CN107494345A - 一种黄鳝的生态养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种黄鳝的生态养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄鳝的生态养殖方法,涉及水产养殖技术领域。所述黄鳝的生态养殖方法,通过科学的养殖池环境设置,满足黄鳝的生长条件,配以优质饲料进行投喂,满足黄鳝生长所需的全部营养,使黄鳝的成活率提高,成长速度加快,从而获得良好的经济效益;投放前有机肥料的使用可以提高水中浮游动植物的数量,从而为黄鳝提供纯天然的实物,同时也在一定程度上抑制细菌的滋生,降低投喂饲料的成本;本发明采用中药进行病害预防,预防疗效明显,残留少,不易产生抗药性,对水生生态环境不会造成污染;本发明养殖的黄鳝不仅肉质结实鲜美,而且无污染、绿色安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种黄鳝的生态养殖方法。
背景技术
黄鳝为热带及暖温带鱼类,营底栖生活的鱼类,适应能力强,在河道、湖泊、沟渠及稻田中都能生存。日间喜在多腐植质淤泥中钻洞或在堤岸有水的石隙中穴居。白天很少活动,夜间出穴觅食。鳃不发达,而借助口腔及喉腔的内壁表皮作为呼吸的辅助器官,能直接呼吸空气;在水中含氧量十分贫乏时,也能生存。出水后,只要保持皮肤潮湿,数日内亦不会死亡。黄鳝是以各种小动物为食的杂食性鱼类,性贪,夏季摄食最为旺盛,寒冷季节可长期不食,而不至死亡,黄鳝肉嫩味鲜。营养价值甚高。鳝鱼中含有丰富的DHA和卵磷脂,它是构成人体各器官组织细胞膜的主要成分,而且是脑细胞不可缺少的营养。根据美国试验研究资料,经常摄取卵磷脂,记忆力可以提高20%。故食用鳝鱼肉有补脑健身的功效。它所含的特种物质“鳝鱼素”,有清热解毒、凉血止痛、祛风消肿、润肠止血等功效,能降低血糖和调节血糖,对痔疮、糖尿病有较好的治疗作用,加之所含脂肪极少,因而是糖尿病患者的理想食品。鳝鱼含有的维生素A量高得惊人。维生素A可以增进视力,促进皮膜的新陈代谢。每1百克鳝鱼肉中蛋白质含量达17.2~18.8克,脂肪0.9~1.2克,钙质38毫克,磷150毫克,铁1.6毫克;此外还含有硫胺素(维生素B1)、核黄素(B2)、尼克酸(维生素PP)、抗坏血酸(维生素C)等多种维生素。黄鳝不仅被当作名菜用来款待客人,近年来活运出口,畅销国外,更有冰冻鳝鱼远销美洲等地。黄鳝一年四季均产,但以小暑前后者最为肥美,民间有“小暑黄鳝赛人参”的说法。
随着人们生活水平提高,对黄鳝的需求也越来越大,野生捕捞难以满足市场需求,这样就需要对黄鳝进行人工养殖。近年来,人们探索了很多养殖黄鳝的方法,由于黄鳝人工育种尚未完成,鳝种都为野生捕捞,野生鳝鱼长期生活在自然状态下,主要以捕食活鱼、活虾、蝌蚪、水蚯蚓为主的水生浮游生物为食,人工大规模养殖很难达到这些条件,造成黄鳝的成活率不高,生长速度缓慢。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种黄鳝的生态养殖方法。
本发明是通过如下的技术方案来解决上述技术问题的:一种黄鳝的生态养殖方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)养殖池的搭建:选择水质无污染、池底淤泥为12-15cm厚度的池塘作为养殖池;在养殖池中搭建多个8-10m×2-3m的单独养殖区,养殖区之间的间距为1.2-1.5m,养殖区的四周均设置防护网,养殖区中均设有喂养台;在养殖区中种植少许的水草和浮萍;抽干养殖池中的水,暴晒池底5天,然后向养殖池中注水6-10cm,并且每亩撒入生石灰60-85kg进行消毒,2-3天后,养殖池中注水1.5-2m;施撒有机肥料,每亩施肥2kg,以培养水中水草、浮萍和浮游动物;
(2)黄鳝苗的选择:选择无伤病、体重在40-50g、健康的黄鳝苗,在投入之前进行浸泡消毒,每个养殖区投入350-450尾黄鳝苗,且在每个养殖区投入25-35条泥鳅;
(3)黄鳝病害预防:每月定期在每个养殖区内撒入中药组合物进行病害预防,中药组合物用量为0.2-0.5g/m3;
(4)养殖池的管理:每月用生石灰调节养殖池中的pH值,使得pH值范围为7-7.4;每3-5天为养殖池换水一次,一次更水量为70%-80%,及时为养殖池中的黄鳝进行增氧;每月使用1次微生物制剂以改良养殖池水质和底质,使水体微生态呈良性循环;
(5)黄鳝的喂食:黄鳝苗在放养后3-5天不投喂;放养5天后,每天定点进行1-3次饲料的投喂;所述饲料的投喂量为黄鳝总重量的5%-8%;根据天气、水温、鱼种的活动情况以及吃食情况适当调整;
(6)成熟期捕捞:当每尾黄鳝体重达到150g左右时进行捕捞,先清除水草,然后加大水位,引黄鳝出洞,再放干池水捕捉。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中的有机肥料由下列重量份的原料组成:25-35份氧化钾、15-25份聚天门冬氨酸钠、8-15份硼酸、2-3份复合酶剂、1-2份微量元素、45-55份石灰氮、0.5-1份消化抑制剂、15-25份添加剂。
进一步的,所述添加剂由下列重量份的原料熬煮而成:25-30份杏仁、15-18份黄连、20-25份云苓、20-24份麦冬、10-15份旋复花、15-18份石榴皮、5-8份苹果核、2-3份菟丝子、5-8份杜仲、15-16份牛膝、4-7份白豆蔻。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中黄鳝苗在浓度为2%-3%的食盐水中浸泡4-6分钟进行消毒,以杀灭寄生在黄鳝苗体表的寄生虫、病原菌等。
进一步的,所述步骤(3)中的中药组合物包括如下重量份的中药:苦楝树皮60-80份、菖蒲根茎15-25份、甜菜碱5-8份、君子5-8份、贯众20-25份、生地15-20份、榧子15-20份、百部8-15份、苦参12-15份、干姜3-5份、辣椒8-15份、麸皮80-95份;所述中药组合物的制备方法是称取各中药成分放入沙锅中加水煎煮,滤渣得到煎煮液,将煎煮液倒入到每个养殖区中。
进一步的,所述步骤(5)中的饲料包括如下重量份的原料组成:鱼粉20-35份、豆粕15-25份、玉米粉35-45份、粪肥10-20份、蚯蚓20-35份、麦麸20-40份、米糠25-45份、枯草芽孢杆菌0.5-1份、酵素菌0.3-0.8份、固体光合细菌0.3-0.5份。
与现有技术相比,本发明所提供的黄鳝的生态养殖方法,通过科学的养殖池环境设置,满足黄鳝的生长条件,配以优质饲料进行投喂,满足黄鳝生长所需的全部营养,使黄鳝的成活率提高,成长速度加快,从而获得良好的经济效益;投放前有机肥料的使用可以提高水中浮游动植物的数量,从而为黄鳝提供纯天然的实物,同时也在一定程度上抑制细菌的滋生,降低投喂饲料的成本;本发明采用中药进行病害预防,预防疗效明显,残留少,不易产生抗药性,对水生生态环境不会造成污染;本发明养殖的黄鳝不仅肉质结实鲜美,而且无污染、绿色安全。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明所提供的一种黄鳝的生态养殖方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)养殖池的搭建:选择水质无污染、池底淤泥为12-15cm厚度的池塘作为养殖池;在养殖池中搭建多个10m×2m的单独养殖区,养殖区之间的间距为1.2m,养殖区的四周均设置防护网,养殖区中均设有喂养台;在养殖区中种植少许的水草和浮萍;抽干养殖池中的水,暴晒池底5天,然后向养殖池中注水8cm,并且每亩撒入生石灰80kg进行消毒,2-3天后,养殖池中注水1.5m;施撒有机肥料,每亩施肥2kg,以培养水中水草、浮萍和浮游动物;
(2)黄鳝苗的选择:选择无伤病、体重在40-50g、健康的黄鳝苗,在投入之前进行浸泡消毒,每个养殖区投入350尾黄鳝苗,且在每个养殖区投入30条泥鳅;
(3)黄鳝病害预防:每月定期在每个养殖区内撒入中药组合物进行病害预防,中药组合物用量为0.2-0.5g/m3;
(4)养殖池的管理:每月用生石灰调节养殖池中的pH值,使得pH值范围为7-7.4;每5天为养殖池换水一次,一次更水量为75%,及时为养殖池中的黄鳝进行增氧;每月使用1次微生物制剂以改良养殖池水质和底质,使水体微生态呈良性循环;
(5)黄鳝的喂食:黄鳝苗在放养后3-5天不投喂;放养5天后,每天定点进行1次饲料的投喂;所述饲料的投喂量为黄鳝总重量的5%-8%;根据天气、水温、鱼种的活动情况以及吃食情况适当调整;
(6)成熟期捕捞:当每尾黄鳝体重达到150g左右时进行捕捞,先清除水草,然后加大水位,引黄鳝出洞,再放干池水捕捉。
步骤(1)中的有机肥料由下列重量份的原料组成:35份氧化钾、15份聚天门冬氨酸钠、10份硼酸、2份复合酶剂、2份微量元素、55份石灰氮、1份消化抑制剂、20份添加剂。
添加剂由下列重量份的原料熬煮而成:25份杏仁、18份黄连、25份云苓、20份麦冬、15份旋复花、15份石榴皮、8份苹果核、2份菟丝子、5份杜仲、15份牛膝、4份白豆蔻。
步骤(2)中黄鳝苗在浓度为3%的食盐水中浸泡5分钟进行消毒,以杀灭寄生在黄鳝苗体表的寄生虫、病原菌等。
步骤(3)中的中药组合物包括如下重量份的中药:苦楝树皮80份、菖蒲根茎15份、甜菜碱6份、君子6份、贯众25份、生地20份、榧子15份、百部8份、苦参12份、干姜3份、辣椒10份、麸皮85份;中药组合物的制备方法是称取各中药成分放入沙锅中加水煎煮,滤渣得到煎煮液,将煎煮液倒入到每个养殖区中。
步骤(5)中的饲料包括如下重量份的原料组成:鱼粉35份、豆粕20份、玉米粉40份、粪肥15份、蚯蚓30份、麦麸35份、米糠30份、枯草芽孢杆菌1份、酵素菌0.5份、固体光合细菌0.5份。
实施例2
本发明提供的一种黄鳝的生态养殖方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)养殖池的搭建:选择水质无污染、池底淤泥为12-15cm厚度的池塘作为养殖池;在养殖池中搭建多个8m×2m的单独养殖区,养殖区之间的间距为1.3m,养殖区的四周均设置防护网,养殖区中均设有喂养台;在养殖区中种植少许的水草和浮萍;抽干养殖池中的水,暴晒池底5天,然后向养殖池中注水10cm,并且每亩撒入生石灰85kg进行消毒,2-3天后,养殖池中注水18m;施撒有机肥料,每亩施肥2kg,以培养水中水草、浮萍和浮游动物;
(2)黄鳝苗的选择:选择无伤病、体重在40-50g、健康的黄鳝苗,在投入之前进行浸泡消毒,每个养殖区投入450尾黄鳝苗,且在每个养殖区投入25条泥鳅;
(3)黄鳝病害预防:每月定期在每个养殖区内撒入中药组合物进行病害预防,中药组合物用量为0.2-0.5g/m3;
(4)养殖池的管理:每月用生石灰调节养殖池中的pH值,使得pH值范围为7-7.4;每3天为养殖池换水一次,一次更水量为70%,及时为养殖池中的黄鳝进行增氧;每月使用1次微生物制剂以改良养殖池水质和底质,使水体微生态呈良性循环;
(5)黄鳝的喂食:黄鳝苗在放养后3-5天不投喂;放养5天后,每天定点进行2次饲料的投喂;所述饲料的投喂量为黄鳝总重量的5%-8%;根据天气、水温、鱼种的活动情况以及吃食情况适当调整;
(6)成熟期捕捞:当每尾黄鳝体重达到150g左右时进行捕捞,先清除水草,然后加大水位,引黄鳝出洞,再放干池水捕捉。
步骤(1)中的有机肥料由下列重量份的原料组成:25份氧化钾、20份聚天门冬氨酸钠、12份硼酸、3份复合酶剂、2份微量元素、55份石灰氮、1份消化抑制剂、20份添加剂。
添加剂由下列重量份的原料熬煮而成:30份杏仁、15份黄连、20份云苓、24份麦冬、10份旋复花、15份石榴皮、6份苹果核、3份菟丝子、8份杜仲、16份牛膝、7份白豆蔻。
步骤(2)中黄鳝苗在浓度为2%的食盐水中浸泡6分钟进行消毒,以杀灭寄生在黄鳝苗体表的寄生虫、病原菌等。
步骤(3)中的中药组合物包括如下重量份的中药:苦楝树皮80份、菖蒲根茎20份、甜菜碱6份、君子6份、贯众25份、生地18份、榧子18份、百部15份、苦参15份、干姜4份、辣椒12份、麸皮95份;中药组合物的制备方法是称取各中药成分放入沙锅中加水煎煮,滤渣得到煎煮液,将煎煮液倒入到每个养殖区中。
步骤(5)中的饲料包括如下重量份的原料组成:鱼粉35份、豆粕18份、玉米粉42份、粪肥15份、蚯蚓35份、麦麸38份、米糠40份、枯草芽孢杆菌1份、酵素菌0.5份、固体光合细菌0.5份。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或变型,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种黄鳝的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)养殖池的搭建:选择水质无污染、池底淤泥为12-15cm厚度的池塘作为养殖池;在养殖池中搭建多个8-10m×2-3m的单独养殖区,养殖区之间的间距为1.2-1.5m,养殖区的四周均设置防护网,养殖区中均设有喂养台;在养殖区中种植少许的水草和浮萍;抽干养殖池中的水,暴晒池底5天,然后向养殖池中注水6-10cm,并且每亩撒入生石灰60-85kg进行消毒,2-3天后,养殖池中注水1.5-2m;施撒有机肥料,每亩施肥2kg;
(2)黄鳝苗的选择:选择无伤病、体重在40-50g、健康的黄鳝苗,在投入之前进行浸泡消毒,每个养殖区投入350-450尾黄鳝苗,且在每个养殖区投入25-35条泥鳅;
(3)黄鳝病害预防:每月定期在每个养殖区内撒入中药组合物进行病害预防,中药组合物用量为0.2-0.5g/m3;
(4)养殖池的管理:每月用生石灰调节养殖池中的pH值,使得pH值范围为7-7.4;每3-5天为养殖池换水一次,一次更水量为70%-80%,及时为养殖池中的黄鳝进行增氧;每月使用1次微生物制剂以改良养殖池水质和底质,使水体微生态呈良性循环;
(5)黄鳝的喂食:黄鳝苗在放养后3-5天不投喂;放养5天后,每天定点进行1-3次饲料的投喂;所述饲料的投喂量为黄鳝总重量的5%-8%;根据天气、水温、鱼种的活动情况以及吃食情况适当调整;
(6)成熟期捕捞:当每尾黄鳝体重达到150g左右时进行捕捞,先清除水草,然后加大水位,引黄鳝出洞,再放干池水捕捉。
2.如权利要求1所述的黄鳝的生态养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的有机肥料由下列重量份的原料组成:25-35份氧化钾、15-25份聚天门冬氨酸钠、8-15份硼酸、2-3份复合酶剂、1-2份微量元素、45-55份石灰氮、0.5-1份消化抑制剂、15-25份添加剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的黄鳝的生态养殖方法,其特征在于:所述添加剂由下列重量份的原料熬煮而成:25-30份杏仁、15-18份黄连、20-25份云苓、20-24份麦冬、10-15份旋复花、15-18份石榴皮、5-8份苹果核、2-3份菟丝子、5-8份杜仲、15-16份牛膝、4-7份白豆蔻。
4.如权利要求1所述的黄鳝的生态养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中黄鳝苗在浓度为2%-3%的食盐水中浸泡4-6分钟进行消毒。
5.如权利要求1所述的黄鳝的生态养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中的中药组合物包括如下重量份的中药:苦楝树皮60-80份、菖蒲根茎15-25份、甜菜碱5-8份、君子5-8份、贯众20-25份、生地15-20份、榧子15-20份、百部8-15份、苦参12-15份、干姜3-5份、辣椒8-15份、麸皮80-95份;所述中药组合物的制备方法是称取各中药成分放入沙锅中加水煎煮,滤渣得到煎煮液,将煎煮液倒入到每个养殖区中。
6.如权利要求1所述的黄鳝的生态养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中的饲料包括如下重量份的原料组成:鱼粉20-35份、豆粕15-25份、玉米粉35-45份、粪肥10-20份、蚯蚓20-35份、麦麸20-40份、米糠25-45份、枯草芽孢杆菌0.5-1份、酵素菌0.3-0.8份、固体光合细菌0.3-0.5份。
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