CN107460006B - 生物质蒸气分解氢气发生炉 - Google Patents

生物质蒸气分解氢气发生炉 Download PDF

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CN107460006B
CN107460006B CN201710717224.8A CN201710717224A CN107460006B CN 107460006 B CN107460006 B CN 107460006B CN 201710717224 A CN201710717224 A CN 201710717224A CN 107460006 B CN107460006 B CN 107460006B
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张达积
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Abstract

一种生物质蒸气分解氢气发生炉，它采用红外线发生源和水源料构成的炉体1包容着炉肚，在炉肚的上部设置一个有兼容二次气化器的筒式蒸气离干器3，炉肚的上中部设置一个气化气的分离器26，炉肚的底部设置一个中间设有凸型锥头的网眼盘17，网眼盘17的中间上部设置一个网眼燃烧栏11，炉肚的下部炉体1的外侧设置一个蒸气分配器22，本生物质蒸气分解氢气发生炉能对生物质气化含有焦油的气化气进行分离，再次二次氧化气化。能使蒸气离干提纯分离分配与生物质的生成气混合反应分解改质、变质转换生成氢气，从而实现效率提高的目的。

Description

生物质蒸气分解氢气发生炉
所属技术领域
本发明是一种生物质蒸气分解氢气发生炉，特别是一种利用木材废料及农作物的废弃物做原料生成气体，混合蒸气分解改质变质反应变换氢气，自给转换能量供给使用和转移分体、分级按需配套的多功能加热、供热、生物质气化、水蒸气分解氢气发生炉。
背景技术
随着生产生活的发展与进步，能源消费用热方面增加，伴随着能源消耗带来的污染问题日趋呈现，逐步加大制约人类社会的整体发展，近年来人类加强治理污染力度，并且对能源改质，寻求无污染的可再生清洁能源方面一直不懈持续努力着，其中定论为能够改变未来社会能源结构，实现环境零负荷的是氢能，在许多氢能制取方案中，利用植物体作为氢源，由于植物通过固定二氧化碳生长，用它制取氢气就不受二氧化碳的制约而备受期待的可再生能源生产之一。在现有的技术中采用“热化学气化法”称为生物质煤气发生炉或秸秆气化炉，由于气化源料可以是农作物的废弃物，有随手可得又无需成本的便利优势，所以开发至今数十年一直被人们采纳延用。但是在技术方面扔处于低端运行的初级阶段，虽然有过许多的改进方案，还是没有找到彻底的实现有效、高效、高端地体现制取氢能的全面理想的方法，依然存在有以下的不足：如焦油不能完全彻底地转化气化；含水蒸气不能得到有效分解转化成氢气，自热燃烧气化过程能量损失大，气化气的效率低，余热不能得到有效利用，特别是气化炉的炉体容易受到化学反应腐蚀损坏，造成材料资源的浪费和使用成本的增加。为此本发明的目的在于彻底克服现有技术中存在的这些不足，重新设计制定出新的技术方案，能够彻底实现反应分解全氢化，设备使用寿命长，简单方便低成本、高效率、零污染、全功能并且能够在生物质气化气的环境、同时增加混合水蒸气反应分解变质、改质生成的可燃气；比生物质生成的气化气，更多的水蒸气转换成氢能的技术献给人类社会。
发明内容
为了达到上述的目的，本发明的技术方案是，采用一个下部设有水源进出口、上部顶面设有蒸气排出口的全容水吸热产气的夹壁炉体，炉体的内面周身构成一个有间隔空间的栅格状排管，栅格状排管与炉体相连容水，相连容水的栅格状排管与炉体的内壁之间顺沿嵌置一层红外线辐射网，炉体肚内上部衔接炉体的上端中间设置一个夹壁的筒式蒸气离心干燥器，简式蒸气筒式蒸气离心干燥器的上部顶面设有蒸气排出口，下部设有蒸气进入口和剩水排出口，筒式蒸气离心干燥器的筒内周圆套置一层圆筒红外线辐射网，筒内下部中间设置一层红外线燃烧辐射网。筒内的中部内腔为二次气化器，筒内二次气化器的上部顶面中间设有气体排出口，炉体肚内底部设置一个中间设有凸型锥头的陶瓷相间的网眼盘，网眼盘的中间凸锥上方设置一个与炉体栅格通连容水的管护栏，管护栏的内围套置一个陶瓷相间的网体燃烧栏。这样生物质进入燃烧栏，气化剂空气向栏内下部集中注入增强挥发燃烧连同网体发红形成一团火焰兼容红外线的扩容辐射源，火炭散落在凸型锥座下脚的网眼盘圆圈燃烧与中间火团并容辐射炉体的红外线辐射网，生成的红外线再反射与燃烧栏的网体红外线对应形成火中火、光中光的纵横辐射，构成整个炉肚的保和高温猛火的强能量辐射源，如此，气化剂蒸气由炭火中央即炉肚下部中间喷射卷入热浪漩涡翻滚上升，在促成生物质成分完全气化的同时也具备水的红外线分解条件，实现蒸气混合气化气的分解变质改质反应生成以氢气为主要成分的混合可燃气体，同时，而又再一次将气体引入，筒式蒸汽筒式蒸气离心干燥器的筒内下部的红外线燃烧辐射网，燃烧接触筒内的红外线辐射网二次气化，再次增加蒸气改质分解转换能量的成分和焦油彻底气化，提高生成氢气的纯度及气化的整体效率。
上述的技术方案还可以不设炉体肚内的燃烧栏，便于应用不精制的毛料废弃物和垃圾泡质物的使用，拓宽材料资源，更好降低生产成本。同时也可以不设炉体内面的栅格状排管和红外线辐射网的装置，由单一的容水夹壁炉体包容炉内的气化系统、实现生物质气化的简便方式，用于不同场合使用的选择以便各尽所需，这样虽然减少蒸气分解转换的能量，但工业工程难度小，造价低，从而弥补缺失，提高效率，促进全面发展。
本发明与现有技术比较的特别优势是：炉体采用红外线发生源和水材料构成，由于红外线发生源的材料是干燥、高热，它不仅只能产生红外线、紫外线及光能和电磁能的能量扩充，还能起到热平衡、隔层、干燥保护炉体不受化学反应腐蚀，避免受热失衡损坏炉体，阻止热流失的多重作用，而水的介入及其容水的栅格布局，能使炉体平衡受耗延长使用寿命，尤其是把原来的单纯的气化炉，改变成既是气化炉又是蒸气热水炉的多用途设备，在工业的用热方面，可以直接使用蒸气热水，也可以直接采用火气或燃气分体供热。如果配置家庭使用，有燃气供给厨房灶台用火，有蒸气热水供给炊事和日常生活的需求，达到一供多周全的效应，使原本简单廉价方便的装备，变得加倍简单，廉价。方便服务于人类社会。
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附图是本发明的一个实施例结构示意图
本发明的一个最佳的实施方案是参见附图
具体实施方式
一个下部设有水源进出口，上部顶面设有蒸气排出口的全容水吸热产气的夹壁炉体1，炉体1的内面周身构成一个设有间隔空间的栅格状排管2，栅格状排管2与炉体1相连容水，相连容水的栅格状排管2与炉体1的内壁之间顺沿嵌置一层红外线辐射网24，炉体1的肚内上部衔接炉体1的上端中间设置一个夹壁的筒式蒸气离心干燥器3，筒式蒸气离心干燥器3的上部顶面设有蒸气排出口，下部设有蒸气进入口和剩水排出口，筒式蒸气离心干燥器3的筒内周圆套置一个圆筒红外线辐射网6，筒内的下部设置一层红外线燃烧辐射网5，筒内的中部内腔为二次气化器，筒内二次气化器的上部顶面中间设有气体排出口4，炉体1的肚内底部设置一个陶瓷相间的网眼盘17，网眼盘17的中间设有凸型锥头19，网眼盘17的中间凸锥19下方设有气化剂的引入管18，网眼盘17的中间凸锥面部设置一个引火器21，网眼盘17的中间凸锥上方设置一个与炉体1的栅格状排管2通连容水的管护栏13，管护栏13的内侧套置一个陶瓷相间的网眼燃烧栏11，炉体1的上部设有蒸气出口连接管路7进入筒式蒸气离心干燥器3的下部，蒸气在筒式蒸气离心干燥器3的加温雾化分离、有剩水下沉，由下部出口连接管路23进入炉体1的下部与炉体1内的容水并容，蒸气在筒式蒸气离心干燥器3分离、提高雾化度的蒸气，由上部出口连接管路9经过炉肚；在炉肚的下部穿过炉壁伸出炉体1的外侧连接在伸出的尾端设置一个蒸气分配器22。进入分配器22的蒸气，分别作为气化剂和直接分解气的分配；一部分由连接管路10回转进入炉肚到上部的红外线燃烧辐射网5上升至二次气化器内，一部分由连接管路14引入炉肚内的下部向上扩散肚内。炉体1的上部顶面与炉肚上部的蒸气筒式蒸气离心干燥器3的上部顶面的结合部中间，炉肚的空间上面设有连接管路27的气体排出口，气体排出口连接管路27的下端设有分离器26，分离器26的下端设有焦油和灰粉分离下泻管25，分离器26的一侧设有纯化的气体分流管8，分流管8的一端上升进入上部的红外线燃烧辐射网5的底部。红外线燃烧辐射网5的底部与炉体1的底部体外空间之间设有气化剂引入管路20，气化剂由管路20从炉体1的底部体外空间吸入，通过管路20在炉肚加热上升进入辐射网5和上部二次气化器内。炉体1的下中部炉壁一侧对着炉肚内燃烧栏11的上方设有生物质进入口12，炉体1的下部设有水源进出口15，炉体1的底部设有出灰口16。

Claims (1)

1.一种生物质蒸气分解氢气发生炉，一个下部设有水源进出口，上部顶面设有蒸气排出口的全容水吸热产气的夹壁炉体(1)，炉体(1)的内面周身构成一个设有间隔空间的栅格状排管(2)，栅格状排管(2)与炉体(1)相连容水，相连容水的栅格状排管(2)与炉体(1)的内壁之间顺沿嵌置一层红外线辐射网(24)，炉体(1)的肚内上部衔接炉体(1)的上端中间设置一个夹壁的筒式蒸气离心干燥器(3)，筒式蒸气离心干燥器(3)的上部顶面设有蒸气排出口，下部设有蒸气进入口和剩水排出口，筒式蒸气离心干燥器(3)的筒内周圆套置一个圆筒红外线辐射网(6)，筒内的下部设置一层红外线燃烧辐射网(5)，筒内的中部内腔为二次气化器，筒内二次气化器的上部顶面中间设有气体排出口(4)，炉体(1)的肚内底部设置一个陶瓷相间的网眼盘(17)，网眼盘(17)的中间设有凸型锥头(19)，网眼盘(17)的中间凸锥(19)下方设有气化剂的引入管(18)，网眼盘(17)的中间凸锥面部设置一个引火器(21)，网眼盘(17)的中间凸锥上方设置一个与炉体(1)的栅格状排管(2)通连容水的管护栏(13)，管护栏(13)的内侧套置一个陶瓷相间的网眼燃烧栏(11)，炉体(1)的上部设有蒸气出口连接管路(7)进入筒式蒸气离心干燥器(3)的下部，蒸气在筒式蒸气离心干燥器(3)的加温雾化分离、有剩水下沉，由下部出口连接管路(23)进入炉体(1)的下部与炉体(1)内的容水并容，蒸气在筒式蒸气离心干燥器(3)分离、提高雾化度的蒸气，由上部出口连接管路(9)经过炉肚；在炉肚的下部穿过炉壁伸出炉体(1)的外侧连接在伸出的尾端设置一个蒸气分配器(22)，炉体(1)的上部顶面与炉肚上部的蒸气筒式蒸气离心干燥器(3)的上部顶面的结合部中间、炉肚的空间上面设有连接管路(27)的气体排出口，气体排出口连接管路(27)的下端设有分离器(26)，分离器(26)的下端设有焦油和灰粉分离下泻管(25)，分离器(26)的一侧设有纯化的气体分流管(8)，分流管(8)的一端上升进入上部的红外线燃烧辐射网(5)的底部；
红外线燃烧辐射网(5)的底部与炉体(1)的底部体外空间之间设有气化剂引入管路(20)，气化剂由管路(20)从炉体(1)的底部体外空间吸入，通过管路(20)在炉肚加热上升进入辐射网(5)和上部二次气化器内；
炉体(1)的下中部炉壁一侧对着炉肚内燃烧栏(11)的上方设有生物质进入口(12)，炉体(1)的下部设有水源进出口(15)，炉体(1)的底部设有出灰口(16)；
蒸气分配器(22)的作用，蒸气进入分配器(22)分别作为气化剂和直接分解气的分配；一部分由连接管路(10)回转进入炉肚到上部的红外线燃烧辐射网(5)上升至二次气化器内，一部分由连接管路(14)引入炉肚内的下部向上扩散肚内。
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