CN107446857A - 一种枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉的制备方法,依次包括以下步骤:(1)枯草芽孢杆菌菌悬液均匀分散于冻干保护剂溶液中形成枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液,分装于西林瓶中,冰水浴中预冷,再投入液氮预冻;(2)将上述预冻的枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液转移至冻干机中,真空冷冻干燥,得枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉。本发明采用先预冷后投入液氮的方式对枯草芽孢杆菌进行适应性快速玻璃化预冻,使预冻过程中菌体损失降低,优化真空干燥参数,能有效减轻冷冻损伤和干燥应力损伤,大大提高枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉的复壮存活率,得到的枯草芽孢菌冻干粉性质稳定、便于室温下长期储存和远距离运输,适用于科研或作为生物农药。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉的制备方法,适用于所有枯草芽孢杆菌,属于生物工程领域。
背景技术
我国是农业大国,植物病虫害种类多,危害大,化学农药过度使用。资源保护生态修复促进绿色农业发展是人们关注的民生问题。绿色农用生物制品是采用精细生物化工技术制备的对环境友好的生物农药、肥料、饲料等。
目前,全球生物来源的绿色农用制品有3 000多种,而我国仅400余种。主要涉及以芽孢杆菌为主的微生态制剂,以霉菌次生代谢产物赤霉酸为代表的生长调节剂,多抗菌素为代表的农用抗生素。与化学农药相比,具有安全有效、靶向精准、易降解等特点。枯草芽孢杆菌,是芽孢杆菌属的一种。单个细胞0.7~0.8×2~3微米,着色均匀。无荚膜,周生鞭毛,能运动。枯草芽孢杆菌活菌生长代谢过程中产生的枯草菌素、多粘菌素、制霉菌素、短杆菌肽等活性物质,这些活性物质对致病菌或内源性感染的条件致病菌有明显的抑制作用,具体如下:(1)枯草芽孢杆菌迅速消耗肠道中的游离氧,造成肠道低氧,促进有益厌氧菌生长,并产生乳酸等有机酸类,降低肠道PH值,间接抑制其它致病菌生长;(2)能刺激动物免疫器官的生长发育,激活T、B淋巴细胞,提高免疫球蛋白和抗体水平,增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,提高群体免疫力;(3)枯草芽孢杆菌菌体自身合成α~淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶等酶类,在消化道中与动物体内的消化酶类一同发挥作用;(4)能合成维生素B1、B2、B6、烟酸等多种B族维生素,提高动物体内干扰素和巨噬细胞的活性。因此,枯草芽孢杆菌在畜牧、家禽、水产养殖、农业生产中有重要应用,但活体枯草芽孢杆菌才能起到作用,为保障菌体存活率,常对其进行冷冻干燥。
目前,冷冻干燥用于生物制品的长期保存方面的技术还不成熟,仍存在诸多难题。比如冷冻干燥过程因剧烈的环境变化而产生的冻结和干燥应力,会对细胞造成不同程度的损伤导致其死亡或失去活性。冷冻损伤主要是由冰晶形成所导致的,冷冻速率过快会导致机械损伤,过慢会导致溶质损伤。升华干燥也会引起细胞的损伤,过分干燥会导致细胞因脱水而死亡,提前结束干燥又会导致过多的水分作为增塑剂,使冻干产品的玻璃化温度低于保存温度,从而加速细胞代谢,使细胞活性下降。本发明在真空干燥前预冷使活菌进入休眠状态,使预冻过程中菌体损失降低,能有效减轻冷冻损伤和干燥应力损伤,大大提高枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉的复壮存活率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的缺点和不足,而提供一种枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案为:一种枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉制备方法,其具体步骤如下:(1)将的枯草芽孢杆菌菌悬液均匀分散于冻干保护剂溶液中形成枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液,分装于西林瓶中,冰水浴中预冷,投入液氮中预冻;
(2)将步骤(1)中预冷、预冻的枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液转移至冷冻干燥机中,进行真空干燥,得到枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉。
上述的枯草芽孢杆菌可直接市售得到,适用所有的枯草芽孢杆菌。
优选步骤(1)所述的枯草芽孢杆菌菌悬液的浓度为4-8×108cfu/mL;所述的冻干保护剂溶液中冻干保护剂为海藻糖、甘露醇和硫代硫酸钠,其中海藻糖的浓度为0.15~0.5mol/L,甘露醇的浓度为0.05~0.4mol/L,硫代硫酸钠的浓度为0.05~0.5mol/L;溶剂为磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS缓冲液),pH为7.2-7.4。
优选步骤(1)中枯草芽孢杆菌与冻干保护剂溶液体积比为1~4:1。
优选冰水浴中预冷的温度为0℃~4℃,冰水浴的预冷时间为5~30min;液氮中预冻的时间为10~16h。
优选步骤(2)所述的真空干燥条件为:干燥压力10~45Pa,隔板温度-40~-10℃,冷阱温度-212~-76℃,干燥时间45~120min。
有益效果:
(1)真空干燥前预冷使活菌进入休眠状态,使预冻过程中菌体损失降低,预冷后投入液氮的方式对枯草芽孢杆菌进行适应性快速玻璃化预冻,能有效减轻冷冻损伤和干燥应力损伤,大大提高枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉的复壮存活率;(2)采用系列优化参数真空干燥,干燥时间短,操作简单;枯草芽孢菌冻干粉性质稳定、便于室温下长期储存和远距离运输;
(3)所得枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉能应用于科研或生物农药的研制。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例来进一步解释本发明,但实施案例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。
实施例1
称取海藻糖、甘露醇和硫代硫酸钠,溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS缓冲液,pH=7.2)中,配制成冻干保护剂溶液,海藻糖浓度为0.15mol/L,甘露醇浓度为0.05mol/L,硫代硫酸钠0.05mol/L,于4℃冰箱保存备用。将发酵的4×108cfu/mL枯草芽孢杆菌(菌种购置于广东环凯微生物科技有限公司)发酵液与冻干保护剂溶液按体积比1:1充分混匀制成枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液,分装于容积为10ml西林瓶中,在0℃冰水浴中预冷5min后,投入液氮中预冻。10h后,将预冻好的枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液连同西林瓶一起转移至冻干机中,进行冷冻真空干燥,最后得到枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉。干燥条件为:干燥压力10Pa,隔板温度-10℃,冷阱温度-76℃,干燥时间60min。干燥前后利用光学显微镜检测菌体的存活率,存活率71%,冻干粉复壮后芽孢出芽率61%。45±2℃条件下热储实验14d后,存活率64%,冻干粉复壮后芽孢出芽率达53%。因此枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉可直接将西林瓶压盖密封后于室温下长期保存。
实施案例2
称取海藻糖、甘露醇和硫代硫酸钠,溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS缓冲液pH=7.2)中,配制成冻干保护剂溶液,海藻糖浓度为0.5mol/L,甘露醇浓度为0.4mol/L,硫代硫酸钠0.5mol/L,于4℃冰箱保存备用。将发酵的6×108cfu/mL枯草芽孢杆菌(菌种购置于上海柯雷生物科技有限公司)发酵液与冻干保护剂溶液按体积比2:1充分混匀制成枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液,分装于容积为12ml西林瓶中,在0℃冰水浴中预冷30min后,投入液氮中预冻。13h后,将预冻好的枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液连同西林瓶一起转移至冻干机中,进行冷冻真空干燥,最后得到枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉。干燥条件为:干燥压力45Pa,隔板温度-40℃,冷阱温度-212℃,干燥时间120min。干燥前后利用光学显微镜检测菌体的存活率,存活率79%,冻干粉复壮后芽孢出芽率68%。45±2℃条件下热储实验14d后,存活率68%,冻干粉复壮后芽孢出芽率达59%。因此枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉可直接将西林瓶压盖密封后于室温下长期保存。
实施案例3
称取海藻糖、甘露醇和硫代硫酸钠,溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS缓冲液pH=7.4)中,配制成冻干保护剂溶液,海藻糖浓度为0.25mol/L,甘露醇浓度为0.2mol/L,硫代硫酸钠0.26mol/L,于4℃冰箱保存备用。将发酵的8×108cfu/mL枯草芽孢杆菌(菌种购置于北海群林生物工程有限公司)发酵液与冻干保护剂溶液按体积比4:1充分混匀制成枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液,分装于容积为10ml西林瓶中,在4℃冰水浴中预冷20min后,直接投入液氮中预冻。16h后,将预冻好的枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液连同西林瓶一起转移至冻干机中,进行真空干燥,最后得到枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉。真空干燥条件为:干燥压力30Pa,隔板温度-30℃,冷阱温度-156℃,干燥时间95min。干燥前后利用光学显微镜检测菌体的存活率,存活率68%,冻干粉复壮后芽孢出芽率64%。45±2℃条件下热储实验14d后,存活率67%,冻干粉复壮后芽孢出芽率达56%。枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉可直接将西林瓶压盖密封后于室温下长期保存。
Claims (5)
1.一种枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉的制备方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)将的枯草芽孢杆菌菌悬液均匀分散于冻干保护剂溶液中形成枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液,分装于西林瓶中,冰水浴中预冷,投入液氮中预冻;
(2)将步骤(1)中预冷、预冻的枯草芽孢杆菌悬浮液转移至冷冻干燥机中,进行真空干燥,得到枯草芽孢杆菌冻干粉。
2.按照权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的枯草芽孢杆菌菌悬液的浓度为4-8×108cfu/mL;所述的冻干保护剂溶液中冻干保护剂为海藻糖、甘露醇和硫代硫酸钠,其中海藻糖的浓度为0.15~0.5mol/L,甘露醇的浓度为0.05~0.4mol/L,硫代硫酸钠的浓度为0.05~0.5mol/L;溶剂为磷酸缓冲盐溶液,pH为7.2-7.4。
3.按照权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中枯草芽孢杆菌与冻干保护剂溶液体积比为1~4:1。
4.按照权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于冰水浴中预冷的温度为0℃~4℃,冰水浴的预冷时间为5~30min;液氮中预冻的时间为10~16h。
5.按照权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的真空干燥条件为:干燥压力10~45Pa,隔板温度-40~-10℃,冷阱温度-212~-76℃,干燥时间45~120min。
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