CN107432476A - 一种促进排铅的营养食品 - Google Patents
一种促进排铅的营养食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107432476A CN107432476A CN201710544099.5A CN201710544099A CN107432476A CN 107432476 A CN107432476 A CN 107432476A CN 201710544099 A CN201710544099 A CN 201710544099A CN 107432476 A CN107432476 A CN 107432476A
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- Prior art keywords
- nutraceutical
- lead discharging
- lead
- sodium
- discharging
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/01—Instant products; Powders; Flakes; Granules
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Abstract
本发明涉及药品及营养食品领域，尤其涉及一种促进排铅的营养食品。本发明促进排铅的营养食品是由聚葡萄糖、抗性糊精、雪梨粉、单晶体冰糖、低聚半乳糖、乳清蛋白、燕麦纤维、苹果纤维、L‑乳酸钙、魔芋粉、积雪草提取物、L‑抗坏血酸、柠檬酸钠、酪蛋白酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠、葡萄糖酸锌制成的，优选冲剂和咀嚼片剂。本发明促进排铅的营养食品配方简单、作用全面、食用安全、口感良好，适于儿童食用。经试验，本发明营养食品具有非常理想的排铅效果，科学服用可显著降低儿童血铅水平。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药品及营养食品领域，尤其涉及一种促进排铅的营养食品。
背景技术
铅是一种严重危害人类健康的重金属元素，极低浓度就能对人体的骨髓造血系统、免疫系统、神经系统、肝、肾、脑等造成系统性损害。铅在体内的半衰期极长，很容易通过血液长期蓄积于人体肝、肾、脾、肺和大脑中。
铅主要通过食物、空气等经消化道或呼吸道进入人体并在体内蓄积。由于生理机能的不同，儿童对铅的易感性和吸收率明显高于成年人，儿童消化道的铅吸收率约是成人的4-10倍，呼吸道和肺的铅吸收率约是成人的1.6-2.7倍。近年来，环境污染，汽车尾气增加，爆米花、罐装食品和饮料、糖果等含铅食物摄入增多，长期接触含铅学习用品及玩具电池等因素使得儿童的血铅水平迅速升高，甚至有不少儿童出现了铅中毒症状，当儿童血铅浓度超过100μg/L时,将严重损害儿童的神经系统，影响儿童的智力和行为发育，因此，血铅浓度高的儿童在体格发育、智力发育、学习能力等方面均明显落后于正常儿童。
文献报道，戚其平等对中国城市儿童血铅水平调查结果显示，中国城市儿童血铅总体均值为88.3μg/L。按照国际通行儿童铅中毒诊断标准(血铅值>100μg/L)，我国城市儿童铅中毒发生率在30-40％之间，部分工业污染区将近100％，即使是没有明显工业污染的地区，也有10-30％的儿童血铅超标。因此，促进儿童排铅已成为一项刻不容缓的公共卫生问题。
促进儿童排铅的方法包括食疗、服用排铅类保健品或药物等，其作用机制主要包括螯合、配位及吸附、沉淀、拮抗和抗氧化等。以螯合作用排铅的药物主要有依地酸二钠钙、锌促排灵、钙促排灵等螯合剂；配位及吸附作用的排铅药物主要有MT蛋白、魔芋精粉、大蒜等；沉淀作用的有含硫的食物如菠菜、果胶等；拮抗作用的锌剂等；氧化作用的维生素C、维生素B和多酚类物质等。
目前临床上使用的排铅制剂主要有依地酸钠钙(CaNa2EDTA)、锌促排灵(ZnNa3DTPA)、钙促排灵(CaNa3DTPA)、二巯基丁二酸钠(Na2DMS)、二巯基丁二酸(DMSA)等，或者口服中草药组合物。上述排铅制剂虽然有较好的排铅效果，但其与人体内其他必需微量元素会产生很强的络合作用，在排铅的同时会将铁、锌等有益微量元素排出体外，长期使用会导致微量元素失衡，还会引起肾脏等重要器官损害；中草药制剂服用较为安全，但是起效速度慢，排铅效果不确切，而且中草药制剂多口感不佳，儿童服用时的耐受性和依从性较差。
综上，研制开发一种配方简单、食用安全、排铅效果显著、适宜于儿童食用的营养食品可以为应对目前严峻的儿童铅毒害现状提供一种理想的选择。
发明内容
本发明依照中华预防医学会、中国营养学会、中国儿童卫生保健疾病防治指导中心等机构发起的“零铅工程”中所倡议的“儿童孕妇防铅”、“非药物驱铅”、“营养素驱铅”排铅三原则，经过大规模筛选和重复配方试验，研制开发出一种适宜于儿童食用的排铅营养食品。
我们的研制思路是，让儿童摄入高钙、高铁、高锌和富含维生素的食物，通过摄入一定量的营养物质及膳食纤维，阻止铅在儿童消化道内的吸收，并使进入消化道的铅形成不溶物，排出体外，在排铅的同时达到适量补充营养物质，实现体内微量元素均衡的目的。
积雪草(Centella asiatica(L.)Urban)伞形科多年生草本植物，全草入药，味苦、辛，性寒；归肝、脾、肾经；具有清热利湿，解毒消肿之功效，主治湿热黄疸、中暑腹泻、血淋咳血、风疹疥癣、痈肿疮毒、跌打损伤等症。临床常用于止痛、治疗传染性肝炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎等。积雪草中含有的积雪草苷成分具有抑制纤维组织增生、镇静安定、治疗皮肤溃疡等作用。我们发现，向排铅营养食品配方中加入一定量的积雪草提取物后，排铅效果显著增强，其作用机制可能与其抑制纤维组织增生，改善脑细胞营养状态，促进黏膜愈合，降低铅吸附有关。另外，截至目前，积雪草及其提取物促进人体排铅的作用还未见文献报道。
本发明提供了一种促进排铅的营养食品，其特征在于它是由下述重量份的原料制成的：
聚葡萄糖15-26；抗性糊精22-24；雪梨粉12.0-13.6；单晶体冰糖6.5-8.0；低聚半乳糖4.0-4.6；乳清蛋白0.8-2.0；燕麦纤维8.5-10.0；苹果纤维6.5-7.0；L-乳酸钙1.8-2.8；魔芋粉6.9-8.4；积雪草提取物2.6-3.0；L-抗坏血酸0.16-0.26；柠檬酸钠0.93-1.80；酪蛋白酸钠1.25-1.45；乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.112-0.255；葡萄糖酸锌0.052-0.096。
上述原料的重量份优选：
聚葡萄糖16；抗性糊精22；雪梨粉12.6；单晶体冰糖7.0；低聚半乳糖4.2；乳清蛋白1.5；燕麦纤维9.0；苹果纤维6.8；L-乳酸钙2.2；魔芋粉8.1；积雪草提取物2.8；L-抗坏血酸0.20；柠檬酸钠1.50；酪蛋白酸钠1.35；乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.182；葡萄糖酸锌0.076。
进一步地，每100g本发明促进排铅的营养食品含有下述重量的营养成分：
蛋白质1.2-1.6g；碳水化合物62.5-65.5g；膳食纤维27.0-28.5g；钠115-125mg；钙285-320mg；维生素C 185.0-192.5mg；铁17.5-18.5mg；锌9.95-10.15mg；积雪草苷9.5-12.0mg。
优选地，每100g本发明促进排铅的营养食品中含有下述重量的营养成分：
蛋白质1.3g；碳水化合物64.0g；膳食纤维28.0g；钠120mg；钙300mg；维生素C190.0mg；铁18.0mg；锌10.00mg；积雪草苷11.2mg。
进一步地，本发明促进排铅的营养食品原料中的积雪草提取物通过下述方法制得：将积雪草药材清洗、干燥、粉碎后加入8-10倍量30％乙醇，浸泡1小时后回流提取1小时，药液滤过，然后向滤渣中加入10倍量乙酸乙酯，回流提取1小时，过滤，合并滤液减压浓缩至小体积后真空干燥，即得到积雪草提取物。
进一步地，将所述促进排铅的营养食品按本领域常规的制备冲剂或咀嚼片剂的方法，制得本发明促进排铅的营养食品冲剂或咀嚼片剂。
此外，本发明还涉及一种促进排铅的营养食品在制备儿童排铅食品中的应用。
此外，本发明还涉及一种促进排铅的营养食品在制备儿童排铅保健品中的应用。
综上，本发明促进排铅的营养食品具有下述特点：
(1)减：利用多种植物中的B族维生素减少铅负荷；
(2)降：利用低聚糖、燕麦纤维、苹果纤维降低铅含量，同时利用积雪草提取物抑制纤维组织增生、改善脑细胞营养状态、促进黏膜愈合的作用，降低铅吸附；
(3)抑：利用钙、铁、锌离子竞争性抑制铅蓄积，加速铅代谢；
(4)排：利用魔芋纤维和果胶在小肠内的缠裹作用，使之与铅和维生素C的结合体形成不溶物，共同随粪便排出体外。
本发明促进排铅的营养食品配方简单、作用全面、食用安全。经试验，本发明营养食品具有非常理想的排铅效果、科学服用可显著降低儿童血铅水平。另外，本发明营养食品口感良好，适于儿童食用，制作成冲剂或咀嚼片剂后非常受儿童欢迎，从根本上解决了儿童服用耐受性和依从性差的问题。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。
在进一步描述本发明具体实施方式之前，应理解，本发明的保护范围不局限于下述特定的具体实施方案；还应当理解，本发明实施例中使用的术语是为了描述特定的具体实施方案，而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。
当实施例给出数值范围时，应理解，除非本发明另有说明，每个数值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间任何一个数值均可选用。除非另外定义，本发明中使用的所有技术和科学术语与本技术领域技术人员通常理解的意义相同。除实施例中使用的具体方法、设备、材料外，根据本技术领域的技术人员对现有技术的掌握及本发明的记载，还可以使用与本发明实施例中所述的方法、设备、材料相似或等同的现有技术的任何方法、设备和材料来实现本发明。
实施例1
一种促进排铅的营养食品，是由下述重量份的原料制成的：
聚葡萄糖16；抗性糊精22；雪梨粉12.6；单晶体冰糖7.0；低聚半乳糖4.2；乳清蛋白1.5；燕麦纤维9.0；苹果纤维6.8；L-乳酸钙2.2；魔芋粉8.1；积雪草提取物2.8；L-抗坏血酸0.20；柠檬酸钠1.50；酪蛋白酸钠1.35；乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.182；葡萄糖酸锌0.076；
其中积雪草提取物通过下述方法制得：将积雪草药材清洗、干燥、粉碎后加入8-10倍量30％乙醇，浸泡1小时后回流提取1小时，药液滤过，然后向滤渣中加入10倍量乙酸乙酯，回流提取1小时，过滤，合并滤液减压浓缩至小体积后真空干燥，即得到积雪草提取物。
实施例2
一种促进排铅的营养食品，是由下述重量份的原料制成的：
聚葡萄糖15；抗性糊精22；雪梨粉12.0；单晶体冰糖6.5；低聚半乳糖4.0；乳清蛋白0.8；燕麦纤维8.5；苹果纤维6.5；L-乳酸钙1.8；魔芋粉6.9；积雪草提取物2.6；L-抗坏血酸0.16；柠檬酸钠0.93；酪蛋白酸钠1.25；乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.112；葡萄糖酸锌0.052；
其中积雪草提取物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种促进排铅的营养食品，是由下述重量份的原料制成的：
聚葡萄糖26；抗性糊精24；雪梨粉13.6；单晶体冰糖8.0；低聚半乳糖4.6；乳清蛋白2.0；燕麦纤维10.0；苹果纤维7.0；L-乳酸钙2.8；魔芋粉8.4；积雪草提取物3.0；L-抗坏血酸0.26；柠檬酸钠1.80；酪蛋白酸钠1.45；乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.255；葡萄糖酸锌0.096；
其中积雪草提取物的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例
一种促进排铅的营养食品，是由下述重量份的原料制成的：
聚葡萄糖16；抗性糊精22；雪梨粉12.6；单晶体冰糖7.0；低聚半乳糖4.2；乳清蛋白1.5；燕麦纤维9.0；苹果纤维6.8；L-乳酸钙2.2；魔芋粉8.1；L-抗坏血酸0.20；柠檬酸钠1.50；酪蛋白酸钠1.35；乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.182；葡萄糖酸锌0.076。
实验例1药效学实验
1.实验目的
观察本发明促进排铅的营养食品对小鼠体内铅含量的影响。
2.实验材料
2.1受试样品
实施例1-3和对比例的促进排铅的营养食品。
配制方法：以水分别配制成浓度为50.0mg/ml的混悬液。
2.2实验动物
BALB/c小鼠，18-22g，雌雄各半。
3.实验分组及受试样品给予时间
实验共设五个组，分别为实施例1-3组、对比例组和空白对照组，每组10只小鼠。
各组样品给予时间均为8周。
4.实验方法
4.1造模方法
选取健康小鼠60只，每只小鼠每天腹腔注射40mg/kg醋酸铅蒸馏水溶液，建立小鼠染铅动物模型。连续染毒7天后停止染毒，让小鼠自由进食、饮水，恢复3天，第10天开始各组小鼠分别灌胃蒸馏水或各受试样品。
4.2实验步骤
连续给药8周后，取小鼠右股静脉血40μl，放入盛有0.36ml 1％硝酸的带盖塑料离心管中，振荡摇匀；取一侧50％股骨，称重后进行消化，加稀硝酸定容至5ml；同法取肝脏及脑组织，用原子分光光度计测定血、骨、肝及脑组织中的铅含量；对检测数据进行T检验统计分析。
5.实验结果
动物活体观测指标
一般临床观察：包括但不限于死亡情况、精神状态、行为活动、发病、呼吸、分泌物、粪便以及饮食和饮水情况等。
详细临床观察：包括但不限于精神状态、行为活动、皮肤、被毛、眼睛、耳朵、鼻、腹部、外生殖器、肛门、四肢、足和呼吸。
体重：所有动物在接收后、分组前和濒死前测定体重。
各实验组小鼠血、骨、肝及脑组织中的铅含量值(取各组10只小鼠的平均值)如下表1所示：
表1各实验组小鼠血、骨、肝及脑组织中的铅含量值
注：与空白对照组相比：*P≤0.01；**P≤0.001.
从表1中可以看出，与空白对照组相比，各实验组小鼠的血铅、骨铅、肝铅和脑铅含量值均有不同程度的降低，相比而言，实施例组的排铅效果明显优于配方中不含积雪草提取物的对比例组，说明向配方中添加了积雪草提取物后，其排铅作用得到了显著增强。
实验例2人体试食试验
本试验目的是观察并验证本发明促进排铅的营养食品(实施例1)对高血铅儿童的排铅效果。
1.病例选择与分组
高血铅儿童60例，采用双盲法随机分为两组：受试样品组和空白对照组，每组各30例。两组年龄、性别、血铅水平比较差异均无统计学意义(p>0.05)。
2.纳入标准
(1)年龄要求6-14周岁；
(2)血铅≥100μg/L；
(3)试验前1个月内未进行过其他排铅治疗；
(4)无其他严重脏器疾病；
(5)同意参加本试验，并已签署知情同意书。
3.试验方法
受试样品组：按照每日0.5g/kg体重的剂量分早晚两次服用本营养食品，60天1疗程；
空白对照组：服用玉米淀粉制成的安慰剂，服用剂量和疗程与受试样品组相同。
4.观测指标及血铅含量测定
观测指标
(1)安全性指标：试验前后进行一般体检项目检查；血、尿、便常规；心、肝、肾功能检查。
(2)临床指标：试验期间逐日观察临床症状、体征变化，并密切监测各种不良反应的发生时间、表现、程度、处理及结果。
血铅含量检测方法
试验结束后，采血50μl，经硝酸-高氯酸混合液消化后用原子吸收分光光度计测定铅含量，结果如下表2所示：
表2各试验组试食前后血铅含量值
注：试食前后相比：**P≤0.01.
由表2可以看出，受试样品组试验后平均血铅含量显著低于试验前，而空白对照组试验前后血铅含量未发生明显变化。
实验例3毒性试验
选用健康BALB/c小鼠40只，雌雄各20只，体重18-22g。
试验前动物禁食16h，自由饮水。每日按照50g/kg体重的总剂量分两次灌胃，相当于人体推荐剂量的100倍，连续灌胃观察14天。试验观察期内，试验动物饮食和活动正常，未见任何中毒表现，无死亡动物。提示本发明营养食品经口饲无明显毒副作用。
以上对本发明优选的具体实施方式和实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式和实施例，在本领域技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明构思的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (8)
1.一种促进排铅的营养食品，其特征在于它是由下述重量份的原料制成的：
聚葡萄糖15-26；抗性糊精22-24；雪梨粉12.0-13.6；单晶体冰糖6.5-8.0；低聚半乳糖4.0-4.6；乳清蛋白0.8-2.0；燕麦纤维8.5-10.0；苹果纤维6.5-7.0；L-乳酸钙1.8-2.8；魔芋粉6.9-8.4；积雪草提取物2.6-3.0；L-抗坏血酸0.16-0.26；柠檬酸钠0.93-1.80；酪蛋白酸钠1.25-1.45；乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.112-0.255；葡萄糖酸锌0.052-0.096。
2.如权利要求1所述的促进排铅的营养食品，其中各原料的重量份是：
聚葡萄糖16；抗性糊精22；雪梨粉12.6；单晶体冰糖7.0；低聚半乳糖4.2；乳清蛋白1.5；燕麦纤维9.0；苹果纤维6.8；L-乳酸钙2.2；魔芋粉8.1；积雪草提取物2.8；L-抗坏血酸0.20；柠檬酸钠1.50；酪蛋白酸钠1.35；乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.182；葡萄糖酸锌0.076。
3.如权利要求1所述的促进排铅的营养食品，其特征在于每100g所述营养食品中含有下述重量的营养成分：
蛋白质1.2-1.6g；碳水化合物62.5-65.5g；膳食纤维27.0-28.5g；钠115-125mg；钙285-320mg；维生素C 185.0-192.5mg；铁17.5-18.5mg；锌9.95-10.15mg；积雪草苷9.5-12.0mg。
4.如权利要求3所述的促进排铅的营养食品，每100g所述营养食品中含有下述重量的营养成分：
蛋白质1.3g；碳水化合物64.0g；膳食纤维28.0g；钠120mg；钙300mg；维生素C 190.0mg；铁18.0mg；锌10.00mg；积雪草苷11.2mg。
5.如权利要求1所述的促进排铅的营养食品，所述积雪草提取物通过下述方法制得：将积雪草药材清洗、干燥、粉碎后加入8-10倍量30％乙醇，浸泡1小时后回流提取1小时，药液滤过，然后向滤渣中加入10倍量乙酸乙酯，回流提取1小时，过滤，合并滤液减压浓缩至小体积后真空干燥，即得到积雪草提取物。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的促进排铅的营养食品，其特征在于所述促进排铅的营养食品按本领域常规的制备冲剂或咀嚼片剂的方法，进一步制得本营养食品冲剂或咀嚼片剂。
7.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的促进排铅的营养食品在制备儿童排铅食品中的应用。
8.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的促进排铅的营养食品在制备儿童排铅保健品中的应用。
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