CN107459811A - 抗菌聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

抗菌聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN107459811A
CN107459811A CN201610395221.2A CN201610395221A CN107459811A CN 107459811 A CN107459811 A CN 107459811A CN 201610395221 A CN201610395221 A CN 201610395221A CN 107459811 A CN107459811 A CN 107459811A
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冉文萍
张正银
苟智元
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Chengdu Borui Sanwen Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及抗菌聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法和应用，属于抗菌材料技术领域。本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种可用作放疗定位垫材料的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫。本发明抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，由以下重量份的组分，通过发泡制备而成：聚醚多元醇100～115份；硅油1.5～3份；三(二甲氨丙基)胺0.1～0.2份；催化剂1～1.5份；发泡剂25～30份；异氰酸酯125～135份；聚醚酰亚胺0.2～0.5份。本发明抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，其制备原料易得，成本低廉，制备工艺简单，制备温度为常温，且在发泡过程中无刺激性气体产生，安全环保，且具有优良的抗菌效果，可制备成放疗定位泡沫垫，固定效果好，患者使用舒适性好，且不影响射线剂量。

Description

抗菌聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及抗菌聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法和应用，属于抗菌材料技术领域。
背景技术
由于环境污染严重，人们的生活压力增大，肿瘤发病率不断上升，放射治疗是治疗肿瘤等疾病的的重要手段，放疗体位固定是放疗中的重要环节。确保从肿瘤定位到治疗计划设计、模拟、确认及治疗摆位过程中患者体位的一致性，才能保障放疗的精准度。由于患者的个体差异，在制定放疗方案后，需现场制作放疗体位固定模式。聚氨酯泡沫用于放疗体位固定具有固定完全、制作简单、结构非常牢固、成本低等优点。
但是，对于放疗患者，整个放疗资料过程中，放疗定位垫需要重复多次使用。由于聚氨酯泡沫材料本身不具备抗菌功能，定位垫在多次使用中，不易清理，容易滋生细菌，不利于患者的健康。因此，亟需一种具有抗菌功能的放疗定位垫材料。
现有的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫均是通过向塑料配方工艺中添加一种或者多种抗菌剂，从而达到抑制细菌繁殖的效果。抗菌剂的种类很多，包括无菌抗菌剂，有机抗菌剂两大类。无机抗菌剂主要利用金属的抗菌能力，其中抗菌效果较好的为银系抗菌剂，具有耐热性较高的优点，但成本高，用量相对较大，且影响射线剂量；不适用于放射治疗中。有机类抗菌剂主要为香草醛或乙基香草醛类化合物，具有速效、防菌效果优良等特点，但具有耐热性较差，药效持续时间短，在放疗中易析出，安全性低等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种可用作放疗定位垫材料的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫。
本发明抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，由以下重量份的组分，通过发泡制备而成：
其中，所述催化剂为异辛酸亚锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡。
其中，优选聚醚多元醇的羟值为400～500，更优选为430。
进一步的，催化剂优选为异辛酸亚锡。
进一步的，异氰酸酯优选为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
本发明还提供本发明抗菌聚氨酯泡沫在放射治疗体位固定中的应用。
本发明的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，可应用于放射治疗时的体位固定，具有一般聚氨酯泡沫的固定完全、制作简单、结构非常牢固、成本低等优点，还具有抗菌作用，可以重复多次使用，不易滋生细菌。
本发明还提供由本发明抗菌聚氨酯泡沫制成的放疗定位泡沫垫。
本发明所述放疗定位泡沫垫，其制备方法如下：
a、将发泡剂、聚醚酰亚胺、催化剂、三(二甲氨丙基)胺、硅油与聚醚多元醇混合，得到白料；
b、将放疗定位垫的成型袋平铺在成型模版中，将异氰酸酯与白料混均，倒入放疗定位垫的成型袋内；
c、需固定体位人员平躺于成型袋之上；
d、成型袋内的材料开始发泡，填充人体与成型模版之间的空隙，5～10分钟后固化成形，得到放疗定位泡沫垫。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1.本发明抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，其制备原料易得，成本低廉，抗菌效果好，可完全抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。
2.本发明抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，制备工艺简单，制备温度为常温，且在发泡过程中无刺激性气体产生，安全环保。
3.本发明的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，添加PEI，具有优良的抗菌效果，可制备成放疗定位泡沫垫，固定效果好，患者使用舒适性好，且不影响射线剂量。
具体实施方式
本发明抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，由以下重量份的组分，通过发泡制备而成：
其中，所述催化剂为异辛酸亚锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡。
其中，聚醚多元醇为聚氨酯发泡时的主要原料，优选聚醚多元醇的羟值为400～500，更优选为430。
硅油作为泡沫稳定剂，能够稳定泡孔结构并调节泡孔尺寸大小，改善混合料之间的互溶性，从而制备出结构均匀、性能优异的泡沫制品。如果硅油的加入量较多则会造成聚氨酯泡沫体的泡孔尺寸过大、结构不均匀，孔壁厚度降低。因此，本发明抗菌聚氨酯泡沫的含量控制在1.5～3份为宜。
三(二甲氨丙基)胺，简写PC9，为叔胺类低气味硬质催化剂，可以平衡反应且使起发反应平稳。
本发明催化剂可加速聚醚多元醇与异氰酸酯发生交联反应，优选的催化剂为异辛酸亚锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡，更优选为异辛酸亚锡。
本发明对发泡剂的种类没有特殊的要求，市面上能够购买到的聚氨酯发泡剂均适用于本发明，例如采用HCFC-14LB，HCFC-141B等型号的发泡剂均可。
异氰酸酯为与聚醚多元醇反应的主要原料，优选为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(粗MDI，又为PAPI)或者二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(纯MDI)，也可优选为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合(聚合MDI)。
本发明抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，可采用常规方法进行生产，如采用如下方法生产：将聚醚多元醇与硅油混合，搅拌均匀，得混合物A；将PC9与异辛酸亚锡以及混合物A混合均匀，得混合物B；将PEI、发泡剂加入混合物B中，得到聚氨酯白料预聚体；将聚氨酯白料预聚体与异氰酸酯混合搅拌均匀，发泡得到聚氨酯泡沫。其中，发泡温度为常温(15～25℃均可)，将白料预聚体与异氰酸酯混合发泡后，5～10分钟，泡沫即可固化，表面无粘性。
本发明的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，可应用于放射治疗时的体位固定，具有一般聚氨酯泡沫的固定完全、制作简单、结构非常牢固、成本低等优点，还具有抗菌作用，可以重复多次使用，不易滋生细菌。
本发明放疗定位泡沫垫，采用本发明所述的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫制成，其制备方法如下：
a、将发泡剂、聚醚酰亚胺、催化剂、三(二甲氨丙基)胺、硅油与聚醚多元醇混合，得到白料；
b、将放疗定位垫的成型袋平铺在成型模版中，将异氰酸酯与白料混均，倒入放疗定位垫的成型袋内；
c、需固定体位人员平躺于成型袋之上；
d、成型袋内的材料开始发泡，填充人体与成型模版之间的空隙，5～10分钟后固化成形，得到放疗定位泡沫垫。
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步的描述，并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1～4
按照如下方法生产抗菌聚氨酯材料：
a、将聚醚多元醇(羟值为430)与硅油混合，搅拌均匀，得混合物A；
b、将PC9与异辛酸亚锡以及混合物A混合均匀，得混合物B；
c、将水与聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)混合均匀后，加入混合物B，得混合物C；
d、将发泡剂加入混合物C中，得到聚氨酯白料预聚体；
e、将聚氨酯白料预聚体与多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)混合搅拌均匀，发泡得到聚氨酯泡沫；其中，各原料的用量见表1。
表1
试验例1
采用肉汤琼脂培养基进行抗金黄色葡萄球菌的试验，具体步骤如下：
1)将实施例1～4制备得到的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫、普通聚氨酯泡沫制作成20mm*20mm*5mm的方块形状。
2)将金黄色葡萄球菌，用接种环接种于肉汤琼脂培养基中，在37℃培养18小时，然后再次转种培养18小时，取出备用。
3)将抗菌聚氨酯泡沫方块、普通聚氨酯泡沫方块分别放入平碟内，再分别加入10ml已熔化的培养基，待凝固后，划线接种金黄色葡萄球菌。
4)将平碟倒置，在37℃培养20小时后，观察金黄色葡萄球菌生长情况，发现抗菌聚氨酯泡沫方块中无金黄色葡萄球菌生长，而普通聚氨酯泡沫方块中有金黄色葡萄球菌生长。
试验结果表明，实施例1～4制备的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长，具有抗菌效果。
试验例2放疗定位垫的制备
采用如下方法制备得到放疗定位泡沫垫：
1.聚醚多元醇与PAPI的比例为1:1.2。
2.将发泡剂、PEI、异辛酸亚锡、PC9、硅油加入聚醚多元醇中，发泡剂H141B 58ml，硅油3.42ml、PC9 0.3ml、异辛酸亚锡2.3ml、PEI 0.8ml，加入228ml的聚醚多元醇中混合均匀。
3.称取272ml多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯。
4.将放疗定位垫的成型袋平铺在成型模版中。
5.将272ml的多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯，与步骤2的白料混合均匀，均匀倒入放疗定位垫的成型袋内。
6.需固定体位人员平躺于成型袋之上。
7.材料开始发泡，填充人体与模版之间的空隙，5-10分钟后固化成形，得到放疗定位泡沫垫。
该放疗定位泡沫垫的密度为37kg/m3、压缩强度75kpa，可反复多次使用，使用舒适性好，固定效果好，且不影响射线剂量。

Claims (7)

1.抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，其特征在于：由以下重量份的组分，通过发泡制备而成：
其中，所述催化剂为异辛酸亚锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，其特征在于：所述聚醚多元醇的羟值为400～500，优选所述聚醚多元醇的羟值为430。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，其特征在于：所述异氰酸酯为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫，其特征在于：所述催化剂为异辛酸亚锡。
5.权利要求1～4任一项所述的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫在放射治疗体位固定中的应用。
6.一种放疗定位泡沫垫，其特征在于：采用权利要求1～4任一项所述的抗菌聚氨酯泡沫制成。
7.权利要求6所述的放疗定位泡沫垫的制备方法，其特征在于，其步骤如下：
a、将发泡剂、聚醚酰亚胺、催化剂、三(二甲氨丙基)胺、硅油与聚醚多元醇混合，得到白料；
b、将放疗定位垫的成型袋平铺在成型模版中，将异氰酸酯与白料混均，倒入放疗定位垫的成型袋内；
c、需固定体位人员平躺于成型袋之上；
d、成型袋内的材料开始发泡，填充人体与成型模版之间的空隙，5～10分钟后固化成形，得到放疗定位泡沫垫。
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