CN107459068A - 一种均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910005949 NiCo2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910003266 NiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical group [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 235000019263 trisodium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910020647 Co-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- AIYYMMQIMJOTBM-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) acetate Chemical class [Ni+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O AIYYMMQIMJOTBM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000005408 paramagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000015 thermotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法,包括如下步骤:按比例分别称取钴盐和镍盐,加水配制成溶液;向溶液中加入尿素和柠檬酸三钠,将反应液置于恒温加热反应装置中,进行均相沉淀反应,温度控制在95~98℃之间,边加热边搅拌,反应6~12h,反应结束后,继续陈化静置8~24h;反应后分离得到的沉淀为NiCo2O4前驱体;将其在60~100℃下烘干8~24h,得到前驱体粉体,对前驱体粉体进行烧结,烧结温度为300~350℃,时间为2~4h,得到NiCo2O4粉体。本发明提供的方法能够显著改善NiCo2O4微纳米粉体的硬团聚现象,改善粉体形貌、磁性能和电性能,作为电极材料应用于超级电容器中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于钴酸镍粉体制备技术领域,特别是涉及一种均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法及应用。
背景技术
超级电容器作为一种新型电化学储能元件,循环使用寿命长、工作温度范围宽和循环稳定性能优异,其所用电极材料的研究也备受研究人员青睐。NiCo2O4属于典型的尖晶石型复合金属氧化物,由于其较好的导电性和电化学活性,作为电极材料和磁性材料在电化学、电催化、磁热疗等方面被广泛应用。
传统合成方法制备NiCo2O4微纳米粉体容易发生硬团聚,导致粉体比表面积和电极材料利用率都不高。为提高NiCo2O4材料的磁性能和电性能,研究者们采用不同的合成方法,如水热法、沉淀法、静电纺丝法等获得了片状、球状和纤维状的NiCo2O4微纳米粉体。采用湿化学法添加表面活性剂或稳定剂合成微纳米粉体是一种减少团聚、改善粉体形貌和性能的有效方法,但关于合成NiCo2O4粉体这方面的报道较少。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法,能够显著改善NiCo2O4微纳米粉体的硬团聚现象,改善粉体形貌、磁性能和电性能。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:按照摩尔比2:1的比例分别称取钴盐和镍盐,加少量的去离子水进行充分溶解,配制成混合溶液;
S2:向所述混合溶液中加入尿素和柠檬酸三钠,继续加去离子水,得到反应液,反应液中钴盐浓度为0.08~0.10mol/L,尿素浓度为15~30g/L,柠檬酸三钠浓度为5~20g/L;
S3:将反应液置于恒温加热反应装置中,进行均相沉淀反应,温度控制在95~98℃之间,边加热边搅拌,反应6~12h,反应结束后,继续陈化静置8~24h;
S4:将反应后的上清液到掉,将沉淀取出用低速离心机进行离心,用去离子水洗涤,重复进行三次,再用无水乙醇离心洗涤三次,得到沉淀,为NiCo2O4前驱体;
S5:将所得沉淀放入蒸发皿中,在电热鼓风干燥箱中烘干,烘干温度为60~100℃,烘干8~24h,得到前驱体粉体;
S6:将干燥后的前驱体粉体进行烧结,烧结温度为300~350℃,时间为2~4h,得到所述NiCo2O4粉体。
优选地,所述钴盐为醋酸钴,所述镍盐为醋酸镍。
更优选地,S3中,反应液的均相沉淀反应温度控制在95℃,反应时间为10h,反应结束后,继续陈化静置12h。
更优选地,S5中,烘干温度为90℃,烘干时间12h。
更优选地,S6中,烧结温度为350℃,烧结时间为3h。
本发明的第二个目的是提供该方法制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体在超级电容器中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明采用醋酸镍、醋酸钴为原料,柠檬酸三钠为稳定剂,尿素均相沉淀法合成了纯尖晶石相NiCo2O4微纳米粉体,能够显著减少团聚、改善粉体形貌、磁性能和电性能。XRD及FT-IR结果表明均相沉淀法制备的前驱体沉淀物为镍和钴的碱式碳酸盐,350℃煅烧产物为单一的尖晶石结构NiCo2O4晶相,添加柠檬酸三钠并未改变NiCo2O4的晶型;SEM照片分析可知经本发明提供方法制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体形貌得到改善,颗粒粒径明显减小且分散性能较好。VSM结果显示NiCo2O4粉体剩磁和矫顽力几乎为零,为超顺磁性,可见柠檬酸三钠加入可明显提高其饱和磁化强度。此外,添加柠檬酸三钠还大大提高了NiCo2O4微纳米粉体的比电容量,当电流密度为1A/g时,比容量值达到了比较高的值2250-2510F/g,电流密度为2A/g时,比容量值为1800-2050F/g;经过4000次充放电测试之后,比容量仍保持在92%以上,可作为电极材料应用于超级电容器中。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为对比例中制备的前驱体粉体的XRD谱图;
图2为实施例制备的NiCo2O4粉体的XRD谱图;
图3为对比例制备的NiCo2O4粉体的SEM谱图;
图4为实施例制备的NiCo2O4粉体的SEM谱图;
图5为对比例以及实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体的红外光谱图;
图6为对比例以及实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体的室温磁滞回线图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案能予以实施,下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
除非另有定义,下文中所用是的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。除非另有特别说明,本发明以下各实施例中用到的各种原料、试剂、仪器和设备均可通过市场购买得到或者通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例
本实施例一种均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法,具体过程为,用分析天平称量4.0g醋酸钴,和2.0g醋酸镍,用去离子水溶解配制成160ml溶液,用玻璃棒搅拌至完全溶解;再称取4.80g尿素作为沉淀剂,3g柠檬酸三钠作为稳定剂,加入到上述溶液中,再加去离子水配制成200ml溶液,充分搅拌溶解,得到反应液;将反应液倒入三颈烧瓶中,安装恒温加热反应装置,开始均相沉淀反应,温度控制在95℃,边加热边搅拌,反应10h,反应结束后,继续陈化静置12h;将反应后的上清液到掉,将沉淀取出用低速离心机进行离心,用去离子水洗涤,重复进行三次,再用无水乙醇离心洗涤三次,得到沉淀,为NiCo2O4前驱体;将所得沉淀放入蒸发皿中,在电热鼓风干燥箱中烘干,烘干温度为90℃,烘干12h,得到前驱体粉体;将干燥后的前驱体粉体放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为350℃,时间为3h,即得目标产物NiCo2O4粉体。
对比例
本对比例一种均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法,具体过程和实施例1相同,不同之处仅在于,制备过程中未添加檬酸三钠。
对于上述实施例和对比例制备过程中的前驱体以及粉体,我们用X射线衍射仪(XRD,BRUKE D8,Germany)制备的样品的物相组成;用扫描电镜(SEM,JSM-6010PLUS/LV,Japan)观测样品的形貌和颗粒大小;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR,BRUKE,Germany)定性分析样品的组成;用振动样品磁强计(VSM,Lakeshore 7410)测量NiCo2O4粉末的磁性能,具体结果如下:
我们对对比例中制备的前驱体粉体进行XRD表征,其XRD谱图如图1所示,从图1可以看出,前驱体粉体在12,24,33,59附近出现明显的特征峰,对比标准卡片(29-0868)和(48-0083),其中12,59附近的衍射峰对应于Ni2CO3(OH)2·H2O的特征衍射峰,24,33附近的衍射峰均对应于Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O的特征衍射峰,结合均相沉淀过程中pH值变化分析,由此可确定前驱体为镍和钴的碱式碳酸盐。
我们对对比例以及实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体进行XRD表征,其XRD谱图如图2,对比JCPDS卡片(No.20-0781),对比例制备NiCo2O4粉体(记为a,以下附图中意义相同)的XRD谱图中,所有衍射峰均对应于尖晶石结构的NiCo2O4晶相。实施例制备NiCo2O4粉体(记为b,以下附图中意义相同)的XRD谱图中未出现其他杂峰,说明添加柠檬酸三钠并没有改变NiCo2O4尖晶石型结构但逐渐增加柠檬酸三钠的用量,衍射峰强度相对增大,说明NiCo2O4晶粒长大,且结晶度最好。
进一步的,我们对对比例以及实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体进行SEM表征,对比例制备的NiCo2O4粉体的SEM谱图如图3所示,实施例制备的NiCo2O4粉体的SEM谱图如图4所示,由图3可以看出,未添加柠檬酸三钠获得的NiCo2O4粉体发生较严重的团聚,由图4可以看出,NiCo2O4粉体形貌大为改观,颗粒粒径明显减小且分散性能较好,可见柠檬酸三钠作为稳定剂起到了改善NiCo2O4粉体形貌的作用。
进一步的,我们对对比例以及实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体进行红外表征,其红外光谱图如图5所示,对比例以及实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体的红外光谱吸收峰均在575.1cm-1左右和660.1cm-1左右出现较强的吸收峰,说明柠檬酸三钠的加入并没有改变粉体的组分。两个强吸收峰分别对应于尖晶石八面体Ni-O键的伸缩振动峰和四面体间隙Co-O键的振动频率,进一步说明了NiCo2O4属于尖晶石型结构,其结果与XRD分析一致。
NiCo2O4属于亚铁磁体类型,当颗粒尺寸小于临界尺寸50nm,由外加磁场产生的磁取向不足以抵抗热振动的干扰,使得NiCo2O4纳米粉体呈现超顺磁性行为,进一步的,我们对对比例以及实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体进行磁性能分析,对比例和实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体的室温磁滞回线图如图6所示,当磁场强度达到20kOe时,对比例和实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体均没有磁饱和,两者的矫顽力和剩磁为零,说明NiCo2O4微纳米粉体为超顺磁性。外推法可知,实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体的饱和磁化强度明显高于对比例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体。造成两者的这种差别是形貌不同,粒径大小不一,使得两者磁各向异性也不同,从而在同样的外加磁场强度作用下,实现磁矩取向时,达到饱和所需的外加磁场强度不一样,可见柠檬酸三钠加入可明显提高其饱和磁化强度。
此外,我们对实施例制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体的比电容进行了测定,当电流密度为1A/g时,比容量值达到了比较高的值2250-2510F/g,电流密度为2A/g时,比容量值为1800-2050F/g;经过4000次充放电测试之后,比容量仍保持在92%以上。可见添加柠檬酸三钠大大提高了NiCo2O4微纳米粉体的比电容量,作为电极材料应用于超级电容器中。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例,其保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换,均在本发明的保护范围之内,本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (6)
1.一种均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:按照摩尔比2:1的比例分别称取钴盐和镍盐,加少量的去离子水进行充分溶解,配制成混合溶液;
S2:向所述混合溶液中加入尿素和柠檬酸三钠,继续加去离子水,得到反应液,反应液中钴盐浓度为0.08~0.10mol/L,尿素浓度为15~30g/L,柠檬酸三钠浓度为5~20g/L;
S3:将反应液置于恒温加热反应装置中,进行均相沉淀反应,温度控制在95~98℃之间,边加热边搅拌,反应6~12h,反应结束后,继续陈化静置8~24h;
S4:将反应后的上清液到掉,将沉淀取出用低速离心机进行离心,用去离子水洗涤,重复进行三次,再用无水乙醇离心洗涤三次,得到沉淀,为NiCo2O4前驱体;
S5:将所得沉淀放入蒸发皿中,在电热鼓风干燥箱中烘干,烘干温度为60~100℃,烘干8~24h,得到前驱体粉体;
S6:将干燥后的前驱体粉体进行烧结,烧结温度为300~350℃,时间为2~4h,得到所述NiCo2O4粉体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法,其特征在于,所述钴盐为醋酸钴,所述镍盐为醋酸镍。
3.根据权利要求2所述的均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法,其特征在于,S3中,反应液的均相沉淀反应温度控制在95℃,反应时间为10h,反应结束后,继续陈化静置12h。
4.根据权利要求3所述的均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法,其特征在于,S5中,烘干温度为90℃,烘干时间12h。
5.根据权利要求4所述的均相沉淀法制备NiCo2O4粉体的方法,其特征在于,S6中,烧结温度为350℃,烧结时间为3h。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述方法制备得到的NiCo2O4粉体在超级电容器中的应用。
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