CN107429695A - 真空泵 - Google Patents

真空泵 Download PDF

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CN107429695A
CN107429695A CN201580077973.8A CN201580077973A CN107429695A CN 107429695 A CN107429695 A CN 107429695A CN 201580077973 A CN201580077973 A CN 201580077973A CN 107429695 A CN107429695 A CN 107429695A
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pump
rotor
rotor body
bearing
vavuum pump
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CN107429695B (zh
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G.佩罗尼
R.斯夸尔奇尼
G.阿梅尼奥
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Pierburg Pump Technology GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4031Pump units characterised by their construction or mounting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/34Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/344Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C25/00Adaptations of pumps for special use of pumps for elastic fluids
    • F04C25/02Adaptations of pumps for special use of pumps for elastic fluids for producing high vacuum
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/0007Injection of a fluid in the working chamber for sealing, cooling and lubricating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • F04C29/025Lubrication; Lubricant separation using a lubricant pump
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4018Pump units characterised by their drive mechanisms
    • B60T8/4027Pump units driven by (parts of) the vehicle propulsion unit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及机械式汽车真空泵(10),具有壳体装置(9),其包围泵送室(11),并可旋转地支撑泵转子(16),泵转子具有转子本体(22),转子本体具有轴承区段(35)和腔室区段(36)。转子本体(22)在腔室区段(36)处具有径向轮叶狭缝(19),其中,可径向偏移的泵轮叶(18)被支撑,在轴承区段(35)处,转子本体具有柱形轴承表面(39),其与壳体装置(9)的柱形轴承表面(37)一起限定出摩擦轴承(38)。转子本体轴承区段(35)具有圆形润滑环槽(60),壳体轴承表面(37)具有对应的润滑入口开口(6),对应的润滑入口开口位于与环槽(66)相同的横向平面中,并与环槽(60)相对,入口开口(66)在真空泵(10)的壳体装置(9)处直接连接到润滑剂泵连接器(70)。

Description

真空泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机械式汽车真空泵,其具有包围泵送室并可旋转地支撑泵转子的壳体装置。
背景技术
机械式汽车真空示由机动车的发动机驱动。在多数情况下,汽车发动机是内燃机。
EP0264749A2公开了一种具有泵转子的汽车真空泵,泵转子具有腔室区段和轴承区段。转子本体具有柱形轴承表面,其与泵壳体的对应轴承表面一起在泵转子的一个轴向端部限定出摩擦轴承。泵润滑通过首先被注入转子内部的润滑剂实现。从转子内部,润滑剂经由泵转子和轮叶或泵壳体之间的间隙被压入泵送室中。从泵送室,润滑剂与加压空气一起经由空气出口被泵送到出口室。从出口室,润滑剂被泵送到设置在泵壳体的柱形轴承表面处的圆环槽。其中,摩擦轴承处的润滑剂压力直接取决于泵的气动出口压力。
发明内容
本发明之目的是改进机械式汽车真空泵的气动密封的质量和可靠性。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的机械式汽车真空泵来实现。
根据权利要求1,真空泵具有包围泵送室的壳体装置。壳体装置可旋转地支撑具有转子本体的泵,在轴向方向上观看时,转子本体在功能上与轴承区段和腔室区段分开。在腔室区段,转子本体具有径向轮叶狭缝,其中,可径向偏移的泵轮叶被支撑。在轴承区段,转子本体具有柱形轴承表面,其与壳体装置的对应柱形轴承表面一起限定出径向摩擦轴承。在转子本体轴承区段处,设置了圆形润滑环槽。在壳体侧轴承表面处,设置了对应的润滑入口开口,其位于与环槽相同的横向平面中,并与环槽直接径向相对地布置。
与环槽相对的入口开口直接流体连接到真空泵的壳体装置处的润滑剂泵连接器。润滑剂泵连接器没有设置在真空泵的旋转部分处,而是设置在真空泵的非旋转部分处。术语“直接流体连接”在此意味着来自润滑剂泵连接器的润滑剂基本上没有空气,并且基本上具有从润滑剂泵输送到真空泵的流体压力。没有空气的润滑剂从入口开口流到环槽中。
该布置确保了摩擦轴承处的润滑剂压力直接对应于由润滑剂泵在真空泵壳体装置的润滑剂泵连接器处提供的润滑剂压力。这保证摩擦轴承总是用恒定且相对高的润滑剂压力来润滑。由于摩擦轴承处的润滑剂具有相对高的压力水平,所以可以避免摩擦轴承中的润滑剂压力下降到泵送室中的气动压力以下。结果,没有加压空气从泵送室流到摩擦轴承的轴承间隙中,使得在真空泵领域中实现泵送室的可靠的、紧密的且良好的气动密封。
根据优选实施例,润滑环槽通过连接通道流体连接到轮叶狭缝,连接通道用于流体地连接环槽和轮叶狭缝。连接通道可以实现为转子本体的外表面处的轴向连接沟槽。连接通道给转子本体的轮叶区段提供润滑剂供应,使得径向轮叶狭缝和泵轮叶之间的间隙被高压力润滑剂填充。
优选地,润滑环槽在轴向上更靠近摩擦轴承的腔室侧端部,而不是摩擦轴承的另一轴向端部。优选地,润滑环槽位于摩擦轴承的第一轴向端部,使得润滑环槽布置得更靠近腔室区段,而不是转子本体的联接侧轴向端部。润滑环槽越靠近腔室区段,摩擦轴承区域中的气动密封质量越好。
根据本发明的优选实施例,柱形腔室区段的转子本体直径dR与柱形轴承区段的转子本体直径dB相同,使得转子本体的径向表面在基本上整个转子本体长度上限定出平滑柱形。柱形转子本体比较简单,且生产起来便宜。由于摩擦轴承的直径比较大,所以摩擦轴承的机械质量也比较高。
优选地,转子本体由塑料制成,并通过注塑成型制造。塑料转子本体比较轻,使得泵转子的加速和减速不像金属转子本体那样耗能。结果,真空泵的机械联接结构在机械上更好地免受磨损和损坏的影响。
优选地,仅提供单个径向摩擦轴承,使得泵转子的仅一个轴向端部被径向支撑,而泵转子的另一轴向端部区段没有被径向轴承径向支撑。泵转子具有悬臂支撑结构。由于仅提供单个径向轴承,所以真空泵的结构简化,从而生产起来更便宜。
优选地,轮叶狭缝在一个轴向狭缝端部处轴向敞开,使得轮叶的一个轴向前端在轴向上与壳体装置直接轴向接触,优选地与壳体帽盖直接轴向接触。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,泵转子本体具有轴向轴承环表面,其由壳体装置的对应的轴向轴承环表面轴向支撑。两个轴承环表面一起限定出轴向摩擦轴承,其布置在与转子腔室区段相对的轴向转子端部处。在环状轴向摩擦轴承的径向内部,没有设置壳体壁,使得转子本体的该轴向端部处的机械联接结构对于驱动器件的对应联接结构是可接近的。当真空泵已组装到汽车发动机时,对应联接结构经由泵联接结构机械地驱动泵转子。
优选地,轮叶狭缝由分离的狭缝本体限定,狭缝本体由金属制成,其插入塑料转子本体并固定到塑料转子本体。塑料转子本体允许具有比较轻的泵转子本体,而金属狭缝本体确保可偏移泵轮叶的耐用且持久的支撑结构。
附图说明
参考附图解释根据本发明的机械式汽车真空泵的一个实施例。
附图示出机械式汽车真空泵的纵向横截面。
具体实施方式
附图示出机械式汽车真空泵10,其提供了低于100mbar的总压力,以例如给气动制动伺服装置供应低压力。机械真空泵10由汽车发动机(例如通过内燃机)机械驱动。
真空泵10包括静止壳体装置9,其支撑并基本上容纳可旋转泵转子16。壳体装置9包括用于径向包围泵转子12的复杂主体12以及用于轴向封闭壳体装置9的一个轴向端部的分离的帽盖14。
泵转子16包括塑料泵转子本体22,其在转子本体22的整个轴向长度上具有基本柱形且平滑外表面。结果,转子本体22在腔室区段36处的外柱形直径dR与转子本体22在轴承区段35处的外柱形直径dB相同。
转子本体22在轴向上具有两个功能隔离件,即轴承区段35和腔室区段36。在腔室区段36中,转子本体22具有轮叶狭缝19,以支撑可径向偏移的泵轮叶18,其与转子本体22在由壳体主体12限定的泵送室11中共同旋转。在该实施例中,轮叶狭缝19由固定到塑料转子本体22的分离的金属狭缝本体20限定。
在轴承区段35中,转子本体22具有柱形轴承表面39,其与壳体主体12的对应柱形轴承表面37一起限定出径向摩擦轴承38。转子本体22被支撑悬挂,使得泵转子16的仅单个轴向端部被径向轴承38支撑,而泵转子16的另一轴向端部不具有径向轴承。
转子本体22的轴承侧前端具有轴向轴承环表面42,其被由壳体主体12限定的对应轴向轴承环表面41轴向地支撑。轴承环表面41、42一起限定轴向摩擦环轴承。转子本体22的轴承侧前端的中心具有联接结构54,以联接泵驱动器件的对应联接结构。转子本体22的另一前端由帽盖14轴向支撑。
转子本体22具有位于轴承区段35的圆形润滑环槽60。环槽60轴向布置成靠近转子本体22的腔室区段36,并且在本实施例中布置在摩擦轴承38的邻近腔室区段36的第一轴向端部。转子本体22的外表面还具有轴向连接通道62,金属狭缝本体20具有连续的轴向连接通道64,使得经由轴向连接通道62、64在环槽60和轮叶狭缝19之间设置流体连接。
壳体侧径向轴承表面37具有润滑剂入口开口66,其与环槽60径向相对,从而位于与环槽60相同的横向平面中。入口开口66在壳体主体12经由壳体主体12内的润滑剂通道68流体地且直接连接到润滑剂泵连接器70。当真空泵10安装到汽车发动机时,润滑剂泵连接器70经由润滑剂导管72流体地连接到润滑剂泵74。润滑剂泵74从润滑剂罐76泵送液体润滑剂到真空泵10的润滑剂泵连接器70。
当润滑剂泵74泵送时,润滑剂被泵送到润滑剂泵连接器70,并经由润滑剂通道68和入口开口66直接泵送到环槽60。润滑剂由此填充摩擦轴承38的轴承表面37、39之间的柱形间隙,然后流入泵送室11中。润滑剂的一部分经由连接通道62、64流到轮叶狭缝19,从而润滑泵轮叶18和轮叶狭缝19之间的间隙。

Claims (11)

1.机械式汽车真空泵(10),具有壳体装置(9),其包围泵送室(11),并可旋转地支撑泵转子(16),泵转子具有转子本体(22),转子本体具有轴承区段(35)和腔室区段(36),其中,
所述转子本体(22)在腔室区段(36)处具有径向轮叶狭缝(19),其中,可径向偏移的泵轮叶(18)被支撑,在轴承区段(35)处,转子本体具有柱形轴承表面(39),其与壳体装置(9)的柱形轴承表面(37)一起限定出摩擦轴承(38),
转子本体轴承区段(35)具有圆形润滑环槽(60),壳体轴承表面(37)具有对应的润滑入口开口(6),对应的润滑入口开口位于与环槽(66)相同的横向平面中,并与环槽(60)相对,并且
所述入口开口(66)在真空泵(10)的壳体装置(9)处直接连接到润滑剂泵连接器(70)。
2.如权利要求1所述的机械式汽车真空泵(10),其中,润滑环槽(60)通过连接通道(62)流体地连接到轮叶狭缝(19),连接通道用于流体地连接到环槽(60)和轮叶狭缝(19)。
3.如权利要求2所述的机械式汽车真空泵(10),其中,所述连接通道(62)是转子本体(22)处的轴向连接沟槽。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的机械式汽车真空泵(10),其中,润滑环槽(60)在轴向上更靠近摩擦轴承(38)的腔室侧端部,而不是摩擦轴承(38)的另一轴向端部,并且优选地位于摩擦轴承(38)的第一轴向端部中。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的机械式汽车真空泵(10),其中,柱形腔室区段(36)的转子本体直径(dR)与柱形轴承区段(35)的转子本体直径(dB)相同,使得转子本体(22)的径向表面在整个转子本体长度上限定出平滑柱形。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的机械式汽车真空泵(10),其中,所述转子本体(22)由塑料制成。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的机械式汽车真空泵(10),其中,仅设置单个径向摩擦轴承(38),使得泵转子(16)的仅一个轴向端部被径向支撑,而泵转子(16)的另一轴向端部未被径向地支撑。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的机械式汽车真空泵(10),其中,所述轮叶狭缝(19)在一个轴向狭缝端部轴向地敞开,使得轮叶(18)的一个轴向前端在轴向上与壳体装置(9)直接轴向接触,优选地与壳体帽盖(14)直接轴向接触。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的机械式汽车真空泵(10),其中,泵转子本体(22)的轴承区段(35)具有轴向轴承环表面(42),其由壳体装置(9)的对应的轴向轴承环表面(41)轴向地支撑。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的机械式汽车真空泵(10),其中,所述轮叶狭缝(19)由分离的狭缝本体(20)限定,分离的狭缝本体由金属制成,并插入塑料转子本体(22)中。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的机械式汽车真空泵(10),其中,所述泵转子本体(22)的轴承区段(35)具有机械联接结构(50),其允许将泵转子(16)机械地联接到对应的驱动器件。
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