CN107410002A - Algae-controlling method in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process - Google Patents

Algae-controlling method in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107410002A
CN107410002A CN201710282744.0A CN201710282744A CN107410002A CN 107410002 A CN107410002 A CN 107410002A CN 201710282744 A CN201710282744 A CN 201710282744A CN 107410002 A CN107410002 A CN 107410002A
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spiral shell
shell
algae
monodentate
conchocelis
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CN107410002B (en
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张鹏
王铁杆
杨鼎俊
张立宁
林少珍
马建忠
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Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute
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Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of algae-controlling method in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process, comprise the following steps:Step 1, the selection and processing of spiral shell:Choose that quantity is suitable and monodentate spiral shell of the weight in the range of 2.5~3.0g, pass through 0.6 ~ 1.5 × 10 before launching‑5G/ml liquor potassic permanganates carry out 4 ~ 6min of surface treatment;Step 2, the dispensing of spiral shell:When obvious algae attachment occurs in nursery shell surface, the dispensing of monodentate spiral shell is carried out;Step 3, algae removing stage:4 ~ 7 days before after the dispensing of monodentate spiral shell, the night soil-treatment of at least 1 time monodentate spiral shell is carried out daily;Step 4, maintenance stage:After monodentate spiral shell is launched 4 ~ 7 days, the night soil-treatment of monodentate spiral shell is carried out every other day;Step 5, the recovery of spiral shell:Before shell conchocelis contracting light accelerating, monodentate spiral shell is reclaimed.This method is simple and practical, significant effect, effectively removes caused miscellaneous algae in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process, ensures the smooth cultivation of porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis.

Description

Algae-controlling method in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of biological control, and in particular to attached in a kind of porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process The prevention and controls for the algae bio.
Background technology
Porphyra haitanensis is China Important Economic marine alga, and its yield accounts for national seaweed yield more than 80%.In recent years, as altar is purple The cultivation of dish and the fast development of process scale, have become the leading industry of the maritime provinces marine alga such as Zhejiang, Fujian.Porphyra haitanensis In breeding process, the cultivation of shell conchocelis is most important, and the quality of the process is directly connected to the seed in porphyra haitanensis later stage and supplied Should, and then there is conclusive effect to cultured area and yield.
Porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis breeding phase is typically from March to mid-July or so, and during which shell conchocelis will pass through Multiple cleaning is to reduce the middle and later periods of the influence adhered to miscellaneous algae and grown to it, especially shell conchocelis cultivation, with temperature With the continuous rise of intensity of illumination, adhere to the speed of growth of miscellaneous algae quickly, if cleaning shell surface not in time, miscellaneous algae is by shell Filamentous covers, and receives illumination progress photosynthesis so as to influence shell conchocelis, and then influence it and grow.Therefore, The number that shell conchocelis is manually cleaned in this stage also increases therewith.Frequently cleaning shell conchocelis, which not only increases, educates Seedling cost, easily causes shell conchocelis to be damaged, and influences survival rate, while also increases the wind of filamentous injury bacteria infection Danger.However, being limited by technical merit limitation, the means that China removes the miscellaneous algae of shell conchocelis at present are still to clean by hand It is main, all can not because of the not thorough of miscellaneous algae removal although a small number of nurseries also attempted the means of high-pressure fog removal of impurities algae It is widely applied.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides algae-controlling side in a kind of porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process Method, this method is simple and practical, significant effect, effectively removes caused miscellaneous algae in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process, ensures The smooth cultivation of porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis.
The present invention provides a kind of algae-controlling method in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the selection and processing of spiral shell:Choose that quantity is suitable and monodentate spiral shell of the weight in the range of 2.5~3.0g, before dispensing Pass through 1 × 10-5G/ml liquor potassic permanganates carry out surface treatment 5min;
Step 2, the dispensing of spiral shell:When obvious algae attachment occurs in nursery shell surface, the dispensing of monodentate spiral shell is carried out;
Step 3, algae removing stage:4 ~ 7 days before after the dispensing of monodentate spiral shell, at the excrement for carrying out at least 1 time monodentate spiral shell daily Reason
Step 4, maintenance stage:After monodentate spiral shell is launched 4 ~ 7 days, the night soil-treatment of monodentate spiral shell is carried out every other day;
Step 5, the recovery of spiral shell:Before shell conchocelis light accelerating, monodentate spiral shell is reclaimed.
The beneficial effect so set is:Using such scheme, biological control is carried out from monodentate spiral shell, to handle nursery shellfish The miscellaneous algae of shell superficial growth, monodentate spiral shell are typical fan tongue type, except a small amount of unicellular diatom, Chlorophyta in its eating patterns Bristle algae, there are substantial amounts of other organic debrises, effectively miscellaneous algae can be eaten, eliminate miscellaneous algae, it is molten using potassium permanganate Liquid is surface-treated, and can remove the pollutants such as germ on its monodentate spiral shell, miscellaneous algae, is ensured the activity of monodentate spiral shell, is protected simultaneously The normal growth of shell conchocelis is demonstrate,proved, and monodentate spiral shell excrement is cleared up in time, the cleaning of culturing pool is effectively kept, avoids Other mushrooms or virus grow, ensure the normal growth of shell conchocelis, avoid being polluted, improve survival rate, safeguard and Processing is divided into two stages, and the first stage is the algae removal stage, i.e., 4 ~ 7 days before the dispensing of monodentate spiral shell, within the time, because For the more than needed of algae, monodentate spiral shell is in abundant fed conditions, and generation excreta is more, therefore needs to carry out night soil-treatment daily, the Two-stage is the maintenance stage, i.e., until monodentate spiral shell reclaims comprehensively after 4 ~ 7 days of dispensing monodentate spiral shell, passes through monodentate in this time Spiral shell eliminates the miscellaneous algae that grows again, ensures cultivating pool cleaning without algae, can reduce monodentate spiral shell quantity compared with the first stage, at this section It is less to be mixed with algae, monodentate spiral shell enters deficiency of food, so excreta is less, it is possible to reduce night soil-treatment frequency;Because monodentate spiral shell equally can The conchosporangia grown from nursery shell surface is eaten up, so reclaim monodentate spiral shell before shell conchocelis contracting light accelerating, Ensure the smooth development of shell conchocelis, form conchosporangia.
The present invention is further arranged in step 1, in addition to by monodentate spiral shell Nature enemy 24h, and empty monodentate spiral shell excrement Just.
The beneficial effect so set is:Using such scheme, Nature enemy 24h, internal excrement is emptied, is reduced to food Selection, change feeding habits, ensure monodentate spiral shell miscellaneous algae is ingested, with remove nursery shell surface growth miscellaneous algae.
The present invention is further arranged in step 2, if nursery shell surface does not occur obvious algae attachment, in carpogonium Son collect seedling after 20-25 days or free conchocelis collect seedling after 30 days launch monodentate spiral shells.
The beneficial effect so set is:Using such scheme, when algae grows, miscellaneous algae is entered by monodentate spiral shell Row effectively cleaning.
The present invention is further arranged to the night soil-treatment mode and nursery shell surface is sprayed using gondola water faucet.
The beneficial effect so set is:Using such scheme, bath processing excrement is sprayed by gondola water faucet, and do not destroy flat The ordered arrangement of shell is supported, it is simple easy to operation, the cleaning of culturing pool is effectively kept, avoids other mushrooms or virus from growing, Ensure the normal growth of shell conchocelis, avoid being polluted, improve survival rate.
It is further described with reference to embodiment and test data.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of blood counting chamber in present invention experiment;
Fig. 2 is that different experiments group algae adheres to the schematic diagram that quantity changes over time in present invention experiment;
Fig. 3 is that different experiments group maintains effect diagram to the surface of the seedling shell after cleaning in present invention experiment.
Embodiment
The present invention includes following several embodiments, and the data comparison that each embodiment tells on:Following examples And the porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis selected attachment base of collecting seedling is clam shell in experiment, clam hull specification be 4cm × 6cm, is passed through Tiling 1 month shell of culture carries out experiment use after reddening, monodentate spiral shell picks up from Dongtou triumph Ao intertidal zones, 27 ° of 51 〞 of ˊ 43 of east longitude N, 121 ° of 10 〞 of ˊ 47 of north latitude, size specification is 2.7 ± 0.15g.
Experiment one:Removal of the monodentate spiral shell to porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis periphtic algae on varying number in unit area The experiment of effect, the material of selection are to comprise the following steps:
Step 1:It is 1m that isolation, which sets 7 areas, in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis culture pond2Culture pond, equivalent respectively The clam shell grown and have algae is inserted, 0 spiral shell/m is set respectively in each culture pond2, 6 spiral shell/m2, 12 spiral shell/m2, 36 spiral shells/ m2, 72 spiral shell/m2, 108 spiral shell/m2, 144 spiral shell/m2Gradient 6 test groups of formation and 1 blank pair are launched Deng 7 monodentate spiral shells According to group, each test group and blank control group set 4 repetitions, the equal Nature enemy 24h of monodentate spiral shell chosen in each test group, side by side Empty monodentate spiral shell excrement;
Step 2:4 clam shells are randomly selected in each test group and blank control group daily, continue 9, as far as possible will with hairbrush Periphtic algae in 1cm × 1cm areas is corresponded in each clam shell to elute, and with being shaken up after 10ml volumetric flask constant volumes, is drawn appropriate Drop 4 is dripped dropwise is counted in blood counting chamber, counts the microalgae quantity in the medium square in the counting chamber of corner, calculation formula respectively It is as follows:
Unit area algae amount(Individual/cm2)Average cell number × 16 × 10 in=each medium square4
Step 3:After the completion of experiment, the quality of monodentate spiral shell in each test group is weighed, table analysis arranged side by side, as shown in Table 1.
Conclusion:As shown in Fig. 2 the variation tendency of the daily unit area algae amount of control group.On the whole, algae amount presents first fast Speed increase, then be slowly increased, finally tend towards stability.Should be in unlimited increase trend in theory, but the nutrition due in box After salt runs out of, the growth of algae is restricted, thus is tended to be steady.
The variation tendency that experimental group is averagely eaten algae amount daily is shown in Fig. 2.As seen from Figure 2,6 are put for first group Individual spiral shell/m2, miscellaneous algae quantity is reduced slower in clam shell, and the edible algae amount of monodentate spiral shell maintains an equal level with miscellaneous algae propagation speed within first day, and Miscellaneous algae quantity is gradually reduced afterwards, also has to algae at the end of experiment and exists on a small quantity, is not eaten up by monodentate spiral shell;Second group puts 12 Spiral shell/m2, a few days ago miscellaneous algae quantity be greatly reduced, show the edible algae amount speed of monodentate spiral shell, the 3rd day starts miscellaneous algae number Amount slows down relatively slowly, shows that the 3rd day beginning monodentate spiral shell eats speed and declined, handled miscellaneous algae totally completely by 8 day time;The Three groups put 36 spiral shell/m2, miscellaneous algae quantity rapid decrease at the very start, daily fall is basically identical, shows daily monodentate spiral shell Edible speed is consistent, and depletion rate is substantially at saturation state, has handled algae by 5 day time;4th group put 72 spiral shells/ m2, miscellaneous algae is just a large amount of at the beginning is reduced, and shows have a large amount of algae to be eaten by monodentate spiral shell, by 4 day time, algae was eaten completely It is complete;5th group puts 108 spiral shell/m2, at the beginning miscellaneous algae quantity just reduce sharply, start within second day to be eaten algae amount and reduce sharply, the 3rd day algae Eaten up completely;6th group of situation is similar to the 5th group of situation, and miscellaneous algae is quickly consumed, and is depleted within 2 days to finish substantially.Thus may be used To draw, put that 108 spiral shells are proper per square meter, reach the effect of quick cleaning seedling shell surface diatom, while miscellaneous algae is eaten up Number of days and monodentate spiral shell spiral shell unit area in number be inversely proportional within the specific limits trend, spiral shell is more, and the speed eaten is faster, institute It is shorter with the time.
Table one test after the completion of in each test group monodentate spiral shell mass change table
6 spiral shell/m as can be seen from Table 12With 12 spiral shell/m2Monodentate spiral shell under density, which is eaten, is substantially at saturation state, it is difficult to presses down The procreation of miscellaneous algae is made, and monodentate spiral shell is substantially at semistarvation state in other 4 groups, follow-up caused miscellaneous algae can also be carried out fast Speed consumption so that enter in algae removing stage in the maintenance stage, it is not necessary to change the monodentate spiral shell in culturing pool, it is only necessary to reduce number Amount, improve efficiency.
Experiment two:Monodentate spiral shell to the porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis after cleaning maintenance experiment, selected materials be surface Artificial removal's shell conchocelis clam shell of periphtic algae, specific experiment comprise the following steps:
Step 1:It is 1m that isolation, which sets 7 areas, in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis culture pond2Culture pond, equivalent respectively The shell conchocelis clam shell that artificial hand washing removes periphtic algae is inserted, 0 spiral shell/m is set respectively in each culture pond2, 6 Spiral shell/m2, 12 spiral shell/m2, 36 spiral shell/m2, 72 spiral shell/m2, wait 5 monodentate spiral shells to launch gradient and form 4 test groups and 1 blank Control group, each test group and blank control group set 4 repetitions, the equal Nature enemy 24h of monodentate spiral shell chosen in each test group, and Empty monodentate spiral shell excrement.
Step 2:4 clam shells are randomly selected in each test group and blank control group daily, continues 9, is use up with hairbrush Amount will correspond to periphtic algae in 1cm × 1cm areas and elute in each clam shell, with being shaken up after 10ml volumetric flask constant volumes, draw Appropriate drop 4 dropwise is dripped to be counted in blood counting chamber, is counted the microalgae quantity in the medium square in the counting chamber of corner respectively, is calculated Formula such as formula is as follows:
Unit area algae amount(Individual/cm2)Average cell number × 16 × 10 in=each medium square4
Conclusion:Fig. 3 illustrates different spiral shell numbers and maintains effect for the surface of seedling shell cleaned, the diatom amount at control group Increase state, the 1st group of 6 spiral shell/m in continuous daily2Maintenance effect is not reaching to, miscellaneous algae quantity is in is incremented by state daily, But trend is less than blank control group;Change is little daily for its excess-three group algae amount, in a kind of relatively stable state, illustrates to put 12 Spiral shell/m2Or more density for experiment area be 1m2Clam shell have the function that to maintain surface algae clean.
By above-mentioned experiment one with after the checking of experiment two, drawing algae-controlling method in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process Preferred forms it is as follows:
Embodiment:Step 1, the selection and processing of spiral shell:108 monodentate spiral shells are built at every square metre, 1 × 10 is used before launching-5G/ml liquor potassic permanganates carry out surface treatment 5min to monodentate spiral shell, by the equal Nature enemy 24h of the monodentate spiral shell of selection, and empty Monodentate spiral shell excrement;
Step 2, the dispensing of spiral shell:When obvious algae attachment occurs in nursery shell surface, the dispensing of monodentate spiral shell is carried out;
Step 3, algae removing stage:First 3 days after the dispensing of monodentate spiral shell, daily at the excrement of at least 1 time monodentate spiral shell of progress Reason, night soil-treatment are sprayed using gondola water faucet to nursery shell surface;
Step 4, maintenance stage:After monodentate spiral shell is launched 3 days, monodentate spiral shell quantity is reduced to 12 every square metre, carried out every other day The night soil-treatment of monodentate spiral shell, night soil-treatment are sprayed using gondola water faucet to nursery shell surface;
Step 5, the recovery of spiral shell:Before shell conchocelis contracting light accelerating, monodentate spiral shell is all reclaimed.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of algae-controlling method in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
Step 1, the selection and processing of spiral shell:Choose that quantity is suitable and monodentate spiral shell of the weight in the range of 2.5~3.0g, before dispensing Pass through 0.6 ~ 1.5 × 10-5G/ml liquor potassic permanganates carry out 4 ~ 6min of surface treatment;
Step 2, the dispensing of spiral shell:When obvious algae attachment occurs in nursery shell surface, the dispensing of monodentate spiral shell is carried out;
Step 3, algae removing stage:4 ~ 7 days before after the dispensing of monodentate spiral shell, at the excrement for carrying out at least 1 time monodentate spiral shell daily Reason
Step 4, maintenance stage:After monodentate spiral shell is launched 4 ~ 7 days, the night soil-treatment of monodentate spiral shell is carried out every other day;
Step 5, the recovery of spiral shell:Before shell conchocelis light accelerating, monodentate spiral shell is reclaimed.
2. algae-controlling method in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: In step 1, in addition to by monodentate spiral shell Nature enemy 24h, and empty monodentate spiral shell excrement.
3. algae-controlling method in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process according to claim 1 or 2, its feature exist In:In step 2, if nursery shell surface does not occur the attachment of obvious algae pollution, 20-25 days after carpospore is collected seedling or Launch monodentate spiral shell within 30 days after person's free conchocelis is collected seedling.
4. algae-controlling method in porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis cultivating process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Institute Night soil-treatment mode is stated to be sprayed nursery shell surface using gondola water faucet.
CN201710282744.0A 2017-04-26 2017-04-26 Algae control method in porphyra haitanensis shell filament cultivation process Active CN107410002B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112915099A (en) * 2018-12-10 2021-06-08 烟台大学 Antiviral application of cladophora crude polysaccharide
CN112915099B (en) * 2018-12-10 2022-02-18 烟台大学 Antiviral application of cladophora crude polysaccharide
CN110313395A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-10-11 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 A kind of application of the molten shell agent of Porphyra yezoensis shell conchocelis

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