CN107476051B - 剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法 - Google Patents

剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法 Download PDF

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CN107476051B
CN107476051B CN201710736910.XA CN201710736910A CN107476051B CN 107476051 B CN107476051 B CN 107476051B CN 201710736910 A CN201710736910 A CN 201710736910A CN 107476051 B CN107476051 B CN 107476051B
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刘钰馨
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，包括以下步骤：将剑麻纤维浸泡过氧化氢溶液中，将超高分子量聚乙烯纤维浸泡高锰酸钾溶液中，混合得到混合纤维，速冻机速冻和醋酸钠溶液浸泡速升温，得到初处理后的混合纤维，将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、异氰酸酯、无水乙醇、乙二醇、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物制得修饰液，对混合纤维进行处理，放入1‑丁基‑3‑甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体中浸泡，得到改性混合纤维，将改性混合纤维、增强剂、增韧剂、防水剂、以及紫外线吸收剂混合，送入密炼机中，共混，再送入制线机制备钓鱼线，即得。本发明的方法能得到韧性好、强度高、相容性好，且成本低的纤维复合材料制钓鱼线。

Description

剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及钓具领域。更具体地说，本发明涉及一种剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法。
背景技术
钓鱼线可以分为以下几种：(1)尼龙线。尼龙线的制造过程一般是取聚酰胺树脂加工抽丝而成，并于成品上添加其他素材如颜色等。尼龙线的特点是具有良好的延展性和弹性。(2)碳素线。碳素线就是制造过程中，加入适量的碳素。碳素线的耐磨性较好，其延展性较差，并且因为其比重大于水，所以碳素线的切水性较佳。(3)钢丝线。一般是由多股编织而成，适用于钓大物。(4)布编织线。布编织线有多股编织而成，具有较高的拉力值，面有覆膜，耐磨性佳，广为钓者接受，缺点是切水性差。很多种类的线都可以通过编织的方式得到符合钓鱼要求的钓鱼线。(5)合成线。合成线是在尼龙线成品上添加其他素材，如浮水物资(浮水线)、沉水物资(沉水线)等。(6)陶瓷线。陶瓷线是一种高强力钓鱼线，是由日本桑莱印株式会社新开发的钓鱼线，也称为太阳线。它主要采用高分子聚合材料，在线体成型中对本体材料分子的间隙内填充特种树脂，提高线的抗拉强度和抗拒水对线体的浸入，然后在线体外加第二层特种树脂，增强钓鱼线的耐磨性，最后再加第三层特种树脂再次提高线体的抗水性。此种钓鱼线突出的特点是优异的防止水对线体的浸入性能，不会或者极少增加线体的重量，提高鱼讯反馈的灵敏性，所以人们把它形象地称为“陶瓷线”。这些是传统的钓鱼线。钓鱼线还可以利用聚乙烯纤维来制作，并且具有多方面优异的性能。聚乙烯纤维也称高强高模聚乙烯纤维或伸展链聚乙烯纤维或高分子量聚乙烯纤维，一般是指重均分子量在(1～6)×106的聚乙烯纤维，有时重均分子量还会高于此值，这种纤维在本发明中简称为聚乙烯纤维。在我国，宁波荣溢化纤科技有限公司、宁波大成新材料股份有限公司、湖南中泰特种装备有限责任公司等三家企业可以提供不同规格的聚乙烯纤维。中国专利ZL200520055125.0公开了一种空心钓鱼线，其包括钓线主体，钓线主体芯部设有中空的腔体。此空心钓鱼线结构简单，并且可以自然漂浮在水面上。目前，这样的空心钓鱼线较多，其利用化学纤维和非弹性树脂复合而成，此空心钓鱼线的断裂伸长率较小，在钓鱼的过程中容易断丝。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，以得到韧性好、强度高、相容性好，且成本低的纤维复合材料制钓鱼线。
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点，提供了一种剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将剑麻纤维浸泡在质量分数为5％的过氧化氢溶液中20min后取出，得到预处理后的剑麻纤维；
S2、将超高分子量聚乙烯纤维浸泡在质量分数为1.5％的高锰酸钾溶液中30min后取出，得到预处理后的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维；
S3、将S1中预处理后的剑麻纤维和S2中预处理后的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维按质量比1:2混合得到混合纤维，将混合纤维放入速冻机中在-18℃温度下冷冻10min，然后取出放入35℃温度的醋酸钠溶液中，3min内持续加热速升温醋酸钠溶液至50℃，然后停止加热继续浸泡2min后取出混合纤维，继续重复速冻机速冻和醋酸钠溶液浸泡速升温步骤3次，得到初处理后的混合纤维；
S4、将质量比2:1:120的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、异氰酸酯、无水乙醇混合均匀得第一混合液，然后加入占第一混合液质量0.2％的乙二醇、0.1％的脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物制得修饰液，然后将S3中初处理后的混合纤维放入修饰液中在25℃温度下进行超声处理15min，取出后放入1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体中浸泡5h，得到改性混合纤维；
S5、将质量比3:2:0.8:1.2的花岗岩、石灰岩、白云岩、页岩经洗涤、粉碎、烘干、混合，于800℃下煅烧30min，冷却至室温，得到第一混合物，将质量比为8:4:3:1的氯化聚乙烯、硬脂酸、己二酸二辛酯、以及白炭黑混合得到第二混合物，将质量比为2:3的第一混合物、第二混合物混合得到第三混合物，然后向第三混合物中加入占其质量20％的聚已二酰己二胺，在120℃混炼50min，烘干粉碎成纳米粉末，制得增强剂；
S6、将质量比为3:2:1:1.5:80的纳米碳溶胶、环氧树脂、丁腈橡胶、乙丙橡胶、乙酸乙酯混合超声分散30min，磁力搅拌1h，然后将乙酸乙酯除去，制得增韧剂；
S7、将S4中得到的改性混合纤维、S5中得到的增强剂、S6中得到的增韧剂、防水剂、以及紫外线吸收剂按质量比80:1:1.5:0.8:0.6的比例混合，送入密炼机中，在温度为105℃下，共混5h，再送入制线机制备钓鱼线，即得。
优选的是，S2中超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的相对分子质量为5万。
优选的是，S3中醋酸钠溶液的质量分数为2.5％。
优选的是，S5中氯化聚乙烯的含氯量为35％。
优选的是，S7中防水剂为有机硅防水剂。
优选的是，S7中紫外线吸收剂为邻羟基苯甲酸苯酯。
本发明至少包括以下有益效果：本发明先将剑麻纤维使用过氧化氢溶液浸泡、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维使用高锰酸钾溶液浸泡，高锰酸钾和过氧化氢对纤维表面进行预处理能提高纤维的力学性能和表面电性能，诱导聚乙烯纤维和剑麻纤维表面接枝聚合，使得剑麻纤维和聚乙烯纤维的表面结构发生松动，然后通过多次速冻和速升温，使剑麻纤维和聚乙烯纤维的纤维素分子内氢键受到一定程度的破坏，纤维素链的可动性增加，有利于纤维素向有序结构变化，同时，纤维素分子链的断裂，使纤维素链更容易再排列，改善纤维的的力学性能，另一方会超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的晶体结构膨胀，进一步诱导聚乙烯纤维与剑麻纤维的表面发生接枝聚合并逐步实现相容，使得剑麻纤维表面的-OH基团数目减少，因而剑麻纤维超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量均会明显提高，从而提高钓鱼线的韧性和强度。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现，部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
需要说明的是，下述实施方案中所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法，所述试剂和材料，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径获得。
<实施例1>
一种剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将剑麻纤维浸泡在质量分数为5％的过氧化氢溶液中20min后取出，得到预处理后的剑麻纤维；
S2、将超高分子量聚乙烯纤维浸泡在质量分数为1.5％的高锰酸钾溶液中30min后取出，得到预处理后的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维；
S3、将S1中预处理后的剑麻纤维和S2中预处理后的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维按质量比1:2混合得到混合纤维，将混合纤维放入速冻机中在-18℃温度下冷冻10min，然后取出放入35℃温度的醋酸钠溶液中，3min内持续加热速升温醋酸钠溶液至50℃，然后停止加热继续浸泡2min后取出混合纤维，继续重复速冻机速冻和醋酸钠溶液浸泡速升温步骤3次，得到初处理后的混合纤维；
S4、将质量比2:1:120的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、异氰酸酯、无水乙醇混合均匀得第一混合液，然后加入占第一混合液质量0.2％的乙二醇、0.1％的脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物制得修饰液，然后将S3中初处理后的混合纤维放入修饰液中在25℃温度下进行超声处理15min，取出后放入1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体中浸泡5h，得到改性混合纤维；
S5、将质量比3:2:0.8:1.2的花岗岩、石灰岩、白云岩、页岩经洗涤、粉碎、烘干、混合，于800℃下煅烧30min，冷却至室温，得到第一混合物，将质量比为8:4:3:1的氯化聚乙烯、硬脂酸、己二酸二辛酯、以及白炭黑混合得到第二混合物，将质量比为2:3的第一混合物、第二混合物混合得到第三混合物，然后向第三混合物中加入占其质量20％的聚已二酰己二胺，在120℃混炼50min，烘干粉碎成纳米粉末，制得增强剂；
S6、将质量比为3:2:1:1.5:80的纳米碳溶胶、环氧树脂、丁腈橡胶、乙丙橡胶、乙酸乙酯混合超声分散30min，磁力搅拌1h，然后将乙酸乙酯除去，制得增韧剂；
S7、将S4中得到的改性混合纤维、S5中得到的增强剂、S6中得到的增韧剂、防水剂、以及紫外线吸收剂按质量比80:1:1.5:0.8:0.6的比例混合，送入密炼机中，在温度为105℃下，共混5h，再送入制线机制备钓鱼线，即得；
S2中超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的相对分子质量为5万；
S3中醋酸钠溶液的质量分数为2.5％；
S5中氯化聚乙烯的含氯量为35％；
S7中防水剂为有机硅防水剂；
S7中紫外线吸收剂为邻羟基苯甲酸苯酯。
<对比例1>
一种复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，制备方法同实施例1，不同的是，不经过S1和S2步骤，即不对剑麻纤维使用过氧化氢浸泡、不对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维使用高锰酸钾溶液浸泡。
<对比例2>
一种复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，制备方法同实施例1，不同的是，不经过S3步骤，即不对剑麻纤维和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维使用速冻机速冻和醋酸钠溶液浸泡速升温步骤。
<对比例3>
一种复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，制备方法同实施例1，不同的是，不经过S4步骤，即不使用甲基丙烯酸甲酯、异氰酸酯、乙二醇、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物、以及离子液体对混合纤维进行改性。
<对比例4>
一种复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，制备方法同实施例1，不同的是，不经过S5、S6步骤，即S7中不添加增强剂和增韧剂。
<钓鱼线性能测试试验>
根据GB/T 1040.3进行测试，对实施例1、对比例1、2、3制备的钓鱼线、以及市售钓鱼线进行测试，结果如表1所示。
表1
由表1看出，实施例1中剑麻环保韧性绳的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度、压缩回弹率以及回复功百分率均优于对比例1～4和市售钓鱼线，这表明通过对剑麻纤维使用过氧化氢浸泡、对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维使用高锰酸钾溶液浸泡、对混合纤维进行速冻机速冻和醋酸钠溶液浸泡、使用甲基丙烯酸甲酯、异氰酸酯、乙二醇、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物、以及离子液体对混合纤维进行改性以及添加增强剂和增韧剂这些步骤制备的钓鱼线的韧性和强度得到明显提高。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实施例。

Claims (5)

1.一种剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、将剑麻纤维浸泡在质量分数为5％的过氧化氢溶液中20min后取出，得到预处理后的剑麻纤维；
S2、将相对分子质量为5万的聚乙烯纤维浸泡在质量分数为1.5％的高锰酸钾溶液中30min后取出，得到预处理后的聚乙烯纤维；
S3、将S1中预处理后的剑麻纤维和S2中预处理后的聚乙烯纤维按质量比1:2混合得到混合纤维，将混合纤维放入速冻机中在-18℃温度下冷冻10min，然后取出放入35℃温度的醋酸钠溶液中，3min内持续加热速升温醋酸钠溶液至50℃，然后停止加热继续浸泡2min后取出混合纤维，继续重复速冻机速冻和醋酸钠溶液浸泡速升温步骤3次，得到初处理后的混合纤维；
S4、将质量比2:1:120的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、异氰酸酯、无水乙醇混合均匀得第一混合液，然后加入占第一混合液质量0.2％的乙二醇、0.1％的脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物制得修饰液，然后将S3中初处理后的混合纤维放入修饰液中在25℃温度下进行超声处理15min，取出后放入1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体中浸泡5h，得到改性混合纤维；
S5、将质量比3:2:0.8:1.2的花岗岩、石灰岩、白云岩、页岩经洗涤、粉碎、烘干、混合，于800℃下煅烧30min，冷却至室温，得到第一混合物，将质量比为8:4:3:1的氯化聚乙烯、硬脂酸、己二酸二辛酯、以及白炭黑混合得到第二混合物，将质量比为2:3的第一混合物、第二混合物混合得到第三混合物，然后向第三混合物中加入占其质量20％的聚已二酰己二胺，在120℃混炼50min，烘干粉碎成纳米粉末，制得增强剂；
S6、将质量比为3:2:1:1.5:80的纳米碳溶胶、环氧树脂、丁腈橡胶、乙丙橡胶、乙酸乙酯混合超声分散30min，磁力搅拌1h，然后将乙酸乙酯除去，制得增韧剂；
S7、将S4中得到的改性混合纤维、S5中得到的增强剂、S6中得到的增韧剂、防水剂、以及紫外线吸收剂按质量比80:1:1.5:0.8:0.6的比例混合，送入密炼机中，在温度为105℃下，共混5h，再送入制线机制备钓鱼线，即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，其特征在于，S3中醋酸钠溶液的质量分数为2.5％。
3.如权利要求1所述的剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，其特征在于，S5中氯化聚乙烯的含氯量为35％。
4.如权利要求1所述的剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，其特征在于，S7中防水剂为有机硅防水剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的剑麻纤维聚乙烯纤维复合材料制备钓鱼线的方法，其特征在于，S7中紫外线吸收剂为邻羟基苯甲酸苯酯。
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