CN107415374B - 硬质多层复合医用夹板材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

硬质多层复合医用夹板材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107415374B
CN107415374B CN201710436791.6A CN201710436791A CN107415374B CN 107415374 B CN107415374 B CN 107415374B CN 201710436791 A CN201710436791 A CN 201710436791A CN 107415374 B CN107415374 B CN 107415374B
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夏琳
辛振祥
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Qingdao University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及硬质多层复合医用夹板材料及其制备方法，多层复合医用夹板材料由三层组成，最内层包括天然杜仲橡胶复合料、抗菌剂和交联剂，中间层包括天然杜仲橡胶复合料、发泡剂和交联剂，最外层包括天然杜仲橡胶复合料、钛白粉和交联剂。本发明的多层复合医用夹板材料具有优良的抗菌性和机械性能，可广泛应用于医疗夹板的制作中。

Description

硬质多层复合医用夹板材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医用夹板，尤其涉及硬质多层复合医用夹板材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
医用夹板是国内外治疗骨骼损伤广泛使用的一种外固定器，传统的医用夹板是木板或者树皮，在使用过程中存在笨重、透气性差以及板间压力靠医生多年经验确定等缺陷。
传统医用夹板材料以石膏、木材为主，这些材料大多属于无机或硬质材料，比重大、人体舒适性差，而且夹板一旦定型就难以再次赋形，无形中提高了医用夹板的成本。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中医用夹板笨重、透气性差的问题，本发明提供一种采用天然杜仲橡胶为基体材料，具有抗菌性、重量轻、成本低、使用方便、可循环使用的硬质多层复合医用夹板材料。
本发明的技术方案如下：
硬质多层复合医用夹板材料，由三层组成，最内层包括天然杜仲橡胶复合料、抗菌剂和交联剂，中间层包括天然杜仲橡胶复合料、发泡剂和交联剂，最外层包括天然杜仲橡胶复合料、交联剂和钛白粉。
优选的是：抗菌剂为天然抗菌剂，包括甲壳素、芥末、蓖麻油、山葵的至少一种。
优选的是：交联剂包括硫黄、过氧化二异丙苯、过氧化苯甲酰的至少一种。
优选的是：发泡剂包括化学发泡剂或物理微球发泡剂，化学发泡剂包括AC，物理微球发泡剂包括Expanel发泡微珠。
优选的是：钛白粉的具体参数如下：
TiO2含量≥97％；
亮度≥95％；
消色力≥100；
105℃挥发物≤0.5％；
水悬浮物pH值＝6.0-8.0；
吸油量≤24g/100g；
筛余物(0.045mm筛孔)≤0.05％；
水萃取液电阻率≥60Ω·m；
金红石含量≥97％。
优选的是：天然杜仲橡胶的门尼粘度为100。
优选的是：天然杜仲橡胶复合料为天然杜仲橡胶与POE或PE共混而成的复合料，两相之间的配比为：70-95:5-30；两相之间的配比优选为：95/5、90/10、80/20或70/30；天然杜仲橡胶的门尼粘度优选为100；PE优选为LDPE。
优选的是：最内层中，天然杜仲橡胶复合料、抗菌剂、交联剂的质量份数分别为：100:0.5-5:0.2-0.8。
优选的是：中间层中，天然杜仲橡胶复合料、发泡剂、交联剂的质量份数分别为：100:0.5-2：0.2-0.8。
优选的是：最外层中，天然杜仲橡胶、钛白粉、交联剂的质量份数分别为：100：2-5:0.2-0.8
本发明还提供制备上述多层复合医用夹板材料的方法，高速混合、三层共挤、热空气硫化等工艺得到，具体步骤如下：
(1)三层材料的分别共混：采用高速混合机将天然杜仲胶复合材料及各种助剂混合，得到三种共混物料。
(2)将三层材料通过三个塑化系统的挤出机，从机头处共同挤出板材，立刻转入热空气硫化系统。
(3)采取热空气硫化工艺，在热空气中同步实现芯层的发泡和硫化，在100-150度，时间3分钟-10分钟。
杜仲胶作为一类天然高分子，有着比重小、生物相容性与形状记忆性能优异的特性。将杜仲胶基形状记忆材料应用于医用夹板中，不仅可以解决上述传统夹板材料的缺陷，而且拓宽了医用夹板材料的应用范围以及循环使用性。天然杜仲胶基体的层状复合材料，其低比重、易赋形、高强度等特性可应用于形状记忆医用夹板中。
天然杜仲胶自身比重远低于传统夹板材料，而且中间层采用化学发泡或物理微孔发泡技术，能够进一步降低材料的比重；天然杜仲胶作为生物基体材料，能够提高人体舒适性；最外层的设计中加入钛白粉，能够提高夹板的美观度。最为重要的是，天然杜仲胶在适当交联剂作用下具有极佳的形状记忆性能，能够在60-70℃的水中进行赋形，赋形完毕后可以用纱布直接固定于伤处，有十分可观的循环使用性。另外这类夹板材料不仅可以使用在不可弯曲(直臂)的伤处，而且可以使用在骨头连接处(如手肘、指关节)，并且可以重复使用。
本申请制备了三层结构的形状记忆材料，每一层都有不同的配方、作用、性能。本申请中，复合材料的最内层和最外层的形状记忆机理：可以采用交联网络结构作为固定相，也可以采用熔点较高的LDPE相或POE相作为固定相。
本发明采用物理共混、三层共挤、芯层发泡、热空气硫化的方法，制备具有低比重、可循环使用，且具有层状结构的天然杜仲胶基形状记忆医用夹板。采用三层共挤的方法制备形状记忆复合材料，本申请的方法机械化程度高，可实现形状记忆复合材料的连续化生产。
本发明的使用方法：在60-70度热水中，软化后，固定伤处，用纱布捆绑夹板材料，自然冷却、固定即可。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能变化图；
图2是实施例2的材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能变化图；
图3是实施例1的材料形状记忆性能图；
图4是实施例2的材料形状记忆性能图；
图5是本发明工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例中提到的对照样是指传统木质板材夹板。
实施例1：
配方：
最内层:天然杜仲胶90g、PE10g、抗菌剂3g、交联剂0.4g
中间层:天然杜仲胶90g、PE10g、发泡剂1g、交联剂0.4g最外层：天然杜仲胶90g、PE10g、、钛白粉2g、交联剂0.4g
性能：
(1)抗菌性：
实施例1产品与对照样的抗菌性比较如下：
菌数 大肠杆菌 金黄色葡萄球菌
对照样 6.7*10<sup>5</sup>cfu/mL 4.3*10<sup>5</sup>cfu/mL
实施例1 94cfu/mL 92cfu/mL
(2)物理机械性能：
实施例1产品的物理机械性能如下：
拉伸强度 24.5MPa
撕裂强度 64.5kN/m
100％定伸应力 4.1MPa
300％定伸应力 4.2MPa
断裂伸长率 450％
(3)形状记忆性能：
实施例1产品的形状记忆性能如下：
形状固定率在95％，形状回复率在90％。
实施例2：
配方：
最内层:天然杜仲胶90g、POE10g、抗菌剂3.5g、交联剂0.4g
中间层:天然杜仲胶90g、POE10g、发泡剂1g、交联剂0.4g最外层：天然杜仲胶90g、POE10g、、钛白粉2g、交联剂0.4g
性能：
(1)抗菌性：
(2)物理机械性能：
实施例2产品的物理机械性能如下：
拉伸强度 22.5MPa
撕裂强度 58kN/m
100％定伸应力 3.8MPa
300％定伸应力 4.0MPa
断裂伸长率 500％
(3)形状记忆性能：
实施例2产品的形状记忆性能如下：
形状固定率在93％，形状回复率在79％。
由实施例1和实施例2可知，本发明的多层复合医用夹板材料具有优良的抗菌性和机械性能，可广泛应用于医疗夹板的制作中。

Claims (6)

1.硬质多层复合医用夹板材料，其特征在于：由三层组成，最内层包括天然杜仲橡胶复合料、抗菌剂和交联剂，中间层包括天然杜仲橡胶复合料、发泡剂和交联剂，最外层包括天然杜仲橡胶复合料、钛白粉和交联剂；最内层中，天然杜仲橡胶复合料、抗菌剂、交联剂的质量份数分别为：100：0.5-5：0.2-0.8；中间层中，天然杜仲橡胶复合料、发泡剂和交联剂的质量份数分别为：100：0.5-2：0.2-0.8；最外层中，天然杜仲橡胶复合料、钛白粉和交联剂的质量份数分别为：100：2-5：0.2-0.8；天然杜仲橡胶复合料为天然杜仲橡胶与POE或PE共混而成的复合料，两相之间的配比为：70-95:5-30；具体步骤如下：(1)三层材料的分别共混：采用高速混合机将天然杜仲胶复合材料及各种助剂混合，得到三种共混物料；(2)将三层材料通过三个塑化系统的挤出机，从机头处共同挤出板材，立刻转入热空气硫化系统；(3)采取热空气硫化工艺，在热空气中同步实现芯层的发泡和硫化，在100-150度，时间3分钟-10分钟。
2.如权利要求1所述的硬质多层复合医用夹板材料，其特征在于：抗菌剂包括甲壳素、芥末、蓖麻油、山葵的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的硬质多层复合医用夹板材料，其特征在于：交联剂包括硫黄、过氧化二异丙苯、过氧化苯甲酰的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的硬质多层复合医用夹板材料，其特征在于：发泡剂为AC或者Expanel发泡微珠。
5.如权利要求1所述的硬质多层复合医用夹板材料，其特征在于：钛白粉的具体参数如下：
TiO2含量≥97％；
亮度≥95％；
消色力≥100；
105℃挥发物≤0.5％；
水悬浮物pH值＝6.0-8.0；
吸油量≤24g/100g；
筛余物，0.045mm筛孔≤0.05％；
水萃取液电阻率≥60Ω·m；
金红石含量≥97％。
6.如权利要求1所述的硬质多层复合医用夹板材料，其特征在于：两相之间的配比为：95/5、90/10、80/20或70/30；天然杜仲橡胶的门尼粘度为100；PE为LDPE。
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