CN107468729A - 一种明日叶提取物的提取方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种明日叶提取物的提取方法,属于食品和医药技术领域。所述明日叶提取物的提取方法,包括如下步骤:1)挑取表面无病害、无斑点的明日叶,洗净、晾干、烘干,粉碎过筛,得到明日叶粉,向明日叶粉中加入乙酸乙酯和乙醚的混合溶液回流提取,过滤,得到滤渣;2)滤渣加入体积分数为30~50%的乙醇溶液,采用超声微波协同萃取,过滤得到提取液,提取液回收溶剂,得到浓缩液;3)将浓缩液干燥至水分≤5%,即得明日叶提取物。本发明所述方法提取率高,工艺简单,操作方便,成本低廉,适合工业化生产;提取的明日叶提取物具有疗效显著,无副作用,质量稳定的特点。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及食品和医药技术领域,具体涉及一种明日叶提取物的提取方法。
【背景技术】
明日叶,别名:长寿草、八丈草(原产于日本长寿岛之称的八丈岛上)、还阳草、明日草及天赐草等等,为宿根多年生长常绿直立草本植物,每100克可食用部分含蛋白质1.67克、脂肪0.18克、总酸0.08克、粗纤维0.79克、干物质6.6克、还原糖0.35克、维生素C11.0毫克、氨基酸总量1.51克、铁0.9毫克、钙91.7毫克、锌0.22毫克。在古代中国,人们就是利用明日叶净化血液、消除肝脏中的毒素、清洗结肠、改善肺功能、加强血液循环、医治神经功能紊乱以及减轻肌肉、关节的疼痛。国内外医学专家研究结果表明:明日草是一种神奇的保健蔬菜,其茎叶中含有大量的藻胶素、甘露醇、维生素B、磺、钾及多种氨基酸等营养元素,因而具有极强的降血压,降血脂,抑制糖尿病的奇特功效,可抗肿瘤(能阻止肿瘤增长),室内摆放还能起到杀菌净化空气的效果。特别是高血压、糖尿病患者长期食用,既可抗病又可益寿延年。
多年来,人们食用明日叶的方法一般是炒、做成酱汤或油炸等,这些传统的方法虽然很方便,但这些方法往往会对明日叶的某些营养造成破坏,或不利于人们对其营养的吸收。
现有技术中虽然也有明日叶新应用的报道,如申请号-CN201310700968.0一种具有降血糖功效的明日叶饮料及其制备方法,该申请公开了应用明日叶提取物做饮料的报道,其采用水提的方式直接提取明日叶,其存在几个问题,一是提取有效成分不完全,造成明日叶营养浪费严重,二是没有去除对人体有害的成分,导致副作用大,三是主要活性成分的重量百分比没有控制在一定范围内,使得提取物保健效果疗效不显著。
【发明内容】
本发明的发明目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种明日叶提取物的提取方法,所述方法提取率高,工艺简单,操作方便,成本低廉,适合工业化生产;提取的明日叶提取物具有疗效显著,无副作用,质量稳定的特点。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种明日叶提取物的提取方法,包括如下步骤:
1)挑取表面无病害、无斑点的明日叶,洗净、晾干、烘干,粉碎过筛,得到明日叶粉,向明日叶粉中加入乙酸乙酯和乙醚的混合溶液回流提取,过滤,得到滤渣;
2)滤渣加入体积分数为30~50%的乙醇溶液,采用超声微波协同萃取,过滤得到提取液,提取液回收溶剂,得到浓缩液;
3)将浓缩液干燥至水分≤5%,即得明日叶提取物;
所述明日叶提取物中有效成分占提取物总重量的重量百分比为:总黄酮45~55%,多糖30~40%,有机酸5~8%,其中三者重量百分比之和小于100%。
进一步地,步骤1)中,所述烘干为:晾干后的明日叶,采用热风干燥或真空干燥,于温度45~75℃条件下,干燥至明日叶的最终含水量低于10%。
进一步地,步骤1)中,所述粉碎过筛为:将烘干后的明日叶进行粗粉碎,过40~60目筛,取筛上物,得到明日叶粉。
进一步地,步骤1)中,所述混合溶液中的乙酸乙酯和乙醚的体积比为1:10~12。
进一步地,步骤2)中,所述明日叶粉与乙醇溶液的料液比为1:5~30,所述乙醇溶液的体积分数为40%。
进一步地,步骤2)中,所述超声微波协同萃取为:在超声波功率为80~100w条件下,设定微波辐射的功率为500W~800W,间歇萃取20~30分钟。
进一步地,步骤3)中,所述浓缩液干燥为浓缩液在真空度为-0.075Mpa~-0.085Mpa,温度为60~70℃条件下真空干燥。
本发明所述的“料液比”是指固态的“料”的质量与作为浸提液的“液”的质量的比。
本发明还包括用本发明的明日叶提取物制备的药物组合物,所述药物组合物是由有效量的上述明日叶提取物和药学上可接受的载体组成。其中明日叶提取物作为药物活性成分,其在药物组合物中所占重量百分比可以是0.1-99.9%,其余为药学上可接受的载体。
例如:1、在医药领域:与在口服制剂可以被接受的崩解剂、赋形剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、填充剂等常用辅助添加成分混合后,按常规的操作方法和过程,可以制成片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂或多种相应的缓释剂、控释剂等固体口服制剂形式的药物;与常规的基质、表面活性剂、穿透促进剂等常用辅助添加成分混合后,按常规的操作方法和过程,可以制成外用膏剂、栓剂、胶剂等半固体制剂形式的药物。与常规的增溶剂、乳化剂、润滑剂、起泡或消泡剂等表面活性剂、稀释剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、矫味剂、增稠剂等混合后,按相应的常规方法,可以制备成水剂、糖浆、口服液等液体制剂形式的口服药物;与常规的悬浮剂、稳定剂、分散剂或调节溶液渗透压的试剂混合,按相应的常规方法,配置成注射液、粉针剂等注射用制剂。
2、在功能食品领域:常用辅助添加成分混合后,按常规的操作方法和过程,可以制成面包、功能饮料、保健茶、口香糖等形式的功能食品。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以作出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
本发明还提供了上述明日叶提取物或药物组合物在制备治疗便秘药物中的应用。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明提取率高,工艺简单,操作方便,成本低廉,适合工业化生产。
(2)本发明萃取明日叶有效成分前用乙酸乙酯和乙醚回流提取,选择性地除去导致人体发生炎症的脂多糖,然后在超声和微波作用下用乙醇提取,结果显示,所获得的提取物含量稳定,其主要活性成分重量百分比能控制在一定的范围内,试验表明,该提取物具有治疗便秘的功效,且无任何毒副作用。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
一种明日叶提取物的提取方法,包括如下步骤:
1)挑取表面无病害、无斑点的明日叶,洗净、晾干,于45~75℃条件下热风干燥至明日叶的最终含水量低于10%,粗粉碎,过40目筛,取筛上物,得到明日叶粉,向明日叶粉中加入体积比为1:10的乙酸乙酯和乙醚的混合溶液回流提取,过滤,得到滤渣;
2)按1:5的料液比(明日叶粉:体积分数为30%的乙醇溶液)称取体积分数为30%的乙醇溶液,加入滤渣中,在超声波功率为80w,微波辐射的功率为500W条件下,间歇萃取20分钟,过滤得到提取液,提取液回收溶剂,得到浓缩液;
3)将浓缩液在真空度为-0.075Mpa~-0.085Mpa,温度为60~70℃条件下干燥至水分≤5%,即得明日叶提取物;
本实施例明日叶提取物中有效成分占提取物总重量的重量百分比为:总黄酮45%,多糖40%,有机酸8%。
本实施例制备得到的明日叶提取物干膏率为29.6%(干膏率=烘干后的明日叶提取物重量/药材用量*100%)。
实施例2
一种明日叶提取物的提取方法,包括如下步骤:
1)挑取表面无病害、无斑点的明日叶,洗净、晾干,于45~75℃条件下真空干燥至明日叶的最终含水量低于10%,粗粉碎,过60目筛,取筛上物,得到明日叶粉,向明日叶粉中加入体积比为1:12的乙酸乙酯和乙醚的混合溶液回流提取,过滤,得到滤渣;
2)按1:30的料液比(明日叶粉:体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液)称取体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液,加入滤渣中,在超声波功率为100w,微波辐射的功率为800W条件下,间歇萃取30分钟,过滤得到提取液,提取液回收溶剂,得到浓缩液;
3)将浓缩液在真空度为-0.075Mpa~-0.085Mpa,温度为60~70℃条件下干燥至水分≤5%,即得明日叶提取物;
本实施例明日叶提取物中有效成分占提取物总重量的重量百分比为:总黄酮55%,多糖30%,有机酸5%。
本实施例制备得到的明日叶提取物干膏率为31.3%(干膏率=烘干后的明日叶提取物重量/药材用量*100%)。
实施例3
一种明日叶提取物的提取方法,包括如下步骤:
1)挑取表面无病害、无斑点的明日叶,洗净、晾干,于45~75℃条件下热风干燥至明日叶的最终含水量低于10%,粗粉碎,过60目筛,取筛上物,得到明日叶粉,向明日叶粉中加入体积比为1:11的乙酸乙酯和乙醚的混合溶液回流提取,过滤,得到滤渣;
2)按1:10的料液比(明日叶粉:体积分数为40%的乙醇溶液)称取体积分数为40%的乙醇溶液,加入滤渣中,在超声波功率为90w,微波辐射的功率为600W条件下,间歇萃取25分钟,过滤得到提取液,提取液回收溶剂,得到浓缩液;
3)将浓缩液在真空度为-0.075Mpa~-0.085Mpa,温度为60~70℃条件下干燥至水分≤5%,即得明日叶提取物;
本实施例明日叶提取物中有效成分占提取物总重量的重量百分比为:总黄酮50%,多糖35%,有机酸6%。
本实施例制备得到的明日叶提取物干膏率为36.2%(干膏率=烘干后的明日叶提取物重量/药材用量*100%)。
对比例1:
对比例1的明日叶直接采用水提取,浓缩干燥获得提取物。
结果:对比例1的明日叶提取物中有效成分占提取物总重量的重量百分比为:总黄酮30%,多糖28%,有机酸5%。
对比例2:
对比例2的明日叶直接采用体积分数为40%的乙醇提取,然后浓缩干燥获得提取物。
结果:对比例2的明日叶提取物中有效成分占提取物总重量的重量百分比为:总黄酮43%,多糖24%,有机酸7%。
本发明的检测方法如下:
(1)总黄酮的含量检测:按SN/T 4592-2016标准测定;
(2)多糖的含量检测:按SN/T 4260-2015标准测定;
(3)有机酸的含量检测:按GB/T 5009.157-2003标准测定。
试验例本发明明日叶提取物治疗便秘的疗效
1、一般资料:
将500例便秘患者(其中男275例,女225例;年龄31~72岁,平均51岁)随机分为5组,每组100例。
诊断依据为中华人民共和国中医药行业标准《中医内科病证诊断疗效标准》(ZY/T001.1-94):
(1)排便时间延长,二天以上一次,粪便干燥坚硬。
(2)重者大便艰难,干燥如栗,可伴少腹胀急,神倦乏力,胃纳减退等症。
(3)排除肠道器质性疾病
2、药物:实施例1~3,对比例1和2。
3、治疗方法:
使用本实施例1~3,对比例1和2制得的明日叶提取物来进行治疗,一天2次,每次5克,泡水饮,治疗3个月为一个疗程。
4、疗效评定:
(1)治愈:2天以内排便1次,便质转润,解时通畅,短期无复发。
(2)有效:3天以内排便,便质转润,排便欠畅。
(3)无效:症状无改善。
5、试验结果
表1实施例1~3对治疗便秘的疗效
组别 | 治愈 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率 | 副作用 |
实施例1 | 86 | 10 | 4 | 96.0% | 无 |
实施例2 | 89 | 7 | 4 | 96.0% | 无 |
实施例3 | 89 | 11 | 0 | 100.0% | 无 |
对比例1 | 12 | 8 | 80 | 20.0% | 23例有上火症状 |
对比例2 | 21 | 15 | 64 | 36.0% | 31例有上火症状 |
从表1可以看出,实施例1~3的提取方法提取的明日叶提取物治疗便秘效果更显著,有效率达到96.0%以上,且用药期间,未发现有任何毒副作用,用药安全。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种明日叶提取物的提取方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)挑取表面无病害、无斑点的明日叶,洗净、晾干、烘干,粉碎过筛,得到明日叶粉,向明日叶粉中加入乙酸乙酯和乙醚的混合溶液回流提取,过滤,得到滤渣;
2)滤渣加入体积分数为30~50%的乙醇溶液,采用超声微波协同萃取,过滤得到提取液,提取液回收溶剂,得到浓缩液;
3)将浓缩液干燥至水分≤5%,即得明日叶提取物;
所述明日叶提取物中有效成分占提取物总重量的重量百分比为:总黄酮45~55%,多糖30~40%,有机酸5~8%,其中三者重量百分比之和小于100%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述烘干为:晾干后的明日叶,采用热风干燥或真空干燥,于温度45~75℃条件下,干燥至明日叶的最终含水量低于10%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述粉碎过筛为:将烘干后的明日叶进行粗粉碎,过40~60目筛,取筛上物,得到明日叶粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述混合溶液中的乙酸乙酯和乙醚的体积比为1:10~12。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述明日叶粉与乙醇溶液的料液比为1:5~30,所述乙醇溶液的体积分数为40%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述超声微波协同萃取为:在超声波功率为80~100w条件下,设定微波辐射的功率为500W~800W,间歇萃取20~30分钟。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,所述浓缩液干燥为浓缩液在真空度为-0.075Mpa~-0.085Mpa,温度为60~70℃条件下真空干燥。
8.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,由有效量的权利要求1~7的提取方法制备的明日叶提取物和药学上可接受的载体组成。
9.权利要求1~7提取方法制备得到的明日叶提取物或权利要求8的药物组合物在制备治疗便秘药物中的应用。
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