层26内的半导体材料26B并且导致输入光178转换成第一颜色(例如,白色)的可见输出光166。同样地,示例性地示出为LED源130d的LED源130的第二部分构造成发射具有一波长的输入光178,该波长的输入光178穿过半导体层26并且激发靠近贴花14设置的附加半导体层,从而以第二颜色照明。第一颜色和第二颜色在视觉上可彼此区分。以这种方式,可使用控制器142选择性地激发LED源130c和130d,以使装饰层18以各种颜色发光。
现参考图5,其示出了车辆10的方框图,其中装饰层18设置在贴花14内。车辆10包括与光源70连通的控制器142。控制器142可包括存储器210,存储器210具有包含在其中的由控制器142的处理器214执行的指令。控制器142可经由位于车辆10上的电源146向光源70提供电力。此外,控制器142可构造成基于从一个或多个车辆控制模块接收的反馈控制光源70的光输出。控制器142可构造成单独地和/或以交替方式(例如,经由电流方向操纵)操作LED源130(图4A至图4E)、第一部分LED130a和/或第二部分LED130b,以便实现贴花14的特定照明外观。在一些实施例中,可操作光源70使得光产生组件114的一些部分(图4A至图4E)被激活而其他部分不被激活,使得装饰层18表现为多颜色的、具有脉动效应,特定部件发光/不发光和/或具有光的颜色或强度的渐变。通过激活光产生组件114,来自装饰层18的照明的颜色可从第一颜色更改为第二颜色。装饰层18的颜色的改变可用于传达信息(例如,速度、变速器状态、占用率、指示转弯)、提供美学照明(例如,带音乐的脉冲、提供温暖的环境照明、具有感测到的心跳的脉冲)或向车辆10的外部提供大面积环境照明。控制器142可进一步与光传感器42连接,使得光源70可在感测到贴花14未输出所需水平的光时被激活。
本公开的使用可以提供若干优点。首先,由于半导体材料26A、26B使得红外光可用作激发光源而不可使用紫外光。近可见红外光的使用不会降解油漆、塑料或对车辆的内部造成其他光源可能造成的损伤。其次,使用红外光作为贴花14的激发源意味着环境光可对半导体层26充能并激发半导体层26,从而对车辆10的功率要求最小。
本领域技术人员和制造或使用本发明的人员将会想到对本发明的修改。因此应了解,附图中所示和上述的实施例仅用于说明的目的,并且不旨在限制本发明的范围,其是由根据专利法原理解释的以下权利要求限定,包括等同原则。
本领域普通技术人员将了解,所描述的发明内容的构造和其它部件不限于任何特定材料。本文公开的本发明的其他示例性实施例可由多种材料形成,除非本文另有描述。
为本发明的目的,术语“被耦合”(以其所有形式:耦合、耦合的、被耦合等其所有形式)通常指两个部件(电的或机械的)彼此直接或间接接合。这种接合可为固定性质或可移动性质。这种接合可通过两个部件(电的或机械的)和整体形成为彼此单独的单个主体的任何附加中间构件或两个部件一起实现。这种接合可为永久性性质、或可为可移除或可释放性质,除非另有说明。
同样重要的是,应注意,仅说明示例性实施例中所示出的本发明的元件的构造和设置。尽管在本发明中仅详细描述本发明公开的几个实施例,但对于审阅本发明的本领域技术人员来说,将容易地理解的是,在不实质上偏离本发明的新颖教导和优点的情况下,可能作出许多修改(例如,大小、尺寸、结构的变化、各种元件的形状和比例、参数值、安装装置、材料的使用、颜色、定向等)。例如,示出为形成整体的元件可由多个零件构成,或者示出为多个零件的元件可整体形成,界面操作可颠倒或者以其他方式改变,系统的结构和/或构件或连接器或其他元件的长度或宽度可改变,在元件之间提供的调整位置的性质或数量可改变。应注意,系统的元件和/或组件可由以多种颜色、质地和组合中的任何一种提供足够强度或耐久性的各种材料中的任一种构造。因此,所有这些修改均包括在本创新的范围内。在不脱离本发明的情况下,可在所期望和其它示例性实施例的设计、操作条件和装置中做出其它替换、修改、更改和省略。
应了解,任何描述的过程或所描述的过程中的步骤可与其它公开的过程或步骤组合以形成本发明的范围内的结构。本发明公开的示例性结构和方法仅为说明性目的,而不应解释为限制。
还应了解,在不脱离本发明的概念的情况下,可以对上述结构和方法进行变化和修改,并且进一步地,应了解,这些概念旨在由所附权利要求覆盖,除非这些声明以其语言另有明确规定。此外,如下所述的权利要求被并入并构成该具体实施方式的一部分。
Claims (20)
1.一种车辆贴花,包括:
装饰层;
位于所述装饰层上方的包覆成型件,所述包覆成型件是基本上透明的;以及
位于所述装饰层的与所述包覆成型件相对的一侧上的半导体层,所述半导体层构造成发射穿过所述装饰层的光。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆贴花,进一步包括:
反射层,所述反射层接近所述半导体层定位并且构造成将光反射到所述半导体层中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆贴花,其中,所述反射层包括TiO2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆贴花,进一步包括:
位于所述反射层的与所述半导体层相对的一侧上的粘合层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆贴花,其中,所述半导体层包括多个量子点。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆贴花,其中,所述多个量子点悬浮在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车辆贴花,其中,所述装饰层构造为至少部分透光的。
8.一种车辆,包括:
限定表面的格栅;
位于所述表面上的贴花,所述贴花包括:
装饰层;以及
位于所述装饰层上的半导体层;以及
光源,所述光源接近所述贴花定位并且构造成将光发射到所述贴花上,其中,所述半导体层构造成被来自所述贴花的光激发。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车辆,其中,所述半导体层构造成响应于由来自所述光源的光的激发而发射穿过所述装饰层的光。
10.根据权利要求9所述的车辆,进一步包括:
反射层,所述反射层位于所述半导体层和所述表面之间并且构造成将光反射到所述半导体层中。
11.根据权利要求8所述的车辆,其中,所述半导体层包括多个量子点。
12.根据权利要求8所述的车辆,其中,包覆成型件包括硅并且厚度小于约1mm。
13.根据权利要求8所述的车辆,其中,所述装饰层包括真空金属。
14.一种车辆,包括:
所述车辆的表面;
位于所述表面上的贴花,所述贴花包括:
装饰层;以及
位于所述装饰层上的半导体层;以及
光源,所述光源位于所述半导体层的与所述装饰层相对的一侧上,所述光源构造成将光发射到所述半导体层中。
15.根据权利要求14所述的车辆,进一步包括:
位于所述光源和所述表面之间的粘合层。
16.根据权利要求15所述的车辆,其中,所述表面为外表面并且位于格栅上。
17.根据权利要求16所述的车辆,其中,来自所述光源的光具有大于约800nm的波长。
18.根据权利要求17所述的车辆,其中,所述半导体层构造成响应于由来自所述光源的光的激发而发射波长小于约800nm的光。
19.根据权利要求18所述的车辆,其中,所述半导体层包括多个量子点。
20.根据权利要求19所述的车辆,进一步包括:
位于所述装饰层上方的包覆成型件。
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MX2017008647A (es) | 2018-09-10 |
US10137826B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
US20180001816A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
US9855888B1 (en) | 2018-01-02 |
CN107539236B (zh) | 2022-07-01 |
DE202017103775U1 (de) | 2017-07-20 |
US20180079354A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
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