CN107503726B - Directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving coal seam air permeability - Google Patents
Directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving coal seam air permeability Download PDFInfo
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- CN107503726B CN107503726B CN201710962225.9A CN201710962225A CN107503726B CN 107503726 B CN107503726 B CN 107503726B CN 201710962225 A CN201710962225 A CN 201710962225A CN 107503726 B CN107503726 B CN 107503726B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
Abstract
A directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving coal bed air permeability relates to the technical field of coal bed permeability increase, and comprises a directional blasting tube, wherein two ends of the directional blasting tube are sealed through a cover plate, a plurality of energy release holes are formed in the outer peripheral surface of the directional blasting tube at intervals and are communicated with the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube, an explosive cartridge and a detonator are filled in the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube, a layer of high-pressure plastic film is wrapped on the outer peripheral surface of the directional blasting tube, the energy release holes are sealed and covered by the high-pressure plastic film, and the top end of the directional blasting tube is connected with a first plugging component which is used for plugging blast holes during explosion so as to prevent explosive fragments from being upwards ejected along the blast holes. The directional water pressure centralized blasting device can greatly improve the crack development degree in the coal bed by coupling the blasting gas with the water remained in the blast holes and the coal bed after the hydraulic fracturing operation, and the device does not need to fill yellow mud rolls in the blast holes before blasting, so that the operation is very convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal seam permeability improvement, in particular to a directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of a coal seam.
Background
More than half of the existing coal mines are high gas and coal and gas outburst mines. Gas is normally present in coal seams in two forms, namely, adsorbed and free. In the amount of gas generated in the coal seam, the amount of adsorbed gas is generally 90% or more, while the amount of free gas is only about 10%. When the coal seam is mined, the gas retained in the coal seam is released continuously along with the disturbance of the mining of the coal seam, and the harm is mainly expressed in three aspects: gas choking, gas explosion, coal and gas outburst. According to statistics, gas explosion accidents account for more than 40% of coal mine accidents in China, wherein the gas explosion accidents account for more than 82% of extra-large accidents.
In the prior art, scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research work in the aspect of gas control, certain achievements are obtained, and some effective measures for preventing and controlling gas disasters are formed. Among them, the gas extraction technology is considered as one of the most effective methods for preventing gas disasters. However, as the mining depth of the coal seam increases, the gas content of the coal seam increases, the pressure increases, and the gas permeability of the coal seam is low, so that the extraction rate and the extraction effect of the gas of the coal seam are seriously affected.
Permeability improvement is a key technology for solving the gas extraction efficiency and safe production of low permeability coal seams in China, and in order to improve the permeability improvement effect of the coal seams, various pressure relief permeability improvement methods such as deep hole pre-splitting blasting, protective layer exploitation, hydraulic fracturing, hydraulic undercutting, hydraulic punching, hydraulic slotting and the like have been proposed by Chinese coal science and technology workers in recent decades, but the permeability improvement effect is not ideal due to the incomplete technical conditions and processes of part of measures.
Chinese patent document 'CN 103321669A' discloses a method for increasing the permeability of a deep hole directional presplitting blasting low-permeability coal seam, which adopts a method of alternately charging a four-way vertical slit pipe and a cartridge and a four-way vertical slit pipe and a water bag, and forms a 'wedge effect' on a coal body crack together through the coupling effect of explosive gas and water, so that the crack is wedged into the coal body crack to further expand the crack, the action time of the explosive gas on the coal body crack is prolonged, a radial wave-shaped crack zone is formed around a drill hole, and a better permeability increasing effect is obtained. However, in practical applications, the blasting apparatus used in this method has the following disadvantages: 1. in order to avoid the upward ejection of a large amount of explosive fragments along the blast hole, the blast hole needs to be blocked by the yellow mud roll within 10m from the orifice, and the workload of filling the yellow mud roll into the blast hole is large. 2. The blasting device can only be placed at the bottom of the blast hole for operation, and for the case that the coal seam is thick (for example, 10m thick), the permeability increasing effect of bottom blasting on the top of the coal seam is very limited. 3. The amount of water in the water bag is small, the wedge effect formed by coupling the water and the explosive gas is limited, and the effect is still to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of a coal bed, the directional water pressure centralized blasting device can greatly improve the development degree of cracks in the coal bed by coupling blasting gas with water remained in blast holes and the coal bed after hydraulic fracturing operation, and the device does not need to fill yellow mud rolls in the blast holes before blasting, so that the operation is very convenient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam comprises a directional blasting tube, wherein two ends of the directional blasting tube are sealed by a cover plate, a plurality of energy release holes are formed in the outer circumferential surface of the directional blasting tube at intervals and are communicated with the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube, explosive rolls and detonators are filled in the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube, a layer of high-pressure plastic film is wrapped on the outer circumferential surface of the directional blasting tube, the energy release holes are covered by the high-pressure plastic film, the top end of the directional blasting tube is connected with a first blocking component for blocking blast holes during explosion so as to prevent explosive fragments from being sprayed upwards along the blast holes, the first blocking component comprises a hollow tubular body, a top cover is arranged at the top end of the tubular body, and a partition plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular body, the device comprises a tubular body, a partition board, a window, a directional blasting tube, a pressure channel, a claw and a first sealing component, wherein the partition board divides an inner cavity of the tubular body into a connecting cavity on one side and a pressure cavity on the other side, the side wall of the connecting cavity and the outer peripheral surface of the top end of the directional blasting tube are provided with threaded connecting structures matched with each other, the top end of the directional blasting tube is screwed into the connecting cavity and fixedly connected with the tubular body, the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body is further provided with the pressure channel for communicating the pressure cavity with the outside, the top cover of the tubular body is provided with the window, the window is embedded with the window plate capable of moving up and down, the top cover and the window plate are provided with a plurality of hinge lugs, the hinge lugs on the top cover and the hinge lugs on the window plate are grouped in pairs, each group of hinge lugs is hinged with one claw.
The pressure cavity is internally provided with an elastic adhesive film, the elastic adhesive film is arranged below the top cover of the tubular body and covers a window formed in the top cover, and the periphery of the elastic adhesive film is fixedly connected with the top cover.
Furthermore, a circle of elastic sealant is coated at the joint of the periphery of the elastic adhesive film and the top cover.
Preferably, first shutoff subassembly is still including establishing the wear-resisting gum cover of elasticity at the tubulose body outside including the cover, the wear-resisting gum cover of elasticity from top to bottom enlarges gradually and is tubaeform and the top fixed connection of its top and tubulose body, be equipped with support and spacing guide bar in the pressure chamber, the support level sets up, the vertical setting of spacing guide bar, support and spacing guide bar sliding connection just can follow spacing guide bar and reciprocate, it has many spinal branchs vaulting pole to articulate on the support, a plurality of incisions have been seted up on the tubulose body, the other end of bracing piece stretches out and articulates on the wear-resisting gum cover inner wall of elasticity from the incision, when the support up moved, the bracing piece can be turned over outward and is big and make its roof pressure live the big gun pore wall toward the wear-resisting gum cover of elasticity.
Furthermore, a through hole is vertically formed in the partition plate, a threading hole is formed in the cover plate at the top end of the directional blasting tube, and a wire for detonating the detonator sequentially penetrates out of the threading hole, the through hole, the pressure cavity and the pressure channel.
Preferably, a second plugging component is installed at the bottom end of the directional blasting tube, the structure of the second plugging component is the same as that of the first plugging component, and the connecting structure of the second plugging component and the bottom end of the directional blasting tube is also the same as that of the first plugging component and the top end of the directional blasting tube.
Or a third plugging component is arranged at the bottom end of the directional blasting tube, the third plugging component comprises a hollow tubular body, a top cover is arranged at the top end of the tubular body, a partition plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular body, the partition plate divides the inner cavity of the tubular body into a connecting cavity at one side and a pressure cavity at the other side, matched threaded connecting structures are arranged on the side wall of the connecting cavity and the outer peripheral surface of the bottom end of the directional blasting tube, the bottom end of the directional blasting tube is screwed into the connecting cavity and fixedly connected with the tubular body, a pressure channel for communicating the pressure cavity with the outside is further arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body, an elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is sleeved outside the tubular body, the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is gradually expanded from bottom to top to be horn-shaped, the bottom end of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the tubular body, and a support, the support level sets up in pressure channel's below and its week along the chamber wall that supports and lean on the pressure chamber, the vertical setting of spacing guide bar, support and spacing guide bar sliding connection just can follow spacing guide bar and reciprocate, it has many spinal branchs vaulting pole to articulate on the support, a plurality of incisions have been seted up on the tubulose body, the other end of bracing piece stretches out and articulates on the wear-resisting gum cover inner wall of elasticity from the incision, when the support moved down, the bracing piece can be turned over outward and is expanded the wear-resisting gum cover of elasticity toward the outstretching and make its roof pressure live the big gun pore wall.
As a preferred embodiment, the directional blasting tube comprises a plurality of separated explosive filling cavities, each explosive filling cavity is filled with an explosive cartridge and a detonator, the detonators are electric detonators, all the electric detonators are connected in series in sequence through conducting wires, and the front direction, the rear direction, the left direction and the right direction of all the explosive filling cavities are respectively provided with an elongated energy release hole.
Furthermore, an inverted cone-shaped lead weight is hung below the third plugging component.
Furthermore, the directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the coal seam air permeability further comprises an initiator, a lifting rope and a pay-off roller, wherein a lead wire connected with an electric detonator is connected with the initiator, the tail end of the lifting rope is connected with the top end of a directional blasting tube, the head end of the lifting rope is wound on the pay-off roller, a fixed pulley is further arranged between the pay-off roller and the directional blasting tube, the lifting rope is lapped on the fixed pulley, and when the pay-off roller is rotated to release the lifting rope into the blast hole, the lifting rope is tensioned under the action of the gravity of an object suspended at the lower end of the lifting rope and gradually released to drive the fixed pulley to rotate, so that the lead weight and the directional blasting tube gradually sink into water in the blast hole.
In practical application, firstly hydraulic fracturing permeability increase is carried out on a coal seam, then the directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam provided by the invention is placed into a blast hole, water is remained in the blast hole and coal seam cracks after hydraulic fracturing operation, the water remained in the blast hole is not required to be pumped out, in order to ensure better permeability increase effect, the water level is preferably kept higher than the upper part of the coal seam by more than 2m, if the liquid level of the remained water is not high enough, water is injected into the blast hole to ensure that the water level is 2m above the coal seam, when the directional water pressure centralized blasting device is placed into water for blasting, because the high-pressure plastic film covers the energy release hole, the energy formed when a explosive cartridge explodes is not immediately released, but is firstly gathered to form a 'potential accumulation' effect (the impact force generated at the moment of explosion can be improved), and when the accumulated explosion energy reaches the limit, the high-pressure plastic film is broken through the energy release hole and is intensively released (the impact force generated along the energy release hole is increased) Directional and concentrated release of energy), and huge impact is generated on residual water in blast holes and surrounding blast hole walls, and blasting gas and water are coupled to form a 'wedge effect' to impact the blast hole walls, so that new cracks are formed from the blast hole walls to the inside of a coal bed. In conclusion, compared with the blasting device in the background art, when the directional water pressure centralized blasting device is detonated, the wedge effect formed by coupling of water and blasting gas is more obvious, and the crack development of the coal seam can be better promoted.
According to the invention, the first plugging assembly is connected to the top end of the directional blasting tube, when the directional blasting tube is detonated, a large amount of explosive gas and water mixture enters the pressure cavity from the pressure channel, the pressure in the pressure cavity rises, so that the window plate moves upwards, and in the process of moving upwards, the jaws are turned outwards and opened and inserted into the wall of the blast hole, so that the first plugging assembly is prevented from being flushed out of the blast hole due to explosive impact. Certainly, in order to better guarantee the plugging effect, in practical application, the size of the tubular body in the first plugging assembly is preferably designed according to the size of the blast hole, and on the premise that the directional water pressure set blasting device can be smoothly placed in the blast hole, the diameter of the tubular body is closer to the diameter of the blast hole, and the plugging effect of the first plugging assembly is better. Due to the existence of the first plugging component, the directional water pressure set blasting device does not need to fill yellow mud rolls into the blast hole before blasting, and the operation is more convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 2;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the directional blasting tube in examples 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state of the apparatus for directional water pressure centralized blasting according to the present invention for permeability-increasing operation of a coal seam;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 2;
in the figure:
1-directional blasting tube 2-explosive cartridge 3-detonator
4-high pressure material film 5-first plugging component 6-second plugging component
7-third plugging component 8-lead weight 9-detonator
10-lifting rope 11-paying-off roller 12-fixed pulley
1 a-energy release hole 1 b-medicine filling cavity 5 a-tubular body
5 e-elastic adhesive film 5 f-elastic wear-resistant sleeve 5 g-support
5 h-limit guide bar 5 i-support bar 5a 1-top cover
5a 2-baffle 5a 3-connecting chamber 5a 4-pressure chamber
5a 5-pressure channel 5a2 a-through hole.
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "above", "below", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. In addition, in the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
Example 1:
fig. 1, 3 and 5 show a specific structure of a directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving coal seam permeability according to this embodiment, which includes a directional blasting tube 1, two ends of the directional blasting tube 1 are sealed by cover plates, a plurality of energy release holes 1a are spaced on the outer circumferential surface of the directional blasting tube 1, the energy release holes 1a are communicated with the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube 1, an explosive cartridge 2 and a detonator 3 are filled in the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube 1, a high pressure plastic film 4 is wrapped on the outer circumferential surface of the directional blasting tube 1, the energy release holes 1a are covered by the high pressure plastic film 4, the top end of the directional blasting tube 1 is connected with a first plugging component 5 for plugging the blast hole during explosion to prevent explosive fragments from being ejected upwards along the blast hole, the first plugging component 5 includes a hollow tubular body 5a, the top end of the tubular body 5a is provided with a cap 5a1, the inner cavity of the tubular body 5a is provided with a partition plate 5a2, the partition plate 5a2 divides the inner cavity of the tubular body 5a into a connecting cavity 5a3 at one side and a pressure cavity 5a4 at the other side, the side wall of the connecting cavity 5a3 and the outer periphery of the top end of the directional blasting tube 1 are provided with mutually matched threaded connecting structures, the top end of the directional blasting tube 1 is screwed into the connecting cavity 5a3 and fixedly connected with the tubular body 5a, the outer periphery of the tubular body 5a is also provided with a pressure channel 5a5 for communicating the pressure cavity 5a4 with the outside, the top cover 5a1 of the tubular body 5a is provided with a window and is embedded with a window plate 5b capable of moving up and down, the top cover 5a1 and the window plate 5b are provided with a plurality of outward-turning hinge lugs 5c, the hinge lugs 5c on the top cover 5a1 and the hinge lugs 5c on the window plates 5b are grouped in pairs, one hinge lug 5d is hinged to one by one of each group, and the upward movement of the jaws 5, thereby preventing the first plugging member 5 from being punched out of the blast hole due to the blast impact.
In practical application, the coal seam is subjected to hydraulic fracturing permeability increase firstly, then the directional water pressure centralized blasting device is placed into a blast hole, water remains in the blast hole and coal seam cracks after hydraulic fracturing operation, the water remaining in the blast hole is not required to be pumped out, in order to ensure better permeability increase effect, the water level is preferably kept higher than the upper part of the coal seam by more than 2m, if the liquid level of the remaining water is not enough, water is injected into the blast hole again to enable the water level to be 2m above the coal seam, when the directional water pressure centralized blasting device is placed into water for blasting, as the high-pressure plastic film 4 covers the energy release hole 1a, energy formed when the explosive cartridge 2 explodes is not immediately released, but is firstly gathered to form a 'potential' effect (which can improve impact force generated in the moment of explosion), and when the accumulated explosion energy reaches the limit, the high-pressure plastic film 4 is broken through the energy release hole 1a and intensively released (energy is directionally and intensively released along the energy release hole ) The blast hole wall that produces huge impact to residual water in the blast hole and around, forms "wedge effect" after exploding gas and water coupling and strikes the blast hole wall to form new crack from the blast hole wall toward the coal seam inside, in addition, because water is incompressible, water that originally has got into in the coal seam after the water pressure presplitting anti-reflection can stretch toward the coal seam more depths under the pressure effect of exploding gas, further improves coal seam crack development degree. Compared with the blasting device in the background technology, the directional water pressure centralized blasting device has the advantages that when the directional water pressure centralized blasting device is detonated, the wedge effect formed by coupling of water and blasting gas is more obvious, and the crack development of a coal seam can be better promoted.
Because the top end of the directional blasting tube 1 is connected with the first plugging component 5, when the directional blasting tube 1 is detonated, a large amount of explosive gas and water mixture enters the pressure cavity 5a4 from the pressure channel 5a5, the pressure in the pressure cavity 5a4 is increased, so that the window plate 5b moves upwards, in the process that the window plate 5b moves upwards, the claw 5d is turned outwards and opened and inserted into the wall of the blast hole, and therefore the first plugging component 5 is prevented from being rushed out of the blast hole due to explosion impact, the first plugging component 5 can play a role similar to a yellow mud roll in the background technology when being plugged in the blast hole, and explosive fragments can be prevented from being upwards ejected along the blast hole. Certainly, in order to better guarantee the plugging effect, in practical application, the size of the tubular body 5a in the first plugging assembly 5 is preferably designed according to the size of a blast hole, and on the premise that the directional water pressure set blasting device can be smoothly placed in the blast hole, the diameter of the tubular body 5a is closer to the diameter of the blast hole, and the plugging effect of the first plugging assembly 5 is better. Due to the existence of the first plugging component 5, the directional water pressure set blasting device does not need to fill yellow mud rolls into blast holes before blasting, and the operation is more convenient.
In order to improve the air tightness between the window plate 5b and the window opening formed in the top cover 5a1 and reduce the pressure loss at the window opening during explosion, an elastic rubber film 5e is further arranged in the pressure chamber 5a4, the elastic rubber film 5e is arranged below the top cover 5a1 of the tubular body 5a and covers the window opening formed in the top cover 5a1, and the periphery of the elastic rubber film 5e is fixedly connected with the top cover 5a 1. Further, a ring of elastic sealant can be coated on the periphery of the elastic adhesive film 5e where the top cover 5a1 meets.
In order to reduce the pressure loss between the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 5a and the blast hole wall during explosion and further improve the plugging effect of the first plugging component 5, the first plugging component 5 further comprises an elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f sleeved outside the tubular body 5a, the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f is gradually enlarged from top to bottom into a horn shape, the top end of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is fixedly connected with the top end of the tubular body 5a, a support 5g and a limit guide rod 5h are arranged in a pressure cavity 5a4, the support 5g is horizontally arranged, the limit guide rod 5h is vertically arranged, the support 5g is connected with the limit guide rod 5h in a sliding manner and can move up and down along the limit guide rod 5h, a plurality of support rods 5i are hinged on the support 5g, a plurality of notches are formed in the tubular body 5a, the other ends of the support rods 5i extend out of the notches and are hinged on the inner wall of the elastic, the support rod 5i can be turned outwards to expand the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f outwards and press the wall of the gun hole.
Preferably, a through hole 5a2a is vertically formed in the partition plate 5a2, a threading hole is formed in a cover plate at the top end of the directional blasting tube 1, and a lead for igniting the detonator 3 sequentially penetrates through the threading hole, the through hole 5a2a, the pressure cavity 5a4 and the pressure channel 5a 5. So both can let wear to establish the wire more convenient, the explosive gas that produces when 2 explosions of explosive cartridge can get into pressure chamber 5a4 through wires hole and through-hole 5a2a more fast simultaneously for luffer boards 5b in time up remove, strut jack catch 5d and insert the big gun hole wall in the very first time, avoid first shutoff subassembly 5 to move up along the big gun hole because of the explosion impact better.
For the condition that the directional water pressure centralized blasting device is suspended in the middle of the blast hole for blasting operation (the directional water pressure centralized blasting device does not fall to the bottom of the blast hole), in order to prevent the directional blasting tube 1 from moving downwards during blasting to cause that the blasting pressure can not be intensively acted on the preset part of the blast hole (for example, the depth of the coal bed reaches 10m, and at the moment, only the coal bed in the middle part needs to be subjected to permeability increasing operation to prevent the blasting device from being suspended in the middle part of the coal bed, if the directional blasting tube 1 moves downwards during blasting, the generated blasting pressure can not be intensively acted on the middle part of the coal bed, and a part of the pressure is lost to the bottom of the coal bed to cause that the blasting operation can not reach the preset effect), a second plugging component 6 is further installed at the bottom end of the directional blasting tube 1, the structure of the second plugging component 6 is the same as that of the first plugging component 5, and the connection structure of the bottom ends of the second plugging component 6 and the directional blasting tube The connecting structure of the top ends is the same.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 6, the difference between the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1 is mainly that the structure of the plugging assembly connected to the bottom end of the directional blasting tube 1 is different from that of the embodiment 1, specifically, in this embodiment, the third plugging assembly 7 is installed at the bottom end of the directional blasting tube 1, the third plugging assembly 7 also includes a hollow tubular body 5a, the top end of the tubular body 5a is provided with a top cap 5a1, the inner cavity of the tubular body 5a is provided with a partition plate 5a2, the partition plate 5a2 divides the inner cavity of the tubular body 5a into a connecting cavity 5a3 located at one side thereof and a pressure cavity 5a4 located at the other side thereof, the side wall of the connecting cavity 5a3 and the outer peripheral surface of the bottom end of the directional blasting tube 1 are provided with mutually matched threaded connection structures, the bottom end of the directional blasting tube 1 is screwed into the connecting cavity 5a3 and fixedly connected to the tubular body 5a, the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 5a is further provided with a pressure channel 5a 36, an elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f is sleeved outside the tubular body 5a, the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f is gradually expanded from bottom to top to be horn-shaped, the bottom end of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the tubular body 5a, a support 5g and a limiting guide rod 5h are arranged in a pressure cavity 5a3, the support 5g is horizontally arranged below the pressure channel 5a5, the periphery of the support abuts against the cavity wall of the pressure cavity 5a3, the limiting guide rod 5h is vertically arranged, the support 5g is connected with the limiting guide rod 5h in a sliding mode and can move up and down along the limiting guide rod 5h, a plurality of support rods 5i are hinged on the support 5g, a plurality of notches are formed in the tubular body 5a, the other ends of the support rods 5i extend out of the notches and are hinged on the inner wall of the elastic, the support rod 5i can be turned outwards to expand the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f outwards and press the wall of the gun hole. Further, an inverted cone-shaped lead weight 8 is hung below the third plugging component 7.
As a preferred structure, as shown in fig. 3, in the two embodiments, the directional blasting tube 1 includes a plurality of spaced explosive filling cavities 1b, each explosive filling cavity 1b is filled with an explosive cartridge 2 and a detonator 3, wherein the detonator 3 is an electric detonator, all the electric detonators are connected in series in sequence through a conducting wire, and the front, rear, left and right directions of all the explosive filling cavities 1b are respectively provided with an elongated energy release hole 1 a.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 4, the directional water pressure centralized blasting device according to the two embodiments further includes an initiator 9, a lifting rope 10 and a paying-off roller 11, a lead connected to an electric detonator is connected to the initiator 9, a tail end of the lifting rope 10 is connected to a top end of the directional blasting tube 1, a head end of the lifting rope 10 is wound on the paying-off roller 11, a fixed pulley 12 is further disposed between the paying-off roller 11 and the directional blasting tube 1, the lifting rope 10 is lapped on the fixed pulley 12, and when the paying-off roller 11 is rotated to release the lifting rope 10 into the blast hole, under the gravity of an object suspended at a lower end of the lifting rope 10, the lifting rope 10 is tensioned and drives the fixed pulley 12 to rotate along with the gradual release of the lifting rope, so that the directional blasting tube 1 gradually sinks into the water in the blast hole. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the directional water pressure centralized blasting device does not necessarily include the above-mentioned initiator 9, lifting rope 10, paying-off roller 11 and fixed pulley 12, and may also be put into a blasthole to perform blasting anti-reflection operation by other methods, and in addition, each directional water pressure centralized blasting device does not necessarily include an initiator, and in practical application, a plurality of directional water pressure centralized blasting devices may share one initiator, and in case that the detonator 3 employs a detonator, a lead cable should be employed to detonate the detonator, and at this time, the detonator 3 may be detonated by firing the lead cable instead of employing the initiator.
Finally, it is emphasized that some of the figures and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified to facilitate the understanding of the improvements of the present invention over the prior art by those skilled in the art, and that other elements have been omitted from this document for the sake of clarity and should be recognized by those skilled in the art as forming the subject matter of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving coal bed gas permeability, including directional blasting tube (1), directional blasting tube (1) both ends are sealed through the apron, on the peripheral face of directional blasting tube (1) spaced apart be equipped with a plurality of energy release holes (1a), energy release hole (1a) communicates with each other with the inner chamber of directional blasting tube (1), be filled with explosive cartridge (2) and detonator (3) in the inner chamber of directional blasting tube (1), its characterized in that: the directional blasting tube comprises a directional blasting tube (1), wherein the outer peripheral surface of the directional blasting tube (1) is wrapped by a layer of high-pressure plastic film (4), an energy release hole (1a) is covered by the high-pressure plastic film (4), the top end of the directional blasting tube (1) is connected with a first blocking assembly (5) used for blocking a blast hole during blasting to prevent explosive fragments from being ejected upwards along the blast hole, the first blocking assembly (5) comprises a hollow tubular body (5a), a top cover (5a1) is arranged at the top end of the tubular body (5a), a partition plate (5a2) is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular body (5a), the partition plate (5a2) divides the inner cavity of the tubular body (5a) into a connecting cavity (5a3) located on one side of the tubular body and a pressure cavity (5a4) located on the other side of the tubular body, and threaded connection structures matched with each other are arranged on the side wall of the connecting cavity (5a3) and the, the top end of the directional blasting tube (1) is screwed into the connecting cavity (5a3) to be fixedly connected with the tubular body (5a), the outer circumferential surface of the tubular body (5a) is also provided with a pressure channel (5a5) which communicates the pressure cavity (5a4) with the outside, the top cover (5a1) of the tubular body (5a) is windowed and a window plate (5b) which can move up and down is embedded in the window, a plurality of hinge lugs (5c) are arranged on the top cover (5a1) and the window plate (5b), the hinge lugs (5c) on the top cover (5a1) and the hinge lugs (5c) on the window plate (5b) are grouped in pairs, each group of hinge lugs (5c) is hinged with a claw (5d), the upward movement of the window plate (5b) can lead the claws (5d) to turn outwards and open and be inserted into the wall of the hole, thereby avoiding the first plugging component (5) from being punched out of the blast hole due to explosion impact.
2. The directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam according to claim 1, wherein: still be equipped with an elasticity glued membrane (5e) in pressure chamber (5a4), elasticity glued membrane (5e) are located top cap (5a1) below of tubular body (5a) and are covered the window of seting up on top cap (5a1), the periphery and top cap (5a1) fixed connection of elasticity glued membrane (5 e).
3. The directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam according to claim 2, wherein: the joint of the periphery of the elastic adhesive film (5e) and the top cover (5a1) is coated with a circle of elastic sealant.
4. The directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the first plugging component (5) further comprises an elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) sleeved outside the tubular body (5a), the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) is gradually enlarged from top to bottom to be horn-shaped, the top end of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is fixedly connected with the top end of the tubular body (5a), a support (5g) and a limiting guide rod (5h) are arranged in the pressure cavity (5a4), the support (5g) is horizontally arranged, the limiting guide rod (5h) is vertically arranged, the support (5g) is in sliding connection with the limiting guide rod (5h) and can move up and down along the limiting guide rod (5h), a plurality of support rods (5i) are hinged to the support (5g), a plurality of notches are formed in the tubular body (5a), and the other ends of the support rods (5i) extend out of the notches and are hinged to the inner wall of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f), when the support (5g) moves upwards, the support rod (5i) can be turned outwards to expand the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) outwards and enable the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve to be pressed against the wall of the gun hole.
5. The directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam according to claim 4, wherein: the partition plate (5a2) is vertically provided with a through hole (5a2a), the cover plate at the top end of the directional blasting tube (1) is provided with a threading hole, and a lead for detonating the detonator (3) sequentially penetrates out of the threading hole, the through hole (5a2a), the pressure cavity (5a4) and the pressure channel (5a 5).
6. The directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the bottom end of the directional blasting tube (1) is provided with a second plugging component (6), the structure of the second plugging component (6) is the same as that of the first plugging component (5), and the connecting structure of the second plugging component (6) and the bottom end of the directional blasting tube (1) is also the same as that of the first plugging component (5) and the top end of the directional blasting tube (1).
7. The directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the bottom end of the directional blasting tube (1) is provided with a third plugging component (7), the third plugging component (7) also comprises a hollow tubular body (5a), the top end of the tubular body (5a) is provided with a top cover (5a1), a partition plate (5a2) is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular body (5a), the partition plate (5a2) divides the inner cavity of the tubular body (5a) into a connecting cavity (5a3) positioned on one side of the inner cavity and a pressure cavity (5a4) positioned on the other side of the inner cavity, the side wall of the connecting cavity (5a3) and the outer peripheral surface of the bottom end of the directional blasting tube (1) are provided with mutually matched threaded connecting structures, the bottom end of the directional blasting tube (1) is screwed into the connecting cavity (5a3) and fixedly connected with the tubular body (5a), and the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body (5a) is further provided with a pressure channel (5a5) for communicating the pressure cavity (5a3) with the outside, the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) is sleeved outside the tubular body (5a), the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) is gradually enlarged from bottom to top to form a horn shape, the bottom end of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the tubular body (5a), a support (5g) and a limiting guide rod (5h) are arranged in the pressure cavity (5a3), the support (5g) is horizontally arranged below the pressure channel (5a5), the periphery of the support abuts against the cavity wall of the pressure cavity (5a3), the limiting guide rod (5h) is vertically arranged, the support (5g) is in sliding connection with the limiting guide rod (5h) and can move up and down along the limiting guide rod (5h), a plurality of support rods (5i) are hinged to the support (5g), a plurality of notches are formed in the tubular body (5a), the other ends of the support rods (5i) extend out of the notches and are hinged to the inner wall of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f), when the support (5g) moves downwards, the support rod (5i) can be turned outwards to expand the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) outwards and enable the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve to be pressed against the wall of the gun hole.
8. The directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the directional blasting tube (1) comprises a plurality of explosive filling cavities (1b) which are separated from each other, explosive cartridges (2) and detonators (3) are filled in each explosive filling cavity (1b), each detonator (3) is an electric detonator, all the electric detonators are sequentially connected in series through wires, and the front direction, the rear direction, the left direction and the right direction of all the explosive filling cavities (1b) are respectively provided with a strip-shaped energy release hole (1 a).
9. The directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam according to claim 7, wherein: and an inverted cone-shaped lead weight (8) is hung below the third plugging component (7).
10. The directional water pressure centralized blasting device for improving the air permeability of the coal seam according to claim 8, wherein: the directional blasting tube is characterized by further comprising an initiator (9), a lifting rope (10) and a paying-off roller (11), wherein a lead connected with an electric detonator is connected with the initiator (9), the tail end of the lifting rope (10) is connected with the top end of the directional blasting tube (1), the head end of the lifting rope (10) is wound on the paying-off roller (11), a fixed pulley (12) is further arranged between the paying-off roller (11) and the directional blasting tube (1), the lifting rope (10) is lapped on the fixed pulley (12), and when the paying-off roller (11) is rotated to release the lifting rope (10) into a blast hole, under the action of gravity of an object suspended at the lower end of the lifting rope (10), the lifting rope (10) is tensioned and drives the fixed pulley (12) to rotate along with gradual release of the lifting rope, so that the directional blasting tube (1) gradually sinks into water in the blast hole.
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| CN109596021B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-04-09 | 贵州大学 | Blasting device with directional blasting mechanism |
| CN110541696A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-12-06 | 河南理工大学 | carbon dioxide blasting-hydraulic fracturing reconstruction yield increasing method for oil and gas well |
| CN110529090A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-03 | 高九华 | One kind is impulsed pressure break coal petrography permeability improvement device and method with blasting fume shock wave |
| CN115199251B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-11-07 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Carbonate geothermal reservoir fracturing method |
| CN116045737A (en) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-05-02 | 湖南科技大学 | Spacing adjustable prefabricated blasting tube and installation method thereof |
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