CN107412252A - 用于粘弹性补充疗法的聚合物溶液 - Google Patents

用于粘弹性补充疗法的聚合物溶液 Download PDF

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CN107412252A
CN107412252A CN201710356501.7A CN201710356501A CN107412252A CN 107412252 A CN107412252 A CN 107412252A CN 201710356501 A CN201710356501 A CN 201710356501A CN 107412252 A CN107412252 A CN 107412252A
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S.福格特
T.克卢格
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Abstract

本发明公开了用于粘弹性补充疗法的聚合物溶液。该聚合物溶液含有至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖或多糖衍生物、一种水溶性聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐和水,由此该聚合物溶液目视清澈。此外,本发明描述了该聚合物溶液的灭菌方法。这种方法的特征在于将至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖或多糖衍生物、一种水溶性聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐和水的混合物与至少0.5重量%β‑丙醇酸内酯混合,且将该聚合物溶液在室温下储存至少24小时。

Description

用于粘弹性补充疗法的聚合物溶液
本发明的主题是用于粘弹性补充疗法(visco-supplementation),尤其用于治疗关节病的聚合物溶液。
关节病(变形性关节病)是广泛存在的关节退行性疾病。其与软骨表面受损(侵蚀)、软骨粒子脱落和由软骨粒子造成的滑膜发炎相关联。在轻度和中度关节病的情况下,多年来已尝试在关节内注射透明质酸(粘弹性补充疗法)以改善患者的疼痛状况并同时减轻关节病的发展。
透明质酸是关节液(滑液)的天然成分。透明质酸充当滑液中的润滑剂。特别有利的是,透明质酸水溶液是粘弹性的。这带来极好的润滑和滑动性质。
基于有利的润滑性质,透明质酸水溶液已用于粘弹性补充疗法接近二十年。根据现有技术,使用通过发酵产生的透明质酸。此外,水溶性纤维素衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素和甲基纤维素,[和]淀粉衍生物,如羟乙基淀粉用于粘弹性补充疗法看起来原则上也可行。
通常在粘弹性补充疗法中使用无菌透明质酸水溶液。与透明质酸水溶液的使用相关的一个问题在于这些在注入关节间隙后相对较短时间就被固有的透明质酸酶酶促降解并且由于这一过程,所需润滑作用降低。因此,需要对固有的透明质酸酶更稳定的聚合物水溶液。
本发明的目的是开发含有无法被透明质酸酶降解的至少部分水溶性聚合物的聚合物水溶液。待开发的聚合物溶液应该与透明质酸水溶液相比对透明质酸酶更稳定。
本发明的另一目的是找出在水溶液中彼此相容的至少部分水溶性聚合物的组合。这意味着这些聚合物组合绝不能造成水溶液中的聚合物之一或两者的絮凝。该聚合物组合必须形成目视清澈的聚合物水溶液。
本发明的另一目的是开发将待开发的聚合物溶液灭菌的方法。所述方法应该能将该聚合物溶液灭菌而不造成任何变色。该灭菌方法必须确保这两种至少部分水溶性聚合物不会由于该灭菌过程而从聚合物溶液中絮凝并且这些聚合物继续保持在溶液中。
根据权利要求1实现本发明的目的。
本发明是一种用于粘弹性补充疗法,尤其用于治疗关节病的聚合物溶液。所述聚合物溶液含有
a) 至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖或多糖衍生物或至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖和至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖衍生物的混合物;
b) 至少一种水溶性聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐;和
c) 水。
已经令人惊讶地发现,含有水溶性多糖,如透明质酸和水溶性多糖衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素和羟乙基纤维素,和聚苯乙烯磺酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐的聚合物水溶液形成目视清澈的非絮凝溶液。此外,发现含有透明质酸和聚苯乙烯磺酸的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐的水溶液相对于透明质酸酶引起的降解稳定。
同样地,本发明还是一种聚合物溶液,其由下列成分构成
a) 至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖或至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖衍生物或至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖和至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖衍生物的混合物;
b) 至少一种水溶性聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐;
c) 水;
d) 任选地,3-羟基丙酸;
e) 任选地,至少一种消炎药;
f) 任选地,至少一种抗生素;
g) 任选地,至少一种免疫抑制剂;
h) 任选地,至少一种细胞生长抑制剂。
本发明还是一种聚合物溶液,其含有
a) 至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖或多糖衍生物;
b) 至少一种水溶性聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐;
c) 水;和
d) 3-羟基丙酸
根据本发明,多糖是天然多糖和多糖衍生物。根据本发明,多糖衍生物应被理解为是多糖的盐、醚、酸酯或酯,特别是碱金属盐,特别是钠盐和钾盐。实例包括藻酸、藻酸钠、透明质酸、透明质酸的钠盐、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素的钠盐、羟乙基纤维素、纤维素醚、淀粉、淀粉醚、瓜尔胶、甲壳质、壳聚糖。
该多糖或多糖衍生物优选选自透明质酸的钠盐、羧甲基纤维素的钠盐、羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基淀粉和甲基纤维素。
根据本发明,该多糖和多糖衍生物也可以是所述多糖的混合物或所述多糖衍生物的混合物或至少一种所述多糖和至少一种所述多糖衍生物的混合物。
多糖和多糖盐的摩尔质量Mn优选为20,000至3,000,000道尔顿。其特别优选为50,000至2,000,000道尔顿。
透明质酸盐的摩尔质量Mn优选为100,000至2,000,000道尔顿。其特别优选为500,000至1,500,000道尔顿。
根据本发明,聚苯乙烯磺酸盐是具有下列结构单元的聚合物的盐:
在本文中,n代表重复结构单元数且M+代表碱金属和碱土金属离子。聚苯乙烯磺酸盐优选具有20,000至3,000,000道尔顿的摩尔质量Mn。该聚苯乙烯磺酸盐优选具有50,000至2,000,000道尔顿的平均摩尔质量Mn
钠盐、钾盐和镁盐优选作为聚苯乙烯磺酸的碱金属和碱土金属盐。钠盐和钾盐特别优选。
该聚合物溶液的特征在于多糖或多糖衍生物或所述混合物与聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐的质量比为1.0比1.0至1比0.0001。
优选地,该聚合物溶液的总聚合物含量为0.1至10重量%,特别优选为0.25至5重量%。
有利地,该聚合物溶液含有至少一种消炎药、至少一种抗生素、至少一种免疫抑制剂(antisuppressant)、至少一种细胞生长抑制剂或所述试剂的混合物。
所述至少一种消炎药优选选自非甾体消炎药和糖皮质激素。相关实例包括乙酰水杨酸、布洛芬、双氯芬酸、酮洛芬、磷酸地塞米松、氟羟脱氢皮质甾醇、泼尼松、氢化可的松、醋酸氢化可的松和氟替卡松。特别优选地,所述至少一种消炎药选自磷酸地塞米松和氟羟脱氢皮质甾醇。
该聚合物溶液可含有常见抗生素,如硫酸庆大霉素。其它实例包括氨基糖苷类抗生素和林可胺类抗生素。但是,所述至少一种抗生素优选选自四环素类抗生素,其特别优选选自强力霉素、金霉素和土霉素。
此外,其中可含有免疫抑制剂和细胞生长抑制剂。特别优选的实例包括阿霉素、环孢素、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprin)、丝裂霉素C、他克莫司、西罗莫司和依维莫司。
该聚合物溶液特别优选含有选自磷酸地塞米松、氟羟脱氢皮质甾醇、强力霉素、金霉素、土霉素、阿霉素、环孢素、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、硫唑嘌呤、丝裂霉素C、他克莫司、西罗莫司和依维莫司的至少一种试剂。
消炎药,特别是磷酸地塞米松和氟羟脱氢皮质甾醇在该聚合物溶液用于粘弹性补充疗法的过程中可对受损软骨组织中的炎症过程具有有益作用。此外,可以有利地将免疫抑制剂,如丝裂霉素C、他克莫司、西罗莫司和依维莫司添加到该聚合物溶液中。根据本发明,也可以将抗生素,如强力霉素、金霉素、土霉素添加到该聚合物溶液中。
用于粘弹性补充疗法的透明质酸溶液迄今主要借助γ辐射灭菌。在这方面等于/大于25 kGy的剂量是常规的。对最终包装好的透明质酸溶液进行灭菌。但是,暴露在γ辐射下与严重的缺点相关联。暴露在γ辐射下使聚合物链降解,这明显降低摩尔质量并生成低分子量降解产物。此外,包装工具,通常由塑料制成的一次性注射器可能由于γ辐射而变脆。此外,可能由于副反应而发生透明质酸溶液的变色。聚合物降解尤其极大取决于γ辐射的剂量。常见γ源具有球形辐射场。这意味着入射剂量可随待灭菌的对象的位置而变。通过这种方式,聚合物降解从未均匀进行并且最终粘度可能不均匀。难以获得灭菌的透明质酸溶液的可再现的最终粘度。
一种替代灭菌方法是透明质酸水溶液的蒸汽灭菌,但这对透明质酸和塑料包装工具造成破坏。由于该溶液的相对较高粘度,透明质酸水溶液的过滤灭菌基本不可行或只能过度努力进行。过滤灭菌仅除去一定尺寸的微生物生命形式。病毒无法通过过滤灭菌除去或灭活。
除所述物理灭菌法外,对于医疗产品的灭菌也常使用化合物。这些包括甲醛、戊二醛、邻苯二甲醛。借助醛灭菌的缺点在于在灭菌后需要再除去这些醛以防止在人体中使用过程中的有害影响。这排除了用醛将最终包装好的透明质酸水溶液灭菌,因为这些醛无法再从最终包装好的透明质酸溶液中除去。
氧化剂,如过氧化氢、过甲酸、过乙酸、次氯化物(hypochloride)和释放次氯化物的物质,如氯胺T2或三氯异氰脲酸是非常有效的灭菌手段。这些试剂的缺点在于它们造成溶解的透明质酸的显著氧化降解。此外,氧化剂的未反应残留物可能在最终包装中留在透明质酸溶液中并有可能具有局部毒效。
制药工业中已知的是,蛋白质水溶液,例如疫苗对氧化灭菌剂和各种物理灭菌方法,例如用γ辐射灭菌的作用非常敏感。因此,这些蛋白质水溶液首先经过过滤灭菌,然后加入少量β-丙醇酸内酯以将病毒灭活。β-丙醇酸内酯将病毒的DNA/RNA或蛋白质的氨基酰化。作为溶剂存在的水能够缓慢分解β-丙醇酸内酯以致在仅短时间后在蛋白质水溶液中不再存在活性β-丙醇酸内酯。迄今已知的是,气态β-丙醇酸内酯可以不可逆地将内生孢子灭活(R. K. Hoffmann, B. Warshowsky: Beta-Propiolactone Vapor as a Disinfectant.Appl. Microbiol. 1958年9月;6(5): 358-362)。此外,已知β-丙醇酸内酯将非水性有机单体/单体混合物和含有有机单体的糊状胶结剂(pasty cements)中的内生孢子灭活(EP 2596 812 B1)。
但是,除繁殖体(vegetative forms)外,微生物还具有生殖形式(generativeforms),如内生孢子。作为在不利生活条件下的存活方式,微生物的这些生殖存活形式由革兰氏阳性细菌,特别是芽孢杆菌属和梭状芽孢杆菌属的细菌形成。在它们的休眠状态下,内生孢子没有活性代谢并具有极大地保护孢子核免受化学品和其它环境效应的作用的多层孢子囊。这使孢子极耐受热和化学品的作用(Borick, P. M.: Chemical sterilizers.Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 10 (1968) 291-312;Gould, G. W.: Recent advances in theunderstanding of resistance and dormancy in bacterial spores. J. Appl.Bacteriol. 42 (1977) 297-309;Gould, G. W.: Mechanisms of resistance anddormancy. 第173-209页. In Hurst, A.和Gould, G. W. (编辑), The bacterialspore. 第2卷,Academic Press, Inc. New York, 1983)。由于它们的高耐受性,内生孢子用作用于验证和控制灭菌法的效力的生物指示剂。这基于如下假设,即内生孢子的灭活表明杀灭所有繁殖体微生物生命形式。革兰氏阳性细菌的内生孢子被归类为国际耐受性III类。耐受性I类包括非孢子形成细菌和孢子形成细菌的繁殖体,耐受性II 类包括在105℃下的蒸汽流中在几分钟内被杀死的孢子。根据DAB 2008(Deutsches Arzneimittelbuch),耐受性I-III类的所有微生物必须在灭菌过程中被不可逆地杀死或灭活。
此外,根据本发明的聚合物溶液的灭菌方法也属于本发明。这种方法的特征在于制备含有至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖或多糖衍生物、一种水溶性聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐和水和至少0.5重量% β-丙醇酸内酯的混合物,且将所述聚合物溶液在4-40℃下储存至少24小时。已经看出,令人惊讶地,用β-丙醇酸内酯将根据本发明的聚合物溶液灭菌是成功的,没有伴随不合意的变色。此外,已经看出,令人惊讶地,用β-丙醇酸内酯灭菌并未与含有透明质酸、羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素以及聚苯乙烯磺酸的聚合物溶液中的沉淀相关联,这些保持溶解并且目视清澈。
优选使用0.5-2.0重量% β-丙醇酸内酯将该聚合物水溶液灭菌。在这一浓度范围内确保内生孢子安全灭活。
根据本发明的聚合物溶液作为用于粘弹性补充疗法的手段和作为药剂的载体提供。
通过下文阐述的实施例举例说明本发明,但不限制本发明的范围。
在下述实验中使用下列多糖和/或多糖衍生物:
NaHya: 透明质酸的钠盐(Mn ~ 90万道尔顿),
CMC: 羧甲基纤维素的钠盐(Mn ~ 90,000道尔顿),
MC: 甲基纤维素(SM-4000),
HEC: 羟乙基纤维素(60SH-4000)
PSS1: 聚苯乙烯磺酸的钠盐(Mn ~ 70,000道尔顿)
PSS2: 聚苯乙烯磺酸的钠盐(Mn ~ 1,300,000道尔顿)。
制备具有7.4的pH值的磷酸盐缓冲液。为此,将1.65克磷酸氢钾和9.71克二水合磷酸氢二钠溶解在1升蒸馏水中。
实施例1
将总共5.0毫升pH 7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液置于beaded rim瓶中。在室温下将总共0.25重量%、0.5重量%、1.0重量%和2.0重量%多糖/多糖衍生物和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠盐(PSS1和PSS2)溶解在这些缓冲溶液中。在24小时后目视检查聚合物溶液。
实施例2
类似于实施例1制备聚合物溶液,但还含有抗生素强力霉素。为此使用强力霉素-海克酸盐(hyalate)(强力霉素盐酸-半乙醇-半水合物)。在室温下储存24小时后目视检查聚合物溶液。
实施例3
类似于实施例1制备聚合物溶液,但还含有抗生素硫酸庆大霉素。为此使用硫酸庆大霉素(活度系数580)。在室温下储存24小时后目视检查该聚合物溶液。
实施例4
类似于实施例1制备聚合物溶液,但还含有消炎药磷酸地塞米松。为此使用磷酸地塞米松的钠盐(NaDexP)。在室温下储存24小时后目视检查聚合物溶液。
实施例5
使用磷酸盐缓冲液pH 7.4制备0.25重量% NaHya溶液。然后将10毫克、1.0毫克、0.1毫克和0.01毫克PSS1添加到各40.0克该溶液中。为了添加0.1毫克和0.01毫克PSS1,制备10毫克PSS1在磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶液并将这一溶液的相应等分试样添加到NaHya溶液中。制备在磷酸盐缓冲液pH 7.4中含有26.7 IU/µl牛透明质酸酶(Kraeber, 329 IU/mg)的溶液。然后,将这一透明质酸酶溶液的150微升等分试样添加到40克NaHya-PSS1溶液中。然后将该溶液在Ubbelohde粘度计(毛细管I)中在37℃下保持15分钟。然后测定该聚合物溶液的消化时间(passage time)。然后将聚合物溶液在Ubbelohde粘度计中保持在37℃下。在连续的1小时时间间隔中再次测量聚合物溶液的消化时间。此外,作为参考测量添加了透明质酸酶的0.25重量% NaHya溶液的消化时间。
聚合物溶液的消化时间与溶解的聚合物的摩尔质量成比例。消化时间的降低与摩尔质量的降低相关。结果表明含有透明质酸和聚苯乙烯磺酸的聚合物溶液在Ubbelohde粘度计中在5小时试验期内基本没有表现出消化时间的降低。该聚合物溶液中所含的透明质酸明显没有被透明质酸酶降解。
作为对照,在另一实验中研究透明质酸酶对聚苯乙烯磺酸的影响。实验设置与之前的实验相同。
结果表明聚苯乙烯磺酸水溶液在37℃下无法被透明质酸酶降解。
实施例6
使用磷酸盐缓冲液pH 7.4制备0.25重量% NaHya溶液。然后将10毫克、1.0毫克、0.1毫克和0.01毫克PSS2添加到各40.0克该溶液中。为了添加0.1毫克和0.01毫克PSS2,制备10毫克PSS2在磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶液并将这一溶液的相应等分试样添加到NaHya溶液中。制备在磷酸盐缓冲液pH 7.4中含有26.7 IU/µl牛透明质酸酶(Kraeber, 329 IU/mg)的溶液。然后,将这一透明质酸酶溶液的150微升等分试样添加到40克NaHya-PSS2溶液中。然后将该溶液在Ubbelohde粘度计(毛细管I)中在37℃下保持15分钟。然后测定该聚合物溶液的消化时间。为此将聚合物溶液在Ubbelohde粘度计中保持在37℃下。在连续的1小时时间间隔中再次测量聚合物溶液的消化时间。此外,作为参考测量添加了透明质酸酶的0.25重量% NaHya溶液的消化时间。
聚合物溶液的消化时间与溶解的聚合物的摩尔质量成比例。消化时间的降低与摩尔质量的降低相关。结果表明含有透明质酸和聚苯乙烯磺酸的聚合物溶液在Ubbelohde粘度计中在5小时试验期内基本没有表现出消化时间的降低。该透明质酸/聚苯乙烯磺酸溶液中的透明质酸明显没有被透明质酸酶降解。
实施例7
首先,各使用30.0毫升磷酸盐缓冲液(pH值7.4)制备含有聚苯乙烯磺酸的多糖溶液。在无菌25毫升塑料管中将总共106 cfu的萎缩芽孢杆菌(Bacillus atropheus)的孢子悬浮液添加到各5.0毫升的多糖溶液中。然后使用涡旋混合器均匀悬浮孢子。随后,将0.5重量%、1.0重量%和2.0重量% β-丙醇酸内酯添加到各5.0毫升的预先与孢子混合的多糖溶液中。然后将该样品再次在涡旋混合器中均匀化。使用未用β-丙醇酸内酯处理的多糖溶液作为阳性对照。在室温下储存48小时后,根据DIN EN ISO 11737,第2部分测试该多糖溶液的无菌性。一式两份进行测定。
(+) 生长
(-) 无生长。
与用作阳性对照的未处理的多糖溶液相比,用β-丙醇酸内酯灭菌的多糖溶液没有表现出任何变色。

Claims (12)

1.用于粘弹性补充疗法,尤其用于治疗关节病的聚合物溶液,其含有
a) 至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖或多糖衍生物,
b) 至少一种水溶性聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐;和
c) 水。
2.根据权利要求1的聚合物溶液,其含有
d) 3-羟基丙酸。
3.根据权利要求1或2任一项的聚合物溶液,其特征在于所述溶液目视清澈。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项的聚合物溶液,其特征在于多糖或多糖衍生物或至少两种多糖的混合物或至少两种多糖衍生物的混合物或至少一种多糖和至少一种多糖衍生物的混合物与聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐的质量比为1比1至1比0.01。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项的聚合物溶液,其特征在于所述聚合物溶液的总聚合物含量为0.1至10重量%。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项的聚合物溶液,其特征在于所述聚合物溶液进一步含有消炎药、抗生素、免疫抑制剂和细胞生长抑制剂。
7.根据权利要求6的聚合物溶液,其特征在于所述聚合物溶液含有磷酸地塞米松、磷酸氟羟脱氢皮质甾醇、强力霉素、金霉素、土霉素、阿霉素、环孢素、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、硫唑嘌呤、丝裂霉素C、他克莫司、西罗莫司和依维莫司。
8.根据前述权利要求任一项的聚合物溶液,其由下列成分构成
a) 至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖或至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖衍生物或至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖和至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖衍生物的混合物;
b) 至少一种水溶性聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐;
c) 水;
d) 任选地,3-羟基丙酸;
e) 任选地,至少一种消炎药;
f) 任选地,至少一种抗生素;
g) 任选地,至少一种免疫抑制剂;
h) 任选地,至少一种细胞生长抑制剂。
9.制备无菌聚合物水溶液的方法,其特征在于
将a) 至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖或至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖衍生物或至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖和至少一种至少部分水溶性多糖衍生物的混合物;
b) 一种水溶性聚苯乙烯磺酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐;和
c) 水
与至少0.5重量% β-丙醇酸内酯混合
将由此制备的聚合物溶液在4-40℃下储存至少24小时。
10.根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于为灭菌加入0.5-2.0重量% β-丙醇酸内酯。
11.根据权利要求1至8的聚合物溶液作为用于粘弹性补充疗法的手段的用途。
12.根据权利要求1至8的聚合物溶液作为药剂的载体的用途。
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