CN107429590B - 排气净化系统 - Google Patents

排气净化系统 Download PDF

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CN107429590B
CN107429590B CN201680015223.2A CN201680015223A CN107429590B CN 107429590 B CN107429590 B CN 107429590B CN 201680015223 A CN201680015223 A CN 201680015223A CN 107429590 B CN107429590 B CN 107429590B
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maf
nox
control
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flow rate
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CN107429590A (zh
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中田辉男
坂本隆行
长冈大治
游座裕之
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404Removing only nitrogen compounds
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

一种排气净化系统,包括:NOx催化剂(32),其被设置在内燃机(10)的排气通道中并净化排气中的NOx,MAF传感器(40),其取得内燃机(10)的空气流量,以及控制部(60、70),其并用使内燃机(10)的空气流量减少到预定的目标空气流量的空气系统控制、和使燃料喷射量增加的喷射系统控制,执行使NOx催化剂(32)的NOx净化能力恢复的催化剂再生处理;控制部(60、70)在执行催化剂再生处理的情况下,从空气系统控制开始,若由MAF传感器(40)取得的空气流量减少到目标空气量,则开始喷射系统控制。

Description

排气净化系统
技术领域
本发明涉及排气净化系统。
背景技术
以往,作为对从内燃机排出的排气中的氮化物(NOx)进行还原净化的催化剂,已知NOx吸收还原型催化剂。NOx吸收还原型催化剂在排气为稀燃环境时吸收排气中含有的NOx,并且,在排气为浓燃环境时用排气中含有的烃(HC)通过还原净化将已吸收的NOx无害化并排放。因此,在催化剂的NOx吸收量达到了预定量的情况下,为了使NOx吸收能力恢复,需要定期地进行通过远后喷射或排气管喷射来使排气成为浓燃状态的所谓NOx净化(例如,参照专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2008-202425号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2002-266629号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
作为这种装置,已知如下装置:在执行NOx净化时,并用使吸入空气量减少到预定的目标进气量的空气系统控制、和使燃料喷射量增加的喷射系统控制,来使排气λ降低到NOx净化所需的期望的目标λ。
在并用这样的空气系统控制和喷射系统控制的装置中,若在利用空气系统控制使吸入空气量减少到目标进气量之前开始了喷射系统控制下的浓燃喷射,则存在无法有效地使排气降低到期望的目标λ,引起燃料经济性的恶化的问题。
本公开的排气净化系统的目的在于通过可靠地防止在利用空气系统控制使吸入空气量降低到目标进气量之前开始喷射系统控制,从而有效地抑制燃料经济性的恶化。
用于解决课题的手段
本公开的排气净化系统包括:NOx催化剂,其被设置在内燃机的排气通道中并净化排气中的NOx,取得部件,其取得上述内燃机的空气流量,以及催化剂再生部件,其并用使上述内燃机的空气流量减少到预定的目标空气流量的空气系统控制、和使燃料喷射量增加的喷射系统控制,执行使上述NOx催化剂的NOx净化能力恢复的催化剂再生处理;上述催化剂再生部件在执行上述催化剂再生处理的情况下,从上述空气系统控制开始,若由上述取得部件取得的空气流量减少到上述目标空气量,则开始上述喷射系统控制。
此外,本公开的排气净化系统包括:NOx催化剂,其被设置在内燃机的排气通道中并净化排气中的NOx,取得部,其取得上述内燃机的空气流量,以及控制部;上述控制部进行动作,以便并用使上述内燃机的空气流量减少到预定的目标空气流量的空气系统控制、和使燃料喷射量增加的喷射系统控制,执行使上述NOx催化剂的NOx净化能力恢复的催化剂再生处理;上述控制部在执行上述催化剂再生处理的情况下,从上述空气系统控制开始,若由上述取得部取得的空气流量减少到上述目标空气量,则开始上述喷射系统控制。
发明效果
根据本公开的排气净化系统,能够可靠地防止在利用空气系统控制使吸入空气量降低到目标进气量之前开始喷射系统控制,从而能够有效地抑制燃料经济性的恶化。
附图说明
图1是表示本实施方式的排气净化系统的整体构成图。
图2是说明本实施方式的NOx净化控制的时序图。
图3是表示本实施方式的NOx净化稀燃控制时的MAF(Mass Air Flow:空气流量)目标值的设定处理的框图。
图4是表示本实施方式的NOx净化浓燃控制时的目标喷射量的设定处理的框图。
图5是说明本实施方式的MAF追随控制的从稀燃状态向浓燃状态的切换的流程图。
图6是说明本实施方式的NOx净化浓燃控制的开始处理的流程图。
图7是说明本实施方式的MAF追随控制的从浓燃状态向稀燃状态的切换的流程图。
图8是表示本实施方式的喷射器的喷射量学习校正的处理的框图。
图9是说明本实施方式的学习校正系数的运算处理的流程图。
图10是表示本实施方式的MAF校正系数的设定处理的框图。
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图说明本发明的一实施方式的排气净化系统。
如图1所示,在柴油引擎(以下,简称为引擎)10的各气缸中,分别设置有将由未图示的共轨(Common Rail)蓄压的高压燃料向各气筒内直接喷射的喷射器11。这些各喷射器11的燃料喷射量或燃料喷射定时根据从电子控制单元(以下,称为ECU(ElectronicControl Unit))50输入的指示信号而被控制。
在引擎10的进气歧管10A上连接有导入新气的进气通道12,在排气歧管10B上连接有将排气向外部导出的排气通道13。在进气通道12中,从进气上游侧起依次设置有空气过滤器14、吸入空气量传感器(以下,称为MAF传感器)40、可变容量型增压器20的压缩机20A、中冷器15、进气节气门16等。在排气通道13中,从排气上游侧起依次设置有可变容量型增压器20的涡轮20B、排气后处理装置30等。此外,在图1中,附图标记41表示引擎转速传感器,附图标记42表示油门开度传感器,附图标记46表示增压压力传感器。
EGR(Exhaust Gas Recirculation:排气再循环)装置21包括:EGR通道22,其连接排气歧管10B和进气歧管10A;EGR冷却器23,其冷却EGR气体;以及EGR阀24,其调整EGR量。
排气后处理装置30是通过在外壳30A内从排气上游侧起依次配置氧化催化剂31、NOx吸收还原型催化剂32、颗粒过滤器(以下,简称为过滤器)33而构成的。此外,在比氧化催化剂31靠上游侧的排气通道13中,设置有根据从ECU50输入的指示信号向排气通道13内喷射未燃燃料(主要是HC)的排气管喷射装置34。
氧化催化剂31例如是通过在蜂窝结构体等陶瓷制承载体表面承载氧化催化剂成分而形成的。若通过排气管喷射装置34或喷射器11的远后喷射向氧化催化剂31供给未燃燃料,则氧化催化剂31将该未燃燃料氧化而使排气温度上升。
NOx吸收还原型催化剂32例如是通过在蜂窝结构体等陶瓷制承载体表面承载碱金属等而形成的。该NOx吸收还原型催化剂32在排气空燃比为稀燃状态时吸收排气中的NOx,并且,在排气空燃比为浓燃状态时用排气中含有的还原剂(HC等)来对已吸收的NOx进行还原净化。
过滤器33例如是通过将由多孔质性的分隔壁划分的多个单元沿着排气的流动方向配置并将这些单元的上游侧和下游侧交替地孔封闭而形成的。过滤器33在分隔壁的细孔或表面捕集排气中的PM,并且,若PM堆积推定量达到预定量,则被执行将该PM燃烧除去的所谓的过滤器强制再生。通过利用排气管喷射或远后喷射向上游侧的氧化催化剂31供给未燃燃料,并将流入到过滤器33的排气温度升温到PM燃烧温度,从而进行过滤器强制再生。
第1排气温度传感器43被设置在比氧化催化剂31靠上游侧的位置,对流入到氧化催化剂31中的排气温度进行检测。第2排气温度传感器44被配置在NOx吸收还原型催化剂32与过滤器33之间,检测向过滤器33流入的排气温度。NOx/λ传感器45被设置在比过滤器33靠下游侧的位置,对通过了NOx吸收还原型催化剂32的排气的NOx值及λ值(以下,也称为空气过剩率)进行检测。
ECU50进行引擎10的喷射控制或催化剂再生处理的各种控制,被构成为包括公知的CPU或ROM、RAM、输入接口、输出接口等。为了进行这些各种控制,传感器类40~46的传感器值被输入到ECU50中。此外,ECU50中作为一部分功能要素而具有NOx净化稀燃控制部60、NOx净化浓燃控制部70、MAF追随控制部80、喷射量学习校正部90、以及MAF校正系数运算部95。这些各功能要素作为被包含在作为一体硬件的ECU50中的要素来说明,但是,还能够将这些之中的任何一部分设置为单独的硬件。
[NOx净化控制]
NOx净化稀燃控制部60、及NOx净化浓燃控制部70是本发明的催化剂再生部件,执行如下控制(以下,将该控制称为NOx净化控制):通过使排气成为浓燃环境以通过还原净化将已被NOx吸收还原型催化剂32吸收的NOx无害化并排放,从而使NOx吸收还原型催化剂32的NOx吸收能力恢复。
NOx净化控制下的排气浓燃化是通过并用NOx净化稀燃控制和NOx净化浓燃控制而实现的,在该NOx净化稀燃控制中,利用空气系统控制使空气过剩率从正常运转时(例如,约1.5)降低到比理论空燃比相当值(约1.0)靠稀燃侧的第1目标空气过剩率(例如,约1.3),在该NOx净化浓燃控制中,利用喷射系统控制使空气过剩率从第1目标空气过剩率降低到浓燃侧的第2目标空气过剩率(例如,约0.9)。
在本实施方式中,例如在如下情况下,从通过激活NOx净化稀燃标志FNPL(参照图2的时刻t1)而使吸入空气量减少的NOx净化稀燃控制开始NOx净化控制:从引擎10的运转状态推定每单位时间的NOx排出量,且将其累计计算的推定累计值ΣNOx超过了预定的阈值的情况,或者,根据从引擎10的运转状态推定的催化剂上游侧的NOx排出量、和由NOx/λ传感器45检测的催化剂下游侧的NOx量来运算NOx吸收还原型催化剂32的NOx净化率,且该NOx净化率变得比预定的判定阈值低的情况。若利用NOx净化稀燃控制使空气过剩率降低到第1目标空气过剩率,则通过激活NOx净化浓燃标志FNPR而开始使燃料喷射量增加的NOx净化浓燃控制(参照图2的时刻t2)。
以下,说明这些NOx净化稀燃控制、及NOx净化浓燃控制的细节。
[NOx净化稀燃控制的MAF目标值设定]
图3是表示由NOx净化稀燃控制部60进行的MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt的设定处理的框图。第1目标空气过剩率设定图表61是基于引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q而被参照的图表,预先基于实验等而设定有与这些引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q对应的NOx净化稀燃控制时的空气过剩率目标值λNPL_Trgt
首先,将引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q作为输入信号而从第1目标空气过剩率设定图表61读取NOx净化稀燃控制时的空气过剩率目标值λNPL_Trgt,并输入到MAF目标值运算部62。进一步,在MAF目标值运算部62中,基于以下的算式(1)来运算NOx净化稀燃控制时的MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt
MAFNPL_Trgt=λNPL_Trgt×Qfnl_corrd×RoFuel×AFRsto/Maf_corr…(1)
在算式(1)中,Qfnl_corrd表示后述的被学习校正后的燃料喷射量(除了远后喷射之外),RoFuel表示燃料比重,AFRsto表示理论空燃比,Maf_corr表示后述的MAF校正系数。
若NOx净化稀燃标志FNPL变成激活(参照图2的时刻t1),则将由MAF目标值运算部62运算出的MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt输入到斜度处理部63。斜度处理部63将引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q作为输入信号而从各斜度系数图表63A、63B读取斜度系数,并且,将附加有该斜度系数的MAF目标斜度值MAFNPL_Trgt_Ramp输入到阀控制部64。
阀控制部64为了使得从MAF传感器40输入的实际MAF值MAFAct达到MAF目标斜度值MAFNPL_Trgt_Ramp,而执行将进气节气门16向闭侧节流,并且,将EGR阀24向开侧打开的反馈控制。
这样,在本实施方式中,基于从第1目标空气过剩率设定图表61读取的空气过剩率目标值λNPL_Trgt、和各喷射器11的燃料喷射量来设定MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt,并基于该MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt来反馈控制空气系统动作。由此,不必在NOx吸收还原型催化剂32的上游侧设置λ传感器,或者,即使在NOx吸收还原型催化剂32的上游侧设置有λ传感器的情况下,也不必使用该λ传感器的传感器值,就能够有效地使排气降低到NOx净化稀燃控制所需的期望的空气过剩率。
此外,通过将学习校正后的燃料喷射量Qfnl_corrd用作各喷射器11的燃料喷射量,从而能够用前馈控制来设定MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt,能够有效地排除各喷射器11的经年劣化或特性变化等的影响。
此外,通过对MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt附加根据引擎10的运转状态而设定的斜度系数,从而能够有效地防止因吸入空气量的急剧变化而导致的引擎10的失火或因力矩变动而导致的驾驶性的恶化等。
[NOx净化浓燃控制的燃料喷射量设定]
图4是表示由NOx净化浓燃控制部70进行的排气管喷射或远后喷射的目标喷射量QNPR_Trgt(每单位时间的喷射量)的设定处理的框图。第2目标空气过剩率设定图表75是基于引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q而被参照的图表,预先基于实验等而设定有与这些引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q对应的NOx净化浓燃控制时的空气过剩率目标值λNPR_Trgt
首先,将引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q作为输入信号而从第2目标空气过剩率设定图表75读取NOx净化浓燃控制时的空气过剩率目标值λNPR_Trgt并输入到喷射量目标值运算部76。进一步,在喷射量目标值运算部76中,基于以下的算式(2)来运算NOx净化浓燃控制时的目标喷射量QNPR_Trgt
QNPR_Trgt=MAFNPL_Trgt×Maf_corr/(λNPR_Trgt×RoFuel×AFRsto)-Qfnl_corrd…(2)
在算式(2)中,MAFNPL_Trgt是NOx净化稀燃MAF目标值,被从上述的MAF目标值运算部62输入。此外,Qfnl_corrd表示后述的被学习校正后的MAF追随控制应用前的燃料喷射量(除了远后喷射之外),RoFuel表示燃料比重,AFRsto表示理论空燃比,Maf_corr表示后述的MAF校正系数。
若通过NOx净化稀燃控制而由MAF传感器40检测的实际MAF值MAFAct降低到MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt,且NOx净化浓燃标志FNPR变成激活,则将由喷射量目标值运算部76运算的目标喷射量QNPR_Trgt作为喷射指示信号发送到排气管喷射装置34或各喷射器11(图2的时刻t2)。持续该喷射指示信号的发送,直到NOx净化浓燃标志FNPR由于后述的NOx净化控制的结束判定而被关闭(图2的时刻t3)为止。
这样,在本实施方式中,基于从第2目标空气过剩率设定图表75读取的空气过剩率目标值λNPR_Trgt、和各喷射器11的燃料喷射量来设定目标喷射量QNPR_Trgt。由此,不必在NOx吸收还原型催化剂32的上游侧设置λ传感器,或者,即使在NOx吸收还原型催化剂32的上游侧设置有λ传感器的情况下,也不必使用该λ传感器的传感器值,就能够有效地使排气降低到NOx净化浓燃控制所需的期望的空气过剩率。
此外,通过将学习校正后的燃料喷射量Qfnl_corrd用作各喷射器11的燃料喷射量,从而能够用前馈控制控制来设定目标喷射量QNPR_Trgt,能够有效地排除各喷射器11的经年劣化或特性变化等的影响。
[NOx净化控制的结束判定]
若(1)从NOx净化浓燃标志FNPR的激活起累计排气管喷射或远后喷射的喷射量,该累计喷射量达到了预定的上限阈值量的情况、(2)从NOx净化控制的开始起计时的经过时间达到了预定的上限阈值时间的情况、(3)基于含有引擎10的运转状态、NOx/λ传感器45的传感器值等作为输入信号的预定的模型公式运算的NOx吸收还原型催化剂32的NOx吸收量降低到表示NOx除去成功的预定的阈值的情况之中的任何一个条件成立,则关闭NOx净化稀燃标志FNPL、及NOx净化浓燃标志FNPR而结束NOx净化控制(参照图2的时刻t3)。
这样,在本实施方式中,通过在NOx净化控制的结束条件中设置了累计喷射量、及经过时间的上限,从而在因排气温度的降低等而NOx净化未成功的情况下,能够可靠地防止燃料消耗量变得过剩。
[MAF追随控制]
MAF追随控制部80在(1)从通常运转的稀燃状态向NOx净化控制下的浓燃状态的切换期间、及(2)从NOx净化控制下的浓燃状态向通常运转的稀燃状态的切换期间,执行根据MAF变化来对各喷射器11的燃料喷射定时及燃料喷射量进行校正的控制(以下,将该控制称为MAF追随控制)。
若由于NOx净化稀燃控制的空气系统动作而向引擎10的燃烧室内导入了大量的EGR气体时,则若在与通常运转的稀燃状态相同的燃料喷射定时的话,会产生点火推迟。因此,在从稀燃状态切换到浓燃状态的情况下,需要使喷射定时提前预定量。此外,在从浓燃状态切换到通常的稀燃状态时,需要利用推迟角将喷射定时恢复到通常的喷射定时。但是,喷射定时的提前、推迟比空气系统动作更迅速地进行。因此,在通过空气系统动作而空气过剩率达到目标空气过剩率之前,喷射定时的提前或推迟会完成,存在导致驾驶性因NOx发生量或燃烧噪声或力矩等的急增加而恶化的问题。
为了避免这样的现象,如图5、7的流程图所示,MAF追随控制部80执行根据MAF变化来对喷射定时的提前或推迟、喷射量进行增减校正的MAF追随控制。
首先,基于图5、6,说明NOx净化稀燃控制开始时的MAF追随控制、及NOx净化浓燃控制的开始处理。
在步骤S100中,若NOx净化稀燃标志FNPL被激活,则在步骤S110中,开始使吸入空气量减少的NOx净化稀燃控制。
在步骤S120中,通过从切换后(浓燃状态)的MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt减去切换前(稀燃状态)的MAF目标值MAFL_Trgt,从而运算切换前后的MAF目标值变化量ΔMAFTrgt(=MAFNPL_Trgt-MAFL_Trgt)。
在步骤S130中,运算当前的实际MAF变化率ΔMAFRatio。更详细而言,通过从由MAF传感器40检测的当前的实际MAF值MAFAct减去切换前的MAF目标值MAFL_Trgt,从而运算从MAF追随控制的开始起到当前为止的实际MAF变化量ΔMAFAct(=MAFAct-MAFL_Trgt)。然后,通过对该实际MAF变化量ΔMAFAct除以切换前后的MAF目标值变化量ΔMAFTrgt,从而运算实际MAF变化率ΔMAFRatio(=ΔMAFAct/ΔMAFTrgt)。
在步骤S140中,根据当前的实际MAF变化率ΔMAFRatio来设定使各喷射器11的喷射定时提前或推迟的系数(以下,称为喷射定时追随系数Comp1)、及使各喷射器11的喷射量增加或减少的系数(以下,称为喷射量追随系数Comp2)。更详细而言,在ECU50的未图示的存储部中存储有预先通过实验等制作的规定了实际MAF变化率MAFRatio与喷射定时追随系数Comp1的关系的喷射定时追随系数设定图表M1、及规定了实际MAF变化率MAFRatio与喷射量追随系数Comp2的关系的喷射量追随系数设定图表M2。通过从这些图表M1、M2分别读取与在步骤S130中运算出的实际MAF变化率ΔMAFRatio对应的值,从而设定喷射定时追随系数Comp1、及喷射量追随系数Comp2
在步骤S150中,各喷射器11的喷射定时被提前与对目标提前量乘以了喷射定时追随系数Comp1的量对应的量,并且,各喷射器11的燃料喷射量也被提前与对目标喷射增加量乘以了喷射量追随系数Comp2的量对应的量。
然后,在步骤S160中,判定由MAF传感器40检测的当前的实际MAF值MAFAct是否达到了切换后(浓燃状态)的MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt。在实际MAF值MAFAct没有达到MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt的情况下(否),经由步骤S170而返回到步骤S130。即,通过重复步骤S130-S150的处理直到实际MAF值MAFAct达到MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt为止,从而持续进行与时时刻刻变化的实际MAF变化率MAFRatio相应的喷射定时的提前、及喷射量的增加。
在步骤S170中,判定从MAF追随控制的开始起由计时器计时的累计时间TSum是否超过了预定的上限时间TMax
在从稀燃状态向浓燃状态转移时,有的情况下,在阀控制推迟等的影响下实际MAF值MAFAct赶不上转移期间中的MAF目标值MAFL-R_Trgt,实际MAF值MAFAct被维持在比MAF目标值MAFL-R_Trgt高的状态。若在这样的状态下持续进行MAF追随控制,则实际的燃料喷射量不会被增加到目标喷射量,引擎10的燃烧变得不稳定,有可能导致力矩变动或驾驶性的恶化等。
在本实施方式中,为了避免这样的现象,在步骤S170中被判定为累计时间TSum超过了上限时间TMax的情况下(是),即,在实际MAF值MAFRef持续预定时间没有变化预定值以上的情况下,进入步骤S180,将喷射定时追随系数Comp1、及喷射量追随系数Comp2强制性地设定为“1”。由此,强制性地结束MAF追随控制,能够有效地防止力矩变动或驾驶性的恶化。
另一方面,在步骤S160的判定中,若实际MAF值MAFRef达到MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt(是),则为了开始NOx净化浓燃控制,而进入步骤S190,激活NOx净化浓燃标志FNPR
若NOx净化浓燃标志FNPR被激活,则本控制进入图6所示的步骤S191。
在步骤S191中,开始基于目标喷射量QNPR_Trgt通过远后喷射或排气管喷射使燃料喷射量增加的NOx净化浓燃控制。
在步骤S192中,判定在NOx净化浓燃控制的执行中由MAF传感器40检测的实际MAF值MAFAct是否收敛到NOx净化稀燃控制的MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt以下。
如果实际MAF值MAFAct被维持在MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt以下的状态(是),则进入步骤S193,继续进行NOx净化浓燃控制。然后,在步骤S194中,重复执行步骤S192、S193的处理,直到上述的NOx净化控制的结束条件成立为止。
另一方面,在步骤S192中,在被判定为实际MAF值MAFAct比MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt增加的情况下(否),进入步骤S195,判定实际MAF值MAFAct相对于MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt的增加量ΔMAFINC(=MAFAct-MAFNPL_Trgt)是否超过了预定的上限阈值ΔMAFMAX
在增加量ΔMAFINC超过了上限阈值ΔMAFMAX的情况下(是),即使继续进行NOx净化浓燃控制,也无法使排气降低到NOx净化所需的λ。在该情况下,为了抑制徒劳的燃料消耗,在步骤S196中,强制性地使NOx净化浓燃控制及NOx净化稀燃控制结束(或中止),本控制结束。
另一方面,如果增加量ΔMAFINC在上限阈值ΔMAFMAX的范围内,若使NOx净化浓燃控制立即结束,则到此为止进行的排气浓燃喷射变得徒劳,有可能导致燃料经济性的恶化。在该情况下,为了使NOx净化浓燃控制继续进行,本控制进入步骤S193。即,如果增加量ΔMAFINC是微量,则使NOx净化浓燃控制继续进行。
在本实施方式中,通过在这样利用NOx净化稀燃控制使实际MAF值MAFAct可靠地减少到MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt后开始NOx净化浓燃控制,从而能够有效地防止徒劳的排气浓燃喷射,能够可靠地提高燃料经济性。
此外,在NOx净化浓燃控制的开始后,即使实际MAF值MAFAct增加,只要其增加量ΔMAFINC是微量,则通过使NOx净化浓燃控制继续进行,从而能够可靠地防止NOx净化控制被频繁地中止。
接下来,基于图7,说明因NOx净化控制的结束而从浓燃状态向稀燃状态切换时的MAF追随控制。
在步骤S200中,若NOx净化浓燃标志FNPR、及NOx净化浓燃标志FNPL被关闭,则在步骤S210中,为了计测MAF追随控制的经过时间而开始利用计时器进行计时。
在步骤S220中,通过从切换后(稀燃状态)的MAF目标值MAFL_Trgt减去切换前(浓燃状态)的MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt,从而算出切换前后的MAF目标值变化量ΔMAFTrgt(=MAFL_Trgt-MAFNPL_Trgt)。
在步骤S230中,运算当前的实际MAF变化率ΔMAFRatio。更详细而言,通过从由MAF传感器40检测的当前的实际MAF值MAFAct减去切换前的MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt,从而运算从MAF追随控制的开始起到当前为止的实际MAF变化量ΔMAFAct(=MAFAct-MAFNPL_Trgt)。然后,通过对该实际MAF变化量ΔMAFAct除以切换前后的MAF目标值变化量ΔMAFTrgt,从而运算实际MAF变化率ΔMAFRatio(=ΔMAFAct/ΔMAFTrgt)。
在步骤S240中,从喷射定时追随系数设定图表M1读取与实际MAF变化率ΔMAFRatio对应的值,作为喷射定时追随系数Comp1,并且,从喷射量追随系数设定图表M2读取与实际MAF变化率ΔMAFRatio对应的值,作为喷射量追随系数Comp2
在步骤S250中,各喷射器11的喷射定时被推迟对目标推迟量乘以喷射定时追随系数Comp1的量对应的量,并且,各喷射器11的燃料喷射量也被推迟对目标喷射减少量乘以喷射量追随系数Comp2的量对应的量。
然后,在步骤S260中,判定由MAF传感器40检测的当前的实际MAF值MAFAct是否达到了切换后(稀燃状态)的MAF目标值MAFL_Trgt。在实际MAF值MAFAct没有达到MAF目标值MAFL_Trgt的情况下(否),经由步骤S270而返回到步骤S230。即,通过重复步骤S230-S250的处理直到实际MAF值MAFAct达到MAF目标值MAFL_Trgt为止,从而持续进行与时时刻刻变化的实际MAF变化率MAFRatio相应的喷射定时的推迟、及喷射量的减少。在后记述关于步骤S270的处理的细节。另一面,在步骤S260的判定中,若实际MAF值MAFRef达到了MAF目标值MAFL_Trgt(是),则本控制结束。
在步骤S270中,判定从MAF追随控制的开始起由计时器计时的累计时间TSum是否超过了预定的上限时间TMax
在从稀燃状态向浓燃状态转移时,有的情况下,在阀控制推迟等的影响下实际MAF值MAFAct赶不上移行期间中的MAF目标值MAFL-R_Trgt,维持实际MAF值MAFAct比MAF目标值MAFL-R_Trgt低的状态。若在这样的状态下持续进行MAF追随控制,则实际的燃料喷射量变得比目标喷射量多,有可能导致力矩变动或驾驶性的恶化等。
在本实施方式中,为了避免这样的现象,在步骤S270中被判定为累计时间TSum超过了上限时间TMax的情况下(是),即,在实际MAF值MAFRef持续预定时间没有变化预定值以上的情况下,进入步骤S280,将喷射定时追随系数Comp1、及喷射量追随系数Comp2强制性地设定为“1”。由此,强制性地结束MAF追随控制,能够有效地防止力矩变动或驾驶性的恶化。
[喷射量学习校正]
图8所示,喷射量学习校正部90具有学习校正系数运算部91、以及喷射量校正部92。
学习校正系数运算部91在引擎10的稀燃运转时基于由NOx/λ传感器45检测的实际λ值λAct与推定λ值λEst的误差Δλ来运算燃料喷射量的学习校正系数FCorr。在排气为稀燃状态时,由于排气中的HC浓度非常低,所以,在氧化催化剂31中因HC的氧化反应而导致的排气λ值的变化小到能够忽视的程度。因此,认为通过了氧化催化剂31并由下游侧的NOx/λ传感器45检测的排气中的实际λ值λAct、与从引擎10排出的排气中的推定λ值λEst一致。即,在这些实际λ值λAct与推定λ值λEst产生了误差Δλ的情况下,能够假定为是因对各喷射器11的指示喷射量与实际喷射量之差而导致的误差。以下,基于图9的流程来说明由学习校正系数运算部91进行的使用了该误差Δλ的学习校正系数的运算处理。
在在步骤S300中,基于引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q,判定引擎10是否处于稀燃运转状态。如果处于稀燃运转状态,则为了开始学习校正系数的运算,进入步骤S310。
在步骤S310中,通过对从推定λ值λEst减去由NOx/λ传感器45检测的实际λ值λAct后的误差Δλ,乘以学习值增益K1及校正灵敏度系数K2,从而运算学习值FCorrAdpt(FCorrAdpt=(λEst-λAct)×K1×K2)。推定λ值λEst是根据与引擎转速Ne、油门开度Q相应的引擎10的运转状态而推定运算的。此外,校正灵敏度系数K2是将由NOx/λ传感器45检测的实际λ值λAct作为输入信号而从图8所示的校正灵敏度系数图表91A读取的。
在步骤S320中,判定学习值FCorrAdpt的绝对值|FCorrAdpt|是否处于预定的校正极限值A的范围内。在绝对值|FCorrAdpt|超过校正极限值A的情况下,本控制被返回而中止本次的学习。
在步骤S330中,判定学习禁止标志FPro是否关闭。作为学习禁止标志FPro,例如有引擎10的过渡运转时、NOx净化控制时(FNP=1)等。原因在于,在这些条件成立的状态下,误差Δλ由于实际λ值λAct的变化而变大,不能进行准确的学习。关于引擎10是否处于过渡运转状态,例如基于由NOx/λ传感器45检测的实际λ值λAct的时间变化量,在该时间变化量大于预定的阈值的情况下判定为过渡运转状态即可。
在步骤S340中,将基于引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q而被参照的学习值图表91B(参照图8)更新为在步骤S310中运算出的学习值FCorrAdpt。更详细而言,在该学习值图表91B上设定有根据引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q划分的多个学习区域。这些学习区域优选越是使用频度多的区域则其范围被设定得越窄,越是使用频度少的区域则其范围被设定得越宽。由此,能够在使用频度较多的区域中提高学习精度,能够在使用频度较少的区域中有效地防止未学习。
在步骤S350中,通过对将引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q作为输入信号而从学习值图表91B读取的学习值加上“1”,从而运算学习校正系数FCorr(FCorr=1+FCorrAdpt)。将该学习校正系数FCorr输入到图8所示的喷射量校正部92。
喷射量校正部92通过对引燃喷射QPilot、预喷射QPre、主喷射QMain、后喷射QAfter、远后喷射QPost的各基本喷射量乘以学习校正系数FCorr,从而执行这些燃料喷射量的校正。
这样,通过用与推定λ值λEst同实际λ值λAct的误差Δλ相应的学习值来对各喷射器11校正燃料喷射量,从而能够有效地排除各喷射器11的经年劣化或特性变化、个体差等的偏差。
[MAF校正系数]
MAF校正系数运算部95运算在NOx净化控制时的MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt或目标喷射量QNPR_Trgt的设定中所使用的MAF校正系数Maf_corr
在本实施方式中,各喷射器11的燃料喷射量被基于由NOx/λ传感器45检测的实际λ值λAct与推定λ值λEst的误差Δλ而校正。但是,由于λ是空气与燃料之比,所以,误差Δλ的原因不一定仅限于对各喷射器11的指示喷射量与实际喷射量之差的影响。即,对于λ的误差Δλ,不仅各喷射器11而且MAF传感器40的误差也可能有影响。
图10是表示由MAF校正系数运算部95进行的MAF校正系数Maf_corr的设定处理的框图。校正系数设定图表96是基于引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q而被参照的图表,预先基于实验等设定有表示与这些引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q对应的MAF传感器40的传感器特性的MAF校正系数Maf_corr
MAF校正系数运算部95将引擎转速Ne及油门开度Q作为输入信号而从校正系数设定图表96读取MAF校正系数Maf_corr,并且,将该MAF校正系数Maf_corr发送到MAF目标值运算部62及喷射量目标值运算部76。由此,能够在NOx净化控制时的MAF目标值MAFNPL_Trgt或目标喷射量QNPR_Trgt的设定中有效地反映MAF传感器40的传感器特性。
[其它]
另外,本发明不限定于上述的实施方式,能够在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内适当变形而实施。
本申请基于2015年03月13日申请的日本专利申请(特愿2015-050412),将其内容作为参照援引于此。
工业实用性
本发明的排气净化系统具有能够可靠地防止在利用空气系统控制使吸入空气量降低到目标进气量之前开始喷射系统控制这种效果,在能够有效地抑制燃料经济性的恶化这一点是有用的。
附图标记说明
10 引擎
11 喷射器
12 进气通道
13 排气通道
16 进气节气门
24 EGR阀
31 氧化催化剂
32 NOx吸收还原型催化剂
33 过滤器
34 排气管喷射装置
40 MAF传感器
45 NOx/λ传感器
50 ECU

Claims (1)

1.一种排气净化系统,包括:
NOx催化剂,其被设置在内燃机的排气通道中并净化排气中的NOx,
取得部件,其取得上述内燃机的空气流量,以及
催化剂再生部件,其并用使上述内燃机的空气流量减少到预定的目标空气流量的空气系统控制、和使燃料喷射量增加的喷射系统控制,执行使上述NOx催化剂的NOx净化能力恢复的催化剂再生处理;
上述催化剂再生部件在执行上述催化剂再生处理的情况下,从使空气过剩率从正常运转时的值降低到第1目标空气过剩率的上述空气系统控制开始,若由上述取得部件取得的空气流量减少到上述目标空气量,则开始使上述空气过剩率从上述第1目标空气过剩率降低到第2目标空气过剩率的上述喷射系统控制,
上述催化剂再生部件在开始了上述喷射系统控制后,如果由上述取得部件取得的空气流量相对于上述目标空气流量的增加量在预定的阈值以下,则使该喷射系统控制继续进行,在由上述取得部件取得的空气流量相对于上述目标空气流量的增加量超过了预定的阈值的情况下,使该喷射系统控制强制结束。
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