CN107501843B - 一种用于增韧abs泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球及制备方法,通过层铺的简便方法,使得发泡剂被包覆在苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体的薄膜内,进一步通过研磨,并使用少量的软化剂,使边界融合,最终形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。其制备方法简单,为低成本获取膨胀微球开辟了新的技术途径。显著的优势是应用于ABS的发泡,通过发泡剂的发泡,不但形成稳定的泡孔,而且通过发泡剂的分散使得苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体均匀分散于ABS的泡沫体系中,达到良好的增韧性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发泡塑料领域,具体涉及一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法。
背景技术
丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)是一种由聚丁二烯橡胶与单体苯乙烯和丙烯睛接枝而成的共聚物,其具有抗冲击性、耐低温性、绝缘性能优良,表面光泽性良好,容易涂装着色等优点,主要应用于机械、汽车、建材和电子、电器工业中,是一种用途极广的热塑性工程塑料。
SBS苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体是是SBCs中产量最大(占70%以上)、成本最低、应用较广的一个品种,是以苯乙烯、丁二烯为单体的三嵌段共聚物,兼有塑料和橡胶的特性,被称为“第三代合成橡胶”。与丁苯橡胶相似,SBS可以和水、弱酸、碱等接触,具有优良的拉伸强度,表面摩擦系数大,低温性能好,电性能优良,加工性能好等特性,成为目前消费量最大的热塑性弹性体。
微孔发泡材料在保持以上优良性能的同时,又具有表观密度低、轻质并且结构坚韧等特点,广泛应用于机械、汽车、电子电器、仪器仪表、纺织和建筑等工业领域,是一种用途极广的工程塑料。发泡材料的性能,无论力学的、热学的、电学的或是热力学的,与发泡材料的表观密度、泡孔平均直径、泡孔尺寸分布、泡孔密度等参数紧密相关。
目前可用于制备塑料微孔发泡材料的方法常用的是化学法,但 ABS 的加工温度较高,这就使得 ABS 微孔发泡材料的制备不同程度上存在操作复杂,成本高、微孔结构形貌难以控制等问题。目前 ABS 微孔发泡材料的开发难度较大,特别是国内尚未形成相关的核心技术,同时关于 ABS 微孔发泡的工艺主要集中于间歇釜压发泡、模压发泡和物理发泡注塑工艺,而关于化学发泡注塑工艺的应用较少。间歇釜压法和模压法虽然控制参数少,比较容易控制泡孔尺寸,易于分析加工过程对结构与性能的影响,但其制备周期长,效率低,仅适用于理论研究。物理发泡注塑工艺的设备复杂,投资较大,制造成本高,操作工艺复杂。
发明内容
针对目前ABS 难以发泡以及发泡韧性差的问题,本发明提出一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球及制备方法,其显著的特点是制作简单,成本低,可在ABS中大量添加使用,不但对ABS具有优异的发泡特性,而且随着发泡将SBS 均匀分散于ABS泡沫体内,从而增加泡沫的韧性和强度。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征是具体制备方法如下:
1)将苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体用软化剂软化,形成粘流态;
2)在步骤1)得到的软化得苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体进行加热至50-80℃,并涂覆为薄膜层;
3)在步骤2)形成薄膜层的表面均匀铺撒一层发泡剂层,再涂覆一层如步骤2)所形成的薄膜层;如此使发泡剂层与涂覆的包膜层多层重叠,形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂层的结构;
4)迅速冷却,固化并辅助软化剂在微湿润状态下研磨,使得破碎的边界软化进一步包覆发泡剂,包覆得到以苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。
进一步地,步骤1)所述苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体为 SBS、 SEBS、 SIS、 SEPS中的至少一种。
进一步地,步骤1)、步骤4)所述软化剂为环烷基油;
进一步地,步骤3)铺撒的发泡剂层和薄膜层依次至少2层叠加。
进一步地,步骤3)所述发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酰胺中的至少一种;
进一步地,步骤3)发泡剂层添加后,迅速涂覆如步骤2)所形成的薄膜层。
进一步地,所述步骤4)中,冷却温度控制在0-5℃。
一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球,其特征是由上述所述方法制备得到的膨胀微球。
一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球及制备方法,通过层铺的简便方法,使得发泡剂被包覆在苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体的薄膜内,进一步通过研磨,并使用少量的软化剂,使边界融合,最终形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。其制备方法简单,为低成本获取膨胀微球开辟了新的技术途径。显著的优势是应用于ABS的发泡,通过发泡剂的发泡,不但形成稳定的泡孔,而且通过发泡剂的分散使得苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体均匀分散于ABS的泡沫体系中,达到良好的增韧性。
一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球及制备方法,与现有技术相比,其突出的特点和优异的效果在于:
1、通过层铺的简便方法,使得发泡剂被包覆在苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体的薄膜内,最终形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。其制备方法简单,为低成本获取膨胀微球开辟了新的技术途径。
2、本发明低成本膨胀微球应用于ABS的发泡,通过发泡剂的发泡,不但形成稳定的泡孔,而且通过发泡剂的分散使得苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体均匀分散于ABS的泡沫体系中提高泡沫的韧性。
3、利用此法制备膨胀微球不仅工艺简单,成本低,易于大规模生产。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征是:
1)将苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体 SBS用软化剂环烷基油软化,形成粘流态;
2)在步骤1)得到的软化得苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体 SBS进行加热至50℃,并涂覆为薄膜层;
3)在步骤2)形成薄膜层的表面均匀铺撒一层偶氮二异丁腈发泡剂层,再涂覆一层如步骤2)所形成的薄膜层;形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂层的结构;
4)迅速冷却至0-5℃,固化并辅助少量环烷基油软化软化剂,在微湿润状态下研磨,使得破碎的边界软化进一步包覆发泡剂,包覆得到以苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。
将实施例1得到的膨胀微球以比例3wt%加入ABS进行模压发泡,得到的ABS泡沫微孔均匀,苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体分散均匀,泡沫体的强度远高于常规直接添加发泡剂的ABS泡沫体。如表1所示。
实施例2
一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征是:
1)将苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体SEBS用软化剂汽油软化,形成粘流态;
2)在步骤1)得到的软化得苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体SEBS进行加热至60℃,并涂覆为薄膜层;
3)在步骤2)形成薄膜层的表面均匀铺撒一层偶氮二异丁腈,再涂覆一层如步骤2)所形成的薄膜层;如此使发泡剂层与涂覆的包膜层6层重叠,形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂层的结构;
4)迅速冷却至0-5℃,固化并辅助少量汽油软化软化剂,在微湿润状态下研磨,使得破碎的边界软化进一步包覆发泡剂,包覆得到以苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。
将实施例2得到的膨胀微球以比例3wt%加入ABS进行模压发泡,得到的ABS泡沫微孔均匀,苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体分散均匀,泡沫体的强度远高于常规直接添加发泡剂的ABS泡沫体。如表1所示。
实施例3
一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征是:
1)将苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体SIS用软化剂环烷基油软化,形成粘流态;
2)在步骤1)得到的软化得苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体SIS进行加热至80℃,并涂覆为薄膜层;
3)在步骤2)形成薄膜层的表面均匀铺撒一层偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂层,再涂覆一层如步骤2)所形成的薄膜层;如此使发泡剂层与涂覆的包膜层多层重叠,形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂层的结构;
4)迅速冷却至0-5℃,固化并辅助少量环烷基油软化剂,在微湿润状态下研磨,使得破碎的边界软化进一步包覆发泡剂,包覆得到以苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。
将实施例3得到的膨胀微球以比例3wt%加入ABS进行模压发泡,得到的ABS泡沫微孔均匀,苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体分散均匀,泡沫体的强度远高于常规直接添加发泡剂的ABS泡沫体。如表1所示。
实施例4
一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征是由如下方法制备的到:
1)将苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体 SEPS用软化剂汽油软化,形成粘流态;
2)在步骤1)得到的软化得苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体SEPS进行加热至50℃,并涂覆为薄膜层;
3)在步骤2)形成薄膜层的表面均匀铺撒一层偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂层,再涂覆一层如步骤2)所形成的薄膜层;如此使发泡剂层与涂覆的包膜层多层重叠,形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂层的结构;
4)迅速冷却至0-5℃,固化并辅助少量环烷基油化软化剂,在微湿润状态下研磨,使得破碎的边界软化进一步包覆发泡剂,包覆得到以苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。
将实施例4得到的膨胀微球以比例3wt%加入ABS进行模压发泡,得到的ABS泡沫微孔均匀,苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体分散均匀,泡沫体的强度远高于常规直接添加发泡剂的ABS泡沫体。如表1所示。
实施例5
一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征是由如下方法制备的到:
1)将苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体 SBS、 SEBS用软化剂环烷基油软化,形成粘流态;
2)在步骤1)得到的软化得苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体 SBS、 SEBS进行加热至50-80℃,并涂覆为薄膜层;
3)在步骤2)形成薄膜层的表面均匀铺撒一层偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂层,再涂覆一层如步骤2)所形成的薄膜层;如此使发泡剂层与涂覆的包膜层多层重叠,形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂层的结构;
4)迅速冷却至0-5℃,固化并辅助少量环烷基油、汽油软化软化剂,在微湿润状态下研磨,使得破碎的边界软化进一步包覆发泡剂,包覆得到以苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。
将实施5例得到的膨胀微球以比例3wt%加入ABS进行模压发泡,得到的ABS泡沫微孔均匀,苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体分散均匀,泡沫体的强度远高于常规直接添加发泡剂的ABS泡沫体。如表1所示。
实施例6
一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征是由如下方法制备得到:
1)将苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体 SBS、 SEBS、 SIS、 SEPS用软化剂环烷基油软化,形成粘流态;
2)在步骤1)得到的软化得苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体 SBS、 SEBS、 SIS、 SEPS进行加热至50-80℃,并涂覆为薄膜层;
3)在步骤2)形成薄膜层的表面均匀铺撒一层偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂层,再涂覆一层如步骤2)所形成的薄膜层;如此使发泡剂层与涂覆的包膜层8多层重叠,形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂层的结构;
4)迅速冷却至0-5℃,固化并辅助少量环烷基油、汽油软化软化剂,在微湿润状态下研磨,使得破碎的边界软化进一步包覆发泡剂,包覆得到以苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。
将实施6例得到的膨胀微球以比例3wt%加入ABS进行模压发泡,得到的ABS泡沫微孔均匀,苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体分散均匀,泡沫体的强度远高于常规直接添加发泡剂的ABS泡沫体。如表1所示。
表1:
通过上述表格的性能分析,可得到泡沫的压缩强度、弯曲变形得到提升、密度得到降低,具有显著的效果。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征是具体制备方法如下:
1)将苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体用软化剂环烷基油软化,形成粘流态;
2)在步骤1)得到的软化的苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体进行加热至50-80℃,并涂覆为薄膜层;
3)在步骤2)形成薄膜层的表面均匀铺撒一层发泡剂层,再涂覆一层如步骤2)所形成的薄膜层;如此使发泡剂层与涂覆的薄膜层多层重叠,形成由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体薄膜包覆发泡剂层的结构;
4)迅速冷却,固化并辅助软化剂环烷基油在微湿润状态下研磨,使得破碎的边界软化进一步包覆发泡剂,得到以苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体包覆发泡剂的膨胀微球。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体为SBS、SEBS、SIS、SEPS中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)所述发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酰胺中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)发泡剂层添加后,迅速涂覆如步骤2)所形成的薄膜层。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中,冷却温度控制在0-5℃。
6.一种用于增韧ABS泡沫塑料的低成本膨胀微球,其特征是由权利要求1-5任一项所述方法制备得到的。
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