CN107534390B - 双向直流电压变换器 - Google Patents

双向直流电压变换器 Download PDF

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CN107534390B
CN107534390B CN201680023747.6A CN201680023747A CN107534390B CN 107534390 B CN107534390 B CN 107534390B CN 201680023747 A CN201680023747 A CN 201680023747A CN 107534390 B CN107534390 B CN 107534390B
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CN107534390A (zh
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D.舍库林
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Bucher Hydraulics AG
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Schmidhauser AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584Bidirectional converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/285Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/342Active non-dissipative snubbers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种双向直流电压变换器(1),其具有:第一半桥电路(2);第二半桥电路(3);至少一个变压器(4),所述变压器具有第一初级绕组(4a)和第二初级绕组(4b)以及至少一个次级绕组(4c,4d),其中第一半桥电路(2)被构造用于在第一初级绕组(4a)处产生交流电压,而第二半桥电路(3)被构造用于在第二初级绕组(4b)处产生交流电压;以及至少一个在电桥装置中的双向的换流器电路(5;5a,5b),其中,所述双向的换流器电路与所述次级绕组电耦合,其中所述电桥装置具有第一桥接头极(6)和第二桥接头极(7),其中,换流器电路(5)具有电压限制装置(8),所述电压限制装置具有开关元件(M9)。

Description

双向直流电压变换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双向直流电压变换器。
背景技术
已知用于高输出电流的直流电压变换器(也称为直流调节器)的不同拓扑结构。通常使用全桥电路,所述全桥电路具有在输出侧分开的绕组或电流倍增器-电路(电流倍加器(current doubler))。
在使用直至850V的中间电路电压的情况下,优选使用具有1200V的耐压强度的IGBT(栅绝缘双极晶体管),这如上导致对开关频率的明显限制,由此需要相对大的电感器件。
从DE 10 2012 219 365 A1中已知一种单向直流调节器,在所述直流调节器的情况下,两个不对称的半桥在变压器的分开的初级绕组上工作。这实现了将MOSFET使用作为开关元件,由此可以显着提高开关频率。
发明内容
本发明所基于的任务是,提供一种直流电压变换器,所述直流电压变换器尤其是在机动车的汽车电器网络中鉴于在此处要遇到的(anzutreffend)、不同的电压水平方面能够被灵活地使用。
本发明通过根据权利要求1所述的直流电压变换器来实现所述任务。
双向(电能可以在两个方向上被传输)的直流电压变换器具有不对称的第一半桥电路和不对称的第二半桥电路。
直流电压变换器还具有至少一个、尤其是电分离的变压器,所述变压器具有第一初级绕组和第二初级绕组和至少一个次级绕组。 第一半桥电路在第一初级绕组处产生交流电压,而第二半桥电路在第二初级绕组处产生交流电压。
另外,直流电压变换器还具有至少一个双向的换流器电路(Stromrichterschaltung),所述双向的换流器电路以电桥布置与所述一个或多个次级绕组电耦合并且由所述次级绕组供应能量,其中,所述电桥布置包括第一桥接头极(Brückenanschlusspol)和第二桥接头极,在所述桥接头极之间环结(einschleifen)两个桥分支。换流器电路具有电压限制装置,其具有例如以晶体管形式的开关元件,其中,电压限制装置实现“有源箝位(active clamp)”功能。 鉴于“有源箝位”功能方面还可以参考有关的专业文献。
电压限制装置可以具有电容器,其中,开关元件和电容器以串联方式被环结在第一桥接头极和第二桥接头极之间。
直流电压变换器可以具有第一输出接头极和第二输出接头极,其中,输出电压在第一输出接头极和第二输出接头极之间呈现。术语“输出”目前仅用于在直流电压变换器的两侧之间进行术语上的区分。因为直流电压变换器是双向的,所以能量也可以经由输出接头极流入直流电压变换器中。直流电压变换器还可以具有线圈和反极性保护晶体管(Verpolschutztransistor),其中,线圈和反极性保护晶体管以串联的方式在第一桥接头极和第一输出接头极之间或在第二桥接头极和第二输出接头极之间被环结。
直流电压变换器可以具有(换流器)电容器,其中,在线圈和反极性保护晶体管的连接节点与第二输出接头极之间环结所述电容器。
第一半桥电路和第二半桥电路可以以串联或并联方式被接通。在400V汽车电器网络的情况下,半桥电路例如可以并联地被接通。在第一半桥电路和第二半桥电路并联接通的情况下,第一半桥电路和第二半桥电路的输入接头被并联接通,其中,在输入接头处存在相同的输入电压,例如分别为400V的汽车电器网络电压。在800V汽车电器网络的情况下,半桥电路例如可以以串联的方式被接通。在第一半桥电路和第二半桥电路串联接通的情况下,第一半桥电路和第二半桥电路的输入接头以串联的方式被接通,使得在输入接头处仅存在汽车电器网络电压的一半,即,在800V的汽车电器网络电压的情况下由于串联电路仅分别为400V的输入电压。
变压器可以具有第一次级绕组和第二次级绕组,其中,第一次级绕组和第二次级绕组以串联方式或以并联方式被接通。在期望的输出电压为24V的情况下,次级绕组例如可以以并联的方式被接通。在期望的输出电压为48V的情况下,所述次级绕组例如可以以串联的方式被接通。
可以设置第一换流器电路和第二换流器电路,其中,第一换流器电路与第一次级绕组电耦合,并且其中,第二换流器电路与第二次级绕组电耦合。这样显著提高灵活性。
根据本发明的直流电压变换器例如实现:在具有例如800V额定电压的高压的汽车电器网络和具有例如24V额定电压的低压的汽车电器网络之间的双向能量交换,正如它们是存在于现代的电动车或混合动力汽车中的,其中所述直流电压变换器例如可以被用作汽车电器网络变换器。
由于所使用的组件的拓扑结构和特性,通过灵活接线不仅可以在高电压电平(例如400V/800V)上而且还可以在低电压电平(例如24V/48 V)上经济地覆盖不同的电压电平。
附图说明
接下来参照附图详细地描述本发明。在此情况下:
图1示出根据第一种实施方式的按照本发明的直流电压变换器的电路图,
图2示出根据另一种实施方式的按照本发明的直流电压变换器的电路图,
图3示出根据另一种实施方式的按照本发明的直流电压变换器的电路图,和
图4示出根据另一种实施方式的按照本发明的直流电压变换器的电路图。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据第一种实施方式的双向直流电压变换器1,所述双向直流电压变换器例如可以在机动车中用作汽车电器网络变换器。
所述直流电压变换器1具有不对称的第一半桥电路2和不对称的第二半桥电路3,所述半桥电路可以例如在接头ZK1+和ZK1-或者ZK2+和ZK2-处被连接到中间电路。所述半桥电路2和3可以以并联接通的方式或串联接通的方式与中间电路电压电连接。
直流电压变换器1另外还具有变压器4。所述变压器4具有第一初级绕组4a和第二初级绕组4b和第一次级绕组4c和第二次级绕组4d。第一半桥电路2被构造用于,在第一初级绕组4a处由中间电路电压产生交流电压,而第二半桥电路3被构造用于,在第二初级绕组4b处由中间电路电压产生交流电压。
为了产生交流电压,半桥电路2具有以如图所示的方式来接通的电容器C1、晶体管M1和M3以及二极管D1和D3。相应地,第二半桥电路3具有以如图所示的方式来接通的电容器C2、晶体管M2和M4以及二极管D2和D4。以已知的方法和方式操控晶体管M1至M4,以便在初级绕组4a和4b处产生交流电压。
直流电压变换器1另外还具有至少一个双向换流器电路5,所述双向换流器电路以电桥布置与次级绕组4c和4d电耦合,其中所述电桥布置具有第一桥接头极6和第二桥接头极7。
所述电桥布置具有第一桥分支以及第二桥分支,其中所述第一桥分支具有晶体管M5和M6,所述第二桥分支具有晶体管M7和M8。在桥接头极6和7之间环结所述桥分支。次级绕组4c和4d以并联方式被接通,其中,次级绕组4c和4d的相应的第一接头与所述桥分支之一的晶体管M5和M6的连接节点电连接,并且次级绕组4c和4d的相应的第二接头与其中另一个桥分支的晶体管M7和M8的连接节点电连接。
在桥接头极6和7之间环结电压限制装置8。所述电压限制装置8具有以晶体管形式的开关元件M9和以串联方式接通的电容器C3。开关元件M9借助(未详细示出的)操控装置来操控,使得电压限制装置8实现所谓的有源箝位功能。为了避免重复,鉴于有源箝位功能的其他细节方面也可参考有关的专业文献。
变压器4的次级侧上的有源箝位电路8实现了,在良好地充分利用可用的功率半导体M1至M9的情况下以高效率进行反馈运行(Rückspeisebetrieb)。
直流电压变换器1具有第一(输出)接头极DC+和第二(输出)接头极DC-,其中,在第一输出接头极DC+和第二输出接头极DC-之间呈现(输出)电压,所述(输出)电压基于中间电路电压具有较低的电平,例如24V DC或48V DC,其中所述中间电路电压存在于接头ZK1+和ZK1-或者ZK2+和ZK2-处,。
直流电压变换器1另外还具有线圈L1和反极性保护晶体管M10,其中,线圈L1和反极性保护晶体管M10以串联的方式在第一桥接头极6和第一输出接头极DC+之间被环结。
直流电压变换器1另外还具有电容器C4,在线圈L1和反极性保护晶体管M10的连接节点和第二输出接头极DC-之间环结所述电容器。
图2示出根据第二种实施方式的双向直流电压变换器1'。与图1中所示的实施方式不同,在所述直流电压变换器1'的情况下,次级绕组4c和4d以串联的方式被接通,使得例如可以在接头DC+和DC-处输出48V DC的较高的电压。至于其余方面,实施方式是相同的,使得为了避免重复可参照以上讲述。
图3示出根据第三种实施方式的双向直流电压变换器1''。 与图1中所示的实施方式不同,在这里两个以相同方式构建的换流器电路5a,5b分别以电桥布置设置,它们的相应构造对应于图1中所示的换流器电路5。第二换流器电路5b在所示接线中具有五个晶体管M11至M16、两个电容器C5和C6以及线圈L2。
直流电压变换器1''具有最大灵活性,因为对电压电平和电流范围的灵活的外部转换(串联/并联电路)不仅在高的中间电路电压电平(400V/800V)上而且也在低的电压电平(24V/48V)上是可能的。
图4示出根据第四种实施方式的双向直流电压变换器1’’’。 与图1中所示的实施方式不同,线圈L1和反极性保护晶体管M10在第二桥接头极7和第二输出接头极DC-之间被环结。
所示的开关元件或晶体管M1至M16全部可以是分别由未示出的操控单元所操控的MOSFET。操控单元例如可以是微处理器。
根据本发明的直流调节器实现,在高功率密度条件下鉴于电压电平方面的高灵活性情况下的双向运行。

Claims (6)

1.一种双向直流电压变换器(1;1';1'';1'''),所述双向直流电压变换器具有:
- 第一半桥电路(2),
- 第二半桥电路(3),
- 至少一个变压器(4),所述变压器具有第一初级绕组(4a)和第二初级绕组(4b)和至少一个次级绕组(4c,4d),其中,所述第一半桥电路(2)被构造用于在所述第一初级绕组(4a)处产生交流电压,而所述第二半桥电路(3)被构造用于在所述第二初级绕组(4b)处产生交流电压,其中所述第一半桥电路和所述第二半桥电路以并联或串联的方式电连接到中间电路电压,并且所述第一半桥电路被设计为在所述第一初级绕组处从所述中间电路电压产生交流电压,并且所述第二半桥电路被设计为在所述第二初级绕组处从所述中间电路电压产生交流电压,以及
- 至少一个双向的换流器电路(5;5a,5b),所述双向的换流器电路以电桥布置与所述次级绕组电耦合,其中,所述电桥布置具有第一桥接头极(6)和第二桥接头极(7),
- 其中,所述换流器电路(5;5a,5b)具有电压限制装置(8;8a,8b),所述电压限制装置具有开关元件(M9,M15)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双向直流电压变换器(1;1';1'';1'''),
- 其中,所述电压限制装置(8;8a,8b)具有电压限制电容器(C3,C5),其中,所述开关元件(M9,M15)和所述电压限制电容器(C3,C5)以串联方式在所述第一桥接头极(6)和所述第二桥接头极(7)之间被环结。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的双向直流电压变换器(1;1';1'';1'''),所述双向直流电压变换器具有:
- 第一输出接头极(DC+)和第二输出接头极(DC-),其中,输出电压在所述第一输出接头极(DC+)和所述第二输出接头极(DC-)之间呈现,和
- 线圈(L1,L2)和反极性保护晶体管(M10,M16),其中,所述线圈(L1,L2)和所述反极性保护晶体管(M10,M16)以串联的方式在所述第一桥接头极(6)与所述第一输出接头极(DC+)之间被环结或在所述第二桥接头极(7)与所述第二输出接头极(DC-)之间被环结。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双向直流电压变换器(1;1';1'';1'''),所述双向直流电压变换器具有:
- 换流器电容器(C4,C6),其中,在所述线圈(L1,L2)和所述反极性保护晶体管(M10,M16)的连接节点与所述第二输出接头极(DC-)之间环结所述换流器电容器(C4,C6)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的双向直流电压变换器(1;1';1'';1'''),
- 其中,所述变压器具有第一次级绕组(4c)和第二次级绕组(4d),其中,所述第一次级绕组(4c)和所述第二次级绕组(4d)以串联或并联方式被接通。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的双向直流电压变换器(1;1';1'';1'''),
- 其中,设置第一换流器电路(5a)和第二换流器电路(5b),并且所述变压器包括第一次级绕组(4c)和第二次级绕组(4d),其中,所述第一换流器电路(5a)与所述第一次级绕组(4c)电耦合,并且其中所述第二换流器电路(5b)与所述第二次级绕组(4d)电耦合。
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