CN107439225B - Method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using bamboo fungi - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using bamboo fungi Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by using dictyophora phalloidea; the method comprises the following steps: (1) culture material disinfection (2), seeding treatment (3) spraying liquid medicine; the method for preventing and treating the diseases and insect pests of the bamboo fungus has lower morbidity of the diseases and insect pests of the bamboo fungus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using dictyophora.
Background
The bamboo fungus is a cryptophyceae parasitic on the root of dried bamboo, is in a shape similar to a reticular dry white snake skin, is provided with a dark green pileus, a snow white cylindrical stipe and a pink egg-shaped bacteroid, a fine and white reticular skirt is arranged at the top end of the stipe and is spread downwards from a pileus, the young bamboo fungus basidiomycetes buds are in a spherical shape and are coated by three layers, and the outer coating is thin, smooth, grey-white or light brown red; glue is applied to the middle layer; the inner envelope is tough and fleshy. The coating is cracked when the mushroom is mature, the pileus is ejected out by the stipe, the stipe is hollow, the height is 15-20cm, the mushroom is white, and the appearance of the mushroom is formed by spongy small holes; the coating is sent to the lower part of the stalk to form a bacterium tray; the pileus grows on the top end of the handle and is in a bell shape, the surface of the pileus is uneven and is in a grid shape, and basidiospores are densely distributed in the concave part; a white netted bacterium curtain is covered under the cover, and the length of the white netted bacterium curtain is more than 8 centimeters; the spore is smooth, transparent and oval, 3-3.5 is multiplied by 1.5-2 microns, the dictyophora phalloidea grows in damp bamboo forest land in autumn, the color is bright, and the dictyophora phalloidea has a mushroom skirt. The bamboo fungus is mainly distributed in Fujian, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Hainan and the like in China, wherein the Fujian Sanming, Nanping, Yunnan Zhaotong, Guizhou Jinjin and Sichuan Changning counties are the best known, the bamboo fungus is unique in form, and the color, the fragrance and the taste are also called as one in cooking. The product is white in color, delicious in taste, fragrant and attractive, soft and crisp in mouthfeel, and is one of precious cooking raw materials. And the dictyophora phalloidea also has the special function of antisepsis in cooking, and the dictyophora phalloidea can be placed in the dish made by the dictyophora phalloidea or the residual dish for two to three days without deterioration. Therefore, the bamboo fungus is known as "treasure in fungus", "king of mountain delicacies" and "king of vegetable dish", and it enters the food, and it is recorded in the Tang generation section of unitary ancient sacrificial utensil, Nansong Chen ren Yu Yi Men, Ming Dynasty Pan Heng Guang Yan Men. The record of the bamboo pine strip in Qing Dynasty 'vegetarian food introduction' is more detailed: or as Dictyophora Indusiata (Vent. Ex pers) Fisch. After being quenched with water, salt and cooking wine are added and the mixture is roasted with soup stock. The crisp food is delicious and unprecedented. Or the mixture is roasted with tender bean curd and white yulan magnolia slices, so that other materials are not mixed and fed together.
Therefore, the dictyophora rubrovolvata contains rich nutrition, has high medicinal value and economic value and high market demand and plantability, but the growth of dictyophora rubrovolvata is the growth of hyphae, and is very easy to be damaged by diseases and insect pests, mainly bacterial diseases, fungal diseases, nematode diseases and insect diseases, and other small animals such as mice and the like can cause harm when being eaten by the mice and the like, so that the growth and the yield of the dictyophora rubrovolvata are seriously influenced, and the huge market demand is difficult to meet, so that the effective disease and insect pest control has important practical significance in the planting process of the dictyophora rubrovolvata.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using bamboo fungi to solve the technical problems.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for controlling plant diseases and insect pests by using dictyophora indusiata comprises the following steps:
(1) culture material disinfection: preparing a culture material for cultivating the bamboo fungus into a fungus bed, and spraying a disinfectant on the fungus bed;
(2) sowing treatment: hole sowing is adopted, the strain and the control agent are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1-0.2, the mixture is placed in a planting hole, and soil is backfilled;
(3) spraying liquid medicine: sowing Dictyophora Indusiata strain in the fungus bed, spraying liquid medicine a to the fungus bed one week later, and spraying liquid medicine b to Dictyophora Indusiata every 20 days after the hypha breaks the ground.
The disinfectant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 of omphalia, 12-18 of betel nut, 10-20 of sour pulp, 8-12 of saline water with the concentration of 0.3-0.5%, 6-9 of lime water solution with the content of 10-20%, 8-12 of garlic, 6-9 of onion and 3-8 of lemon.
The disinfectant is prepared by mixing omphalia, areca and sour pulp, adding water, decocting for 40-50 min to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine liquid, squeezing garlic, onion and lemon into juice, heating to 100 ℃, decocting for 5-8 min, mixing with the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, saline water and lime water solution, and stirring uniformly.
The control agent is prepared by mixing plant ash and cold water flower according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.4-0.8.
The liquid medicine a is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of radix stemonae, 12-18 parts of blumea balsamifera, 8-12 parts of nitraria leaves, 6-9 parts of caulis spatholobi, 12-18 parts of carpesium arvense, 8-12 parts of potassium permanganate with the concentration of 1.5-2%, 3-5 parts of glycine, 1-2 parts of methionine, 2-4 parts of threonine and 8-12 parts of urea.
The liquid medicine a is prepared by mixing radix stemonae, blumea balsamifera, white thorn leaves, white vines and carpesium abrotanoides, adding water, decocting for 80-100 min, filtering to obtain filtrate, mixing with potassium permanganate, glycine, methionine, threonine and urea, and stirring uniformly.
The liquid medicine b is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of perfoliate knotweed herb, 15-25 parts of Ajuga chinensis, 10-20 parts of elsholtzia, 12-18 parts of seaweed, 6-9 parts of lysimachia christinae hance, 3-8 parts of Japanese thistle herb, 8-12 parts of tribulus terrestris, 10-20 parts of lemon, 6-9 parts of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 12-18 parts of perilla leaf, 12-18 parts of gelsemium elegans and 3-5 parts of corydalis ochracea.
The preparation method of the liquid medicine b comprises the steps of mixing perfoliate knotweed herb, selfheal, elsholtzia, seaweed, lysimachia sikokiana herb, Japanese thistle herb, tribulus terrestris, lemon, rhizoma anemarrhenae, perilla leaf, gelsemium elegans and viola odorata, drying, crushing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, heating, decocting for 50-60 min, filtering, mixing the filtrate with ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1:5, heating to 45-55 ℃, refluxing for 1-2 h, recovering the ethanol, heating the residual liquid to 100 ℃, irradiating for 8-12 min by ultraviolet rays, diluting and filling into a spray can.
And (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 35-45 KHz, and the ultrasonic time is 8-12 min.
The wavelength range of the ultraviolet rays is 182-192 nm.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the method for preventing and treating the diseases and insect pests of the dictyophora phalloidea, the morbidity of the diseases and insect pests of the dictyophora phalloidea is low, the prepared fungus bed is disinfected and sterilized firstly, the safety of the dictyophora phalloidea strain is effectively guaranteed, the later-stage growth of the dictyophora phalloidea without the diseases and insect pests is guaranteed, meanwhile, the disinfectant is prepared from traditional Chinese medicines, the formula is reasonably optimized, and the damage to the dictyophora phalloidea strain is reduced to the minimum while the disinfection and sterilization are guaranteed; the bamboo fungus is sprayed with the medicament, so that the healthy and safe growth of the bamboo fungus is effectively guaranteed, the medicament prepared by compounding the traditional Chinese medicines is used, the sterilization and disinfection characteristics of the traditional Chinese medicines are utilized as much as possible, the control effect is guaranteed, meanwhile, the load of the bamboo fungus is reduced, the morbidity is reduced, and the bamboo fungus has better growth vigor.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A method for controlling plant diseases and insect pests by using dictyophora indusiata comprises the following steps:
(1) culture material disinfection: preparing a culture material for cultivating the bamboo fungus into a fungus bed, and spraying a disinfectant on the fungus bed; the disinfectant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of omphalia, 12kg of betel nut, 10kg of sour pulp, 8kg of 0.3% saline water, 6kg of 10% lime water solution, 8kg of garlic, 6kg of onion and 3kg of lemon; mixing omphalia, Arecae semen and fructus crataegi, decocting in water for 40min to obtain Chinese medicinal liquid, squeezing Bulbus Allii, Bulbus Allii Cepae and fructus Citri Limoniae to obtain juice, heating to 100 deg.C, decocting for 5min, mixing with Chinese medicinal liquid, saline water and calx water solution, and stirring.
(2) Sowing treatment: adopting hole sowing, mixing the strain and the control agent according to the mass ratio of 1:0.1, placing the mixture in a planting hole, and backfilling; the control agent is prepared by mixing plant ash and cold water flower according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.4;
(3) spraying liquid medicine: sowing Dictyophora Indusiata strain in the fungus bed, spraying liquid medicine a to the fungus bed one week later, and spraying liquid medicine b to Dictyophora Indusiata every 20 days after the hypha breaks the ground.
The liquid medicine a is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of radix stemonae, 12kg of blumea balsamifera, 8kg of nitraria leaves, 6kg of caulis spatholobi, 12kg of carpesium cuspidatum, 8kg of potassium permanganate with the concentration of 1.5%, 3kg of glycine, 1kg of methionine, 2kg of threonine and 8kg of urea; mixing radix Stemonae, herba Blumeae Balsamiferae, folium Nitri, caulis et folium Ampelopsis Grossdentata and herba Carpesii Divaricati, decocting in water for 80min, filtering to obtain filtrate, mixing with potassium permanganate, glycine, methionine, threonine and urea, and stirring.
The liquid medicine b is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of perfoliate knotweed herb, 15kg of common selfheal fruit-spike, 10kg of Chinese mosla herb, 12kg of seaweed, 6kg of lysimachia sikokiana herb, 3kg of Japanese thistle herb, 8kg of tribulus terrestris, 10kg of lemon, 6kg of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 12kg of perilla leaf, 12kg of gelsemium elegans and 3kg of corydalis ochroleracea; mixing perfoliate knotweed, common selfheal fruit-spike, Chinese mosla herb, seaweed, lysimachia sikokiana, Japanese thistle herb, tribulus terrestris, lemon, rhizoma anemarrhenae, perilla leaf, gelsemium elegans and corydalis ochracea, drying and crushing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 8min at the frequency of 35KHz, heating and decocting for 50min, filtering, mixing the filtrate with ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1:5, heating to 45 ℃, refluxing for 1-2 h, recovering the ethanol, heating the residual liquid to 100 ℃, irradiating for 8min by using ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 182nm, diluting and filling into a spray can.
Example 2
A method for controlling plant diseases and insect pests by using dictyophora indusiata comprises the following steps:
(1) culture material disinfection: preparing a culture material for cultivating the bamboo fungus into a fungus bed, and spraying a disinfectant on the fungus bed; the disinfectant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30kg of omphalia, 18kg of betel nut, 20kg of sour pulp, 12kg of 0.5% saline water, 9kg of 20% lime water solution, 12kg of garlic, 9kg of onion and 8kg of lemon; mixing omphalia, Arecae semen and fructus crataegi, decocting in water for 50min to obtain Chinese medicinal liquid, squeezing Bulbus Allii, Bulbus Allii Cepae and fructus Citri Limoniae to obtain juice, heating to 100 deg.C, decocting for 8min, mixing with Chinese medicinal liquid, saline water and calx water solution, and stirring.
(2) Sowing treatment: hole sowing is adopted, the strain and the control agent are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2, the mixture is placed in a planting hole, and soil is backfilled; the control agent is prepared by mixing plant ash and cold water flower according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.8;
(3) spraying liquid medicine: sowing Dictyophora Indusiata strain in the fungus bed, spraying liquid medicine a to the fungus bed one week later, and spraying liquid medicine b to Dictyophora Indusiata every 20 days after the hypha breaks the ground.
The liquid medicine a is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25kg of radix stemonae, 18kg of blumea balsamifera, 12kg of white thorn leaves, 9kg of white vines, 18kg of carpesium, 12kg of potassium permanganate with the concentration of 2%, 5kg of glycine, 2kg of methionine, 4kg of threonine and 12kg of urea; mixing radix stemonae, blumea balsamifera, Chinese prickly ash leaves, white rattan and carpesium abrotanoides, adding water, decocting for 80-100 min, filtering to obtain filtrate, mixing with potassium permanganate, glycine, methionine, threonine and urea, and stirring.
The liquid medicine b is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30kg of perfoliate knotweed herb, 25kg of common selfheal fruit-spike, 20kg of Chinese mosla herb, 18kg of seaweed, 9kg of lysimachia sikokiana herb, 8kg of Japanese thistle herb, 12kg of tribulus terrestris, 20kg of lemon, 9kg of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 18kg of perilla leaf, 18kg of gelsemium elegans and 5kg of corydalis ochroleracea; mixing perfoliate knotweed, common selfheal fruit-spike, elsholtzia, seaweed, lysimachia sikokiana, Japanese thistle herb, tribulus terrestris, lemon, rhizoma anemarrhenae, perilla leaf, gelsemium elegans and viola odorata, drying and crushing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 12min at the frequency of 45KHz, heating and decocting for 60min, filtering, mixing the filtrate with ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1:5, heating to 55 ℃, refluxing for 1-2 h, recovering the ethanol, heating the residual liquid to 100 ℃, irradiating for 12min by using ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 192nm, diluting and filling into a spray can.
Example 3
A method for controlling plant diseases and insect pests by using dictyophora indusiata comprises the following steps:
(1) culture material disinfection: preparing a culture material for cultivating the bamboo fungus into a fungus bed, and spraying a disinfectant on the fungus bed; the disinfectant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25kg of omphalia, 15kg of betel nut, 15kg of wintercherry, 10kg of 0.4% saline water, 8kg of 15% lime water solution, 10kg of garlic, 8kg of onion and 5kg of lemon; mixing omphalia, Arecae semen and fructus crataegi, decocting in water for 45min to obtain Chinese medicinal liquid, squeezing Bulbus Allii, Bulbus Allii Cepae and fructus Citri Limoniae to obtain juice, heating to 100 deg.C, decocting for 7min, mixing with Chinese medicinal liquid, saline water and calx water solution, and stirring.
(2) Sowing treatment: hole sowing is adopted, the strain and the control agent are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.15, the mixture is placed in a planting hole, and soil is backfilled; the control agent is prepared by mixing plant ash and cold water flower according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.6;
(3) spraying liquid medicine: sowing Dictyophora Indusiata strain in the fungus bed, spraying liquid medicine a to the fungus bed one week later, and spraying liquid medicine b to Dictyophora Indusiata every 20 days after the hypha breaks the ground.
The liquid medicine a is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of radix stemonae, 15kg of blumea balsamifera, 10kg of nitraria leaves, 8kg of caulis spatholobi, 15kg of carpesium cuspidatum, 10kg of potassium permanganate with the concentration of 1.8%, 4kg of glycine, 1.5kg of methionine, 3kg of threonine and 10kg of urea; mixing radix Stemonae, herba Blumeae Balsamiferae, folium Nitri, caulis et folium Ampelopsis Grossdentata and herba Carpesii Divaricati, decocting in water for 90min, filtering to obtain filtrate, mixing with potassium permanganate, glycine, methionine, threonine and urea, and stirring.
The liquid medicine b is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25kg of perfoliate knotweed herb, 20kg of common selfheal fruit-spike, 15kg of Chinese mosla herb, 15kg of seaweed, 8kg of lysimachia sikokiana herb, 5kg of Japanese thistle herb, 10kg of tribulus terrestris, 15kg of lemon, 8kg of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 15kg of perilla leaf, 15kg of gelsemium elegans and 4kg of corydalis ochroleracea; mixing perfoliate knotweed, common selfheal fruit-spike, Chinese mosla herb, seaweed, lysimachia sikokiana, Japanese thistle herb, tribulus terrestris, lemon, rhizoma anemarrhenae, perilla leaf, gelsemium elegans and corydalis ochracea, drying and crushing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10min at the frequency of 40KHz, heating and decocting for 55min, filtering, mixing the filtrate with ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1:5, heating to 50 ℃, refluxing for 1-2 h, recovering the ethanol, heating the residual liquid to 100 ℃, irradiating for 10min by using ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 185nm, diluting and filling into a spray can.
Example 4
A method for controlling plant diseases and insect pests by using dictyophora indusiata comprises the following steps:
(1) culture material disinfection: preparing a culture material for cultivating the bamboo fungus into a fungus bed, and spraying a disinfectant on the fungus bed; the disinfectant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of omphalia, 18kg of betel nut, 10kg of sour pulp, 12kg of 0.3% saline water, 9kg of 10% lime water solution, 8kg of garlic, 9kg of onion and 3kg of lemon; mixing omphalia, Arecae semen and fructus crataegi, decocting in water for 40min to obtain Chinese medicinal liquid, squeezing Bulbus Allii, Bulbus Allii Cepae and fructus Citri Limoniae to obtain juice, heating to 100 deg.C, decocting for 8min, mixing with Chinese medicinal liquid, saline water and calx water solution, and stirring.
(2) Sowing treatment: adopting hole sowing, mixing the strain and the control agent according to the mass ratio of 1:0.1, placing the mixture in a planting hole, and backfilling; the control agent is prepared by mixing plant ash and cold water flower according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.8;
(3) spraying liquid medicine: sowing Dictyophora Indusiata strain in the fungus bed, spraying liquid medicine a to the fungus bed one week later, and spraying liquid medicine b to Dictyophora Indusiata every 20 days after the hypha breaks the ground.
The liquid medicine a is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of radix stemonae, 18kg of blumea balsamifera, 8kg of leaf of nitraria tangutorum, 9kg of caulis spatholobi, 12kg of carpesium cuspidatum, 8kg of potassium permanganate with the concentration of 2%, 5kg of glycine, 1kg of methionine, 4kg of threonine and 8kg of urea; mixing radix Stemonae, herba Blumeae Balsamiferae, folium Nitri, caulis et folium Ampelopsis Grossdentata and herba Carpesii Divaricati, decocting in water for 100min, filtering to obtain filtrate, mixing with potassium permanganate, glycine, methionine, threonine and urea, and stirring.
The liquid medicine b is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of perfoliate knotweed herb, 25kg of common selfheal fruit-spike, 20kg of Chinese mosla herb, 12kg of seaweed, 9kg of lysimachia sikokiana herb, 3kg of Japanese thistle herb, 12kg of tribulus terrestris, 10kg of lemon, 9kg of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 12kg of perilla leaf, 18kg of gelsemium elegans and 3kg of corydalis ochroleracea; mixing perfoliate knotweed, common selfheal fruit-spike, elsholtzia, seaweed, lysimachia sikokiana, Japanese thistle herb, tribulus terrestris, lemon, rhizoma anemarrhenae, perilla leaf, gelsemium elegans and viola odorata, drying and crushing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 12min at the frequency of 35KHz, heating and decocting for 50min, filtering, mixing the filtrate with ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1:5, heating to 55 ℃, refluxing for 1-2 h, recovering the ethanol, heating the residual liquid to 100 ℃, irradiating for 8min by using ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 192nm, diluting and filling into a spray can.
Example 5
A method for controlling plant diseases and insect pests by using dictyophora indusiata comprises the following steps:
(1) culture material disinfection: preparing a culture material for cultivating the bamboo fungus into a fungus bed, and spraying a disinfectant on the fungus bed; the disinfectant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30kg of omphalia, 12kg of betel nut, 20kg of sour pulp, 12kg of 0.3% saline water, 9kg of 10% lime water solution, 8kg of garlic, 9kg of onion and 8kg of lemon; mixing omphalia, Arecae semen and fructus crataegi, decocting in water for 50min to obtain Chinese medicinal liquid, squeezing Bulbus Allii, Bulbus Allii Cepae and fructus Citri Limoniae to obtain juice, heating to 100 deg.C, decocting for 5min, mixing with Chinese medicinal liquid, saline water and calx water solution, and stirring.
(2) Sowing treatment: hole sowing is adopted, the strain and the control agent are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2, the mixture is placed in a planting hole, and soil is backfilled; the control agent is prepared by mixing plant ash and cold water flower according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.4;
(3) spraying liquid medicine: sowing Dictyophora Indusiata strain in the fungus bed, spraying liquid medicine a to the fungus bed one week later, and spraying liquid medicine b to Dictyophora Indusiata every 20 days after the hypha breaks the ground.
The liquid medicine a is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25kg of radix stemonae, 12kg of blumea balsamifera, 12kg of nitraria leaves, 6kg of caulis spatholobi, 18kg of carpesium arvense, 12kg of potassium permanganate with the concentration of 1.5%, 3kg of glycine, 2kg of methionine, 2kg of threonine and 12kg of urea; mixing radix Stemonae, herba Blumeae Balsamiferae, folium Nitri, caulis et folium Ampelopsis Grossdentata and herba Carpesii Divaricati, decocting in water for 100min, filtering to obtain filtrate, mixing with potassium permanganate, glycine, methionine, threonine and urea, and stirring.
The liquid medicine b is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30kg of perfoliate knotweed herb, 15kg of common selfheal fruit-spike, 20kg of Chinese mosla herb, 12kg of seaweed, 9kg of lysimachia sikokiana herb, 3kg of Japanese thistle herb, 12kg of tribulus terrestris, 10kg of lemon, 9kg of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 18kg of perilla leaf, 18kg of gelsemium elegans and 3kg of corydalis ochroleracea; mixing perfoliate knotweed, common selfheal fruit-spike, Chinese mosla herb, seaweed, lysimachia sikokiana, Japanese thistle herb, tribulus terrestris, lemon, rhizoma anemarrhenae, perilla leaf, gelsemium elegans and corydalis ochracea, drying and crushing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 8-12 min at the frequency of 45KHz, heating and decocting for 50min, filtering, mixing the filtrate with ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1:5, heating to 55 ℃, refluxing for 1-2 h, recovering the ethanol, heating the residual liquid to 100 ℃, irradiating for 12min by using ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 182nm, diluting and filling into a spray can.
Field experiment
Experimental site: planting soil in small-field dam village of Longguan Guangzhou Anlong county of Guizhou, southeast of Qian province;
selecting sand mold soil with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertilizer and water retention and convenient drainage for planting dictyophora, and respectively carrying out pest control according to the method of the embodiment 1-5, wherein the pest control comprises slime bacteria, soot bacteria, slugs, termites and mites, statistics is carried out on occurrence conditions of the dictyophora pests, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Claims (1)
1. A method for controlling plant diseases and insect pests by bamboo fungi is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) culture material disinfection: preparing a culture material for cultivating the bamboo fungus into a fungus bed, and spraying a disinfectant on the fungus bed;
(2) sowing treatment: hole sowing is adopted, the strain and the control agent are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1-0.2, the mixture is placed in a planting hole, and soil is backfilled;
(3) spraying liquid medicine: sowing Dictyophora Indusiata strain in a fungus bed, spraying liquid medicine a to the fungus bed after one week, spraying liquid medicine b to Dictyophora Indusiata every 20 days after the hypha breaks the ground;
the disinfectant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of omphalia, 12-18 parts of betel nut, 10-20 parts of sour pulp, 8-12 parts of 0.3-0.5% saline water, 6-9 parts of 10-20% lime water solution, 8-12 parts of garlic, 6-9 parts of onion and 3-8 parts of lemon; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing omphalia, areca and sour pulp, adding water, decocting for 40-50 min to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine liquid, squeezing garlic, onion and lemon into juice, heating to 100 ℃, decocting for 5-8 min, mixing with the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, saline water and lime water solution, and stirring uniformly;
the control agent is prepared by mixing plant ash and cold water flower according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.4-0.8;
the liquid medicine a is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of radix stemonae, 12-18 parts of blumea balsamifera, 8-12 parts of nitraria leaves, 6-9 parts of caulis spatholobi, 12-18 parts of carpesium arvense, 8-12 parts of potassium permanganate with the concentration of 1.5-2%, 3-5 parts of glycine, 1-2 parts of methionine, 2-4 parts of threonine and 8-12 parts of urea; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing radix stemonae, blumea balsamifera, Chinese prickly ash leaves, white rattan and carpesium abrotanoides, adding water, decocting for 80-100 min, filtering to obtain filtrate, mixing with potassium permanganate, glycine, methionine, threonine and urea, and stirring uniformly;
the liquid medicine b is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of perfoliate knotweed herb, 15-25 parts of Ajuga chinensis, 10-20 parts of elsholtzia, 12-18 parts of seaweed, 6-9 parts of lysimachia christinae hance, 3-8 parts of Japanese thistle herb, 8-12 parts of tribulus terrestris, 10-20 parts of lemon, 6-9 parts of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 12-18 parts of perilla leaf, 12-18 parts of gelsemium elegans and 3-5 parts of corydalis ochracea; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
mixing perfoliate knotweed herb, common selfheal fruit-spike, Chinese mosla herb, seaweed, lysimachia sikokiana, Japanese thistle herb, tribulus terrestris, lemon, rhizoma anemarrhenae, perilla leaf, gelsemium elegans and corydalis ochracea, drying, crushing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, heating, decocting for 50-60 min, filtering, mixing the filtrate with ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1:5, heating to 45-55 ℃, refluxing for 1-2 h, recovering the ethanol, heating the residual liquid to 100 ℃, carrying out ultraviolet irradiation for 8-12 min, diluting and filling into a spray pot;
the ultrasonic treatment is carried out, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 35-45 KHz, and the ultrasonic time is 8-12 min;
the wavelength range of the ultraviolet rays is 182-192 nm.
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