CN107407299B - 建筑机械的油压驱动系统 - Google Patents
建筑机械的油压驱动系统 Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2225—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2004—Control mechanisms, e.g. control levers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2282—Systems using center bypass type changeover valves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2285—Pilot-operated systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2296—Systems with a variable displacement pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
- F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
- F15B13/0401—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
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- F15B13/0442—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by electrically-controlled means, e.g. solenoids, torque-motors with proportional solenoid allowing stable intermediate positions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B20/00—Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
- F15B20/002—Electrical failure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B20/00—Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
- F15B20/008—Valve failure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2292—Systems with two or more pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
- F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/31—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
- F15B2211/3105—Neutral or centre positions
- F15B2211/3116—Neutral or centre positions the pump port being open in the centre position, e.g. so-called open centre
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/40—Flow control
- F15B2211/415—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit
- F15B2211/41509—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a directional control valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
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- F15B2211/428—Flow control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
- F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
- F15B2211/50536—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using unloading valves controlling the supply pressure by diverting fluid to the return line
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F15B2211/515—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
- F15B2211/5151—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a directional control valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
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- F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
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Abstract
建筑机械的油压驱动系统(1)具备:形成为中心旁通通路(3a)的开口面积随着操作信号的增大而缓慢减少的结构的控制阀(3、32、33);输出操作信号的操作装置(4);排放管路(6);和排放阀(7),该排放阀(7)形成为如下结构:具有引导有电磁比例阀(8)的二次压的先导端口(7c),操作信号超过第一设定值之前旁通通路(7a)打开,操作信号超过第一设定值时旁通通路(8a)关闭,并且,操作信号超过第二设定值时卸载通路(7b)打开,从操作信号超过第二设定值开始直到达到第三设定值卸载通路(7b)的开口面积缓慢减少。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑机械的油压驱动系统。
背景技术
油压挖掘机或油压起重机这样的建筑机械中,通过油压驱动系统实行各种动作。例如,专利文献1中公开了如图5所示的油压驱动系统100。
该油压驱动系统100中,从泵110延伸至油箱的循环管路120上配置有多个控制阀130。各控制阀130与包括有操作杆的先导操作阀140(操作装置)连接,根据操作杆的操作量控制对执行器150的工作油的供给以及排出。另外,油压驱动系统100中,操作先导操作阀140时,采用使从泵110吐出的工作油不经由控制阀130而流向油箱的结构。
具体地,油压驱动系统100包括从循环管路120的控制阀130的上游侧部分分叉并延伸至油箱的排放管路(bleed off line)160。排放管路160上配置有具有先导端口的排放阀170,电磁比例阀180的二次压被引导至排放阀170的先导端口。
排放阀170具有构成排放管路160的一部分的卸载通路。排放阀170,如图6所示,形成为操作杆的操作量超过第一设定值θ1时卸载通路打开,操作杆的操作量大于第一设定值θ1时卸载通路的开口面积缓慢减少的结构。
另一方面,各控制阀130具有构成循环管路120的一部分的中心旁通通路。控制阀130形成为,操作杆的操作量超过稍大于第一设定值θ1的第二设定值θ2之前中心旁通通路打开,操作杆的操作量超过第二设定值θ2时中心旁通通路急速关闭的结构。如此由控制阀3阻断循环管路120,借此能够使从泵110吐出的工作油通过排放管路160流向油箱。
现有技术文献:
专利文献:
专利文献1:日本特开2005-265016号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题:
然而,图5所示的油压驱动系统100中,发生电磁比例阀180的故障或电力系统的断开等时(以下称为“故障时”),会维持由排放阀170阻断排放管路160的状态。此时,操作操作杆时,操作杆的操作量超过第二设定值θ2时由控制阀130突然阻断循环管路120,供给至执行器150的工作油急剧增加。借此,执行器150产生冲击。
此处,本发明的目的是提供一种能够在操作操作装置时使从泵吐出的工作油不经由控制阀流向油箱,并且即使故障时也能够使执行器顺利工作的建筑机械的油压系统。
解决问题的手段:
为了解决上述问题,本发明的建筑机械的油压驱动系统,其特征在于,具备:从泵延伸至邮箱的循环管路;配置于所述循环管路上,控制对执行器的工作油的供给以及排出的控制阀;接受用于使所述执行器工作的操作,并且输出与所述操作的大小对应的操作信号的操作装置;从所述循环管路的所述控制阀的上游侧部分分叉并延伸至邮箱的排放管路;输出与所述操作信号示出正相关的二次压的电磁比例阀;和排放阀,该排放阀形成为如下结构:具有引导有所述电磁比例阀的二次压的先导端口、构成所述循环管路的一部分的旁通通路、以及构成所述排放管路的一部分的卸载通路,所述操作信号超过第一设定值之前所述旁通通路打开,所述操作信号超过所述第一设定值时所述旁通通路关闭,并且,所述操作信号超过所述第一设定值以下的第二设定值时所述卸载通路打开,从所述操作信号超过所述第二设定值开始直到达到第三设定值所述卸载通路的开口面积缓慢减少;所述控制阀形成为构成所述循环管路的一部分的中心旁通通路的开口面积随着所述操作信号的增大而缓慢减少的结构。
根据上述结构,操作操作装置时,由排放阀阻断循环管路的同时开放排放管路。所以,能够使从泵吐出的工作油不经由控制阀流向油箱。另一方面,故障时,维持排放阀阻断排放管路的状态,但排放阀的旁通通路开放,并且,控制阀的中心旁通通路的开口面积随着从操作装置输出的操作信号的增大而缓慢减少。所以,故障时也能够顺利地使执行器工作。
也可以是所述排放阀为单一的阀。根据该结构,相比于由两个切换阀构成排放阀的情况,结构较简单,所以能够降低成本。
或者,也可以是所述排放阀包括配置于所述循环管路上的第一切换阀;和配置于所述排放管路上的第二切换阀。
发明效果:
根据本发明,在操作操作装置时能够使从泵吐出的工作油不经由控制阀而流向油箱,并且,故障时也能够使执行器顺利工作。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一实施形态的油压驱动系统的大致结构图;
图2是作为建筑机械的一个示例的油压挖掘机的侧视图;
图3是示出从操作装置输出的操作信号与三个通路(控制阀的中心旁通通路、排放阀的旁通通路以及卸载通路)的开口面积的关系的图表;
图4是变形例的油压驱动系统的大致结构图;
图5是以往的油压驱动系统的大致结构图;
图6是示出以往的油压驱动系统中操作杆的操作量与两个通路(控制阀的中心旁通通路以及排放阀的卸载通路)的开口面积的关系的图表。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的一实施形态的建筑机械的油压驱动系统1,图2示出了搭载有该油压驱动系统1的建筑机械10。图2所示的建筑机械10为油压挖掘机,但本发明也能够适用于油压起重机等其他建筑机械。
油压驱动系统1,作为油压执行器,包括图2所示的动臂缸11、斗杆缸12以及铲斗缸13,并且包括未图示的旋转马达以及左右一对行驶马达。另外,油压驱动系统1包括用于向这些执行器供给工作油的主泵15,和驱动主泵15的发动机14。另外,图1中,为了简化附图,省略动臂缸11以及斗杆缸12之外的执行器。
循环管路21从主泵15延伸至油箱。循环管路21上配置有包括动臂控制阀31以及斗杆控制阀32的多个控制阀3(动臂控制阀31以及斗杆控制阀32之外的控制阀未图示)。平行管路22从循环管路21分叉,通过该平行管路22向循环管路21上所有的控制阀3引导从主泵15吐出的工作油。另外,循环管路21上的控制阀3分别与油箱管路23连接。
动臂控制阀31借助一对给排管路11a、11b与动臂缸11连接。动臂控制阀31控制对动臂缸11的工作油的供给以及排出。同样地,斗杆控制阀32借助一对给排管路12a、12b与斗杆缸12连接。斗杆控制阀32控制对斗杆缸12的工作油的供给以及排出。未图示的其他控制阀3也控制对各个执行器的工作油的供给以及排出。
此外,油压驱动系统1包括接受用于使上述执行器工作的操作的多个操作装置4。各操作装置4输出与接受到的操作的大小对应的操作信号。本实施形态中,作为操作装置4,使用具有操作杆,并输出与操作杆的操作量(倾倒角)对应大小的先导压的先导操作阀。
例如,操作装置4包括借助一对先导管路51、52与动臂控制阀31的先导端口连接的动臂操作阀41;和借助一对先导管路53、54与斗杆控制阀32的先导端口连接的斗杆操作阀42。如此,各操作装置4借助一对先导管路与对应的控制阀3的先导端口连接。
从辅助泵17通过供给管路24向各操作装置4供给工作油。辅助泵17由发动机14驱动。
但是,也可以是操作装置4是将操作杆的操作量(倾倒角)作为电力操作信号输出的电力控制杆(joystick)。此时,各控制阀3的一对先导端口与一对电磁比例阀连接,这些电磁比例阀由后述的控制装置9根据从操作装置4输出的操作信号控制。
上述主泵15是倾转角可变更的可变容量型的泵(斜板泵或斜轴泵)。主泵15的倾转角由调节器16变更。本实施形态中,以与从各操作装置4输出的操作信号对应的正控制方式控制主泵15的吐出流量。但是,也可以是以负载感应方式控制主泵15的吐出流量。
具体地,各先导管路设置有测量从操作装置4输出的先导压(操作信号)的压力计。图1示出了其中四个压力计91~94。调节器16以及所有的压力计与控制装置9连接。另外,图1中,为了简化附图,仅描绘了一部分控制线。
由控制装置9根据上述压力计测量的先导压控制调节器16。例如,调节器16由调节主泵15的倾转角的油压机器与向该油压机器输出二次压的电磁比例阀构成。控制装置9以如下形式控制调节器16:不从所有的操作装置4输出先导压时主泵15的倾转角最小,从任意的操作装置4均输出先导压时主泵15的倾转角根据该先导压增大。
此外,本实施形态中,采用操作任意的操作装置4时使从主泵15吐出的工作油不经由控制阀3而流向油箱的结构。具体地,油压驱动系统1包括从循环管路21的控制阀3的上游侧部分分叉并延伸至油箱的排放管路6。本实施形态中,循环管路21上以及排放管路6上配置有单一的排放阀7。
排放阀7具有构成循环管路21的一部分的旁通通路7a,和构成排放管路6的一部分的卸载通路7b。排放阀7,在旁通通路7a打开,卸载通路7b关闭的第一位置(图1的左侧位置)、旁通通路7a关闭,卸载通路7b打开的第二位置(图1的中央位置)、旁通通路7a以及卸载通路7b关闭的第三位置(图1的右侧位置)之间移动。第一位置兼作为中立位置。另外,排放阀7具有用于使该排放阀7从第一位置经过第二位置向第三位置移动的先导端口7c。
先导端口7c借助先导管路26与电磁比例阀8连接。即,从电磁比例阀8输出的二次压被引导至先导端口7c。电磁比例阀8借助一次压管路25与辅助泵17连接。
电磁比例阀8是输出与指令电流成比例的二次压的正比例型。从控制装置9向电磁比例阀8送给与从各操作装置4输出的操作信号成比例的指令电流。即,从电磁比例阀8输出的二次压与操作信号示出正相关。
如图3所示,排放阀7形成为,操作信号超过第一设定值α之前旁通通路7a打开,操作信号超过第一设定值α时旁通通路7a关闭的结构。此外,排放阀7形成为,操作信号超过第一设定值α以下的第二设定值β时卸载通路7b打开,从操作信号超过第二设定值β开始直到达到第三设定值γ卸载通路7b的开口面积缓慢减少的结构。本实施形态中,卸载通路7b的开口面积在操作信号处于第二设定值β的附近区域内时维持在最大。
另外,图3中,卸载通路7b的最大开口面积大于旁通通路7a的最大开口面积,但是也可以是卸载通路7b的最大开口面积小于旁通通路7a的最大开口面积。
本实施形态中,第二设定值β小于第一设定值α。因此,作为排放阀7的正确的记号(标记),在第一位置与第二位置之间,具有旁通通路7a与卸载通路7b两者打开的位置(图1中,优先简化附图从而省略该位置)。若正确表达,则是排放阀7,在操作信号超过第二设定值β之前位于第一位置,从操作信号超过第一设定值α开始直到达到第三设定值γ位于第二位置。但是,也可以是第二设定值β与第一设定值α相等。从操作信号超过第三设定值γ开始直至达到最大,排放阀7位于第三位置。
另一方面,上述各控制阀3,如图1所示,具有构成循环管路21的一部分的中心旁通通路3a。控制阀3,如图3所示,形成为中心旁通通路3a的开口面积随着操作信号的增大而缓慢减少的结构。
相对于操作信号的中心旁通通路3a的开口面积与相对于同一操作信号的卸载通路7b的开口面积几乎相等。此处,“几乎相等”是指,中心旁通通路3a的开口面积处于卸载通路7b的开口面积±10%的范围内。本实施形态中,中心旁通通路3a的开口面积,以该中心旁通通路3a的开口面积减少时比排放阀7的卸载通路7b的开口面积稍大的形式设定。此外,本实施形态中,排放阀7的卸载通路7b的开口面积以及控制阀3的中心旁通通路3a的开口面积呈直线状减少,但也可以是这些开口面积呈曲线状减少。
如以上说明,本实施形态的油压驱动系统1中,操作各操作装置4时,由排放阀7阻断循环管路21的同时开放排放管路6。所以,能够使从主泵15吐出的工作油不经由控制阀3而流向油箱。另一方面,故障时,维持排放阀7阻断排放管路6的状态,但是排放阀7的旁通通路7a打开,并且,各控制阀3的中心旁通通路3a的开口面积随着从与之对应的操作装置4输出的操作信号的增大而缓慢减少。因此,故障时也能够使执行器(动臂缸11或斗杆缸12等)顺利地工作。
(变形例)
本发明不限定于上述实施形态,不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内可进行各种变形。
例如,如图4所示,也可以是排放阀7由配置于循环管路21上的第一切换阀71,和配置于排放管路6上的第二切换阀72构成。但是,如上述实施形态那样排放阀7为单一的阀,相比于由两个切换阀71、72构成排放阀7的情况,结构较简单,所以能够降低成本。另外,也可以是由两个切换阀71、72构成排放阀7时,第一切换阀71配置于控制阀3的下游侧。
符号说明:
1 油压驱动系统;
11 动臂缸(执行器);
12 斗杆缸(执行器);
15 主泵;
21 循环管路;
3 控制阀;
3a 中心旁通通路;
31 动臂控制阀;
32 斗杆控制阀;
4 操作装置;
41 动臂操作阀(操作装置);
42 斗杆操作阀(操作装置);
6 排放管路;
7 排放阀;
7a 旁通通路;
7b 卸载通路;
71 第一切换阀;
72 第二切换阀;
8 电磁比例阀。
Claims (3)
1.一种建筑机械的油压驱动系统,具备:
从泵延伸至油箱的循环管路;
配置于所述循环管路上,控制对执行器的工作油的供给以及排出的控制阀;
接受用于使所述执行器工作的操作,并且输出与所述操作的大小对应的操作信号的操作装置;
从所述循环管路的所述控制阀的上游侧部分分叉并延伸至油箱的排放管路;
输出与所述操作信号示出正相关的二次压的电磁比例阀;和
排放阀,该排放阀形成为如下结构:具有引导有所述电磁比例阀的二次压的先导端口;构成所述循环管路的一部分的旁通通路;以及构成所述排放管路的一部分的卸载通路,所述操作信号超过第一设定值之前所述旁通通路打开,所述操作信号超过所述第一设定值时所述旁通通路关闭,并且,所述操作信号超过所述第一设定值以下的第二设定值时所述卸载通路打开,从所述操作信号超过所述第二设定值开始直到达到第三设定值所述卸载通路的开口面积缓慢减少,
所述控制阀形成为构成所述循环管路的一部分的中心旁通通路的开口面积随着所述操作信号的增大而缓慢减少的结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的建筑机械的油压驱动系统,其特征在于,
所述排放阀为单一的阀。
3.根据权利要求1所述的建筑机械的油压驱动系统,其特征在于,
所述排放阀包括配置于所述循环管路上的第一切换阀;和配置于所述排放管路上的第二切换阀。
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