CN107522887A - 保鲜膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

保鲜膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107522887A
CN107522887A CN201710823225.0A CN201710823225A CN107522887A CN 107522887 A CN107522887 A CN 107522887A CN 201710823225 A CN201710823225 A CN 201710823225A CN 107522887 A CN107522887 A CN 107522887A
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coated
coating
resistant coating
fungus resistant
face
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CN107522887B (zh
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张勇军
钟文
罗臻
韦雪雪
田璐
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Changde Deyuan Investment Promotion Co ltd
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Changde Jinde New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种保鲜膜及其制备方法，该保鲜膜的制备方法包括以下步骤：获取基层，所述基层包括相对的第一面和第二面；在所述第一面涂布防霉涂层；在所述第二面涂布阻隔涂层，即得所述保鲜膜。本发明采用双面涂布的方式，在基层的两面均涂布保鲜涂层，且一面涂布防霉涂层，另一面涂布阻隔涂层，使保鲜膜既具有良好的致密性，阻隔水蒸气和空气的能力较好，又具有良好的抗霉杀菌效果，两种涂层协同作用共同提高了保鲜膜的保鲜效果。

Description

保鲜膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及保鲜技术领域，特别是涉及一种保鲜膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
新鲜食品如水果、肉类等储存期较短的物品存放的条件比较苛刻，否则就会因为微生物大量繁殖发生霉变使其不再新鲜，失去原有的价值。行业内传统的方法是使用干燥剂和强氧化剂以达到保鲜作用，以干燥剂来营造一个相对缺水的环境，抑制霉菌的生长，以强氧化剂来杀灭霉菌。但强氧化剂对人体和环境不友好，干燥剂在吸收空气中的水分同时也会吸收食品中的水分，进而造成食品脱水的问题。
目前，在家庭生活、超市卖场、宾馆饭店及工业生产的食品包装领域，越来越多地使用保鲜膜来进行食品的保存，但传统保鲜膜的致密性较差，对水蒸气和空气的阻隔能力不足，保鲜效果较差。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种致密性较好、保鲜效果优异的保鲜膜的制备方法。
具体的技术方案如下：
一种保鲜膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
获取基层，所述基层包括相对的第一面和第二面；
在所述第一面涂布防霉涂层；
在所述第二面涂布阻隔涂层，即得所述保鲜膜。
在其中一个实施例中，以正向涂布的方式涂布所述防霉涂层，以反向涂布的方式涂布所述阻隔涂层。
在其中一个实施例中，所述涂布时的干涂量为2.0～2.5g/m2，所述涂布时的速度为80～120m/min。
在其中一个实施例中，涂布所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层后，还包括以下步骤：用抹平刷将所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层刷抹平整，且所述抹平刷与所述防霉涂层或所述阻隔涂层接触时垂直于接触面。
在其中一个实施例中，涂布所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层后，还包括以下步骤：用烘干装置对所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层进行烘干。
在其中一个实施例中，涂布所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层后，还包括以下步骤：用至少两个加热辊分别从所述防霉涂层的表面和所述阻隔涂层的表面进行热压，碾平。
在其中一个实施例中，所述碾平后，还包括以下步骤：以3～8℃/min的冷却速度进行冷却。
在其中一个实施例中，包括以下步骤：
获取基层，所述基层包括相对的第一面和第二面；
在所述第一面涂布防霉涂层；
在所述第二面涂布阻隔涂层；
用抹平刷将所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层刷抹平整，且所述抹平刷与所述防霉涂层或所述阻隔涂层接触时垂直于接触面；然后用烘干装置对所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层进行烘干；
用至少两个加热辊分别从所述防霉涂层的表面和所述阻隔涂层的表面进行热压，碾平；然后以3～8℃/min的冷却速度进行冷却，即得所述保鲜膜。
本发明还提供了一种根据上述制备方法制备得到的保鲜膜。
本发明还提供了一种保鲜膜，包括基层、防霉涂层和阻隔涂层；
所述基层包括相对的第一面和第二面；所述防霉涂层覆盖于所述第一面，所述阻隔涂层覆盖于所述第二面。
本发明的原理和有益效果如下：
本发明采用双面涂布的方式，在基层的两面均涂布保鲜涂层，且一面涂布防霉涂层，另一面涂布阻隔涂层，使保鲜膜既具有良好的致密性，阻隔水蒸气和空气的能力较好，又具有良好的抗霉杀菌效果，两种涂层协同作用共同提高了保鲜膜的保鲜效果。
进一步地，涂布时一面为正向涂布的方式，另一面为反向涂布的方式，其中正向涂布方式，即用压辊压在涂布辊上，将涂布辊上的涂层料液转移到基层上，基层的运动是通过涂布辊拉动的，故基层的运行方向与涂布辊的转动方向一致，所以称为正向涂布；反向涂布方式，即基材运动方向与涂布辊的转动方向相反，且涂布辊与基层接触压力很小。通过这种两面方向相异的涂布方式，尤其是同时合理控制干涂量和涂布的速度，一方面反向涂布使基层与涂布辊具有更大的有效接触面积，在提高了上料量的同时，能够提供更适宜的流平环境，流平越好，涂层越平整，致密性越好，同时基层与涂布辊的反向移动，导致了相对摩擦力的出现，该摩擦力带有抹平的效果，能够进一步促进涂层均匀性和致密性的提高，涂层越均匀，致密性越好，其对水蒸气和空气的阻隔性能越好；另一方面，正向涂布时压辊加压在涂布辊上的压力能够有效地确保高粘度的涂层液料均匀足量地涂抹到基层上，提高涂层均匀性和致密性，可以理解，基层两面的涂布可以同时进行，从而正向涂布和反向涂布协同作用使涂布的效果更好，且省时省力。
进一步地，通过抹平刷以垂直抹平的方式将基层表面的涂层刷抹平整，可以进一步提高涂层的均匀性和致密度，减小因流平引起的缩孔、漏涂或者涂层不均等缺陷。
进一步地，加热辊从保鲜膜的相对两面进行热压，能够促进涂层的再结晶，最大程度的提升其阻隔性，同时也能够促使涂层进入基层内部，通过涂层中的防霉剂抑制基层的霉变，在抑制被包装物的霉变的同时，也抑制了保鲜膜自身的霉变。
进一步地，采用缓慢冷却的方式能够保证涂层固化的一致性，避免由于内外温度降低速度不一致而产生应力，进而造成涂层开裂，导致保鲜膜的阻隔性和致密性降低的问题，保障了保鲜膜的保鲜效果。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将对本发明进行更全面的描述。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本发明一实施方式的保鲜膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤S1～S3：
S1、获取基层，基层包括相对的第一面和第二面；
S2、在第一面涂布防霉涂层。
S3、在第二面涂布阻隔涂层，即得保鲜膜。
可选地，基层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和/或聚酰胺，防霉涂层包括65％～85％树脂和15％～35％防霉剂，阻隔涂层包括5％～40％聚乙烯醇、5％～25％琼脂、0.05％～5％硼砂、0.05％～5％硼酸和30％～85％水。可以理解，基层、防霉涂层和阻隔涂层的具体种类不限于此，现有的保鲜膜基层、用于防霉杀菌的防霉涂层和用于阻隔空气及水蒸气的阻隔涂层均可适用于本发明。
可选地，防霉涂层中的树脂为部分水解的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯类共聚物、聚偏二氯乙烯、改性聚偏二氯乙烯、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、核壳结构丙烯酸酯类共聚物和IPN结构聚氨酯中的一种或多种。
可选地，防霉涂层中的防霉剂包括天然提取物类防霉剂和/或非天然提取物类防霉剂，天然提取物类防霉剂为辣椒素、花椒素、姜辣素、儿茶素、柠檬酸、大蒜素、壳聚糖、山梨酸、姜黄根醇、香樟精油、孟宗竹提取物、中药提取物、日柏醇和乳酸链球菌素中的一种或多种，非天然提取物类防霉剂为双乙酸钠、山梨酸钾/钠、柠檬酸钾/钠、丙酸钙、抗坏血酸钠/钾、水杨酸钠、水杨菌胺、十二烷基丙氨酸、异维生素C钠、卡松(异噻唑啉酮)、尼泊金甲/乙酯(对羟基苯甲酸酯)和溶菌霉中的一种或多种。
优选地，以正向涂布的方式涂布防霉涂层，以反向涂布的方式涂布阻隔涂层。
可选地，涂布时的干涂量为2.0～2.5g/m2。干涂量是指使用的涂层料液涂布到基层上，溶剂成分挥发掉后剩下的质量，一般以克/平方米为单位，也就是涂料干燥后的有效成分在一定面积的基层上的量。
可选地，涂布时的速度为80～120m/min。可以理解，生产设备可以是一个整体，各工序速度统一，涂布速度与基层行进的速度相同，调整涂布速度即调整了其他工序的速度。
在一个实施例中，涂布防霉涂层和/或阻隔涂层后，还包括以下步骤：用抹平刷将基层表面的防霉涂层和/或阻隔涂层刷抹平整，且抹平刷与防霉涂层或阻隔涂层接触时垂直于接触面。优选地，抹平刷的刷毛的直径小于100nm，纳米级结构的抹平刷可以更好地提高涂层的均匀性和致密度。具体地，抹平刷的压力为2.0～4.0kg。
在一个实施例中，涂布防霉涂层和/或阻隔涂层后，还包括以下步骤：用烘干装置对基层表面的防霉涂层和/或阻隔涂层进行烘干。优选地，烘干装置为悬浮烘箱，可以有效的防止涂层在未完全干燥之前与其它物体接触而引起的污染。具体地，悬浮烘箱从入口端到出口端的温场依次为40℃～50℃、105℃～115℃、138℃～142℃、148℃～152℃、105℃～115℃。
在一个实施例中，涂布防霉涂层和/或阻隔涂层后，还包括以下步骤：用至少两个加热辊分别从防霉涂层的表面和阻隔涂层的表面进行热压，碾平。具体地，加热辊的热压压力为30～50kg。
在一个实施例中，碾平后，还包括以下步骤：以3～8℃/min的冷却速度进行冷却。
在一个实施例中，保鲜膜的制备方法包括以下步骤：
获取基层，基层包括相对的第一面和第二面；
在第一面涂布防霉涂层；
在第二面涂布阻隔涂层；
用抹平刷将防霉涂层和/或阻隔涂层刷抹平整，且抹平刷与防霉涂层或阻隔涂层接触时垂直于接触面；然后用烘干装置对防霉涂层和/或阻隔涂层进行烘干；
用至少两个加热辊分别从防霉涂层的表面和阻隔涂层的表面进行热压，碾平；然后以3～8℃/min的冷却速度进行冷却，即得保鲜膜。
在一个实施例中，涂布之前还包括放卷步骤，冷却之后还包括收卷步骤。
本发明采用双面涂布的方式，在基层的两面均涂布保鲜涂层，且一面涂布防霉涂层，另一面涂布阻隔涂层，使保鲜膜既具有良好的致密性，阻隔水蒸气和空气的能力较好，又具有良好的抗霉杀菌效果，两种涂层协同作用共同提高了保鲜膜的保鲜效果。
进一步地，涂布时一面为正向涂布的方式，另一面为反向涂布的方式，其中正向涂布方式，即用压辊压在涂布辊上，将涂布辊上的涂层料液转移到基层上，基层的运动是通过涂布辊拉动的，故基层的运行方向与涂布辊的转动方向一致，所以称为正向涂布；反向涂布方式，即基材运动方向与涂布辊的转动方向相反，且涂布辊与基层接触压力很小。通过这种两面方向相异的涂布方式，尤其是同时合理控制干涂量和涂布的速度，一方面反向涂布使基层与涂布辊具有更大的有效接触面积，在提高了上料量的同时，能够提供更适宜的流平环境，流平越好，涂层越平整，致密性越好，同时基层与涂布辊的反向移动，导致了相对摩擦力的出现，该摩擦力带有抹平的效果，能够进一步促进涂层均匀性和致密性的提高，涂层越均匀，致密性越好，其对水蒸气和空气的阻隔性能越好；另一方面，正向涂布时压辊加压在涂布辊上的压力能够有效地确保高粘度的涂层液料均匀足量地涂抹到基层上，提高涂层均匀性和致密性，可以理解，基层两面的涂布可以同时进行，从而正向涂布和反向涂布协同作用使涂布的效果更好，且省时省力。
进一步地，通过抹平刷以垂直抹平的方式将基层表面的涂层刷抹平整，可以进一步提高涂层的均匀性和致密度，减小因流平引起的缩孔、漏涂或者涂层不均等缺陷。
进一步地，加热辊从保鲜膜的相对两面进行热压，能够促进涂层的再结晶，最大程度的提升其阻隔性，同时也能够促使涂层进入基层内部，通过涂层中的防霉剂抑制基层的霉变，在抑制被包装物的霉变的同时，也抑制了保鲜膜自身的霉变。
进一步地，采用缓慢冷却的方式能够保证涂层固化的一致性，避免由于内外温度降低速度不一致而产生应力，进而造成涂层开裂，导致保鲜膜的阻隔性和致密性降低的问题，保障了保鲜膜的保鲜效果。
本发明还提供了一种根据上述制备方法制备得到的保鲜膜。
本发明还提供了一种保鲜膜，包括基层、防霉涂层和阻隔涂层，基层包括相对的第一面和第二面，防霉涂层覆盖于第一面，阻隔涂层覆盖于第二面。
可选地，基层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和/或聚酰胺，防霉涂层包括65％～85％树脂和15％～35％防霉剂，阻隔涂层包括5％～40％聚乙烯醇、5％～25％琼脂、0.05％～5％硼砂、0.05％～5％硼酸和30％～85％水。可以理解，基层、防霉涂层和阻隔涂层的具体种类不限于此，现有的保鲜膜基层、用于防霉杀菌的防霉涂层和用于阻隔空气及水蒸气的阻隔涂层均可适用于本发明。
可选地，防霉涂层中的树脂为部分水解的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯类共聚物、聚偏二氯乙烯、改性聚偏二氯乙烯、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、核壳结构丙烯酸酯类共聚物和IPN结构聚氨酯中的一种或多种。
可选地，防霉涂层中的防霉剂包括天然提取物类防霉剂和/或非天然提取物类防霉剂，天然提取物类防霉剂为辣椒素、花椒素、姜辣素、儿茶素、柠檬酸、大蒜素、壳聚糖、山梨酸、姜黄根醇、香樟精油、孟宗竹提取物、中药提取物、日柏醇和乳酸链球菌素中的一种或多种，非天然提取物类防霉剂为双乙酸钠、山梨酸钾/钠、柠檬酸钾/钠、丙酸钙、抗坏血酸钠/钾、水杨酸钠、水杨菌胺、十二烷基丙氨酸、异维生素C钠、卡松(异噻唑啉酮)、尼泊金甲/乙酯(对羟基苯甲酸酯)和溶菌霉中的一种或多种。
以下为具体实施例。
实施例1
获取基层，基层包括相对的第一面和第二面。
基层经过放卷步骤后，在第一面以正向涂布的方式涂布防霉涂层，在第二面以反向涂布的方式涂布阻隔涂层，干涂量为2.2g/m2，涂布速度为100m/min。
然后用抹平刷将防霉涂层和阻隔涂层刷抹平整，且抹平刷与防霉涂层或阻隔涂层接触时垂直于接触面，抹平刷的压力为3kg。
用悬浮烘箱对基层表面的防霉涂层和阻隔涂层进行烘干，悬浮烘箱从入口端到出口端的温场依次为45℃、110℃、140℃、150℃、110℃。
用至少两个加热辊分别从防霉涂层的表面和阻隔涂层的表面进行热压，碾平，加热辊的热压压力为40kg。然后以5℃/min的冷却速度进行冷却，然后经收卷步骤即得保鲜膜。
实施例2
制备方法与实施例1基本相同，区别在于第一面和第二面均以正向涂布的方式分别涂布防霉涂层和阻隔涂层。
实施例3
制备方法与实施例1基本相同，区别在于第一面和第二面均以反向涂布的方式分别涂布防霉涂层和阻隔涂层。
实施例4
制备方法与实施例2基本相同，区别在于不包括用至少两个加热辊从防霉涂层的表面和阻隔涂层的表面进行热压，碾平的步骤。
对比例1
制备方法与实施例1基本相同，区别在于仅在第一面以正向涂布的方式涂布防霉涂层。
对比例2
制备方法与实施例1基本相同，区别在于仅在第二面以反向涂布的方式涂布阻隔涂层。
将实施例1～4和对比例1～2的保鲜膜及基层进行保鲜效果测试，测试环境温度为45℃，相对湿度为65％RH，测试对象为苹果，结果如表1所示。
表1
从表1可以看出，对比例1～2和基层的保鲜效果较差，苹果很快就开始氧化变质，而实施例1～4的氧气和水蒸气阻隔能力较好，同时防霉变能力较好，保鲜效果优异，说明本发明在基层的一面涂布防霉涂层，另一面涂布阻隔涂层，使保鲜膜既具有良好的致密性，阻隔水蒸气和空气的能力较好，又具有良好的抗霉杀菌效果，两种涂层协同作用共同提高了保鲜膜的保鲜效果。同时，实施例1的保鲜效果比实施例2和3更好，说明两面方向相异的涂布方式，能够进一步促进涂层均匀性和致密性的提高，对水蒸气和空气的阻隔性能更好，保鲜效果更优异。此外，实施例2的保鲜效果优于实施例4，说明通过加热辊从保鲜膜的相对两面进行热压后，能够有效地提升其致密性和抗霉杀菌能力。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
获取基层，所述基层包括相对的第一面和第二面；
在所述第一面涂布防霉涂层；
在所述第二面涂布阻隔涂层，即得所述保鲜膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，以正向涂布的方式涂布所述防霉涂层，以反向涂布的方式涂布所述阻隔涂层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述涂布时的干涂量为2.0～2.5g/m2，所述涂布时的速度为80～120m/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，涂布所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层后，还包括以下步骤：用抹平刷将所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层刷抹平整，且所述抹平刷与所述防霉涂层或所述阻隔涂层接触时垂直于接触面。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，涂布所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层后，还包括以下步骤：用烘干装置对所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层进行烘干。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，涂布所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层后，还包括以下步骤：用至少两个加热辊分别从所述防霉涂层的表面和所述阻隔涂层的表面进行热压，碾平。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述碾平后，还包括以下步骤：以3～8℃/min的冷却速度进行冷却。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
获取基层，所述基层包括相对的第一面和第二面；
在所述第一面涂布防霉涂层；
在所述第二面涂布阻隔涂层；
用抹平刷将所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层刷抹平整，且所述抹平刷与所述防霉涂层或所述阻隔涂层接触时垂直于接触面；然后用烘干装置对所述防霉涂层和/或所述阻隔涂层进行烘干；
用至少两个加热辊分别从所述防霉涂层的表面和所述阻隔涂层的表面进行热压，碾平；然后以3～8℃/min的冷却速度进行冷却，即得所述保鲜膜。
9.一种保鲜膜，其特征在于，根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
10.一种保鲜膜，其特征在于，包括基层、防霉涂层和阻隔涂层；
所述基层包括相对的第一面和第二面；
所述防霉涂层覆盖于所述第一面，所述阻隔涂层覆盖于所述第二面。
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