CN107493816B - Corn stalk classifying and harvesting integrated machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of practical training devices, in particular to a corn straw classifying and harvesting integrated machine, which comprises a plurality of shearing mechanisms for shearing a non-nutritive lignified part at the lower part of a straw, a plurality of ear picking mechanisms for picking corn ears and a stem, leaf, ear and stem separating and collecting device for separating stems, leaves, ears and stems; the ear picking mechanism is positioned at the front part of the stem, leaf, ear and stem separating and collecting device, and the shearing mechanism is positioned at the side lower part and the rear part of the ear picking mechanism. The ear picking mode of the machine is a mode of simulating manual breaking off of the corn, and the ear picking loss rate is theoretically 0. The threshing, bundling and stubble cleaning mechanisms can be additionally arranged on the machine, so that the application range is enlarged, and the production efficiency and the integration degree are improved.

Description

Corn stalk classifying and harvesting integrated machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of harvesters, in particular to a corn straw classification and harvesting integrated machine.

Background

The straw is divided into three parts, namely a stem, a leaf and a root, the root is a part with the length range of about 50-60cm of the lower part of the height of the straw, the part mainly refers to a lignified part, and the stem is a part with the lower root removed from the height of the straw. The three parts of the stems, the leaves and the roots of the straw have different nutrition components, the nutrition components of the leaves are the highest, the straw should be used as concentrated feed in animal husbandry, but the leaves are basically not recycled independently in the current harvesting, the nutrition components of the stems are wasted, the stems are centered, the straw is the main component of the feed, the roots in the length range of about 50 cm to 60cm near the roots of the straw are basically free of any nutrition component, the straw should not be used as the feed, the straw should be crushed and returned to the field, the whole straw should not be crushed and returned to the field, the whole straw should be used as the feed, or the straw is separated manually later, and the straw is collected in a classified manner when being harvested.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the technology, and provides a corn stalk classifying and harvesting integrated machine which is used for crushing roots and returning the roots to fields and classifying and collecting stems, leaves and corn ears. And the resource utilization is maximized according to the classified collection of the nutritional ingredients of the straw.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the aim:

the corn stalk classifying and harvesting integrated machine includes several shearing mechanisms for shearing the lower non-nutritious lignified part of stalk, several corn ear picking mechanisms for picking corn ear and stalk separating and collecting device for separating stalk, stalk and stalk;

the ear picking mechanism is positioned at the front part of the stem, leaf, ear and stem separating and collecting device, and the shearing mechanism is positioned at the side lower part and the rear part of the ear picking mechanism;

the shearing mechanism comprises an input shaft, a bearing, a first sprocket set, a first gear, a rotor bearing, an outer rotating arm, an outer scissor, an inner rotating arm, an inner scissor, a first shaft, a second gear, a first bevel gear pair, a second shaft, a transmission shaft and a second bevel gear pair, wherein the two ends of the input shaft are arranged on a frame through the bearing, the input shaft is connected with one end of the transmission shaft through the second bevel gear pair, the second bevel gear pair drives the second shaft to rotate through the transmission shaft and the first bevel gear pair, other shearing mechanisms are driven, the input shaft drives the first shaft to rotate through the first sprocket set, the outer ring of the first shaft is fixedly provided with the second gear, the second gear is meshed with the first gear fixed on the rotor bearing, a plurality of inner rotating arms are fixed on the inner scissor in the radial direction of the front end of the input shaft, the outer rotating arms are arranged on the input shaft through the rotor bearing, the outer rotating arms are externally fixed on the outer rotating arms,

the upper and lower limit rods in each group are spaced from the upper and lower limit rods in the adjacent group of the ear picking mechanisms by the straw diameter, the upper and lower limit rods extend to the supporting plate, the extending distance of the ear picking cutters is adjustable, and the spacing between the ear picking cutters in each group and the ear picking cutters in other adjacent groups is the straw diameter; the ear picking mechanism comprises a lower limiting rod, a second chain wheel group, a third shaft, a front guide part, an ear picking knife, a supporting rod and an upper limiting rod; the driving wheel of the second chain wheel set is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, the driven wheel of the second chain wheel set is fixedly connected with the driving wheel of the third chain wheel set on the same rotary shaft, a plurality of ear picking cutters are fixed on a chain of the third chain wheel set, the ear picking cutters are arranged in front of the shearing mechanism, the front end of the front guide part is in a pointed triangle or arc-shaped frame structure, the upper and lower limit rods at the rear end are in a horizontal frame structure parallel to the running direction, the rear ends of the upper and lower limit rods are provided with horizontal limit rods, the support rods are arranged behind the third chain wheel set, the support rods are fixed after the length is adjusted, the ear picking cutters move downwards in front of the support rods, the upper limit rods, the lower limit rods, the front guide part and the support rods are connected into a frame structure, the bottom of the ear picking cutters form a collecting hopper, the collecting hopper forms a bottom by steel plate, and the front end is high, the rear end is low, the two sides are high, and the middle is low, so that the corn ears can slide backwards onto the conveyor belt; a chain deflector rod auxiliary shifting device is arranged at the collecting hopper to push the ears and leaves to move towards the conveyor belt in the collecting hopper,

the stem leaf and spike rod separating and collecting device comprises a corn spike collecting and conveying component, a leaf collecting component and a stem collecting component, wherein the corn spike collecting and conveying component comprises a first supporting plate, a collecting hopper, a first roller, a conveying belt, a leaf scraping claw, a lower push rod, a fourth chain wheel set, a second roller, a lifting machine, a third bevel gear pair, a lower chain wheel set, a 1/4 circular arc steering supporting plate, a fourth shaft, a second supporting plate, a vertical rod, an extension rod, an upper push rod, a spike collecting box, a leaf collecting box, a stem collecting box and an upper chain wheel set;

stem collection component: the driving wheel of the third bevel gear pair is fixed on the input shaft, the driven wheel is fixed on the fourth shaft, the upper chain wheel set, the lower chain wheel set and the driving wheel are fixed on the fourth shaft, the upper push rod and the lower push rod are respectively fixed on chains of the upper chain wheel set and the lower chain wheel set, the upper push rod and the lower push rod move horizontally synchronously along with the upper chain wheel set and the lower chain wheel set above the second supporting plate, the front end of the first supporting plate is above the shearing mechanism, when the lignified root is cut off, the stem falls onto the first supporting plate in a proper state, the two sides of the main body of the first supporting plate are provided with bulges to form an inwards concave strip-shaped structure, a chain deflector rod is arranged at the upper limit rod and the lower limit rod to assist in poking the stem to move towards the second supporting plate, the rear lower part of the first supporting plate is connected with the second supporting plate, the 1/4 circular arc steering supporting plate is connected with the second supporting plate, and the stem collecting box is arranged below the 1/4 circular arc steering supporting plate;

leaf collection box component: the leaf scraping claw is fixed below the extension bar, the extension bar is fixed on the vertical bar, the vertical bar is fixed on a lower push rod or a chain of a lower chain wheel group, the extension bar is below the second supporting plate, the leaf scraping claw is above the conveyor belt, and the leaf collecting box is below the driving first roller of the conveyor belt;

an ear of corn collection and transfer unit; the ear collecting box is arranged below the outlet of the lifter, the collecting hopper in the stem leaf ear separating and collecting device is arranged at the bottom of the plate, the front part is high, the rear part is low, the two sides are high, the middle part is low, the rear outlet is arranged above the conveying belt, the driving wheel of the fourth chain wheel set is fixed at the tail end of the driving shaft, and the driven wheel is fixedly connected with the second roller of the lifter on the same rotary shaft.

Preferably, the inner rotating arm and the outer rotating arm are respectively provided with a radial long groove, so that the inner scissors and the outer scissors can move along the inner rotating arm and the outer rotating arm, the radial distance between the inner rotating arm and the outer rotating arm is adjusted to the axis, and the inner scissors and the outer scissors are fixed through bolts. The circumferential direction of the inner scissors and the outer scissors are provided with corresponding arc shapes, and the horizontal spacing of a plurality of groups of shearing mechanisms with the same structure is provided.

Preferably, the inner scissors and the outer scissors are respectively in straight shank structures or L-shaped structures which are convenient for adjusting the distance.

Preferably, the upper push rod, the lower push rod and the chain deflector rod arranged at the upper limit rod and the lower limit rod respectively adjust the positions of the push rod or the deflector rod on the chain, so that the stem is kept upright when moving or the bottom is in front in the moving direction, and the top is slightly inclined backwards.

The corn harvester has the beneficial effects that the corn harvesting mode of the harvester is a mode of simulating manual corn breaking, and the corn harvesting loss rate is theoretically 0. The threshing, bundling and stubble cleaning mechanisms can be additionally arranged on the machine, so that the application range is enlarged, and the production efficiency and the integration degree are improved. The machine is arranged in front of the tractor through the suspension bracket, and performs field operation under the drive of the tractor. Under the guidance of the front guide part, the field straw enters between the upper limit rod and the lower limit rod, and acts together with the limit rods of adjacent groups to limit the left and right swing of the field straw, the corn ear and the corn leaf are cut off from the root by the corn ear picking knife against the straw stem, fall into the collecting hopper, then are sent to the conveying belt, the corn leaf is scraped to the corn leaf collecting box by the leaf scraping claw, and the corn ear is sent to the lifting machine and is sent to the corn ear collecting box. After the ear is picked, the straw runs to the position of the shearing mechanism along with the opening of the tractor, the straw is positioned in the vertical diameter direction of the shearing mechanism, the lignified part of the lower part of the straw is sheared by the shearing mechanism, the length can be controlled by adjusting the diameter of the inner scissors and the outer scissors, and the straw is crushed and returned to the field in a shearing barrel formed by the rotation of the scissors. The stems with the lignified roots removed fall onto the supporting plates, run onto the following supporting plates under the pushing of the following straw stems, and then fall into the stem collecting box above the stem collecting box running aside under the pushing of the upper push rod and the lower push rod. The stem and leaf collecting box can be provided with a compression mechanism for compressing the stem and leaf collecting box into bundles. .

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. As shown in figure 1, the corn stalk classifying and harvesting integrated machine comprises a plurality of shearing mechanisms 1 for shearing non-nutritive lignified parts at the lower parts of the stalks, a plurality of ear picking mechanisms 2 for picking corn ears and a stem, leaf, ear and stem separating and collecting device 3 for separating stems, leaves, ears and stems; the ear picking mechanism 2 is positioned at the front part of the stem, leaf, ear and stem separating and collecting device 3, and the shearing mechanism 1 is positioned below the side of the ear picking mechanism 2.

Shearing mechanism 1: the rotary shearing barrel comprises an input shaft 1.01, a bearing 1.02, a first chain wheel set 1.03, a first gear 1.04, a rotor bearing 1.05, an outer rotating arm 1.06, an outer shearing tool 1.07, an inner rotating arm 1.08, an inner shearing tool 1.09, a first shaft 1.10, a second gear 1.11, a first bevel gear pair 1.12, a second shaft 1.13, a transmission shaft 1.14 and a second bevel gear pair 1.15, wherein an inner rotating arm and an outer rotating arm are arranged in the radial direction of the front end of the input shaft, the inner rotating arm and the outer rotating arm are arranged in the circumferential direction about 2-10 pairs according to circumstances, and a rotary shearing barrel is formed after the rotary shearing barrel is rotated. Each inner rotating arm and each outer rotating arm are provided with radial long grooves, so that the inner scissors and the outer scissors can move along the inner rotating arm and the outer rotating arm, adjust the radial distance to the axis and then fix the inner scissors and the outer scissors. The cutting edges of the inner scissors and the outer scissors are opposite, and the opposite rear cutter surfaces are arc-shaped, so that the inner scissors and the outer scissors do not interfere with each other when rotating. The inner scissors and the outer scissors can be of straight shank structures or L-shaped structures convenient for adjusting the distance. An inner hole of an outer rotary arm sleeve shaft is fixed on an outer ring of a rotor bearing 1.05, the outer rotary arm sleeve shaft is fixedly connected with an inner hole of a first gear 1.04, an inner ring of the rotor bearing 1.05 is fixed on a shaft 1.01, the shaft 1.01 drives an inner scissor 1.10 to rotate forwards through an inner rotary arm 1.08, and the shaft 1.01 drives an outer scissor 1.07 to rotate reversely through a first sprocket set 1.03, a second gear 1.11, the first gear 1.04 and an outer rotary arm 1.06; the inner scissors 1.09 and the outer scissors 1.06 can move radially along the inner rotating arm 1.08 and the outer rotating arm 1.06 respectively, the distance between the inner scissors and the outer scissors and the shearing radius are adjusted to be suitable for shearing, the second bevel gear pair 1.15 drives the second shaft 1.13 to rotate through the shaft 1.14 and the first bevel gear pair 1.12, and other groups of inner and outer rotary shearing mechanisms are driven. The shearing mechanism can be arranged in a plurality of groups according to the production efficiency and the power of the tractor. The cutting mechanism cuts the lignified part without nutrition at the lower part of the straw in the rotary cutting barrel, separates from the stem at the upper part, and continuously breaks up the lignified part in the continuous rotation process, and then returns to the field. Because field operation is driven by the tractor, the tractor is equipped with the motor very little, most is the engine, be equipped with the output shaft port, the tractor is right, from right to left lower side motion, need not to draw, the input shaft 1.01 of tractor output shaft drive this mechanism is as the power source, the whole equipment passes through the mounted frame and installs in the tractor the place ahead, power is through input shaft 1.01 input, through bevel gear pair 1.15 drive shaft 1.14, the bevel gear pair 1.12 of redrive and axle 1.13, set up another group of shearing mechanism on 1.13 axle, and so on, set up multiunit bevel gear pair 1.12, realize multiunit shearing mechanism simultaneous working, improve production efficiency, certainly, the input shaft sets up in the centre of multiunit mechanism or all can on the edge, but cylinder 3.03 is on an axle on the edge.

The ear picking mechanism 2 comprises a second chain wheel set 2.02, a third chain wheel set 2.03, an ear picking knife 2.06, a lower limiting rod 2.01, a third shaft 2.04, a leading part 2.05, a supporting rod 2.07 and an upper limiting rod 2.08, wherein the ear picking knife 2.06 is fixedly connected to a chain in the third chain wheel set 2.03; the harvester is characterized in that a driving wheel of a second sprocket set 2.02 in the harvester mechanism 2 is fixedly connected with a transmission shaft 1.14, a driven wheel of the second sprocket set 2.02 and a driving wheel of a third sprocket set 2.03 are fixedly connected on the same rotating shaft, a plurality of harvester cutters 2.06 are fixed on a chain of the third sprocket set 2.03, and are arranged in front of a shearing mechanism, and the harvester is used for picking spikes first and then shearing lignified roots. The front end of the front guide part 2.05 is of a triangular or circular arc-shaped frame structure with a pointed end, a supporting rod is arranged at the pointed end according to the structural condition, the upper limit rod and the lower limit rod at the rear end are of horizontal frame structures parallel to the running direction, and the rear ends of the upper limit rod and the lower limit rod are provided with horizontal limit rods so as to prevent the stems from turning over when moving on the supporting plate 3.14. The supporting rod 2.07 is arranged behind the third chain wheel group 2.03, and the ear picking knife 2.06 moves downwards in front of the supporting rod 2.07 from top to bottom, so that the supporting rod is prevented from obstructing the corn ear to pass through; the ear picking mechanisms 2 are arranged on the shaft 1.14 in a plurality of groups, the spacing between the upper limiting rod in each group and the upper limiting rod in the ear picking mechanism in the adjacent group is the diameter of the straw, and the spacing between the ear picking cutters in each group and the ear picking cutters in other adjacent groups is the diameter of the straw. The inner and outer rotary shearing mechanisms are arranged in the middle of the adjacent group of ear picking mechanisms and behind the ear picking cutters. The upper and lower limiting rods of adjacent groups limit the straws to prevent the straws from swinging left and right, the ear picking knife is attached to the straws, and the ears and leaves are split from the roots to fall into the collecting hopper below. The upper limiting rod, the lower limiting rod, the front guide part and the support rod are of a frame structure, the bottom of the upper limiting rod, the front guide part and the support rod form a collecting hopper, the collecting hopper can be formed by welding steel plates, the front end of the collecting hopper is high, the rear end of the collecting hopper is low, the two sides of the collecting hopper are high, the middle of the collecting hopper is low, and the corncob can conveniently slide backwards onto the conveying belt 3.04. A scraping plate can be arranged on the chain of the second chain wheel set 2.02, so that the corn ears can slide backwards conveniently. Plates made of materials such as steel, plastics and the like can be additionally arranged at the left end and the right end of the front guide part, so that the guide of straws is facilitated, but the plates can not prevent corncobs from passing.

The two leading parts 2.05 of two adjacent furrows introduce the straw into the positions of the upper limit rod and the lower limit rod 2.08, the straw is in an upright state at the moment, the upper limit rod and the lower limit rod are arranged on two sides to limit the straw to enable the straw to be upright, the ear picking knife 2.06 moves downwards from the high position to be attached to the straw, the ears and the leaves are cut off from the root parts, and then the ears and the leaves return to the upper side along with the chain after going to the lower side, and a plurality of ear picking knives can be arranged on the chain. The ear picking knife can be arranged in front of the supporting rod 2.07 so as not to interfere with movement or the ear is blocked on the supporting rod. The leaves and ears fall into a collection hopper and then slide onto a horizontal conveyor belt that is transverse. The stirring device can be arranged to push the ears and leaves to move towards the conveyor belt in the collecting hopper, and the stirring device can share a chain driving chain wheel axis with a chain auxiliary stirring device in a stirring stem chain auxiliary stirring rod at the lower limiting rod, so that the structure is simplified.

The stem leaf and spike rod separating and collecting device 3 is divided into a corn spike collecting and conveying component, a leaf collecting component and a stem collecting component and comprises a first supporting plate 3.01, a collecting bucket 3.02, a first roller 3.03, a conveying belt 3.04, a leaf scraping claw 3.05, a lower push rod 3.06, a fourth chain wheel group 3.07, a second roller 3.08, a lifting machine 3.09, a third bevel gear pair 3.10, a lower chain wheel group 3.11, a 1/4 circular arc steering supporting plate 3.12, a fourth shaft 3.13, a second supporting plate 3.14, a vertical rod 3.15, a lengthening rod 3.16, an upper push rod 3.17, a spike collecting box 3.18, a leaf collecting box 3.19, a stem collecting box 3.20 and an upper chain wheel group 3.21;

stem collection component: the driving wheel of the third bevel gear pair 3.10 is fixed on the shaft 1.01, the driven wheel is fixed on the fourth shaft 3.13, the driving wheel of the upper chain wheel set 3.21 and the driving wheel of the lower chain wheel set 3.11 are fixed on the fourth shaft 3.13, the upper push rod 3.17 and the lower push rod 3.06 are respectively fixed on the chains of the upper chain wheel set 3.21 and the lower chain wheel set 3.11, the upper push rod and the lower push rod move horizontally synchronously with the upper chain wheel set and the lower chain wheel set above the second support plate 3.14, the front end of the first support plate 3.01 slightly deviates from the linear speed direction when the outer scissors rotate to the right above the first support plate 3.01, when the root is cut off, the stems fall onto the first support plate 3.01 in a smooth surface, the main body is in a groove shape, the stems are prevented from sliding down, the stems cut off from the lower side are connected with the second chain wheel set 3.21 and 3.11, the stems cut off from the lower lignified part fall onto the first support plate 3.01, the stems are pushed by the following straws and move along the upper side and lower side 2.08 and lower side 2.3.01 to the upper side 2.12 and the lower side of the upper push rod and the lower side 2.01 fall onto the second support plate 3.20.12, and the lower side is moved to the upper side and the upper side of the upper support plate 3.12 is under the inertia is under the action. A chain or belt drive may also be provided to assist in moving the straw stems along the first pallet 3.01 to the second pallet 3.14. One radius of the 1/4 circular arc steering supporting plate is connected with the second supporting plate 3.14, and the other radius is slightly inclined to the rear and lower side and is above the stem collecting box 3.20. After the straw is sheared, the upper straw stem falls onto the first supporting plate 3.01, and the straw stem runs forward along with the tractor and is equivalent to backward running, and a chain can be additionally arranged at the upper limit rod and the lower limit rod to assist in poking, so that the straw stem is in an approximately vertical state, and can slightly incline to the forward direction of the tractor through the position of the poking rod on the chain, so that the head biting phenomenon is avoided, and the straw stem stably moves to the second supporting plate 3.14. After moving to the second supporting plate 3.14, the upper push rod 3.17 and 3.06 push the upper push rod to move horizontally and transversely to move towards the stem and leaf collecting box, and the upper push rod and the lower push rod enable the stem to move horizontally and transversely through the installation position on the chain, so that the bottom is in front of the moving direction, the head is slightly inclined backwards to avoid the head biting phenomenon, but the inclination angle is small and is similar to an upright state. The straw stems move to the 1/4 arc-shaped supporting plate and fall into the stem collecting box, and along with inertia, the upper parts fall down towards the direction of the tractor and fall into the stem collecting box in the forward direction.

Leaf collection box component: the scraping claw 3.05 is fixed below the extension bar 3.16, the extension bar 3.16 is fixed on the vertical bar 3.15, the vertical bar 3.15 is fixed on the chain of the lower push rod 3.06 or the lower chain wheel group 3.11, the extension bar 3.16 is below the second supporting plate 3.14, and the leaf collecting box 3.19 is below the driving first roller 3.03 of the conveying belt 3.04. The leaves and the corncobs are cut off from the roots by the ear picking knife, then are conveyed to the conveying belt 3.04 through the collecting hopper, and the leaves move to one end of the conveying belt under the driving of the leaf scraping claw and fall into the leaf collecting box. The movement direction of the upper push rod and the lower push rod is opposite to the movement direction of the upper push rod and the lower push rod, the leaf scraping claw extending downwards from the lower push rod scrapes the leaves into the leaf collecting box like hands, the ears are transported to the lifting machine 3.09 along with the conveying belt, and the movement directions of the ears and the leaves are opposite. The upper push rod, the lower push rod and the second supporting plate 3.14 are arranged above the horizontal conveying belt, and the lower push rod bypasses the lower part of the second supporting plate 3.14 through the vertical rod 3.15 and the extension rod 3.16, so that the scraping leaves are grabbed above the horizontal conveying belt.

The ear collection bin 3.18 is below the elevator exit and the first pallet 3.01 is above the outer shears 1.07. The device is characterized in that a collecting hopper 3.02 in the stem, leaf and ear separating and collecting device is characterized in that a plate is used as a bottom, the front part is high, the rear part is low, the two sides are high, the middle part is low, the rear outlet is above a conveying belt 3.04, a fourth chain wheel set 3.07 driving wheel is fixed at the tail end of a transmission shaft 1.14, and a driven wheel is fixedly connected with a second roller 3.08 of a lifting machine 3.09 on the same rotary shaft. After the leaves and the corn ears are cut off from the roots by the ear picking knife, the corn ears are conveyed to the conveyor belt 3.04 through the collecting hopper, the corn ears are driven by the conveyor belt to move to the other end of the conveyor belt, and the corn ears are conveyed to the ear collecting box 3.18 through the lifter 3.09.

Baffles can be added around the collecting device to prevent stems, leaves and ears from falling out.

The ear picking mechanism and the shearing mechanism can be provided with a plurality of groups according to specific conditions, and the interval between the groups can be adjusted so as to adapt to different ridge distances. The height of the corn cob part and the height of the corn straw are different due to the difference of the conditions of each area, so the sizes of related structures such as the length of a chain for installing the ear picking knife, the height of the limiting rod and the like are designed to be adjustable, such as a telescopic mode and the like. The horizontal distance between the limiting rods 2.08 of different groups can be adjusted, and the upper and lower parallel limiting rods can not be in a vertical plane so as to adapt to the diameter change of different heights of the straw.

The ear picking mechanism is arranged in front of the shearing mechanism according to bionics, and is used for picking ears and shearing firstly, so that the action of manually breaking off the bracts is simulated when the straws are not cut off, and the ear picking knife is used for cutting off the ears and the leaves from the root of the ears from top to bottom by attaching the straws.

The diameter of the chain wheel of the upper chain wheel group 3.21 in the stem collecting part can be smaller than that of the chain wheel of the lower chain wheel group 3.11, so that the upper part of the straw stem is slightly inclined backwards in the forward direction of the tractor and is also inclined backwards in the transverse moving direction of the straw stem, and the possibility of falling down of the stem in the moving process is reduced. Horizontal transverse limit rods can be properly arranged behind the upper limit rods 2.08 and the lower limit rods 2.01, so that the stems are prevented from falling down in the process of moving on the second supporting plate 3.14.

The machine is arranged in front of the tractor through the suspension bracket, and performs field operation under the drive of the tractor. Under the guidance of the front guide part, the field straw enters between the upper limit rod and the lower limit rod, and acts together with the limit rods of adjacent groups to limit the left and right swing of the field straw, the corn ear and the corn leaf are cut off from the root part by the corn ear picking knife, fall into the collecting hopper by the straw stem, then are sent into the conveying belt, the corn leaf is scraped by the leaf scraping device to the leaf collecting box, and the corn ear is sent to the lifting machine and is sent to the corn ear collecting box. After the ear is picked, the straw runs to the position of the shearing mechanism along with the opening of the tractor, the straw is positioned in the vertical diameter direction of the shearing mechanism, the lignified part of the lower part of the straw is sheared by the shearing mechanism, the length can be controlled by adjusting the diameter of the inner scissors and the outer scissors, and the straw is crushed and returned to the field in a shearing barrel formed by the rotation of the scissors. The stems with the lignified roots removed fall onto the supporting plates, run onto the following supporting plates under the pushing of the following straw stems, and then fall into the stem collecting box above the stem collecting box running aside under the pushing of the upper push rod and the lower push rod. The stem and leaf collecting box can be provided with a compression mechanism for compressing the stem and leaf collecting box into bundles.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a maize straw classification results all-in-one which characterized in that: comprises a plurality of shearing mechanisms (1) for shearing the non-nutritive lignified parts at the lower parts of the straws, a plurality of ear picking mechanisms (2) for picking corn ears, and a stem leaf and ear stem separating and collecting device (3) for separating stems and leaves and ear stems;

the ear picking mechanism (2) is positioned at the front part of the stem, leaf, ear and stem separating and collecting device (3), and the shearing mechanism (1) is positioned at the side lower part and the rear part of the ear picking mechanism (2);

the shearing mechanism (1) comprises an input shaft (1.01), a bearing (1.02), a first sprocket set (1.03), a first gear (1.04), a rotor bearing (1.05), an outer rotating arm (1.06), an outer scissor (1.07), an inner scissor (1.08), an inner scissor (1.09), a first shaft (1.10), a second gear (1.11), a first bevel gear pair (1.12), a second shaft (1.13), a transmission shaft (1.14) and a second bevel gear pair (1.15), two ends of the input shaft (1.01) are arranged on a frame through the bearing (1.02), the input shaft (1.01) is connected with one end of the transmission shaft (1.14) through the second bevel gear pair (1.15), the second bevel gear pair (1.15) drives the second shaft (1.13) to rotate through the transmission shaft (1.14), the first bevel gear pair (1.12) drives the second shaft (1.11) to rotate, the input shaft (1.01) drives the inner scissor (1.01) to rotate through the first bevel gear pair (1.01) and the inner scissor (1.08) in the radial direction, the first sprocket set (1.11) is meshed with the first sprocket set (1.08) through the first bevel gear pair (1.11), the outer rotating arm (1.06) is arranged on the input shaft (1.01) through the rotor bearing (1.05), the outer scissors (1.07) are fixed on the outer rotating arm (1.06),

the ear picking mechanism (2) is provided with a plurality of groups on a transmission shaft (1.14), the heights and horizontal lengths of the upper and lower limiting rods are fixed after being adjusted, so that the height of the ears is positioned between the upper and lower limiting rods, the distance between the upper and lower limiting rods in each group and the upper and lower limiting rods in the adjacent group ear picking mechanisms is the diameter of the straws, the upper and lower limiting rods extend to the 3.14 position of the supporting plate, the extending distance of the ear picking cutters is adjustable, and the distance between the ear picking cutters in each group and the ear picking cutters in other adjacent groups is the diameter of the straws; the ear picking mechanism (2) comprises a lower limiting rod (2.01), a second chain wheel set (2.02), a third chain wheel set (2.03), a third shaft (2.04), a front guide part (2.05), an ear picking knife (2.06), a supporting rod (2.07) and an upper limiting rod (2.08); the driving wheel of the second chain wheel set (2.02) is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft (1.14), the driven wheel of the second chain wheel set (2.02) is fixedly connected with the driving wheel of the third chain wheel set (2.03) on the same rotary shaft, a plurality of ear picking knives (2.06) are fixed on the chain of the third chain wheel set (2.03), the ear picking knives are arranged in front of the shearing mechanism, the front end of the front guide part (2.05) is of a pointed triangle or arc-shaped frame structure, the upper and lower limit bars at the rear end are of a horizontal frame structure parallel to the running direction, the rear ends of the upper and lower limit bars are provided with horizontal limit bars, the supporting bars (2.07) are arranged behind the third chain wheel set (2.03), the supporting bars (2.07) are fixed after the length is adjusted, the ear picking knives (2.06) move downwards in front of the supporting bars (2.07), the upper limit bars (2.08), the lower limit bars (2.01), the front guide parts (2.05) and the supporting bars (2.07) are connected into a whole frame structure, the bottom forms a collecting hopper (3.02), the bottom forms a high-side and a low-side steel plate, and a high-side and high-side corn-side form, and a low-side corn-side form, and a high-side, and convenient corn-side band; a chain deflector rod auxiliary shifting device is arranged at the collecting hopper to push the ears and leaves to move towards the conveying belt in the collecting hopper,

the stem leaf and spike rod separating and collecting device (3) is divided into a corn ear collecting and conveying component, a leaf collecting component and a stem collecting component and comprises a first supporting plate (3.01), a first roller (3.03), a conveying belt (3.04), a leaf scraping claw (3.05), a lower push rod (3.06), a fourth chain wheel set (3.07), a second roller (3.08), a lifting machine (3.09), a third bevel gear pair (3.10), a lower chain wheel set (3.11), a 1/4 circular arc steering supporting plate (3.12), a fourth shaft (3.13), a second supporting plate (3.14), a vertical rod (3.15), an extension rod (3.16), an upper push rod (3.17), a spike collecting box (3.18), a leaf collecting box (3.19), a stem collecting box (3.20) and an upper chain wheel set (3.21);

stem collection component: the driving wheel of the third bevel gear pair (3.10) is fixed on the input shaft (1.01), the driven wheel is fixed on the fourth shaft (3.13), the driving wheels of the upper and lower chain wheel sets (3.21), (3.11) are fixed on the fourth shaft (3.13), the upper push rod (3.17) and the lower push rod (3.06) are respectively fixed on the chains of the upper chain wheel set (3.21) and the lower chain wheel set (3.11), the upper push rod and the lower push rod synchronously move horizontally above the second supporting plate (3.14) along with the upper and lower chain wheel sets, the front end of the first supporting plate (3.01) is above the shearing mechanism (1), stems fall onto the first supporting plate (3.01) in a proper state when the lignified root is cut off, the two sides of the main body of the first supporting plate (3.01) are provided with bulges to form a concave strip groove structure, a chain shifting rod is arranged at the upper and lower limit rod to assist the shifting stem to move towards the second (3.14), the rear lower part of the first supporting plate (3.01) is connected with the second supporting plate (3.14) and the second supporting plate (3.12/4) is connected with the second supporting plate (3.4) in a turning way, and the second supporting plate (3.4) is connected with the circular arc (3.4) and the supporting plate is connected with the circular arc (3.4 supporting plate (3.20);

leaf collection box component: the blade scraping claw (3.05) is fixed below the extension rod (3.16), the extension rod (3.16) is fixed on the vertical rod (3.15), the vertical rod (3.15) is fixed on a lower push rod (3.06) or a chain of a lower chain wheel set (3.11), the extension rod (3.16) is below the second supporting plate (3.14), the blade scraping claw (3.05) is above the conveying belt (3.04), and the blade collecting box (3.19) is below the driving first roller (3.03) of the conveying belt (3.04);

an ear of corn collection and transfer unit; the ear collecting box (3.18) is arranged below the outlet of the elevator, the outlet at the rear of the collecting hopper (3.02) is arranged above the conveying belt (3.04), the driving wheel of the fourth chain wheel set (3.07) is fixed at the tail end of the transmission shaft (1.14), and the driven wheel is fixedly connected with the second roller (3.08) of the elevator (3.09) on the same rotating shaft; radial long grooves are respectively arranged on the inner rotating arm (1.08) and the outer rotating arm (1.07), so that the inner scissors and the outer scissors can move along the inner rotating arm and the outer rotating arm, the radial distance between the inner scissors and the outer scissors and the axial line can be adjusted, and the inner scissors and the outer scissors are fixed through bolts;

the inner scissors (1.09) and the outer scissors (1.07) are respectively of straight shank structures or L-shaped structures which are convenient for adjusting the distance.

2. The corn stover sorting and harvesting all-in-one machine of claim 1, wherein: the upper push rod, the lower push rod and the chain deflector rod arranged at the upper limit rod and the lower limit rod respectively adjust the positions of the push rod or the deflector rod on the chain, so that the stem is kept upright when moving or the bottom is in front in the moving direction, and the top is slightly inclined backwards.

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