WO2022121376A1 - 冷凝换热器及其热水器 - Google Patents

冷凝换热器及其热水器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022121376A1
WO2022121376A1 PCT/CN2021/114193 CN2021114193W WO2022121376A1 WO 2022121376 A1 WO2022121376 A1 WO 2022121376A1 CN 2021114193 W CN2021114193 W CN 2021114193W WO 2022121376 A1 WO2022121376 A1 WO 2022121376A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
heat exchange
flue gas
condensing
exchange unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/114193
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王伟
张成军
林康
Original Assignee
艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 filed Critical 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司
Priority to CA3201238A priority Critical patent/CA3201238A1/en
Priority to US18/255,888 priority patent/US20240102694A1/en
Publication of WO2022121376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022121376A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J11/00—Devices for conducting smoke or fumes, e.g. flues 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F24H1/0036—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel of the sealed type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
    • F24H8/006—Means for removing condensate from the heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of water heating, in particular to a condensing heat exchanger and a water heater thereof.
  • gas water heaters have been widely used.
  • condensing gas water heaters as high-efficiency gas combustion equipment, have great energy-saving potential.
  • condensing gas water heaters add a condensing heat exchanger above the sensible heat exchanger, which can fully absorb the heat of high temperature flue gas and improve the heat exchange efficiency of the whole machine.
  • the current condensing gas water heaters are complicated in the design of the flue gas flow path, resulting in a large smoke flow resistance of the flue gas, and higher requirements for the fan; in addition, the condensed water is not easily discharged, and the condensation efficiency is low.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a condensing heat exchanger and a water heater thereof which can reduce the requirement of the fan.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a condensing heat exchanger and a water heater thereof to improve the condensing efficiency.
  • a condensing heat exchanger comprising:
  • Heat exchanger housing with flue gas inlet and flue gas outlet
  • a heat exchange unit located inside the heat exchanger shell; between the heat exchange unit and the inner side wall of the heat exchanger shell, there is a side wall smoke exhaust flow channel that communicates with the flue gas outlet;
  • the heat exchange unit is surrounded by a flue gas inlet flow channel that communicates with the flue gas inlet; the side wall exhaust gas flow channel is surrounded by the heat exchange unit;
  • the heat exchange flue is communicated with the side wall flue exhaust flow channel.
  • one end of the heat exchange unit close to the flue gas outlet is covered and blocked by a shielding plate; the flue gas inlet channel extends from the flue gas inlet to the shielding plate.
  • the heat exchange unit includes: a plurality of heat exchange tube layers arranged in layers in a vertical direction; the heat exchange tube layers include a radially decreasing surrounding area from the outside to the inside, and A plurality of heat exchange tube rings are sleeved one by one; the heat exchange flue includes a spaced flue located between the upper and lower adjacent two heat exchange tube layers.
  • the heat exchange tube rings with the same surrounding area of the different heat exchange tube layers are stacked and arranged in a vertical direction to form a tube ring stack.
  • the tube ring stack is formed by a heat exchange tube extending spirally from the water inlet to the water outlet; the heat exchange tube rings located at the same height are different from the tube ring stack.
  • the heat exchange tube layer is formed.
  • the heat exchanger shell is provided with a water inlet portion and a water outlet portion; at least two tube ring stacks are connected in parallel between the water inlet portion and the water outlet portion.
  • the heat exchanger shell is provided with a water inlet portion and a water outlet portion; at least two of the tube ring stacks are connected in series between the water inlet portion and the water outlet portion.
  • the heat exchange unit includes a first partial number of tube ring stacks connected in parallel, and a second partial number of tube ring stacks connected in parallel; the first partial number of tube ring stacks The second part of the number of tube ring stacks is connected in series between the water inlet part and the water outlet part.
  • the heat exchange tube layer is formed by a heat exchange tube spirally coiled from the outside to the inside.
  • At least two of the heat exchange tube layers are connected in parallel between the water inlet and the water outlet; and/or, at least two of the heat exchange tubes are connected in series to the water inlet part and the outlet part.
  • the heat exchanger shell is provided with a water inlet portion and a water outlet portion; the heat exchange unit includes a heat exchange pipe connected between the water inlet portion and the water outlet portion.
  • the water inlet portion is arranged near the bottom of the heat exchanger shell, and the water outlet portion is arranged near the top of the heat exchanger shell.
  • the vertical distance between two adjacent heat exchange tube layers is smaller than the horizontal distance between two adjacent tube ring stacks.
  • the vertical distance between two adjacent heat exchange tube layers is greater than 0.68 mm and less than 2.66 mm.
  • the heat exchange unit is further provided with spacers that separate two adjacent heat exchange tube layers.
  • the heat exchange unit is further provided with spacers that are fitted and spaced between two adjacent tube ring stacks.
  • the bottom of the heat exchanger shell is further provided with a condensed water discharge port; the condensed water discharge port is located at the lowest position of the bottom of the heat exchanger shell.
  • the bottom of the heat exchanger shell has a bearing surface for bearing the heat exchange unit; the bearing surface faces the condensed water discharge port from the side away from the condensed water discharge port Overall tilt.
  • the height of the heat exchange unit or at least one of the heat exchange tube layers gradually decreases from the side away from the condensate water discharge port to the side close to the condensate water discharge port.
  • the bottom plate of the heat exchanger shell forms the bearing surface by stamping.
  • the inclination angle of the bearing surface relative to the horizontal plane is within 10 degrees.
  • spaced protrusions are provided between the shielding plate and the top wall of the heat exchanger shell; Top runner with open outlet.
  • a water heater comprising:
  • the condensing heat exchanger according to any one of the above embodiments, the condensing heat exchanger is located above the primary heat exchanger.
  • the flue gas inlet channel is surrounded by the heat exchange unit and is located in the center of the heat exchange unit, and then the flue gas enters the center of the heat exchange unit through the flue gas inlet channel and diffuses through the surrounding.
  • the superheat exchange unit enters the side wall smoke exhaust channel, and then is discharged through the flue gas outlet, thereby reducing the smoke resistance, thereby reducing the requirements for the fan.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial schematic diagram of a water heater provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the assembly schematic diagram of the condensing heat exchanger and the primary heat exchanger of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the sectional schematic diagram of the condensing heat exchanger of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the condensing heat exchanger of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is the interior top view of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the heat exchange unit of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 8 is the exploded schematic diagram of Fig. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange unit provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a condensing heat exchanger 100, the condensing heat exchanger 100 includes: a heat exchanger housing 110 having a flue gas inlet 101 and a flue gas outlet 102; Internal heat exchange unit 104. Wherein, between the heat exchange unit 104 and the inner side wall of the heat exchanger shell 110 , there is a side wall fume exhaust channel 105 that communicates with the fume outlet 102 .
  • the heat exchange unit 104 is surrounded by the flue gas inlet channel 103 communicated with the flue gas inlet 101; the side wall smoke exhaust channel 105 is surrounded by the heat exchange unit 104; There is a heat exchange flue that communicates the flue gas inlet channel 103 and the side wall flue gas exhaust channel 105 .
  • the heat exchanger housing 110 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure as a whole, and an accommodating space for accommodating the heat exchange unit 104 is formed therein.
  • the peripheral side walls of the heat exchanger housing 110 are two opposite pairs of side walls, and the corresponding heat exchange units 104 in the heat exchanger housing 110 generally have a rectangular parallelepiped structure matching the shape of the heat exchanger housing 110 .
  • the heat exchanger housing 110 has opposing first and second side walls, and opposing third and fourth side walls, wherein the first, third, second, and third The four side walls are arranged cyclically in sequence.
  • the first and second side walls are respectively Left and right side wall smoke exhaust channels 105 are formed between the peripheral side walls of the heat exchange unit 104, and front and rear side wall smoke exhaust channels 105 are formed between the third and fourth side walls and the peripheral side walls of the heat exchange unit 104 respectively.
  • the left side wall smoke exhaust channel 105 , the rear side wall smoke exhaust channel 105 , the right side wall smoke exhaust channel 105 , and the front side wall smoke exhaust channel 105 are sequentially connected to form an annular side wall smoke exhaust channel 105 and surround the heat exchange unit 104 .
  • the flue gas inlet duct 103 is surrounded by the heat exchange unit 104 and is located in the center of the heat exchange unit 104, and then the flue gas enters the center of the heat exchange unit 104 through the flue gas inlet duct 103 and passes through the heat exchange unit 104. It diffuses to the surrounding through the heat exchange unit 104 and enters the side wall smoke exhaust channel 105, and then is discharged through the flue gas outlet 102, thereby reducing the smoke resistance, thereby reducing the requirements for the fan.
  • the heat exchange efficiency is not lower than or even higher than that of the traditional heat exchanger (in the experiment Compared with the traditional example, the smoke temperature at the middle outlet is reduced by about 4 degrees Celsius), and the smoke resistance of the condensing heat exchanger 100 of this embodiment is lower, and the fan speed is reduced by 500 revolutions under the maximum load, and the low-pressure fan can satisfy the water heater replacement. heat needs.
  • the condensing heat exchanger 100 can be used as a secondary heat exchanger to cooperate with a primary heat exchanger 200 (eg, a fin-tube heat exchanger) to exchange heat with flue gas and heat water.
  • the condensing heat exchanger 100 may be installed above the primary heat exchanger 200 to continue heat exchange for the flue gas flowing from the primary heat exchanger 200 .
  • the condensing heat exchanger 100 enters the smoke through the middle, and flows to the surrounding area to exchange heat with the heat exchange tubes of the heat exchange unit 104, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the flue gas, thereby reducing the requirement for the fan.
  • the heat exchange unit 104 includes a plurality of loops of heat exchange tubes (also called heat exchange coils) surrounding the flue gas inlet channel 103 .
  • the heat exchange tube may be a corrugated tube.
  • the heat exchanger shell 110 is provided with a water inlet part 111 and a water outlet part 112 .
  • the water inlet 111 is used to input water (eg, cold water) into the heat exchange unit 104
  • the water outlet 112 is used to output the water after the heat exchange unit 104 exchanges heat with the flue gas.
  • the water inlet 111 can be communicated with the cold water input end of the water heater to input cold water.
  • the water outlet 112 can be communicated with the primary heat exchanger 200 , so that the water flowing out of the condensing heat exchanger 100 can be continuously heated by the primary heat exchanger 200 .
  • the primary heat exchanger 200 may be a finned tube heat exchanger.
  • a burner 300 is provided below the primary heat exchanger 200 , and a combustion chamber 400 is provided between the burner 300 and the burner 300 .
  • the heat exchange unit 104 includes a heat exchange pipe connected between the water inlet part 111 and the water outlet part 112 .
  • the heat exchange tube surrounds the flue gas inlet duct 103 under the shielding plate 160, and forms a heat exchange flue between the tubes.
  • the water inlet portion 111 is disposed near the bottom of the heat exchanger shell 110
  • the water outlet portion 112 is disposed near the top of the heat exchanger shell 110 .
  • the overall flow direction of water in the heat exchange unit 104 is from bottom to top, the overall flow direction of flue gas is from the lower flue gas inlet 101 to the upper flue gas outlet 102, and the overall flow direction of water is the same as the overall flow direction of the flue gas.
  • the flow directions are approximately the same, so that the low-temperature flue gas transmitted through the primary heat exchanger 200 and the water can be sufficiently heat-exchanged.
  • the water inlet portion 111 and the water outlet portion 112 may be a water collecting box on the side wall of the heat exchanger housing 110 , and the water collecting box is provided with connection ports 1121 and 1111 .
  • the water collecting box providing the water outlet 112 and the water collecting box providing the water inlet 111 are located on the same side wall of the housing 110 and arranged up and down.
  • a water outlet pipe 150 communicating with the primary heat exchanger 200 is communicated with the water outlet portion 112
  • a water inlet pipe for inputting cold water is communicated with the water inlet portion 111 .
  • the heat exchange unit 104 is located between the flue gas inlet channel 103 and the side wall flue gas exhaust channel 105 .
  • the flue gas outlet 102 is located above the heat exchange unit 104 .
  • the smoke outlet 102 is located above the shielding plate 160 .
  • spaced protrusions 115 are provided between the shielding plate 160 and the top wall of the heat exchanger shell 110 .
  • the spacer protrusions 115 separate the upper region of the shielding plate 160 to form top flow channels respectively communicating with the flue gas outlets 102 .
  • the spacer protrusions 115 When facing FIG. 3 , the spacer protrusions 115 are located on the shielding plate 160 , the spacer protrusions 115 extend in the front and rear horizontal directions (perpendicular to the paper surface), and divide the top flue gas circulation space into left and right top flow channels 1151 , 1152.
  • the spacer protrusions 115 are also provided with flow guiding slopes to guide the flue gas to the flue gas outlet 102 .
  • the entire left side flue gas (approximately half of the flue gas discharged from the side wall flue gas exhaust channel 105 ) enters the left top flow channel 1151 , and can be diverted to the flue gas outlet by the spacer projection 115 when it flows to the spacer projection 115 .
  • the flue gas inlet 101 is located on the bottom plate 170 of the heat exchanger shell 110, and the flue gas outlet 102 is located on the top plate of the heat exchanger shell 110.
  • the flue gas inlet 101 and the flue gas outlet 102 are approximately aligned in the vertical direction, the flue gas inlet 101 is approximately located at the center of the bottom plate 170 of the heat exchanger shell 110, and the flue gas outlet 102 is approximately located in the heat exchanger shell 110 is the center position of the top plate.
  • the flue gas inlet duct 103 extends from the flue gas inlet 101 to the shielding plate 160 .
  • the shielding plate 160 covers the upper end of the heat exchange unit 104 to prevent the flue gas from directly flowing upward through the heat exchange unit 104 and entering the flue gas outlet 102 .
  • the heat exchange unit 104 includes: a plurality of heat exchange tube layers 1041 that are stacked and arranged in a vertical direction.
  • the heat exchange tube layer 1041 includes a plurality of heat exchange tube rings whose surrounding areas gradually decrease from the outside to the inside in the radial direction and are sleeved one by one.
  • the heat exchange flue includes a spaced flue 1045 located between two upper and lower adjacent heat exchange tube layers 1041 .
  • the interval flue 1045 is roughly a horizontal flue, and of course, it can also be slightly inclined.
  • two heat exchange tube rings may be formed by bending the same heat exchange tube, or may be formed by bending different heat exchange tubes.
  • a plurality of heat exchange tube rings are located at the same height and are nested with each other, so that the interlayer gap (1045) between the upper and lower adjacent two heat exchange tube layers 1041 forms the side wall smoke
  • the heat exchange flue in which the air passage communicates with the flue gas inlet flow passage 103 .
  • the heat exchange tube layer 1041 is placed horizontally as a whole, and may be slightly inclined.
  • the heat exchange tube rings of different heat exchange tube layers 1041 are aligned one by one in the vertical direction (the flue gas flow direction of the flue gas inlet duct 103 or the extension direction of the flue gas inlet duct 103 ). That is, the heat exchange tube rings with the same inner area are aligned up and down.
  • the heat exchange tube rings with the same surrounding area of the different heat exchange tube layers 1041 are stacked in a vertical direction to form a tube ring stack 1040 .
  • the inner heat exchange tube rings of the same area are stacked along the vertical direction to form a tube ring stack 1040 .
  • the heat exchange flue also includes a vertical flue located between two adjacent tube ring stacks 1040, and the vertical flue connects a plurality of spaced flues 1045.
  • the heat exchange tube rings of the upper and lower heat exchange tube layers 1041 can also be staggered, and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by setting an appropriate spacing distance between the heat exchange tube layers.
  • the (interlayer) vertical distance between two adjacent heat exchange tube layers 1041 is smaller than the (suite) horizontal distance between two adjacent tube ring stacks 1040 . Further, by setting a larger spacing between the pipe ring stacks 1040, the flow resistance of the flue gas is reduced, thereby reducing the requirements on the fan. Further, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, the distance between two adjacent heat exchange tube layers 1041 is greater than 0.68 mm and less than 2.66 mm. The heat exchange efficiency of the condensing heat exchanger 100 is ensured by setting an appropriate distance between the heat exchange tube layers 1041 .
  • the heat exchange unit 104 is also provided with spacers for spacing the heat exchange tube rings. (1046, 1047).
  • the spacers may include first spacers 1047 and second spacers 1046 .
  • the heat exchange unit 104 is further provided with a first spacer bar 1047 that separates two adjacent heat exchange tube layers 1041.
  • a first spacer 1047 is provided between every two heat exchange tube layers 1041 .
  • the first spacer bars 1047 between two adjacent heat exchange tube layers 1041 extend substantially horizontally or radially (between layers) and spaced gaps (substantially horizontal gaps/spaced flues 1045 ) form heat exchange flues.
  • a plurality of first spacers 1047 are spaced and distributed along the circumferential direction in each interlayer spacing.
  • the first spacer bar 1047 may be a U-shaped structure, and the U-shaped first spacer bar 1047 is inserted into the spaced gap (roughly the horizontal gap/interval flue 1045 ) between two adjacent layers.
  • the heat exchange unit 104 is further provided with a second spacer bar 1046 fitted and spaced between two adjacent tube ring stacks 1040 .
  • the second spacer bar 1046 extends in the vertical direction.
  • the second spacer bar 1046 is in contact with the tube wall of the tube ring stack 1040, which is beneficial for the condensed water on the heat exchange tube to fall along the second spacer bar 1046, so as to prevent the condensed water from accumulating on the heat exchange tube all the time, thereby preventing the condensed water from accumulating on the heat exchange tube. It is beneficial to improve the condensation efficiency.
  • An inter-suite interval gap is formed between two adjacent tube ring stacks 1040.
  • the second spacer 1046 is a U-shaped structure, and the U-shaped second spacer 1046 is inserted into the space between two adjacent suites.
  • a plurality of second spacer bars 1046 are provided along the circumferential direction to ensure the uniformity of the width of the space between the suites.
  • the heat exchange unit 104 includes a plurality of tube ring stacks 1040 that are sleeved layer by layer in the radial direction.
  • the tube ring stack 1040 includes a plurality of heat exchange tube rings with the same surrounding area that are stacked in sequence along the vertical direction.
  • a vertical flue connecting the upper and lower spaced flues 1045 is provided between two adjacent tube ring stacks 1040 .
  • the heat exchange tube rings of each tube ring stack 1040 are radially aligned with the heat exchange tube rings of the other tube ring stacks 1040 .
  • the heat exchange tube rings located at the same height and sequentially sleeved from the outside to the inside (or from the inside to the outside, along the radial direction) form the heat exchange tube layer 1041 . Furthermore, a plurality of heat exchange tube layers 1041 may form a plurality of tube ring stacks 1040 .
  • the tube ring stack 1040 is formed by a heat exchange tube extending spirally from the water inlet portion 111 to the water outlet portion 112 .
  • the heat exchange tube layers 1041 are formed by the heat exchange tube rings located at the same height from the tube ring stacks 1040 .
  • at least two tube ring stacks 1040 are connected in parallel between the water inlet portion 111 and the water outlet portion 112 .
  • the heat exchange unit 104 includes 6 tube ring stacks 1040a, 1040b, 1040c, 1040d, 1040e, 1040f in parallel, and the input end 1048 of each tube ring stack 1040 located below is connected to the water inlet. 111 , the water outlet ends 1049 located above are all connected to the water outlet portion 112 .
  • At least two of the tube ring stacks 1040 are connected in series between the water inlet portion 111 and the water outlet portion 112 .
  • two tube ring stacks 1040 are formed by bending the same heat exchange tube.
  • some number of tube ring stacks 1040 may be connected in parallel, and some number of tube ring stacks 1040 may be connected in series.
  • the heat exchange unit 104 includes a first partial number of tube ring stacks 1040 in parallel, and a second partial number of tube ring stacks 1040 in parallel.
  • the first part of the tube ring stacks 1040 and the second part of the tube ring stacks 1040 are connected in series between the water inlet part 111 and the water outlet part 112 .
  • each tube ring stack 1040 is formed by a continuous spiral extension of one heat exchange tube as an example, a communication part (similar to the one in FIG. 5) is formed on the side wall of the heat exchanger shell 110
  • the water collecting box of the water outlet part 112 or the water inlet part 111 wherein, three pipe ring stacks 1040 (marked as: the first part of the pipe ring stacks 1040) are connected in parallel between the communicating part and the water outlet part 112, and the three pipe rings
  • the stack 1040 (referred to as the second part of the tube ring stack 1040) is connected in parallel between the communication part and the water inlet part 111, and the first part of the tube ring stack 1040 and the second part of the tube ring stack 1040 are connected through the communication part. concatenate.
  • the heat exchange tube layers 1041a, 1041b, 1041c, 1041d, 1041e, 1041f, 1041g, and 1041h are formed by spirally coiling a heat exchange tube from outside to inside.
  • a plurality of heat exchange tube layers 1041a , 1041b , 1041c , 1041d , 1041e , 1041f , 1041g , and 1041h are stacked and arranged to form a plurality of tube ring stacks 1040 .
  • At least two of the heat exchange tube layers 1041 are connected in parallel between the water inlet part 111 and the water outlet part 112; and/or, at least two of the heat exchange tubes are connected in series between the water inlet part 111 and the water outlet part 112; between the water outlet 112 .
  • each heat exchange tube layer 1041 extends spirally inward from the water inlet end 1048 ′, and the water outlet end 1049 ′ is inside the heat exchange tube layer 1041 and converges upward to communicate with the water outlet 112 uniformly.
  • the water end extends to the left and enters the water inlet 111 of the side wall of the heat exchanger shell 110 .
  • the bottom of the heat exchanger shell 110 is further provided with a condensed water discharge port 113 .
  • the condensed water discharge port 113 is located at the lowest position of the bottom of the heat exchanger shell 110 .
  • the condensed water discharge port 113 is on the bottom plate 170 of the heat exchange shell 110 and is located on one side of the heat exchange unit 104 (the right side in the figure).
  • the condensed water discharge port 113 discharges the condensed water out of the condensing heat exchanger 100 by collecting the confluent condensed water.
  • the bottom of the heat exchanger shell 110 has a bearing surface (the inner surface/upper surface of the bottom plate 170 ) that supports the heat exchange unit 104 .
  • the bearing surface is integrally inclined toward the condensed water discharge port 113 from the side away from the condensed water discharge port 113 .
  • the height of each heat exchange tube layer 1041 (heat exchange unit 104 ) gradually decreases from the side away from the condensed water discharge port 113 to the side close to the condensed water discharge port 113 . Accordingly, the entire heat exchange unit 104 is inclined toward the side where the condensed water discharge port 113 is located.
  • the condensed water discharge port 113 is located on the right side of the heat exchange unit 104, the bottom plate 170 and the heat exchange unit 104 are inclined from left to right, the left is high and the right is low, and the heat exchange tube layer 1041 (the heat exchange unit 104) is inclined by , it is convenient for the condensed water on the heat exchange tube to flow to the (vertical/horizontal) spacers, and then guided by the spacers to the inclined bottom surface of the heat exchanger shell 110, and then guided by the inclined bottom surface to the condensed water discharge port 113, which is convenient for All the condensed water inside the heat exchanger is discharged to improve the condensation efficiency and heat exchange efficiency.
  • the bottom plate 170 of the heat exchanger shell 110 is formed by stamping to form the bearing surface.
  • the bottom plate 170 of the heat exchanger shell 110 is an integral stamping structure.
  • the bottom plate 170 of the heat exchanger shell 110 serves as a receiving plate for condensed water, which is formed by stamping, thereby reducing the welding position of the sheet metal on the bottom plate 170 and preventing water leakage caused by poor welding.
  • the smoke outlet 102 is opened on the bottom plate 170 and has an inward flanging structure, extending into the smoke inlet channel 103 .
  • the inclination angle of the bearing surface and the heat exchange unit 104 (the heat exchange tube layer 1041 ) relative to the horizontal plane is within 10 degrees.
  • the inclination angle of the bearing surface and the heat exchange unit 104 (the heat exchange tube layer 1041 ) relative to the horizontal plane is within 5 degrees.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a water heater, which is a gas-fired water heater.
  • the water heater includes: a primary heat exchanger 200; the condensing heat exchanger 100 in any of the above embodiments .
  • the condensing heat exchanger 100 is located above the primary heat exchanger 200 .
  • the primary heat exchanger 200 may be a fin-tube heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchange tubes of the primary heat exchanger 200 are communicated with the heat exchange unit 104 of the condensing heat exchanger 100 .
  • the primary heat exchanger 200 is communicated downstream of the condensing heat exchanger 100 .
  • combustion part the primary heat exchanger 200 part, and other parts (eg, the pipeline connection part, the control part) of the water heater provided in this embodiment can be selected from any suitable existing structures.
  • the above-mentioned parts will not be repeated here, and the accompanying drawings in the description are also simplified accordingly. It should be understood, however, that the scope of this embodiment is not limited thereby.
  • any numerical value recited herein includes all values of the lower value and the upper value in one unit increments from the lower value to the upper value, where there is an interval of at least two units between any lower value and any higher value, i.e. Can.
  • the number of components or process variables eg, temperature, pressure, time, etc.
  • the intent is to illustrate that the The specification also explicitly lists values such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32, and the like.
  • one unit is appropriately considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1.
  • a plurality of elements, components, components or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, component or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, component or step may be divided into separate multiple elements, components, components or steps.
  • the disclosure of "a” or “an” used to describe an element, ingredient, part or step is not intended to exclude other elements, ingredients, parts or steps.

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Abstract

一种可减低风机要求的冷凝换热器(100)及其热水器，其中，一种冷凝换热器(100)包括：具有烟气进口(101)和烟气出口(102)的换热器壳体(110)；位于所述换热器壳体(110)内部的换热单元(104)；所述换热单元(104)和所述换热器壳体(110)的内侧壁之间具有与所述烟气出口(102)相连通的侧壁排烟流道(105)；所述换热单元(104)围绕在与所述烟气进口(101)相通的进烟流道(103)外；所述侧壁排烟流道(105)围绕在所述换热单元(104)外；所述换热单元(104)内设有将所述进烟流道(103)和所述侧壁排烟流道(105)相连通的换热烟道。

Description

冷凝换热器及其热水器
交叉参考相关引用
本申请要求2020年12月07日提交的申请号为202011417846.7的中国专利申请的优先权，上述申请参考并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及水加热领域，尤其涉及一种冷凝换热器及其热水器。
背景技术
目前，燃气热水器已经被广泛地应用。而燃气热水器中，冷凝式燃气热水器作为高效的燃气燃烧设备，具有较大的节能潜力。与普通的燃气热水器相比，冷凝式燃气热水器在显热换热器上方增设冷凝换热器，能够充分吸收高温烟气的热量，提高整机的换热效率。
但是，目前的冷凝式燃气热水器在烟气流通路径设计上，比较复杂，导致烟气流动烟阻较大，对风机要求较高；而且冷凝水不易排出，冷凝效率较低。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明的一个目的是提供一种可减低风机要求的冷凝换热器及其热水器。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种冷凝换热器及其热水器，以提升冷凝效率。
为达到上述至少一个目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种冷凝换热器，包括：
具有烟气进口和烟气出口的换热器壳体；
位于所述换热器壳体内部的换热单元；所述换热单元和所述换热器壳体的内侧壁之间具有与所述烟气出口相连通的侧壁排烟流道；所述换热单元围绕在与所述烟气进口相通的进烟流道外；所述侧壁排烟流道围绕在所述换热单元外；所述换热单元内设有将所述进烟流道和所述侧壁排烟流道相连通的换热烟道。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热单元靠近所述烟气出口的一端被遮挡板遮盖封 堵；所述进烟流道自所述烟气进口向所述遮挡板延伸。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热单元包括：沿竖直方向层叠排布的多个换热管层；所述换热管层包括沿径向从外向内所围绕面积逐渐减小并逐个套设的多个换热管环；所述换热烟道包括位于上下相邻两个换热管层之间的间隔烟道。
作为一种优选的实施方式，不同所述换热管层的所围绕面积相同的换热管环沿竖直方向层叠设置形成管环叠筒。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述管环叠筒由一根换热管自所述进水部向所述出水部螺旋延伸形成；不同所述管环叠筒位于同一高度的换热管环形成所述换热管层。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热器壳体上设有进水部以及出水部；至少两个管环叠筒并联在所述进水部和所述出水部之间。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热器壳体上设有进水部以及出水部；至少两个所述管环叠筒串联在所述进水部和所述出水部之间。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热单元包括相并联的第一部分数量的管环叠筒、以及相并联的第二部分数量的管环叠筒；所述第一部分数量的管环叠筒与所述第二部分数量的管环叠筒串联在所述进水部和所述出水部之间。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热管层由一根换热管从外向内螺旋盘绕形成。
作为一种优选的实施方式，至少两个所述换热管层并联在所述进水部和所述出水部之间；和/或，至少两个所述换热管串联在所述进水部和所述出水部之间。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热器壳体上设有进水部以及出水部；所述换热单元包括连通于所述进水部和所述出水部之间的换热管。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述进水部靠近所述换热器壳体的底部设置，所述出水部靠近所述换热器壳体的顶部设置。
作为一种优选的实施方式，相邻两个所述换热管层之间的竖直间距小于相邻两个所述管环叠筒之间的水平间距。
作为一种优选的实施方式，相邻两个换热管层之间的竖直间距大于0.68mm且小于2.66mm。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热单元上还设有将相邻两个换热管层相间隔的间隔条。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热单元还设有贴合间隔在相邻两个管环叠筒之间的间隔条。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热器壳体的底部还设有冷凝水排出口；所述冷凝水排出口位于所述换热器壳体的底部的最低位置。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热器壳体的底部具有承载所述换热单元的承载表面；所述承载表面自远离所述冷凝水排出口的一侧向所述冷凝水排出口整体倾斜。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热单元或者至少一个所述换热管层自远离所述冷凝水排出口的一侧向靠近所述冷凝水排出口的一侧的高度逐渐降低。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述换热器壳体的底板通过冲压形成所述承载表面。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述承载表面相对于水平面的倾斜角度在10度以内。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述遮挡板和所述换热器壳体的顶壁之间设有间隔凸起；所述间隔凸起将遮挡板的上方区域分隔形成分别与所述烟气出口相通的顶部流道。
一种热水器，包括：
一级换热器；
如上任意一项实施方式的冷凝换热器，所述冷凝换热器位于所述一级换热器上方。
有益效果：
本申请一个实施例所提供的冷凝换热器中，进烟流道被换热单元所围绕，位于换热单元中心，进而烟气经进烟流道进入换热单元的中心并向四周扩散穿过换热单元进入到侧壁排烟通道，再经烟气出口排出，以此降低烟阻，进而降低对风机的要求。
参照后文的说明和附图，详细公开了本发明的特定实施方式，指明了本发明的原理可以被采用的方式。应该理解，本发明的实施方式在范围上并不因而受到限制。
针对一种实施方式描述和/或示出的特征可以以相同或类似的方式在一个或更多个其它实施方式中使用，与其它实施方式中的特征相组合，或替代其它实施方式中的特征。
应该强调，术语“包括/包含”在本文使用时指特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或更多个其它特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在或附加。
附图说明
在此描述的附图仅用于解释目的，而不意图以任何方式来限制本发明公开的范围。另外，图中的各部件的形状和比例尺寸等仅为示意性的，用于帮助对本发明的理解，并不是具体限定本发明各部件的形状和比例尺寸。本领域的技术人员在本发明的教导下，可以根据具体情况选择各种可能的形状和比例尺寸来实施本发明。
图1是本发明一个实施例提供的热水器部分示意图；
图2是图1的冷凝换热器与一级换热器装配示意图；
图3是图2的冷凝换热器剖面示意图；
图4是图3的部分放大图；
图5是图2的冷凝换热器示意图；
图6是图5的内部俯视图；
图7是图5的换热单元示意图；
图8是图7的分解示意图；
图9是本发明另一个实施例提供的换热单元示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的另一个元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中另一个元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
请参阅图1至图8。本发明一个实施例中提供一种冷凝换热器100，该冷凝换热器100包括：具有烟气进口101和烟气出口102的换热器壳体110；位于所述换热器壳体110内部的换热单元104。其中，所述换热单元104和所述换热器壳体110的内侧壁之间具有与所述烟气出口102相连通的侧壁排烟通道105。所述换热单元104围绕在与所述烟气进口101相通的进烟流道103外；所述侧壁排烟通道105围绕在所述换热单元104外；所述换热单元104内设有将所述进烟流道103和所述侧壁排烟通道105相连通的换 热烟道。
在本实施例中，换热器壳体110整体呈长方体结构，其内部形成容纳换热单元104的容纳空间。换热器壳体110的周侧壁为相对的两对侧壁，相应的换热单元104在换热器壳体110内整体大致呈与换热器壳体110形状相匹配的长方体结构。换热器壳体110具有相对的第一侧壁和第二侧壁、以及相对的第三侧壁和第四侧壁，其中，第一侧壁、第三侧壁、第二侧壁、第四侧壁依次循环排布。
如图5、图6所示，以第一侧壁和第二侧壁为左右侧壁，第三侧壁和第四侧壁为前后侧壁为例，第一侧壁和第二侧壁分别与换热单元104的周侧壁之间形成左右侧壁排烟通道105，第三侧壁和第四侧壁分别与换热单元104的周侧壁之间形成前后侧壁排烟通道105，左侧壁排烟通道105、后侧壁排烟通道105、右侧壁排烟通道105、前侧壁排烟通道105依次连通形成环形侧壁排烟通道105，并将换热单元104所围绕。
本实施例所提供的冷凝换热器100中，进烟流道103被换热单元104所围绕，位于换热单元104中心，进而烟气经进烟流道103进入换热单元104的中心并向四周扩散穿过换热单元104进入到侧壁排烟通道105，再经烟气出口102排出，以此降低烟阻，进而降低对风机的要求。
烟气经过换热单元104内部的换热烟道穿过换热单元104时与换热单元104进行充分换热，本实施例所提供的冷凝换热器100在与烟气进行换热后，换热效率在0.92以上，所排出的烟气温度在21度左右。在拥有相同的一级换热器200的基础上，相比于传统的侧边进烟的冷凝换热器100而言，拥有不低于甚至高于传统换热器的换热效率(在实验中出口烟温相比于传统例降低4摄氏度左右)，而且，本实施例的冷凝换热器100的烟阻更低，在最大负荷下风机转速降低500转，进而低压风机即可满足热水器换热的需求。
该冷凝换热器100可以作为二级换热器与一级换热器200(例如翅片管换热器)相配合与烟气进行换热，将水进行加热。冷凝换热器100可以安装于一级换热器200的上方，对一级换热器200流通来的烟气进行继续换热。该冷凝换热器100通过中间进烟，并向四周流动与换热单元104的换热管进行换热，进而降低烟气流动阻力，以此降低对风机的要求。
在本实施例中，换热单元104包括围绕进烟流道103的多圈换热管(也称换热盘管)。换热管可以为波纹管。如图1、图2所示，所述换热器壳体110上设有进水部111以及出水部112。进水部111用于向换热单元104中输入水(例如冷水)，出水部112用于输出换热单元104与烟气换热后的水。其中，进水部111可以与热水器的冷水输入端相 连通，以输入冷水。出水部112可以与一级换热器200相连通，使得冷凝换热器100流出的水可被一级换热器200继续加热。一级换热器200可以为翅片管换热器。一级换热器200的下方设有燃烧器300，并和燃烧器300之间具有燃烧室400。
所述换热单元104包括连通于所述进水部111和所述出水部112之间的换热管。换热管在遮挡板160的下方将进烟流道103围绕，并在管与管之间形成换热烟道。为提升换热效率，所述进水部111靠近所述换热器壳体110的底部设置，所述出水部112靠近所述换热器壳体110的顶部设置。换热单元104中水的整体流动方向为自下而上流动，烟气的整体流动方向为从下方的烟气进口101向上方的烟气出口102流动，水的整体流动方向与烟气的整体流动方向大致相同，从而可以将经一级换热器200传输来的低温烟气与水进行充分换热。
如图2、图5所示，进水部111和出水部112可以为换热器壳体110的侧壁上的集水盒，集水盒上开设有连接端口1121、1111。提供出水部112的集水盒与提供进水部111的集水盒位于壳体110的同一侧壁上并上下布置。在出水部112上连通有与一级换热器200连通的出水管150，在进水部111上连通有输入冷水的进水管。
换热单元104位于进烟流道103和侧壁排烟通道105之间。烟气出口102位于换热单元104的上方。具体的，烟气出口102位于遮挡板160的上方。其中，遮挡板160和换热器壳体110的顶壁之间具有顶部烟气流通空间，侧壁排烟通道105的烟气向上流动进入到顶部烟气流通空间中通过水平流动向中间汇集，再从中心位置的烟气出口102向外排出。
为避免两侧的烟气相对冲避免排烟不畅，所述遮挡板160和所述换热器壳体110的顶壁之间设有间隔凸起115。所述间隔凸起115将遮挡板160的上方区域分隔形成分别与所述烟气出口102相通的顶部流道。
在面对图3时，间隔凸起115位于遮挡板160上，间隔凸起115沿前后水平方向(垂直于纸面方向)延伸，并将顶部烟气流通空间分为左右侧顶部流道1151、1152。间隔凸起115还设有导流斜面，以对烟气向烟气出口102进行导流。整个左侧烟气(大致侧壁排烟通道105的一半所排出的烟气)进入到左侧顶部流道1151，在流动到间隔凸起115时可被间隔凸起115导流流向烟气出口102，被烟气出口102排出。与左侧顶部流道类似，整个右侧烟气(大致侧壁排烟通道105的另一半所排除的烟气)进入到右侧顶部流道1152，并被间隔凸起115导流到烟气出口102排出。
在本实施例中，烟气进口101位于换热器壳体110的底板170上，烟气出口102位 于换热器壳体110的顶板上。整体上，烟气进口101和烟气出口102在竖直方向上大致对齐，烟气进口101大致位于换热器壳体110的底板170的中心位置，烟气出口102大致位于换热器壳体110的顶板的中心位置。
所述换热单元104靠近所述烟气出口102的一端被遮挡板160遮盖封堵。所述进烟流道103自所述烟气进口101向所述遮挡板160延伸。遮挡板160将换热单元104的上端遮盖，避免烟气直接向上流动穿过换热单元104进入到烟气出口102。
在本实施例中，为提升换热效率，所述换热单元104包括：沿竖直方向层叠排布的多个换热管层1041。如图6所示，所述换热管层1041包括沿径向从外向内所围绕面积逐渐减小并逐个套设的多个换热管环。所述换热烟道包括位于上下相邻两个换热管层1041之间的间隔烟道1045。间隔烟道1045大致为水平烟道，当然也可以略微倾斜设置。在多个换热管环中，两个换热管环可以为同一根换热管弯曲形成，也可以为不同的换热管弯曲形成。
在同一换热管层1041中，多个换热管环位于同一高度并相互套设，进而在上下相邻两个换热管层1041之间的层间间隔间隙(1045)形成将侧壁烟气通道与进烟流道103相连通的换热烟道。换热管层1041整体呈水平放置，也可以稍微倾斜设置。
不同换热管层1041的换热管环在竖直方向(进烟流道103的烟气流动方向、或者进烟流道103的延伸方向)一一对齐。也即，内部面积相同的换热管环上下对齐。不同所述换热管层1041的所围绕面积相同的换热管环沿竖直方向层叠设置形成管环叠筒1040。内部相同面积的换热管环沿竖直方向层叠形成管环叠筒1040。换热烟道还包括位于相邻两个管环叠筒1040之间的竖直烟道，竖直烟道将多个间隔烟道1045相连通。
当然，在其他实施例中，上下两个换热管层1041的换热管环也可以相错开设置，并且可以通过设定合适的换热管层之间的间隔距离来提升换热效率。
在本实施例中，相邻两个所述换热管层1041之间的(层间)竖直间距小于相邻两个所述管环叠筒1040之间的(套间)水平间距。进而通过设置更大的管环叠筒1040之间的间距，来降低烟气流动阻力，借此降低对风机的要求。进一步地，为提升换热效率，相邻两个换热管层1041之间的间距大于0.68mm且小于2.66mm。通过设置适宜的换热管层1041之间的间距，保证冷凝换热器100的换热效率。
为确保换热单元104在水平方向和竖直方向的间隙一致性，进而保证冷凝换热器100的冷凝一致性，换热单元104上还设有将换热管环之间相间隔的间隔条(1046、1047)。间隔条可以包括第一间隔条1047和第二间隔条1046。具体的，所述换热单元104上还 设有将相邻两个换热管层1041相间隔的第一间隔条1047。每两个换热管层1041之间均设有第一间隔条1047。相邻两个换热管层1041之间的第一间隔条1047大致沿水平或径向延伸(层间)间隔间隙(大致为水平间隙/间隔烟道1045)形成换热烟道。为保证层间间隔间隙在圆周方向的一致性，在每个层间间隔间隙中沿圆周方向间隔分布有多个第一间隔条1047。具体的，第一间隔条1047可以为U型结构，U型第一间隔条1047插入相邻两个层间间隔间隙(大致为水平间隙/间隔烟道1045)中。
为提升冷凝效率，所述换热单元104还设有贴合间隔在相邻两个管环叠筒1040之间的第二间隔条1046。第二间隔条1046沿竖直方向延伸。该第二间隔条1046与管环叠筒1040的管壁相贴合，有利于换热管上的冷凝水顺着第二间隔条1046下落，避免冷凝水一直积累在换热管上，进而有利于提升冷凝效率。相邻两个管环叠筒1040之间形成有套间间隔间隙，如上所述，套间间隔间隙的间隙宽度大于层间间隔间隙的间隙宽度，进而可以拥有更低的烟气流动阻力，降低对风机的要求。第二间隔条1046为U型结构，U型第二间隔条1046插入相邻两个套间间隔间隙中。第二间隔条1046沿周向设有多个，以保证套间间隔间隙宽度的一致性。
换而言之，换热单元104包括沿径向逐层套设的多个管环叠筒1040。所述管环叠筒1040包括沿竖直方向依次层叠的多个所围绕面积相同的换热管环。相邻两个管环叠筒1040之间具有连通上下间隔烟道1045的竖直烟道。每个管环叠筒1040的换热管环在径向上与其他管环叠筒1040的换热管环一一对齐。位于同一高度且从外向内(或者从内向外、沿径向)依次套设的换热管环形成换热管层1041。进而，多个换热管层1041可以形成多个管环叠筒1040。
如图7、图8所示，所述管环叠筒1040由一根换热管自所述进水部111向所述出水部112螺旋延伸形成。不同所述管环叠筒1040位于同一高度的换热管环形成所述换热管层1041。进一步地，至少两个管环叠筒1040并联在所述进水部111和所述出水部112之间。在本实施例中，换热单元104包括6个相并联的管环叠筒1040a、1040b、1040c、1040d、1040e、1040f，每个管环叠筒1040位于下方的输入端1048均连通进水部111，位于上方的出水端1049均连通出水部112。
当然，在其他实施例中，至少两个所述管环叠筒1040串联在所述进水部111和所述出水部112之间。例如，两个管环叠筒1040由同一根换热管弯曲形成。在一些其他实施例中，也可以部分数量的管环叠筒1040相并联，部分数量的管环叠筒1040相串联。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述换热单元104包括相并联的第一部分数量的管环叠筒 1040、以及相并联的第二部分数量的管环叠筒1040。所述第一部分数量的管环叠筒1040与所述第二部分数量的管环叠筒1040串联在所述进水部111和所述出水部112之间。
以6个管环叠筒1040，每个管环叠筒1040由1根换热管连续螺旋延伸形成为例，在换热器壳体110的侧壁上形成有连通部(类似于图5的出水部112或进水部111的集水盒)，其中，3个管环叠筒1040(记为：第一部分管环叠筒1040)并联在连通部和出水部112之间，3个管环叠筒1040(记为第二部分管环叠筒1040)并联在连通部和进水部111之间，第一部分管环叠筒1040和第二部分管环叠筒1040通过连通部相连通，进行串联。
在所有管环叠筒1040并联在进水部111和出水部112的实施例中，位于同一换热管层1041的不同的换热管环互相独立，互不连通。通过不同的管环叠筒1040位于同一高度的换热管环所形成。
在另一实施例中，如图9所示，所述换热管层1041a、1041b、1041c、1041d、1041e、1041f、1041g、1041h由一根换热管从外向内螺旋盘绕形成。多个换热管层1041a、1041b、1041c、1041d、1041e、1041f、1041g、1041h层叠排布形成多个管环叠筒1040。至少两个所述换热管层1041并联在所述进水部111和所述出水部112之间；和/或，至少两个所述换热管串联在所述进水部111和所述出水部112之间。
如图9所示，在所有换热管层1041并联在进水部111和出水部112之间的实施例中，每个管环叠筒1040的不同换热管环互相独立，互不连通。每个的换热管层1041自进水端1048’向内部螺旋延伸，出水端1049’在换热管层1041的内部并向上汇集以统一连通出水部112，每个换热管层1041的进水端向左侧延伸通入换热器壳体110侧壁的进水部111。
在本实施例中，所述换热器壳体110的底部还设有冷凝水排出口113。为便于收集排出冷凝水，所述冷凝水排出口113位于所述换热器壳体110的底部的最低位置。冷凝水排出口113在换热壳体110的底板170上并位于换热单元104的一侧(图中为右侧)。冷凝水排出口113通过收集汇流后的冷凝水，将冷凝水排出冷凝换热器100。
如图3所示，为提升冷凝效率，便于收集冷凝水，所述换热器壳体110的底部具有承载所述换热单元104的承载表面(底板170的内表面/上表面)。所述承载表面自远离所述冷凝水排出口113的一侧向所述冷凝水排出口113整体倾斜。每个所述换热管层1041(换热单元104)自远离所述冷凝水排出口113的一侧向靠近所述冷凝水排出口113的一侧的高度逐渐降低。相应地，整个换热单元104朝向冷凝水排出口113所在一侧倾斜。
在图3中，冷凝水排出口113位于换热单元104的右侧，底板170以及换热单元104从左向右倾斜，左高右低，换热管层1041(换热单元104)通过倾斜，便于换热管上的冷凝水流向(竖直/水平)间隔条，再被间隔条导流至换热器壳体110的倾斜底面，再被倾斜底面导流至冷凝水排出口113，便于将换热器内部的冷凝水全部排出，借此提升冷凝效率，提高换热效率。
在本实施例中，所述换热器壳体110的底板170通过冲压形成所述承载表面。换热器壳体110的底板170为一体冲压结构。换热器壳体110的底板170作为冷凝水的承接板，通过冲压形成，进而可以降低底板170上的钣金焊接位置，防止焊接不良造成漏水问题。烟气出口102开设在底板170上，并具有向内的翻边结构，伸入到进烟流道103中。
进一步地，承载表面、换热单元104(换热管层1041)相对于水平面的倾斜角度在10度以内。优选的，承载表面、换热单元104(换热管层1041)相对于水平面的倾斜角度在5度以内。
如图1所示，本发明一个实施例还提供一种热水器，该热水器为燃气热水器，具体的，该热水器包括：一级换热器200；如上任意一项实施例中的冷凝换热器100。所述冷凝换热器100位于所述一级换热器200上方。该一级换热器200可以为翅片管换热器。一级换热器200的换热管与冷凝换热器100的换热单元104相连通，具体的，一级换热器200连通在冷凝换热器100的下游。
需要说明的是，本实施例提供的热水器具有的燃烧部分、一级换热器200部分以及其他部分(例如管路连接部分、控制部分)等可以选用任意合适的现有构造。为清楚简要地说明本实施例所提供的技术方案，在此将不再对上述部分进行赘述，说明书附图也进行了相应简化。但是应该理解，本实施例在范围上并不因此而受到限制。
本文引用的任何数值都包括从下限值到上限值之间以一个单位递增的下值和上值的所有值，在任何下值和任何更高值之间存在至少两个单位的间隔即可。举例来说，如果阐述了一个部件的数量或过程变量(例如温度、压力、时间等)的值是从1到90，优选从20到80，更优选从30到70，则目的是为了说明该说明书中也明确地列举了诸如15到85、22到68、43到51、30到32等值。对于小于1的值，适当地认为一个单位是0.0001、0.001、0.01、0.1。这些仅仅是想要明确表达的示例，可以认为在最低值和最高值之间列举的数值的所有可能组合都是以类似方式在该说明书明确地阐述了的。
除非另有说明，所有范围都包括端点以及端点之间的所有数字。与范围一起使用的 “大约”或“近似”适合于该范围的两个端点。因而，“大约20到30”旨在覆盖“大约20到大约30”，至少包括指明的端点。
披露的所有文章和参考资料，包括专利申请和出版物，出于各种目的通过援引结合于此。描述组合的术语“基本由…构成”应该包括所确定的元件、成分、部件或步骤以及实质上没有影响该组合的基本新颖特征的其他元件、成分、部件或步骤。使用术语“包含”或“包括”来描述这里的元件、成分、部件或步骤的组合也想到了基本由这些元件、成分、部件或步骤构成的实施方式。这里通过使用术语“可以”，旨在说明“可以”包括的所描述的任何属性都是可选的。
多个元件、成分、部件或步骤能够由单个集成元件、成分、部件或步骤来提供。另选地，单个集成元件、成分、部件或步骤可以被分成分离的多个元件、成分、部件或步骤。用来描述元件、成分、部件或步骤的公开“一”或“一个”并不说为了排除其他的元件、成分、部件或步骤。
应该理解，以上描述是为了进行图示说明而不是为了进行限制。通过阅读上述描述，在所提供的示例之外的许多实施方式和许多应用对本领域技术人员来说都将是显而易见的。因此，本教导的范围不应该参照上述描述来确定，而是应该参照所附权利要求以及这些权利要求所拥有的等价物的全部范围来确定。出于全面之目的，所有文章和参考包括专利申请和公告的公开都通过参考结合在本文中。在前述权利要求中省略这里公开的主题的任何方面并不是为了放弃该主体内容，也不应该认为发明人没有将该主题考虑为所公开的发明主题的一部分。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种冷凝换热器，其特征在于，包括：
    具有烟气进口和烟气出口的换热器壳体；
    位于所述换热器壳体内部的换热单元；所述换热单元和所述换热器壳体的内侧壁之间具有与所述烟气出口相连通的侧壁排烟流道；所述换热单元围绕在与所述烟气进口相通的进烟流道外；所述侧壁排烟流道围绕在所述换热单元外；所述换热单元内设有将所述进烟流道和所述侧壁排烟流道相连通的换热烟道。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热单元靠近所述烟气出口的一端被遮挡板遮盖封堵；所述进烟流道自所述烟气进口向所述遮挡板延伸。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热单元包括：沿竖直方向层叠排布的多个换热管层；所述换热管层包括沿径向从外向内所围绕面积逐渐减小并逐个套设的多个换热管环；所述换热烟道包括位于上下相邻两个换热管层之间的间隔烟道。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，不同所述换热管层的所围绕面积相同的换热管环沿竖直方向层叠设置形成管环叠筒。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热器壳体上设有进水部以及出水部；所述管环叠筒由一根换热管自所述进水部向所述出水部螺旋延伸形成；不同所述管环叠筒位于同一高度的换热管环形成所述换热管层。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，至少两个管环叠筒并联在所述进水部和所述出水部之间。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热器壳体上设有进水部以及出水部；至少两个所述管环叠筒串联在所述进水部和所述出水部之间。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热单元包括相并联的第 一部分数量的管环叠筒、以及相并联的第二部分数量的管环叠筒；所述第一部分数量的管环叠筒与所述第二部分数量的管环叠筒串联在所述进水部和所述出水部之间。
  9. 如权利要求3所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热管层由一根换热管从外向内螺旋盘绕形成。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热器壳体上设有进水部以及出水部；至少两个所述换热管层并联在所述进水部和所述出水部之间；和/或，至少两个所述换热管串联在所述进水部和所述出水部之间。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热器壳体上设有进水部以及出水部；所述换热单元包括连通于所述进水部和所述出水部之间的换热管。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述进水部靠近所述换热器壳体的底部设置，所述出水部靠近所述换热器壳体的顶部设置。
  13. 如权利要求4所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，相邻两个所述换热管层之间的竖直间距小于相邻两个所述管环叠筒之间的水平间距。
  14. 如权利要求3所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，相邻两个换热管层之间的竖直间距大于0.68mm且小于2.66mm。
  15. 如权利要求3所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热单元上还设有将相邻两个换热管层相间隔的间隔条。
  16. 如权利要求4所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热单元还设有贴合间隔在相邻两个管环叠筒之间的间隔条。
  17. 如权利要求3所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热器壳体的底部还设有冷凝水排出口；所述冷凝水排出口位于所述换热器壳体的底部的最低位置。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热器壳体的底部具有承载所述换热单元的承载表面；所述承载表面自远离所述冷凝水排出口的一侧向所述冷凝水排出口整体倾斜。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热单元或者至少一个所述换热管层自远离所述冷凝水排出口的一侧向靠近所述冷凝水排出口的一侧的高度逐渐降低。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述换热器壳体的底板通过冲压形成所述承载表面。
  21. 如权利要求18所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述承载表面相对于水平面的倾斜角度在10度以内。
  22. 如权利要求2所述的冷凝换热器，其特征在于，所述遮挡板和所述换热器壳体的顶壁之间设有间隔凸起；所述间隔凸起将遮挡板的上方区域分隔形成分别与所述烟气出口相通的顶部流道。
  23. 一种热水器，其特征在于，包括：
    一级换热器；
    如权利要求1至22任意一项的冷凝换热器，所述冷凝换热器位于所述一级换热器上方。
PCT/CN2021/114193 2020-12-07 2021-08-24 冷凝换热器及其热水器 WO2022121376A1 (zh)

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