CN107519528A - 一种生物可吸收的骨蜡及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生物可吸收的骨蜡及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107519528A
CN107519528A CN201710760886.3A CN201710760886A CN107519528A CN 107519528 A CN107519528 A CN 107519528A CN 201710760886 A CN201710760886 A CN 201710760886A CN 107519528 A CN107519528 A CN 107519528A
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bone wax
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郭晓波
张红霞
李乐平
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Jinan Shangzhi Medical Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Shandong Provincial Hospital
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种具有促愈合功能的生物可吸收骨蜡,由以下成分组成(g/kg):可吸收生物陶瓷500‑800,促进骨愈合药物5×10‑9‑2.5×10‑7,抗菌和抗炎症药物5‑20,黄原胶10‑20,氯化钠9;所述可吸收生物陶瓷选自β‑磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石,促进骨愈合药物为生长因子。本发明还提供了上述骨蜡的制备方法:将黄原胶配制为溶液后加入可吸收生物陶瓷及促进骨愈合药物与抗菌和抗炎症药物,告诉剪切混匀后获得。本发明的骨蜡生物相容性好、可在人体中被降解吸收,无炎症反应,还能够促进血液凝固,具有抑菌止痛的效果。

Description

一种生物可吸收的骨蜡及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种骨科或外科中使用的具有促愈合功能并具有生物可吸收性的骨蜡及其制备方法,属于生物医药材料技术领域。
背景技术
在外科手术过程中,常会出现骨出血的现象,因而,需要控制骨出血或者采取骨止血措施。人们研究和开发了骨蜡作为机械屏障施用涂覆在骨上,可以有效控制骨出血的现象。目前用于外科手术中的骨蜡,大多都是从蜂蜡制备的,通过将蜂蜡与水不溶性烃和植物油混合而制得。这类型的骨蜡的缺点就是该蜡在室温时粘合性差,脆性大。此外,最常见的石蜡基骨蜡是人体不吸收的,这种蜡当用于手术时,会在施用部位长时间存留。因此,此类骨蜡用于人体时很容易造成感染并引起炎症反应,破坏周围组织,影响骨的再生长。
羟基磷灰石(HAP)是骨中的主要矿物成分,它有良好的生物相容性和骨传导性,并能与新生骨直接结合,因此多种不同结构和性状的HAP用不同的方法研制出来,用于修复骨摇中摸伤的或病变的部分。但是HAP与骨矿物质相似的晶体结构,倾向于与骨组织保持化学和生物学平衡,因此在体内太稳定难以吸收。β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)比HAP能更好地吸收和择解,一定比例的β-TCP/ HAP双相陶瓷在修复骨缺损中比单一的陶瓷更有效。
骨折的愈合是一较复杂的过程,它受全身状况、局部菌素及损伤程度等多种因素的影响。在诸多影响因素中,起主要作用的是局部的骨生长因子,各种生长因子协同作用促进骨折的愈合。
现有技术中,作为胶粘填充成分的可吸收材料有合成高分子和天然生物高分子,天然生物材料可生物降解,维持时间较短,有的只有几个月时间,但不良反应发生率较低,相对安全。主要包括胶原蛋白类、透明质酸类等产品。胶原蛋白类产品又分人源和非人源的,人源胶原蛋白材料来源有限,价格昂贵,且存在传播病毒的风险;非人源胶原蛋白是人体异种蛋白,易出现排斥反应,造成过敏反应和并发症。由于天然提取的透明质酸易被体内的酶和自由基降解,在组织中的半衰期只有1-2日,因此作为胶粘填充成分的透明质酸类产品大多是经过交联或修饰的。目前市场常用的交联剂都存在刺激性甚至毒性,对人体有潜在危害。
发明内容
针对现有技术中骨蜡不被人体吸收及影响骨的再生长等问题,本发明提供一种具有促愈合功能的生物可吸收骨蜡,生物相容性好、可在人体中被降解吸收,无炎症反应,还能够促进血液凝固,具有抑菌止痛的效果。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述骨蜡的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种生物可吸收的骨蜡,其特征在于,由以下成分组成(g/kg):
可吸收生物陶瓷500-800,促进骨愈合药物5×10-9-2.5×10-7,抗菌和抗炎症药物5-20,黄原胶10-20,氯化钠9。
所述可吸收生物陶瓷选自β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)和羟基磷灰石(HAP)中的至少一种;
优选地,可吸收生物陶瓷为β-磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石的混合。
更为优选地,β-磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石的质量比为60-90:10-40。
所述促进骨愈合药物选自骨形成发生蛋白(BMP)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、神经生长因子(NGF)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)和血小板源生长因子(PDGF)中的至少一种。
优选地,促进骨愈合药物为骨形成发生蛋白、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、神经生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子和血小板源生长因子的混合。
更优选地,BMP、bFGF、NGF、IGF和PDGF在骨蜡中的终浓度分别为:20-50ng/g、5-100ng/g、10-50 ng/g、10-20 ng/g和5-30 ng/g。
所述抗菌和抗炎症药物为2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖(2-DG)和盐酸曲马多。
可选地,2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖(2-DG)和盐酸曲马多的质量比为5-1:1。
所述黄原胶的分子量为200-500万。
一种上述骨蜡的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)高速剪切条件下,将黄原胶以生理盐水配制成溶液;
(2)将可吸收生物陶瓷的粉末加入步骤(1)的溶液中,高速剪切混合为均匀悬液;
(3)将促进骨愈合药物与抗菌和抗炎症药物以生理盐水配制成溶液,将药液加入步骤(2)的悬液中,在0-4℃下高速剪切混匀后得到骨蜡。
可选地,剪切速率为10-25 s-1
可选地,黄原胶溶液的粘度为20-300Pa·s(0.1 s-1剪切速率)。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明的生物可吸收人工骨蜡在使用时在骨折断面形成一层高分子薄膜,可将骨折断面与周围组织有效隔离,防止周围组织中的成纤维细跑侵入骨折断面,在骨折断面与周围组织之间形成一个物理屏障。本发明的各成分在体内可降解,可被人体吸收或被排出体外,最终完全从体内消失而不会在体内残留。由于各组成具有良好的生物相容性,可以直接接触骨折断面,因此可使骨形成发生蛋白等生长因子或药物直接在手术创口及其局自部位释放,具有比常规的全身用药更快、更高的疗效,而用药量可大大减少。
软骨内成骨和毛细血管的形成是诱导成骨的重要步骤,而外源性骨生长因子(BMP)可诱导周围组织的间充质细胞转化为不可逆性的骨系细胞,使在骨器或骨路以外部位形成软骨和骨组织;而碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)具有剌激软骨细胞增殖的作用,且是一种很强的毛细血管增殖剌激剂;骨生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在胰岛素样生长因子和血小板源生长因子的共同作用下诱导骨形成、促进骨愈合。
本发明中采用黄原胶具有假塑性,其粘度随剪应变率的增加而减小,在高剪切速率下粘度较小,便于混合药物与材料;剪切力减小后粘度增大,可有效悬浮可吸收陶瓷粉料,并可牢固粘附于骨折处骨表面,不易脱落。而且黄原胶在体内可缓慢吸收降解,不产生有害降解产物、安全性高。
本发明的骨蜡使用不需加热临床操作简便;具有良好的细胞相容性和凝血作用,各种生长因子相互配合能够促进骨血管、神经及成骨细胞的生长,能够加速伤口的愈合;各组分能够完全被人体吸收,用于人体时不会造成感染和炎症反应,不会破坏周围组织,影响骨的再生长。本发明的骨蜡不需交联剂、无交联步骤,制备方法简单,安全性高。
附图说明
图1为成骨细胞数量随培养时间增长图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例与附图对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1 生物可吸收骨蜡的制备。
(1)将分子量为200万的黄原胶加入生理盐水中在25 s-1下高速剪切配制成浓度为1.5%的溶液,粘度约为80Pa·s(0.1 s-1剪切速率);
(2)将β-磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石以质量比为75:25混合,将混合粉末加入步骤(1)的溶液中,高速剪切混合为均匀悬液;
(3)将质量比为1:1的2-DG和盐酸曲马多与BMP、bFGF、NGF、IGF、PDGF以生理盐水配制成溶液,将药液加入步骤(2)的悬液中,其中,生长因子的终浓度分别为20ng/g、10 ng/g、15ng/g、10 ng/g和5 ng/g,在0-4℃下高速剪切混匀后得到灰白色凝胶状骨蜡。
实施例2 骨蜡的生物相容性。
将前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1以3×106/mL细胞数接种入培养瓶中,进行原代培养,待细胞汇合成单层后,用2.5 g/L的胰蛋白酶消化,传代细胞使用条件培养基37 ℃、体积分数为5%的CO2及饱和湿度条件下培养待用。将细胞用2.5 g/L胰蛋白酶消化,1000 rpm离心5min,收集细胞,加入浓度为10%的胎牛血清的新鲜α-MEM培养基,调整细胞浓度至5×106/mL。将细胞悬液加入两个12孔板中,每孔加0.5 mL,其中一个不加骨蜡,设为对照组;将骨蜡放入另一12孔板中,每孔重量相同。在37 ℃、体积分数为5%的CO2及饱和湿度条件下培养,3h后每孔再加入1 mL培养液继续培养,每24 h换液1次。
1天、3天、5天、7天后,在12孔板中每孔加入10 μL CKK-8溶液,置于37 ℃培养箱中继续孵育4 h。用镊子取出骨蜡放入到2 mL离心管中,加入1 mL DMSO,反复吹打后吸取100μL加入酶标板中,在Bio-Rad酶标仪上测定450 nm的吸光度。以测定时间为横坐标,以吸光度值为纵坐标作图1。由图1所示,实施例1的骨蜡中的细胞数量随着时间的延长而增加,表明实施例1制备的可吸收骨蜡具有良好的生物相容性。
实施例3 骨蜡的促凝血作用。
凝血酶原(PT)时间测定:将新鲜采集的全血1.8 mL,加入放有3.8 %枸橼酸钠溶液0.2 mL的试管内,混匀,以3000 rpm离心10 min,分离血浆。取8 mm试管3支,每管加入凝血活酶和0.025 mol/L的CaCl2溶液各0.1 mL,再加入0.1 mL全血/PBS或全血/骨蜡的浸提液的混合物,混匀,立即开始计时。测定凝血酶原时间,并求3管平均值。要求误差小于0.5 s。测定正常血液和加入骨蜡的浸提液的凝血酶原时间。凝血时间缩短率=(对照组血凝时间-骨蜡组血凝时间)/ 对照组血凝时间×100 %。一般以凝血时间比空白对照组缩短30 %以上者认为有效。结果显示,骨蜡提取物凝血酶原时间为9.14 s,PBS凝血酶原时间为14.09 s,凝血时间缩短率为35.13 %;骨蜡提取物的凝血酶原时间显著缩短。

Claims (9)

1.一种生物可吸收的骨蜡,其特征在于,由以下成分组成(g/kg):
可吸收生物陶瓷500-800,促进骨愈合药物5×10-9-2.5×10-7,抗菌和抗炎症药物5-20,黄原胶10-20,氯化钠9;
所述可吸收生物陶瓷选自β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)和羟基磷灰石(HAP)中的至少一种;
所述黄原胶的分子量为200-500万。
2.根据权利要求1所述的骨蜡,其特征在于,可吸收生物陶瓷为β-磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石的混合,两者的质量比为60-90:10-40。
3.根据权利要求1所述的骨蜡,其特征在于,所述促进骨愈合药物选自骨形成发生蛋白(BMP)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、神经生长因子(NGF)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)和血小板源生长因子(PDGF)中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的骨蜡,其特征在于,促进骨愈合药物为骨形成发生蛋白、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、神经生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子和血小板源生长因子的混合。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的骨蜡,其特征在于,BMP、bFGF、NGF、IGF和PDGF在骨蜡中的终浓度分别为:20-50ng/g、5-100 ng/g、10-50 ng/g、10-20 ng/g和5-30 ng/g。
6.根据权利要求1所述的骨蜡,其特征在于,抗菌和抗炎症药物为2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖(2-DG)和盐酸曲马多,两者的质量比为5-1:1。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的骨蜡的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)高速剪切条件下,将黄原胶以生理盐水配制成溶液;
(2)将可吸收生物陶瓷的粉末加入步骤(1)的溶液中,高速剪切混合为均匀悬液;
(3)将促进骨愈合药物与抗菌和抗炎症药物以生理盐水配制成溶液,将药液加入步骤(2)的悬液中,在0-4℃下高速剪切混匀后得到骨蜡。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,剪切速率为10-25 s-1
9. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,黄原胶溶液在0.1 s-1剪切速率下的粘度为20-300Pa·s。
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