CN107509673B - Intensive Litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater resource utilization method - Google Patents
Intensive Litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater resource utilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107509673B CN107509673B CN201710712644.7A CN201710712644A CN107509673B CN 107509673 B CN107509673 B CN 107509673B CN 201710712644 A CN201710712644 A CN 201710712644A CN 107509673 B CN107509673 B CN 107509673B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/20—Culture of aquatic animals of zooplankton, e.g. water fleas or Rotatoria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Abstract
The invention relates to a resource utilization method of intensive litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater, which comprises the following steps: step S1: filtering the wastewater discharged from the intensive litopenaeus vannamei culture pond by adopting a bevel filter screen; step S2: collecting the wastewater filtered by the inclined filter screen into a wastewater storage tank; step S3: conveying the wastewater in the wastewater storage tank to a sunlight shed microalgae proliferation tank to culture microalgae; step S4: and (3) conveying the cultured algae water to a cladocera or copepods culture pond, and supplementing the bait for the culture of the litopenaeus vannamei after the generated cladocera or copepods are harvested. Its advantages are: nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the wastewater are recycled while eutrophic culture wastewater is purified by means of a food chain of microalgae, zooplankton and prawns, so that the culture water environment is protected, natural baits are supplemented for intensive prawn culture, the cost of prawn culture feed is reduced, and the culture benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of recycling treatment of aquaculture wastewater, in particular to an intensive recycling method of litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture wastewater.
Background
Litopenaeus vannamei (litopenaeus vannamei) is a main prawn culture variety in China, south America and southeast Asia due to the characteristics of fast growth, high meat yield, wide salinity adaptability and the like. The litopenaeus vannamei industry in China has developed rapidly since the introduction and cultivation in the late 1980 s, according to the statistics data of the annual book of fishery in China, the aquaculture yield of seawater crustaceans in 2016 years in China is 143.49 ten thousand tons, wherein more than 40 percent of the aquaculture yield is from litopenaeus vannamei, and meanwhile, the yield of the litopenaeus vannamei cultured in fresh water is 73.15 ten thousand tons. However, the litopenaeus vannamei industry in China is rapidly developed, and meanwhile, various problems such as provenance, diseases, breeding modes and the like are exposed. At present, the success rate of the traditional soil pond for culturing the litopenaeus vannamei is lower and lower, and more culture manufacturers select an industrialized and greenhouse culture mode with higher intensification degree and better controllability.
According to the characteristics of the nutrition metabolism of the litopenaeus vannamei, the protein level of the feed for culturing the litopenaeus vannamei in China is generally 37-40%, the feed coefficient for normal culture is 1.0-1.1, the protein content of the cultured litopenaeus vannamei accounts for about 18% of the proportion of the whole litopenaeus vannamei, and according to the calculation, the content of protein nitrogen in the feed input in the culture process is not more than 50% of the protein nitrogen in the litopenaeus vannamei, and more than half of the nitrogen enters a water body. Therefore, the cultivation process of the litopenaeus vannamei is a process which seriously pollutes the cultivation water body from the view point of material circulation. Particularly, under an intensive culture mode, a large amount of culture wastewater is not effectively treated and is directly discharged into the surrounding water area, so that the water area environment is seriously eutrophicated, and the water bloom is outburst, thereby threatening the culture of litopenaeus vannamei and the sustainable development of the environment. Under the implementation background of the water law of the people's republic of China revised in 2016, how to reduce and prevent the pollution of aquaculture wastewater to the environment becomes a problem which is urgently needed to be solved by the development of aquaculture industry.
At present, various methods and processes for treating aquaculture wastewater have been developed at home and abroad, including physical treatment methods, chemical treatment methods, biofilm methods, artificial wetland treatment methods, salt-tolerant plant or aquatic plant treatment methods, precipitation-algae adsorption comprehensive treatment methods, and the like. The method can play a role in purifying the aquaculture wastewater, but has large investment on the whole, low resource utilization degree of nutrient salts in the wastewater and low application degree in the litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture.
In conclusion, the intensive method for recycling the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater is urgently needed to be invented, and the method can purify nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts in the culture wastewater with high efficiency and low cost, can recycle nitrogen and phosphorus in the wastewater, and can reduce the cost of the litopenaeus vannamei culture bait. However, no report is found on the intensive resource utilization method of the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a resource utilization method of intensive litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater, so that a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts and small-particle organic debris in the intensive litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater can be converted into biomass of cladocerans or copepods after being filtered by the cladocerans or copepods, the aim of purifying the breeding wastewater is achieved, and the generated cladocerans or copepods can be used for supplementing bait for litopenaeus vannamei breeding after being harvested.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a resource utilization method for intensive litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: filtering the wastewater discharged from the intensive litopenaeus vannamei culture pond by adopting a bevel filter screen;
step S2: collecting the wastewater filtered by the inclined surface filter screen in the step S1 into a wastewater storage tank;
step S3: conveying the wastewater in the wastewater storage tank in the step S2 to a sunlight shed microalgae proliferation tank for culturing microalgae;
step S4: and (3) conveying the cultured algae water to a cladocera or copepods culture pond, generating high-transparency water for recycling or discharging by means of microalgae in the filtered and purified water of the cladocera or copepods, and supplementing the bait for culturing the litopenaeus vannamei after the generated cladocera or copepods are harvested.
As a preferable technical scheme, the inclined filter screen in the step S1 is composed of two parts, wherein the mesh of the screen in the first part is 60-80 meshes, the mesh of the screen in the second part is 200 meshes, an included angle of 30-60 degrees is formed between the inclined plane of the screen and the horizontal plane, the included angle is adjusted according to the area of the screen, the water flow and the number of suspended particles in the wastewater, and the solid wastes on the screen are automatically gathered in the sewage tank under the action of the water flow.
As a preferred technical scheme, the waste water filtered by the inclined filtering screen is conveyed into a waste water storage tank through a pipeline, wherein the waste water storage tank is a cement tank or an earth tank paved with a mulching film, and a plastic film is covered on the waste water storage tank to prevent other animals from entering the waste water storage tank.
As a preferable technical solution, the container for culturing the microalgae in the sunlight shed in step S3 may be a photobioreactor, or may be a simple cement pond or a detachable water tank.
As a preferred technical solution, step S3 includes the following steps:
step S31, proliferation of microalgae: the proliferation of microalgae needs to be inoculated with beneficial microalgae which has strong pollution resistance and can resist certain high temperature in advance to directionally regulate and control the kinds of the proliferated microalgae, if the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater has salinity, Chlorella (Nannochloropsis oculata) or Tetraselmis suborbidiformis (Tetraselmis suborbordiformis) or Dunaliella salina (Dunaliella salina) can be inoculated, if the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater is fresh water, chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas pp.), Chlorella (Chlorella spp.), Scenedesmus (Scenedesmus spp.), Chlorella (Chlorococcum sp.) can be inoculated, continuous inflation is needed in the proliferation process of microalgae, and the microalgae liquid can be conveyed to a cladocera or copepod culture pond after 3-5 days of culture.
As a preferable technical scheme, when the litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater has salinity, culturing the species of calaphila (Calanoid) or the microalgae of Moina monoica (Moina monogolica) for filtering and eating the microalgae, and when the litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater is fresh water, culturing the algae for filtering and eating the Daphnia magna (Daphnia magna) or the Daphnia carinata, and continuously aerating during the culturing process.
As a preferred technical scheme, the volume ratio of the microalgae proliferation water body to the cladocera or copepod culture water body is 2-3: 1.
As a preferred technical scheme, the cladocera or copepods are collected by a 100-mesh silk bag in a siphoning method from a cladocera or copepods culture pond every day, and the daily collection amount depends on the population growth and the cell density of algae in a water body.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the method for recycling the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient substances in the wastewater are recycled while the eutrophic culture wastewater is purified by means of a food chain of microalgae, zooplankton and prawns, so that the culture water environment is protected, the sustainable development of the culture industry is guaranteed, natural baits are supplemented for intensive prawn culture, the cost of prawn culture feeds is reduced, and the culture benefit is improved.
2. The method for recycling the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater has relatively low investment cost and strong technical operability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the intensive method for recycling litopenaeus vannamei cultivation wastewater.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the embodiment, a resource utilization test of the litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater is developed in a certain litopenaeus vannamei breeding base in a Pudong new area, and a litopenaeus vannamei breeding pool is 50M2Cement pit, according to 400 tail/M23cm of the coarse litopenaeus vannamei larvae of the litopenaeus vannamei desalinization standard are put in the culture medium, and the waste water replaced in the culture process is purified according to the method disclosed by the invention. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for intensive resource utilization of litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater according to the present invention. A resource utilization method for intensive litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater comprises the following steps:
step S1: filtering the wastewater discharged from the intensive litopenaeus vannamei culture pond by adopting a bevel filter screen;
the inclined filtering screen consists of two parts, the mesh of the screen of the first part is 60-80 meshes, the mesh of the screen of the second part is 200 meshes, an included angle of 30-60 degrees is formed between the inclined plane of the screen and the horizontal plane, the inclined plane is adjusted according to the area of the screen, the water flow and the number of suspended particles in waste water, and solid waste on the screen is automatically gathered in the sewage tank under the action of the water flow.
Step S2: collecting the wastewater filtered by the inclined surface filter screen in the step S1 into a wastewater storage tank;
wherein, the wastewater filtered by the inclined filtering screen is conveyed into a wastewater storage tank by a pipeline, the wastewater storage tank is a cement tank or an earth tank paved with a mulching film, and a plastic film is covered on the wastewater storage tank to prevent other animals from entering the wastewater storage tank.
Step S3: conveying the wastewater in the wastewater storage tank in the step S2 to a sunlight shed microalgae proliferation tank for culturing microalgae;
wherein, the container for culturing the microalgae in the sunlight shed can be a photobioreactor, and also can be a simple cement pond or a detachable water tank.
Step S4: the cultured algae water is conveyed to a cladocera or copepods culture pond, high-transparency water is generated by microalgae in the filtered and purified water of the cladocera or copepods for recycling or discharging, and the generated cladocera or copepods are harvested to supplement bait for culturing litopenaeus vannamei.
The microalgae proliferation needs to be inoculated with beneficial microalgae which has strong pollution resistance and can resist certain high temperature in advance to directionally regulate and control the proliferation of microalgae species, if the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater has salinity, the microalgae species can be inoculated with nannochloropsis sp (Nannochloropsis siccus) or Tetraselmis subcordiformis (Tetraselis subbcordiformis) or Dunaliella salina (Dunaliella salina) and the like, if the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater is fresh water, the microalgae species can be inoculated with Chlamydomonas spp, Chlorella sp, Scenedesmus sp, Chlorococcus sp (Chlorococcum sp) and the like, continuous inflation is needed in the microalgae proliferation process, and the microalgae liquid can be conveyed to a cladocera or copepod culture pond after 3-5 days of culture.
Wherein, when the litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater has salinity, the species of calaphila (Calanoid) or the Moina monogolica (Moina monogolica) filter-feeding microalgae are cultured, when the litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater is fresh water, the Daphnia magna (Daphnia magna) or the Daphnia carinata (Daphnia carinata) filter-feeding algae are cultured, and the culture process is continuously aerated.
Wherein the volume ratio of the water body proliferated by the scenedesmus to the water body cultured by the daphnia magna is 2-3: 1.
Wherein, the daphnia magna is collected by a 100-mesh bolting silk bag in a siphon method from a daphnia magna culture pond every day, the daily collection amount is determined according to the population growth and the algae cell density in the water body, the collected daphnia magna is fed into a litopenaeus vannamei culture pond to supplement the bait of the litopenaeus vannamei, and the discharged high-transparency water can be discharged.
The implementation effect is as follows:
the indexes of transparency, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and the like of the purified culture discharge water reach the III-class water standard of surface water, the yield of the prawns is 5.8kg/M2 after 90 days of culture, 53 kg of the braches are harvested and fed in a cumulative way, and the feed coefficient of the whole process of the prawn culture is 0.82 according to the formula feed.
According to the method for recycling the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient substances in the wastewater are recycled while purifying eutrophic culture wastewater by means of a food chain of microalgae, zooplankton and litopenaeus vannamei, so that the culture water environment is protected, water resources are saved, eutrophication pollution is not caused to the surrounding water area environment, the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry is guaranteed, natural bait is supplemented for intensive litopenaeus vannamei culture, the cost of the feed for litopenaeus vannamei culture is reduced, and the culture benefit is improved. The method has relatively low investment cost and strong technical operability.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and additions can be made without departing from the method of the present invention, and these modifications and additions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A resource utilization method for intensive litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: filtering the wastewater discharged from the intensive litopenaeus vannamei culture pond by adopting a bevel filter screen;
step S2: collecting the wastewater filtered by the inclined surface filter screen in the step S1 into a wastewater storage tank;
step S3: conveying the wastewater in the wastewater storage tank in the step S2 to a sunlight shed microalgae proliferation tank for culturing microalgae;
step S4: the cultured algae water is conveyed to a cladocera or copepods culture pond, high-transparency water is generated by microalgae in the filtered and purified water of the cladocera or copepods for recycling or discharging, and the generated cladocera or copepods are harvested to supplement the bait for culturing the litopenaeus vannamei;
the inclined filter screen in the step S1 consists of two parts, wherein the mesh of the screen in the first part is 60-80 meshes, the mesh of the screen in the second part is 200 meshes, an included angle of 30-60 degrees is formed between the inclined plane of the screen and the horizontal plane, the included angle is adjusted according to the area of the screen, the water flow and the number of suspended particles in the wastewater, and the solid wastes on the screen are automatically gathered in a sewage tank under the action of the water flow;
the wastewater filtered by the inclined filtering sieve is conveyed into a wastewater storage tank through a pipeline, wherein the wastewater storage tank is a cement tank or a soil tank paved with a mulching film, and a plastic film is covered on the wastewater storage tank to prevent other animals from entering the wastewater storage tank;
the container for culturing the microalgae in the sunlight shed in the step S3 can be a photobioreactor, or can be a simple cement pond or a detachable water tank;
the step S3 includes the following steps:
step S31, proliferation of microalgae: the microalgae proliferation needs to be inoculated with beneficial microalgae which has strong pollution resistance and can resist certain high temperature in advance to directionally regulate and control the species of the microalgae to be proliferated, if the litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater has salinity, microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata) or Tetraselmis subcordiformis (Tetraselmis Subcordiformis) or Dunaliella salina (Dunaliella salina) is inoculated, if the litopenaeus vannamei breeding wastewater is fresh water, Chlamydomonas spp, Chlorella spp, Scenedesmus spp and Chlorococcus sp are inoculated, continuous inflation is needed in the microalgae proliferation process, and the algae water is conveyed to a cladocera or copepod culture pond after 3-5 days of culture;
culturing the species of calamus water flea (Calanoid) or the filtering microalgae of Moina mongolica (Moina mongolica) when the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater has salinity, culturing the filtering algae of Daphniana (Daphnianaga) or Daphnia carinata when the litopenaeus vannamei culture wastewater is fresh water, and continuously aerating during the culturing process;
the volume ratio of the microalgae-proliferated water body to the cladocera or copepods-cultured water body is 2-3: 1;
collecting the cladocera or copepods from a culture pond of the cladocera or copepods every day by adopting a siphon method and collecting the cladocera or copepods by using a 100-mesh silk bag, wherein the daily collection amount is determined according to the population growth and the cell density of algae in a water body.
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| CN101327997A (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2008-12-24 | 中山大学 | Comprehensive processing method of aquiculture sewerage |
| CN104542423A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-04-29 | 朱祖阳 | Cellular totally-closed recirculating aquaculture system device |
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