CN107429942B - 用于加热水和/或用于生产家用热水的双盘管冷凝热交换器 - Google Patents

用于加热水和/或用于生产家用热水的双盘管冷凝热交换器 Download PDF

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CN107429942B
CN107429942B CN201580064219.0A CN201580064219A CN107429942B CN 107429942 B CN107429942 B CN 107429942B CN 201580064219 A CN201580064219 A CN 201580064219A CN 107429942 B CN107429942 B CN 107429942B
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coil
exchanger
condensation
hot water
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CN107429942A (zh
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马克·德纳尔迪斯
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Lialu S. P. A.
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/43Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/44Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups F24H1/24 - F24H1/40 , e.g. boilers having a combination of features covered by F24H1/24 - F24H1/40
    • F24H1/445Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups F24H1/24 - F24H1/40 , e.g. boilers having a combination of features covered by F24H1/24 - F24H1/40 with integrated flue gas condenser
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H8/00Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/0005Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F24H9/0031Guiding means in combustion gas channels with means for changing or adapting the path of the flue gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0041Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for only one medium being tubes having parts touching each other or tubes assembled in panel form
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/022Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of two or more media in heat-exchange relationship being helically coiled, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/025Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/04Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular polygonal, e.g. rectangular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的冷凝交换器(1),并行地设有具有平滑表面的第一内侧盘管(2),以及第二外侧盘管(3),所述第二盘管(3)相对于所述第一盘管(2)在外侧螺旋卷绕,在所述第一(2)和第二(3)盘管中独立循环载热流体,所述第一盘管(2)主要通过辐射和对流与燃烧烟雾进行热交换,而所述第二盘管(3)主要通过冷凝与燃烧烟雾进行热交换,所述交换器特征在于,所述第二盘管具有平滑表面,其中设置隔热隔板(4),所述隔板(4)将所述交换器(1)划分为第一上部或燃烧区域(1')和第二下部或冷凝区域(1"),所述隔热隔板(4)将所述交换器(1)划分为具有以下公式规定比例的所述两个区域(1'、1"):45%≤H1/L≤60%,其中L是交换器的高度,H1是第一区域(1')的高度。

Description

用于加热水和/或用于生产家用热水的双盘管冷凝热交换器
本发明涉及一种用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的双管冷凝交换器。
更具体地,本发明涉及一种允许获得很高效率同时在液体和烟雾两方面都具有低比损耗的烟雾-液体热交换器。
许多使用盘管的冷凝热交换器的解决方案可在市场上获取。欧洲专利申请EP 1281 919 A2和欧洲专利申请EP 1 281 919 A2提供了现有技术的解决方案。
特别是,同一申请人在意大利专利n°1396729(相当于欧洲专利申请2504632)中提出了一种设有两个分离的螺旋卷绕管件的冷凝热交换器的解决方案,分别是一个平滑的(内侧)和另一个波纹的(外侧)螺旋卷绕管件。
根据流体相遇时的温度区分交换表面的类型,将这两个不同的盘管配对允许获得最佳热交换。在由辐射和对流产生的热交换共同作用引起的高温燃烧室中,设置包括平滑盘管的热交换器,而在气态化合物冷凝现象开始的低烟雾温度区域,设置第二波纹盘管,以最大化热交换和促进冷凝物的适当流出。两个盘管相对于气态产物气流串联布置,相对于载热流体并联布置。
然而,当开展IT’729描述的方案时,已经发现当考虑热交换器成本、热交换器可靠性、耐腐蚀性、机械阻力和效率时,提出的方案不允许完全获得规定结果。
特别是,已经确定IT’729中描述的烟雾回路不允许在与外侧盘管冷凝热交换时获得最大效率。
此外,已经发现当考虑抗腐蚀的可靠性和机械阻力时,波纹外侧盘管不方便。
另外,由于第一和/或第二盘管的匝圈会阻止烟雾的最优流通路径,IT’729提出的方案不允许最优化效率。
考虑到以上情况,根据本发明提出一种改进的用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的双管件冷凝热交换器,允许克服上述缺点,提供易于改进热交换器中的烟雾循环、进而提高热交换器效率的技术方案。
因此本发明的特定目的是一种用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的冷凝交换器,并行地设有具有平滑表面的在内侧的第一盘管,以及在外侧的第二盘管,所述第二盘管相对于所述第一盘管在外侧螺旋卷绕,所述第一盘管具有类-五边形剖面,以适形于所述第二盘管的轮廓,在所述第一盘管和第二盘管盘管中独立循环载热流体,所述第一盘管构造成主要通过辐射和对流与燃烧烟雾进行热交换,而所述第二盘管构造成主要通过冷凝与燃烧烟雾进行热交换,所述交换器特征在于,所述第二盘管具有圆形剖面和平滑表面,且在所述第一盘管的内侧的内部设置隔热隔板,所述隔板将所述交换器划分为第一上部或燃烧区域和第二下部或冷凝区域,且在所述第一上部或燃烧区域,构造成使烟雾穿过所述第一盘管,然后穿过所述第二盘管,主要通过辐射或对流进行热交换,在所述第二下部或冷凝区域,构造成使烟雾穿过所述第二盘管,然后穿过所述第一盘管,主要通过冷凝进行热交换,所述隔热隔板将所述交换器划分为具有以下公式设定比例的所述第一上部或燃烧区域和所述第二下部或冷凝区域:
45%≤H1/L≤60%
其中L是交换器的高度,H1是所述第一上部或燃烧区域的高度。
较优的,根据本发明,所述第一盘管具有类-五边形(pseudo-pentagonal)剖面,以配合所述第二盘管的轮廓,所述第二盘管具有圆形剖面。
仍然根据本发明,所述第一盘管通过机械变形实现其外轮廓上的突起。
仍然根据本发明,所述第二盘管通过机械变形实现其外轮廓上的突起。
此外,根据本发明,在所述第二盘管外侧与热交换器的第一区域相对应处,设有第一隔壁,所述第一隔壁具有或不具有孔或开口,所述孔或开口在所述第二盘管的各单个匝圈相对应处或在各单个匝圈向上或向下略微偏移处形成。
此外,根据本发明,在所述第一盘管内侧与热交换器的第一区域相对应处,设有第二隔壁,所述第二隔壁具有或不具有孔或开口,所述孔或开口在所述第二盘管的各单个匝圈相对应处或各单个匝圈向上或向下略微偏移处形成。
最后,根据本发明,所述隔板通过在盘管的匝圈之间联接支撑元件来支撑。
现将具体参照附图,根据其较佳实施例示例性而非限制性地描述本发明,附图中:
图1示出根据本发明的热交换器的第一实施例的纵剖图和燃烧烟雾流的示意图;
图2a、2b和2c示出图1的热交换器的具体布置;
图3示出图1的热交换器的细节的剖视图;
图4a、4b、4c、4d、4e和4f示出图1的热交换器的六个变型的剖视图和燃烧烟雾流的示意图;
图5示出图1的热交换器细节部的执行变型的剖视图;
图6示出图5的执行变型的细节部的剖视图;
图7示出图1的热交换器第二个细节的执行变型的剖视图;
图8示出结合图5和7的变型的细节部的剖视图;以及
图9示出图1的热交换器的细节的剖视图。
在不同的附图中,即使参照不同的实施例,相同或相似的部件以同一附图标记表示。
观察附图图1,示出根据本发明的热交换器的第一实施例,通常由附图标记1表示。
热交换器1设有两个彼此同心的平滑盘管,分别是内侧盘管2和外侧盘管3。内侧盘管2具有类-五边形剖面,而盘管3具有圆形剖面。
热交换器1还设置设定高度的隔热耐热隔板4(将在之后参照图2a-2c更好的描述),以获得图1示意地示出的烟雾流。
附图标记5表示烟雾出口区域。
大体上,隔热隔板4将热交换器1划分为上部或燃烧区域1’和下部或冷凝区域1”。
在区域1’中,从上方进入的烟雾穿过第一盘管2,主要通过辐射和对流进行热交换,而在区域1”中主要通过冷凝进行热交换。
大体上,烟雾1沿部分1’中的箭头A向外穿过盘管2和3设置在区域1’内的部分,沿壳体6的壁向下,在对应于热交换器1的部分1”处,再一次进入穿过外侧盘管3、内侧盘管2,并因此从开口5排出。
图2a-2c示出了根据该发明的热交换器1的三个具体实施例,主要目的是提供根据热交换器1的容积定位隔热隔板4的技术指示。
具体地,可注意到在图2a中,当热交换器1的高度L=410mm时,区域1’的高度H1=214mm,区域2”的高度H2=196mm,比值H1/L=52%。
图2b的热交换器的热交换器1的高度则为L=470mm,区域1’的高度H1=269mm,区域2”的高度H2=201mm,比值H1/L=57%。
最后,图2c的热交换器的高度L=682mm,区域1’的高度H1=403mm,区域2”的高度H2=279mm,比值H1/L=59%。
因此,已经确定,为了获得根据本发明的热交换器1的最佳效率,必须参照以下公式:
45%≤H1/L≤60%。
图3详细示出了隔热隔板4的功能在于将热交换器1划分为燃烧区域1’和冷凝区域1”,同时在附图中示出了烟雾循环。在这种情况下,隔板4通过在盘管2的匝圈之间安装支撑元件16来支撑。
观察到,隔热隔板4通常用于将腔室划分为两个部分,这是本领域已知的一种解决方案。然而,根据本发明要求保护的具体定位(涉及如上所述的比例),允许最优化根据本发明的热交换器1的效率。
根据本发明的热交换器的六个变型在图4a-4f中示出。
具体地,图4a示出图1的热交换器的示意图,图4b示出在盘管4外侧与热交换器1的区域1’相对应处设置具有孔8的隔壁7。孔8具体设置为基本上与盘管3的每个匝圈的高度一致。因此,热交换和烟雾循环明显改进。
图4c示出与图4b示出的隔壁相似的隔壁7,此处隔壁7设置在盘管3外侧但与本发明的热交换器1的区域1”相对应处,即,与冷凝区域相对应。隔壁7总是设有供烟雾穿过的孔8。
图4d的方案则在盘管2内侧与冷凝区域相对应处设置设有供烟雾穿过的孔10的隔壁9。
图4e的方案则结合图4b和图4d示出的方案。
最后,图4f示出的方案仅在盘管3外侧与本发明的热交换器1的燃烧区域1’和冷凝区域1”都相对应处设置隔壁7。
隔壁7和/或9的各孔8和/或10可以分别与盘管3和2的各匝圈的高度一致,即,彼此向上和向下偏移,以优化本发明的热交换器中的烟雾循环。
现参照图5和6,示出了提供具有类-五边形截面的内部盘管2轮廓的机械变形的技术方案,为了沿其延伸部获得突起11,当装配根据本发明的热交换器1时(具体参见图6),允许实现在单个匝圈之间的空间12以获得更好的烟雾穿过,进而获得同一热交换器1的更好的效率。所述空间12优选地具有0.5至2mm范围内的高度。
可以在外侧盘管3的管件上实施类似的处理,外侧盘管3如图7示出发生变形产生两个突起13。
盘管2和3的两个处理的结合,突起11和13的产生,空间12和14(在图8中第一次示出)的实现,允许如图8所示安装盘管2和3。
通过这种方式,实现烟雾循环明显改进,进而实现热交换器各个区域中的换热明显改进。
空间12和14都具有如上所述0.5-2mm范围内的尺寸,但它们不是必须具有相同的高度。
最后,图9示出了在热交换器入口的盘管2的类-五边形管件和盘管3的圆形管件的联接,与箱体16的下部闭合件15相对应。
已经根据本发明的较佳实施例为了示例而不是限制的目的描述了本发明,但是应该理解,熟悉本领域的技术人员可引入变型和/或更改,而不脱离由所附权利要求书限定的相关范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的冷凝交换器(1),并行地设有具有平滑表面的在内侧的第一盘管(2),以及在外侧的第二盘管(3),所述第二盘管(3)相对于所述第一盘管(2)在外侧螺旋卷绕,所述第一盘管(2)具有类-五边形剖面,以适形于所述第二盘管(3)的轮廓,在所述第一盘管(2)和第二盘管(3)盘管中独立循环载热流体,所述第一盘管(2)构造成主要通过辐射和对流与燃烧烟雾进行热交换,而所述第二盘管(3)构造成主要通过冷凝与燃烧烟雾进行热交换,所述交换器特征在于,所述第二盘管(3)具有圆形剖面和平滑表面,且在所述第一盘管(2)的内侧的内部设置隔热隔板(4),所述隔板(4)将所述交换器(1)划分为第一上部或燃烧区域(1')和第二下部或冷凝区域(1"),且在所述第一上部或燃烧区域(1'),构造成使烟雾穿过所述第一盘管(2),然后穿过所述第二盘管(3),主要通过辐射或对流进行热交换,在所述第二下部或冷凝区域(1"),构造成使烟雾穿过所述第二盘管(3),然后穿过所述第一盘管(2),主要通过冷凝进行热交换,所述隔热隔板(4)将所述交换器(1)划分为具有以下公式设定比例的所述第一上部或燃烧区域(1')和所述第二下部或冷凝区域(1")
45%≤H1/L≤60%
其中L是交换器的高度,H1是所述第一上部或燃烧区域(1')的高度,
其中,在所述第二盘管(3)外侧的外面,设置第一隔壁(7),所述第一隔壁(7)具有孔或开口(8),所述孔或开口(8)在所述第二盘管(3)的各单个匝圈向下略微偏移处实现。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的冷凝交换器(1),其特征在于,所述第一盘管(2)通过机械变形实现其外轮廓上的突起(11)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的冷凝交换器(1),其特征在于,所述第二盘管(3)通过机械变形实现其外轮廓上的突起(13)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的冷凝交换器(1),其特征在于,在所述第二盘管(3)外侧的外面与所述交换器(1)的第一上部或燃烧区域(1’)相对应处,设置所述第一隔壁(7)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的冷凝交换器(1),其特征在于,在所述第二盘管(3)外侧的外面与所述交换器(1)的第二下部或冷凝区域(1”)相对应处,设置所述第一隔壁(7)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的冷凝交换器(1),其特征在于,在所述第一盘管(2)内侧的内部与热交换器(1)的第二下部或冷凝区域(1”)相对应处,设置第二隔壁(9),所述第二隔壁(9)具有孔或开口(10),所述孔或开口(10)在所述第一盘管(2)的各单个匝圈相对应处或在各单个匝圈向上或向下略微偏移处形成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的冷凝交换器(1),其特征在于,所述隔板(4)通过在所述第一盘管(2)的各匝圈之间联接支撑元件(16)来支撑。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于加热水和/或用于生产卫生热水的冷凝交换器(1),其特征在于,所述第二盘管(3)通过机械变形实现其外轮廓上的每一匝圈有至少两个突起(13),所述至少两个突起(13)抵靠所述第一盘管(2)的所述轮廓的所述表面,从而对于在所述第一盘管(2)和所述第二盘管(3)之间的每一突起形成空间(12)以获得更好的烟雾穿过。
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