CN107405172A - 测量机器人手术系统的连接器部件的健康状况 - Google Patents

测量机器人手术系统的连接器部件的健康状况 Download PDF

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CN107405172A
CN107405172A CN201680013918.7A CN201680013918A CN107405172A CN 107405172 A CN107405172 A CN 107405172A CN 201680013918 A CN201680013918 A CN 201680013918A CN 107405172 A CN107405172 A CN 107405172A
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海门·卡帕迪亚
布赖恩·罗克罗尔
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Abstract

一种机器人手术系统,其包含:控制器;手术器械,其支撑末端执行器;以及一个或多个连接器部件,其耦接到所述末端执行器并且是可移动的以操作所述末端执行器。存储器可操作地耦接到控制器并且被配置成维持一个或多个连接器部件的参考数据。传感器紧固到一个或多个连接器部件并且被安置成与控制器电通信。传感器被配置成记录一个或多个连接器部件的实时数据并且将实时数据传送到控制器。控制器被配置成对实时数据与参考数据进行比较,并且响应于实时数据与参考数据的比较提供输出信号。一对连接器部件可以耦接到末端执行器以赋予三个输出。

Description

测量机器人手术系统的连接器部件的健康状况
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请主张2015年6月25日递交的第62/184,305号美国临时专利申请以及2015年3月10日递交的第62/130,672号美国临时专利申请的权益,以上申请的每一者的全部内容在此以引用的方式并入本文中。
背景技术
机器人手术系统已经用于微创医疗手术中。虽然机器人手术系统提供了许多的优势(例如,增加的准确性和方便性),但是一个缺点是缺少力的反馈或有限的力的反馈。与手术培训无关,力的反馈通过较少的所施加的力和较少的误差允许更精确的解剖。
一些机器人手术系统包含支撑机械臂的控制台和至少一个末端执行器,例如,经由腕部组合件安装到机械臂的镊子或抓握工具。在医疗手术期间,末端执行器和腕部组合件被插入到患者的较小的切口(经由插管)或自然孔口中以在患者身体内将末端执行器放置在工作部位处。
连接器部件(例如,缆线)从机器人控制台通过机械臂延伸,并且连接到腕部组合件和/或末端执行器。在一些情况下,连接器部件借助于通过处理系统控制的电机致动,所述处理系统包含对于外科医生或临床医生来说能够控制机器人手术系统的用户界面,所述机器人手术系统包含机械臂、腕部组合件和/或末端执行器。
一般而言,这些连接器部件具有有限的健康状况并且在某一数量的使用之后趋于失效或变得不可用,这可以取决于每次使用强加在这些连接器部件上的持续时间和/或压力而不同。
发明内容
因此,存在对提供关于连接器部件的实时信息以用于确定这些连接器部件的健康状况并且用于改进故障预测准确性的机器人手术系统的需要。还将期望的是监测这些连接器部件以用于建立来自末端执行器的力反馈。就此而言,临床医生将能够有利地确定例如末端执行器的抓握力以改进精确度并且限制误差。
在一个方面中,本发明涉及机器人手术系统,所述机器人手术系统包含控制器和手术器械,所述手术器械具有支撑末端执行器的轴杆组合件。一个或多个连接器部件耦接到末端执行器并且是可移动的以操作末端执行器。一个或多个传感器可操作地耦接到连接器部件中的一个或多个并且安置成与控制器电通信以用于监测连接器部件。
在一个实施例中,末端执行器提供使用在(两个连接器部件的)四个连接器部件末端上的差分连接器部件张力的缠绕式手术装置以驱动三个初级运动输出:纵摇、横摆和夹钳运动。连接器部件可以围绕惰轮的集合(其围绕纵摇轴枢转)并且围绕位于纵摇轴的近端处的惰轮的另一集合布设。在一些实施例中,所有惰轮可以位于沿着轴杆组合件处。通过夹钳和枢转轴相符并且延伸穿过末端执行器的夹钳部件的近侧部分,这种布置有利地提供了与提供纵摇轴与横摆轴之间的惰轮的装置相比的较短腕部长度。纵摇、横摆和抓握/解剖以及这些运动的任何组合是通过牵引和/或释放连接器部件末端的不同组合实现的。
与包含三个闭环连接器部件的更传统的末端执行器相比,其中的每个部件经定位以用于相应地实现三个输出(纵摇、横摆和抓握)中的一个,差分驱动实施例是简化的,其中它仅需要两个开环连接器部件(四个末端)以驱动三个输出(纵摇、横摆和抓握)。另外,鉴于差分驱动实施例的两个连接器部件与更传统的闭环三连接器部件末端执行器相比是开环连接器部件,所以差分驱动实施例提供可调节的连接器部件张力。更确切地说,当手术器械不在使用中时差分驱动实施例的连接器部件上的张力可以松弛以便防止手术器械的组件(缆线、滑轮、耳片等)上的连续负载,由此改进手术器械及其组件的寿命。此外,开环连接器部件使得能够主动监测输出负载(例如,通过传感器),例如,抓握力、围绕纵摇轴的扭矩以及围绕横摆轴的扭矩。
最小化的腕部长度也是有利地,使得纵摇和/或横摆移动更大,同时最小化器械轴杆运动,这继而使得仪器能够一起放置的更接近和/或使得末端执行器能够更快的操控。
机器人手术系统可以包含存储器,所述存储器可操作地耦接到控制器并且配置成维持连接器部件中的一个或多个的参考数据。参考数据可以包含以下各项中的一个或多个:连接器部件的特性;施加到连接器部件的力;连接器部件的使用次数;或连接器部件的年龄。
传感器可被配置成注册连接器部件的实时数据并且将实时数据传送到控制器。在一些实施例中,传感器包含力传感器、位置传感器或其组合。
控制器被配置成对实时数据与参考数据进行比较并且响应于实时数据与参考数据的比较提供输出信号。控制器可以可操作地耦接到一个或多个电机。控制器可被配置成与电机通信以响应于输出信号调节连接器部件中的张力的量。在一些实施例中,控制器被配置成响应于一个或多个事件提供输出信号。事件可以包含以下各项中的一个或多个:手术器械的第一次使用、在手术器械的第一次使用之后的手术器械的使用、用户初始的命令,或至少一个时间周期的到期。
在一些实施例中,机器人手术系统包含驱动组合件,所述驱动组合件具有驱动部件和支撑在驱动部件上的驱动耳片。驱动部件耦接到安置成与控制器电通信的电机。一个或多个连接器部件被紧固到器械耳片。驱动耳片和器械耳片是可啮合的以随着响应于电机的致动驱动耳片沿着驱动部件移动而操控末端执行器。驱动部件和驱动耳片可以可螺纹旋拧方式啮合。驱动部件可以是可旋转的以沿着驱动部件轴向移动驱动耳片。
根据另一方面,提供确定机器人手术系统的一个或多个连接器部件的健康状况的方法。连接器部件可操作地耦接到机器人手术系统的末端执行器并且是可移动的以操作末端执行器。所述方法包含在连接器部件中的一个或多个的初始使用之前存储连接器部件中的一个或多个的参考数据。连接器部件具有初始健康状况。所述方法包含:在一个或多个连接器部件的初始使用之后测量连接器部件的实时数据;并且比较连接器部件的参考数据与连接器部件的所测量的实时数据以确定连接器部件的实时健康状况。
在一些实施例中,所述方法涉及测量施加到至少一个连接器部件的力。在某些实施例中,所述方法包含响应于连接器部件的实时数据中的改变校准连接器部件中的张力。所述方法可以涉及响应于一个或多个事件使指示连接器部件的实时数据的输出信号自动化。所述方法可以涉及接收指示用户输入的输入信号以起始指示连接器部件的实时数据的输出信号。所述方法可包含注册连接器部件的故障并且提供指示故障的输出信号。
根据另一个方面,机器人手术系统包含:控制器;第一连接器部件;第二连接器部件;末端执行器;以及一个或多个电机,其可操作地耦接到控制器。
一个或多个电机可操作地耦接到第一连接器部件和第二连接器部件并且是可致动的以移动第一连接器部件和第二连接器部件。
末端执行器包含第一夹钳部件和第二夹钳部件。第一夹钳部件包含第一夹钳滑轮和从第一夹钳滑轮中延伸的第一抓握部分。第一夹钳滑轮可以与第一抓握部分一体地形成并且第二夹钳滑轮可以与第二抓握部分一体地形成。第二夹钳部件包含第二夹钳滑轮和从第二夹钳滑轮中延伸的第二抓握部分。第一连接器部件紧固到第一夹钳滑轮并且第二连接器部件紧固到第二夹钳滑轮。第一连接器部件和第二连接器部件是可移动的以在三个不同输出之间移动第一夹钳部件和第二夹钳部件。
在一些实施例中,第一夹钳滑轮和第二夹钳滑轮耦接到安装到惰轮的集合的U形夹。第一连接器部件和第二连接器部件围绕惰轮的集合以及第一夹钳滑轮和第二夹钳滑轮布设。
机器人手术系统可以包含支撑驱动单元的机械臂。驱动单元包含驱动组合件,所述驱动组合件具有一个或多个驱动部件以及支撑在所述驱动部件上的一个或多个驱动耳片。驱动部件耦接到电机。第一连接器部件和第二连接器部件中的一个或两个紧固到一个或多个器械耳片。驱动耳片和器械耳片是可啮合的以随着响应于电机的致动驱动耳片沿着驱动部件移动而操控末端执行器。在一些实施例中,驱动部件和驱动耳片以可螺纹旋拧方式啮合。驱动部件可以是可旋转的以沿着驱动部件轴向移动驱动耳片。
下文参考附图更详细地描述了本发明的示例性实施例的其它细节和方面。
附图说明
本文中参考附图描述了本发明的实施例,在附图中:
图1A是根据本发明的医学工作站和操作控制台的示意图;
图1B是图1A的医学工作站的控制装置的电机的示意性透视图;
图1C是耦接到图1A的医学工作站的机械臂的驱动单元和附接装置的示意性透视图;
图2是根据本发明的实施例的用于图1A的医学工作站中的末端执行器的透视图,说明在闭合状况中的其夹钳组合件;
图3是图2的末端执行器的透视图,说明在打开和铰接状况中的其夹钳组合件并且说明在铰接状况中的其腕部组合件;
图4A是说明用于维持机器人手术系统的连接器部件上的预先确定的张力的方法的流程图;
图4B是说明用于确定机器人手术系统的连接器部件的健康状况的方法的流程图;
图5是用于图1A的医学工作站中的末端执行器的另一实施例的透视图;
图6A是以直线配置示出的图5的末端执行器的透视图,其中其夹钳部件在闭合配置中;
图6B是以纵摇配置示出的图5的末端执行器的透视图,其中其夹钳部件在闭合配置中;
图6C是以横摆配置示出的图5的末端执行器的透视图,其中其夹钳部件在闭合配置中;
图6D是以直线配置示出的图5的末端执行器的透视图,其中其夹钳部件在打开配置中;以及
图7A和图7B是相对于图5的末端执行器建立的抓握力数据的图形描绘。
具体实施方式
参考图式详细地描述本发明的实施例,其中在若干视图中的每一个中,相同参考标号指定相同或对应元件。如本文中所使用,术语“远端”指代与用户相距较远的装置的部分,而术语“近端”指代较接近于用户的装置的部分。
首先参考图1A,示出了医学工作站,其通常为工作站1并且大体上包含:多个机械臂2、3;控制器/控制装置4;以及与控制器4耦接的操作控制台5。操作控制台5包含:显示装置6,其被尤其设置成显示三维图像;以及手动输入装置7、8,借助于手动输入装置7、8,人员(未示出)(例如,外科医生)能够以第一操作模式遥控机器人臂2、3,此原则上为所属领域的技术人员所知。
一般而言,机械臂2、3中的每一个包含通过接合件连接的多个部件和可以附接到其的附接装置9、11,例如,支撑末端执行器100的手术工具或手术器械20。
机械臂2、3可以由以操作方式连接到控制装置4的一个或多个电力驱动器或电机驱动。控制装置4(例如,计算机)尤其借助于计算机程序被设置成激活电机,其方式为使得机械臂2、3、它们的附接装置9、11和/或手术工具20(包含末端执行器100)根据由手动输入装置7、8所限定的移动执行所需的移动。
还参考图1B,控制装置4可以控制多个电机“M”(电机1……n),其中每个电机被配置成缠绕和/或释放延伸穿过每个机械臂2、3到手术工具20的末端执行器100的一段连接器部件“CM”(例如,缆线、链条、皮带、杆等和/或其组合)(图1A)。举例来说,一个或多个连接器部件“CM”可以直接地和/或间接地耦接在与电机“M”中的一个或多个相关联的一个或多个滑轮“PL”和与末端执行器100相关联的一个或多个滑轮(参见,例如,图2、图3和/或图5)之间。在使用中,由于缠绕和/或释放连接器部件“CM”,所以连接器部件“CM”实现手术工具20的每个末端执行器100的操作和/或移动。控制装置4协调各种电机“M”的激活以协调缠绕和/或释放一段相应的连接器部件“CM”以便协调相应的末端执行器100的操作和/或移动。在一些情况下,通过单个电机缠绕和/或释放单个连接器部件“CM”。然而,在某些情况下,通过单个电机可以缠绕和/或释放两个或大于两个连接器部件或单个连接器部件的两个末端。举例来说,两个连接器部件或连接器部件末端可以在相反的方向上耦接到单个电机,使得随着电机“M”在第一方向上被激活,缠绕连接器部件中的一个而释放另一连接器部件。其它连接器部件配置可用于不同的实施例中。
工作站1配置成用于躺在患者检查台12上待借助于末端执行器100以微创方式得到治疗的患者13。工作站1还可包含两个以上机械臂2、3,所述额外的机器臂同样连接到控制器4且借助于操作控制台5远距离操控。一个或多个手术器械20可以附接到额外的机械臂。
参考2011年11月3日递交的标题为“医学工作站(Medical Workstation)”的第2012/0116416号美国专利公开,所述美国专利公开的全部内容以引用的方式并入本文中,用于工作站1的构造和操作的详细讨论。
图1C示出了具有耦接到其上的驱动单元14的示例性附接装置9。驱动单元14和/或附接装置9可以直接地和/或间接地附接到机械臂2、3中的一个和/或与机械臂2、3中的一个一体地形成。举例来说,在一些情况下,驱动单元14直接地附接到机械臂2、3中的一个并且附接装置9间接地附接到机械臂2、3中的一个,而附接装置9耦接到驱动单元14。在某些情况下,附接装置9直接地附接到机械臂2、3中的一个并且驱动单元14间接地附接到机械臂2、3,而驱动单元14耦接到附接装置9。在一些情况下,附接装置9和驱动单元14两者直接地附接到机械臂2、3中的一个。
驱动单元14包含驱动组合件15,所述驱动组合件15具有一个或多个电机16和耦接到一个或多个电机16的一个或多个驱动部件17。电机16电耦接到控制器4,并且可经操作以实现驱动部件17的移动(例如,旋转移动)。在一些实施例中,驱动部件17是导螺杆。一个或多个驱动耳片18被安装到每个驱动部件17并且可沿着其移动。如箭头“A1”所示,响应于驱动部件17在顺时针和/或逆时针方向上的旋转移动(如箭头“A2”所示),驱动耳片18可在轴向方向上相对驱动部件17移动(例如,沿着z轴)。在一些实施例中,驱动耳片18是对开螺母驱动耳片。
驱动耳片18可以可螺纹旋拧方式耦接到驱动部件17以实现驱动耳片18相对驱动部件17的移动。驱动耳片18和/或驱动部件17可以包含任何合适的螺纹旋拧配置。举例来说,驱动耳片18和/或驱动部件17的螺纹中的一个或多个可以具有任何合适的形状、直径、间距、方向/取向等。在一些实施例中,驱动部件17可以包含多组螺纹,螺纹中的每一组为与邻近组螺纹相比方向相反的螺纹旋拧。在某些实施例中,螺纹中的每一组被配置成啮合不同的驱动耳片18以实现多个驱动耳片18之间的接近和/或远离移动。
驱动耳片18包含以操作方式耦接到控制器4并且配置成确定所施加力的力传感器19a(例如,转换器或类似物)。驱动部件17支撑以操作方式耦接到控制器4并且配置成确定驱动组合件15的一个或多个组件(例如,驱动耳片18)相对于它的其它组件(例如,驱动部件17)的一个或多个位置的位置传感器19b。举例来说,位置传感器19b被配置成测量电机16、驱动部件17和/或驱动耳片18的输出的位置和/或移动。
如图1C中所示的示例性实施例中所见,驱动单元14耦接到手术工具20(参见图1A)或手术器械,例如,手术器械20。手术器械20包含可移动地安装在一个或多个支撑件或轨道24上的一个或多个器械耳片22。举例来说,器械耳片22可以在z方向上沿着轨道24轴向移动,如由箭头“A3”所指示。一个或多个连接器部件26耦接到沿着手术器械20的轴杆组合件21延伸到它的末端执行器100的器械耳片22,以用于响应于一个或多个连接器部件26的移动实现它的末端执行器100和/或部分的移动。连接器部件26可以包含缆线、链条、杆、皮带等,和/或其组合。另外和/或替代地,可以移动连接器部件26以用于给予末端执行器100力,例如,以发射末端执行器(例如,钉、夹子等)。
控制器4可以控制在外科手术期间施加到电机16的电流。可以调节供应到电机16的电流以移动驱动部件17和驱动耳片18,使得驱动耳片18在相同的z方向上推动并且移动手术器械20的对应的器械耳片22以经由连接器部件26移动手术器械20的组件,例如,末端执行器100。在图1C中所示的实例中,在手术器械20中的每个连接器部件26在一个末端处附接到相应的器械耳片22,且在相反末端处附接到末端执行器100的相应的部分。响应于经由对应的驱动耳片18和/或驱动单元14的电机16的相应的器械耳片22的移动,每个连接器部件26连接到末端执行器100的不同部分以便使得末端执行器100不同地移动(例如,铰接、旋转、打开/闭合它的夹钳部件等)。
在图4A中示出了通常的在机器人手术系统的连接器上维持预先确定的张力的方法。还参考图1C,可以使用来自位置传感器19b和/或力传感器19a的数据测量连接器部件26的状况。作为最初的校准的部分,可以驱动电机16、驱动部件17和/或驱动耳片18到初始位置中。此初始位置可以称为零位置。可随后致动电机16以移动电机16、驱动部件17和/或驱动耳片18的输出远离零位置。位置传感器19b可以测量电机16、驱动部件17和/或驱动耳片18的输出远离零位置的移动的量。位置传感器19b可以继续测量这种移动至少直至在力传感器19a处所测量的力超过预定阈值。当在力传感器19a处所测量的力超过预定阈值时,距离零位置的移动的总量可以被记录为连接器部件26的参考状况。
预定力阈值可以在不同的情况下不同。在一些情况下,预定力阈值可以是固定值,其并不是对于不同的应用定制的。在其它情况下,预先确定的力可以对于不同的手术器械而不同。举例来说,可以选择预先确定的力以对应于需要施加在器械耳片22上的力的量以完全拉伸连接器部件26,而无需移动耦接于其上的组件(例如,末端执行器100)。在其它情况下,可以使用不同的标准来选择预先确定的力。
一旦确定了连接器部件26的参考状况,就可以将连接器部件26的状况中的后续改变与参考状况进行比较。为了测量在连接器部件26状况中的后续改变,可以移动电机16、驱动部件17和/或驱动耳片18的输出到零位置中。可随后致动电机16以移动电机16、驱动部件17和/或驱动耳片18的输出远离零位置。位置传感器19b可以测量电机16、驱动部件17和/或驱动耳片18的输出远离零位置的移动的量。位置传感器19b可以继续测量这种移动至少直至在力传感器19a处所测量的力超过预定阈值。当在力传感器19a处所测量的力超过预定阈值时,距离零位置的移动的总量可以被记录为连接器部件26的更新后的状况。可以随后将连接器部件26的更新后的状况与连接器部件26的参考状况进行比较以识别在连接器部件26的状况中的改变。
连接器部件26可以在高张力之下伸出或者由于连接器部件26的使用而随时间推移变形。由于连接器部件26伸出或变形,所以驱动耳片18和器械耳片22可能需要移动的距离也可以发生改变,所述移动用以在对应于在力传感器19a处所测量的预定阈值的连接器部件26中设置特定连接器部件26张力。在连接器部件26中的变形越大,则可能需要移动的驱动耳片18和器械耳片22就越多。如果在更新后的状况中的位置与在参考状况中的位置的不同多于预先确定的量,那么可以采取不同的动作。在一些情况下,如果在连接器部件26的状况中所识别的改变超过阈值,那么可以呈现最初的指示以警示人员可能需要替换连接器部件26。在一些情况下,如果在状况中的改变超过第二阈值,那么工作站1可以指示已经超过连接器部件寿命和/或防止包含连接器部件26的手术器械20的使用。在某些情况下,可以将更新后的状况和/或参考状况与已知值的集合进行比较以识别连接器部件26的估计的剩余可用寿命/健康状况。在一些情况下,可以将测量更新后的状况和参考状况的日期以及更新后的状况和参考状况的记录值与已知值的集合进行比较以识别估计的生命周期终止日期以用于替换连接器部件26。在某些情况下,可以采取不同动作和/或上述动作中的两个或两个以上。
如图2和图3中所见,末端执行器100可以包含连接到腕部组合件110的夹钳组合件120和一个或多个连接器部件“CM”,例如,用于围绕/相对于纵轴(例如,长轴“X1-X1”和/或“X2-X2”)和/或围绕/相对于枢转轴(例如,枢转轴“A-A”和/或“B-B”)移动(例如,枢转/铰接/旋转/打开/闭合)夹钳组合件120的连接器部件26。腕部组合件110将夹钳组合件120耦接到机械臂,例如,机械臂2、3。
可以参考2014年10月20日递交的标题为“用于机器人手术系统的腕部和夹钳组合件(Wrist and Jaw Assemblies for Robotic Surgical Systems)”的第PCT/US2014/61329号国际申请,所述国际申请的全部内容以引用的方式并入本文中,以用于末端执行器100的构造和操作的详细讨论。
在使用中,随着连接器部件26的移动,连接器部件26实现手术器械的每个末端执行器100的操作和/或移动(例如,参见图2和图3)。预期控制器4激活各种电机16以经由耳片22移动相应的连接器部件26以便协调一个或多个末端执行器100的操作和/或移动。虽然图1C示出了耦接到器械耳片18的连接器部件26的一个末端和耦接到末端执行器100的另一个末端,但是在一些情况下,两个或大于两个连接器部件26或单个连接器部件的两个末端可以耦接到器械耳片22。举例来说,在一些情况下,两个连接器部件或连接器部件末端可以在相反的方向上耦接到单个电机,使得随着电机在第一方向上被激活,缠绕连接器部件中的一个而释放另一连接器部件。其它连接器部件配置可用于不同的实施例中。
另外,虽然图1C示出了随着驱动耳片18向上移动一段驱动部件17驱动耳片18仅在驱动耳片18的上侧上与器械耳片22啮合,但是其它变体也是可能的。在一些情况下,驱动耳片18可以在一个以上侧面(例如,顶部和底部侧面)上与器械耳片22啮合和/或器械耳片22可以在一个以上侧面上与驱动耳片18啮合。通过耳片18、22中的至少一个在一个以上侧面上与另一个啮合可以确保耳片18、22锁定在一起,使得当驱动耳片18向上移动时,器械耳片22也向上移动,并且当驱动耳片18向下移动时,器械耳片22也向下移动。
再次参考图1A,机械臂2、3可以通过连接到控制器4的电驱动器(未示出)驱动。控制器4(例如,计算机)尤其借助于计算机程序被设置成激活驱动器,其方式为使得机械臂2、3、它们的附接装置9、11以及因此手术器械20(包含末端执行器100)根据由手动输入装置7、8所限定的移动执行所需的移动。还可设置控制器4,其方式为使得其调节机械臂2、3和/或驱动器的移动。
控制器4可包含适用于根据一组指令进行计算和/或操作的任何合适逻辑控制电路。控制器4可被配置成与远程系统“RS”无线地(例如,Wi-Fi、蓝牙、LTE等)和/或有线地通信。远程系统“RS”可包含与工作站1的各种组件、算法和/或操作相关的数据、指令和/或信息。远程系统“RS”可包含任何合适的电子服务、数据库、平台、云端或类似物。控制器4可包含可操作地连接到存储器的中央处理单元。存储器可包含暂时性类型存储器(例如,RAM)和/或非暂时性类型存储器(例如,快闪媒体、磁盘媒体等等)。在一些实施例中,存储器是远程系统“RS”的部分,和/或可操作地耦接到远程系统“RS”。
控制器4可以包含一个或多个计数器,以对例如医学工作站的组件中的一个或多个(例如,连接器部件26、末端执行器100等)的使用的次数进行计数。控制器4可以包含多个输入和输出以用于与工作站1的组件介接,例如,通过驱动器电路。控制器4可被配置成接收输入信号和/或产生输出信号以控制工作站1的各种组件中的一个或多个(例如,一个或多个电机16)。输出信号可包含算法指令和/或可基于算法指令,所述算法指令可由用户预编程和/或输入。控制器4可被配置成接收来自可以耦接到远程系统“RS”的用户界面(例如,操作控制台5的开关、按钮、触摸屏等)的多个用户输入。
数据库4a可直接地和/或间接地耦接到控制器4。数据库4a可被配置成存储来自活体13和/或解剖图谱的手术前数据。数据库4a可包含可为远程系统“RS”的部分和/或以操作方式耦接到远程系统“RS”的存储器。
在一些实施例中,数据库4a的存储器(或类似物)包含工作站1的组件中的任一者中的一个或多个的参考数据。在一些实施例中,参考数据可以是预先确定的。在某些实施例中,参考数据可以是测量的、产生的或实时存储的。参考数据可以包含工作站1的组件中的一个或多个的任何合适的特性、特征和/或状况。举例来说,存储器可以包含一个或多个连接器部件26的拉伸数据,例如,连接器部件强度、弹性,和/或适用于连接器部件26中的一个或多个的降级数据、连接器部件26中的一个或多个的使用的次数,和/或连接器部件26中的一个或多个的年龄。在一些实施例中,参考数据可以包含范围或范围的集合,实时数据可以与所述范围或范围的集合进行比较和对比以用于确定健康状况(例如,耗尽的使用寿命和/或剩余的使用寿命)。数据库4a的存储器也可以存储连接器部件参考状况、一个或多个更新后的连接器部件状况,和/或与所存储的状况相关联的其它数据,例如,测量、产生或存储所述状况的日期。
工作站1可以支撑可以与控制器4和/或远程系统“RS”电通信的一个或多个位置传感器19b和力传感器19a。传感器19a、19b可被配置成提供指示实时位置和力数据的输入信号到控制器4。力传感器19a可以包含应变计荷重计和/或压电荷重计。位置传感器19b可以包含绝对或递增位置传感器。在一些情况下,其中位置传感器被配置成测量旋转对象(例如,驱动部件17和/或电机16的轴杆输出)的位置信息,位置传感器19b可以包含旋转编码器或将旋转输出的角度位置或运动转换成模拟或数字代码的其它传感器。传感器19a、19b可被配置成在类似间隔处对位置或力信息进行实时测量、采样和/或发射,使得来自传感器19a、19b中的每一个的数据彼此相符。
控制器4可以经编程以对实时数据与参考数据进行比较并且提供响应于实时数据与参考数据的比较的输出信号。在实施例中,控制器4可被配置成与电机16中的一个或多个通信以响应于输出信号调节耳片18、22的位置和/或连接器部件26中的一个或多个中的张力的量。在一些实施例中,控制器4可被配置成在手术器械20耦接到机械臂2、3中的一个时检查手术器械20中的连接器部件26是否与任何先前所存储的参考状况相关联。控制器4可随后被配置成检索使得存储器达到例如关联存在的程度的参考状况,否则的话控制器4可被配置成触发上述过程中的一个或多个以产生参考状况并且随后存储参考状况。一旦参考状况已经产生和/或检索,则控制器4可被配置成响应于一个或多个事件进一步触发上述过程中的一个或多个以产生和/或存储连接器部件26的更新后的状况。这些事件可以包含例如手术器械20到机械臂2、3的最初的和/或随后的耦接;超过阈值的手术器械20的使用计数;用户起始的命令;和/或一个或多个时间周期的到期。
一般来说,如图4B中所说明,工作站1的组件(例如,一个或多个连接器部件26)的参考数据/信息可以存储在存储器中,例如,在耦接到医学工作站1和/或远程系统“RS”的部分的存储器装置上,如上文所述。此类数据/信息可以在工作站1的一个或多个组件的任何使用之前存储。可以出现一个或多个第一事件,例如上文所述的那些(例如,产生和存储参考或更新状况、使用一个或多个连接器部件26和/或一个或多个连接器部件26的使用次数),使得可以测量工作站1的组件的实时数据。在组件中的一个或多个的使用之前,实时数据的测量可以借助于力传感器19a和位置传感器19b和/或控制器4来确定。
在某些实施例中,一个或多个连接器部件26的参考数据可以与一个或多个连接器部件26的所测量的实时数据进行比较以相对于一个或多个连接器部件26的初始健康状况确定一个或多个连接器部件26的实时健康状况(例如,剩余的/耗尽的使用寿命)。如果连接器部件26中的一个或多个的使用寿命/健康状况保留或是完整的,那么可以提供输出信号。可以与一个或多个第一事件不同和/或相同的另一事件的出现也可以提供输出信号。如果没有健康状况/使用寿命保留或是以另外的方式注册/完整的,那么可能存在连接器部件26的故障或无法使用,这可需要工作站1的组件中的一个或多个(例如,连接器部件、末端执行器等)的调节和/或替换。输出信号可以是任何合适的信号,例如,健康状况/剩余的使用寿命的指示(例如,经由使用的次数、时间周期等)(如果存在的话),和/或故障。指示故障的输出信号可以在连接器部件26中的一个或多个的破坏之后或在一个或多个连接器部件26的延长超过预先确定的量之后由控制器4产生。如可以理解的,所存储的预先确定的数据可以是周期性地预设和/或更新的,包含在使用之前、使用期间和/或使用之后。
预期本发明的方法涉及基于比较连接器部件26的张力与耦接到连接器部件26的组件的位置确定连接器部件中的拉伸改变。在一些实施例中,控制器4可被配置成产生/分析力与位置曲线图以近似连接器部件26的降级。
在一些情况下,所述方法可以包含起始连接器部件26中的参考状况的校准,但是在其它情况下这种特征可以是先前执行、计算或估计的。所述方法可包含在其一次或多次使用之后测量一个或多个连接器部件26的实时数据。
在某些实施例中,所述方法涉及响应于一个或多个事件使指示一个或多个连接器部件26的实时数据的输出信号自动化。一个或多个事件可以包含手术工具的第一次使用、在手术工具的第一次使用之后的手术工具的使用,和/或一个或多个时间周期的到期。
所述方法可以包含接收指示用户输入的输入信号作为事件以起始指示一个或多个连接器部件26的实时数据的输出信号。所述方法可以涉及注册一个或多个连接器部件26的故障并且提供指示故障的输出信号。
现转而参考图5,说明了用于医学工作站1中的末端执行器200的一个实施例。末端执行器200是缠绕式手术装置,其使用在一对连接器部件231a、231b的四个连接器部件末端230a-230d上的差分缆线张力以驱动三个初级运动输出:横摆移动,通过箭头“Y”说明;纵摇移动,通过箭头“P”说明;以及抓握移动,通过箭头“J”说明。
末端执行器200包含以操作方式耦接到医学工作站1的安装部件或腕部组合件210、夹钳组合件220、连接器部件组合件230和U形夹240。
可以形成手术器械20的轴杆组合件21的部分的腕部组合件210具有安装主体210a,所述安装主体具有耦接到手术器械20的近侧端(图1C)。安装主体210a向远端延伸到包含第一臂210b和第二臂210c的一对间隔开的臂。该对间隔开的臂限定横向穿过第一臂210b和第二臂210c中的每一个延伸的第一插脚通道210d和第二插脚通道210e。腕部组合件210支撑相应地与第一插脚通道210d和第二插脚通道210e对齐的惰轮的第一集合212和惰轮的第二集合214,使得惰轮的第一集合212位于惰轮的第二集合214的近端。惰轮的第一集合212和惰轮的第二集合214相应地经由第一滑轮插脚250a和第二滑轮插脚250b紧固到腕部组合件210。第二滑轮插脚250b和惰轮的第二集合214限定纵摇轴“C1”,围绕所述轴第一夹钳部件222和第二夹钳部件224相对于纵轴“L”纵摇。
夹钳组合件220包含可枢转地耦接在一起的第一夹钳部件222和第二夹钳部件224。第一夹钳部件222包含从夹钳滑轮222b向远端延伸的抓握部分222a。第二夹钳部件224包含从夹钳滑轮224b向远端延伸的抓握部分224a。第一夹钳滑轮222b和第二夹钳滑轮224b可以相应地与抓握部分222a、224a一体地形成。抓握部分222a、224a包含被配置成啮合组织的相应的组织啮合表面222c、224c。第一夹钳滑轮222b和第二夹钳滑轮224b限定被配置成接收连接器部件组合件230的相应的第一连接器部件通道222d和第二连接器部件通道224d。
连接器部件组合件230包含围绕惰轮的集合212、214和夹钳滑轮222b、224b布设/缠绕到多个连接器部件部分230a-230d的一对连接器部件231a、231b。该对连接器部件231a、231b的第一连接器部件231a包含在其一端处的多个连接器部件部分230a-230d的第一连接器部件部分230a以及在其第二端处的多个连接器部件部分230a-230d的第二连接器部件部分230c。该对连接器部件231a、231b的第二连接器部件231b包含在其第一端处的多个连接器部件部分230a-230d的第三连接器部件部分230b以及在其第二端处的多个连接器部件部分230a-230d的第四连接器部件部分230d。多个套管232(仅示出了一个)耦接到该对连接器部件231a、231b以将该对连接器部件231a、231b相应地紧固到夹钳组合件220的第一夹钳部件222和第二夹钳部件224。第一连接器部件231a的中心部分通过该对套管232中的第一者紧固到第一夹钳部件222的夹钳滑轮222b,并且第二连接器部件231b的中心部分通过该对套管232中的第二者紧固到第二夹钳部件224的夹钳滑轮224b。缆线部件部分230a-230d的近端耦接到手术器械22的一个或多个器械耳片22,使得连接器部件部分230a-230d响应于器械耳片22的移动而移动,如上文所述。
举例来说,如图6A-图6D中所见,连接器部件部分230a-230d中的一个或多个可以在与其它连接器部件部分230a-230d中的一个或多个的相同和/或相反方向上独立于其它连接器部件部分230a-230d中的一个或多个而移动和/或与其它连接器部件部分230a-230d中的一个或多个同时移动以实现夹钳组合件220的纵摇、横摆和/或打开/闭合。
继续参考图5和图6A-图6D,U形夹240包含从基底部分246延伸的一对指状物242、244。该对指状物242、244中的每一个与另一个间隔开,并且该对指状物242、244一起限定延伸穿过其中的插脚通路242a。基底部分246通过枢转销250b可枢转地安装到惰轮的第二集合214以使得夹钳组合件220能够相对于末端执行器200的纵轴“L”纵摇/铰接连接,如由箭头“P”所指示。夹钳组合件220的夹钳滑轮222b、224b耦合在一起并且通过枢转销250c安装在U形夹240的该对指状物242、244之间。枢转销250c和夹钳组合件220的夹钳滑轮222b、224b相应地限定横摆轴“C2”和抓握轴“C3”,它们是彼此相符的。插脚通路242a接收枢转销250c以使得夹钳组合件220能够相对于末端执行器200的纵轴“L”围绕横摆轴“C2”横摆,如由箭头“Y”所指示,和/或围绕抓握轴“C3”打开/闭合夹钳组合件220,如由箭头“J”所指示。通过这种布置,腕部长度得到最小化,使得纵摇和/或横摆移动更大,同时最小化轴杆运动,这继而使得多个仪器能够一起放置的更接近和/或使得末端执行器能够更快的操控。
在使用中,该对连接器部件231a、231b,即多个连接器部件部分230a-230d可以通过器械耳片22的移动和/或电机“M”的旋转(顺时针或逆时针)得到牵引和/或释放,如上文所述,以实现纵摇、横摆、抓握/解剖和/或这些运动的任何组合。这种差分驱动布置有利地使得该对连接器部件231a、231b中的张力能够按需要得到调节和/或松弛,例如,以限制施加到手术系统的各种组件(例如,连接器部件、滑轮、耳片等)的负载。此外,可以使用位置传感器19a和/或力传感器19b以主动地监测输出负载,例如,抓握力、围绕纵摇轴的扭矩以及围绕横摆轴的扭矩。
在结合具有四个连接器部件差分布置(参见例如,连接器部件部分230a、230b、230c和230d)的末端执行器200的实施例执行的力反馈测试中,个体连接器部件张力是使用具有每个连接器部件部分的单独位置控制的试验台监测的以计算一对夹钳部件(参见例如,第一夹钳部件222和第二夹钳部件224)的远端尖端处的力。试验台包含在其尖端处具有测力计的17-4H900直接金属激光烧结(Direct Metal Laser sintered,DMLS)夹钳的定制夹钳集合以评估使用全长钨连接器部件的连接器部件张力来评估尖端抓握力“F”的可行性。夹钳集合的每个夹钳部件包含夹钳滑轮。每个夹钳滑轮具有相同半径。
随后通过对作用在夹钳集合的两个夹钳部件上的力使用下式进行平均来计算出尖端力:
夹钳集合的第一夹钳部件(“Jaw1”)的力(“Jaw1Force”)=
[(T3-T1)x夹钳滑轮中的一个的半径]/夹钳部件中的一个的长度;
夹钳集合的第二夹钳部件(“Jaw2”)的力(“Jaw2Force”)=
[(T4-T2)x夹钳滑轮中的一个的半径]/夹钳部件中的一个的长度;以及
计算出的力=
[Jaw1Force+Jaw2Force]/2;
其中T1-T4对应于相应地施加到连接器部件部分230a-230d的张力。
为了模拟外力的存在,Jaw1和Jaw2被驱动到彼此中以仅相对于抓握(参见图7A)并且相对于组合的抓握和移动(参见图7B)产生力数据。如在图7A和图7B中所见,在运行循环测试同时改变夹钳、纵摇和横摆角度之后,随后在图形上相对于计算出的力绘制结果。负夹钳角度指示夹钳重叠:负值越大,则模拟力越高。相对于图7B,图形指示随着夹钳角度的减小,计算出的抓握力以抓握力的增大追踪所测量的夹钳力。图7A示出了没有任何纵摇和横摆运动的所测量的力与计算出的力,因为Jaw1和Jaw2是闭合在一起的。即使在此情况下,计算出的力追踪所测量的力。当Jaw1和Jaw2移动到更接近彼此时(闭合),存在正偏移(计算出的力大于所测量的力)。当Jaw1和Jaw2开始远离彼此移动时(打开),这种偏移发生逆转。一旦夹钳角度大于零,则不存在通过荷重计记录的力。
与图7A中所示的计算出的力中的偏移相比图7B中所示的计算出的力的接近完美的追踪可以通过考虑摩擦说明。在测试中,连接器部件被预负载到20N以增大系统中的刚度。当Jaw1和Jaw2被驱动到彼此中时,张力上升120N。此连接器部件张力牵引Jaw1和Jaw2到枢转销中,在枢转销上Jaw1和Jaw2旋转。枢转销与Jaw1和Jaw2之间的法线力引起与所施加的力相反的摩擦力。摩擦力的方向变化取决于运动方向。
因此,在无摩擦存在的情况下:
Jaw1Force=Jaw2Force
在摩擦存在的情况下:
当Jaw1被驱动到Jaw2中时Jaw1Force=F+f,但是
当Jaw1与Jaw2接触并且被驱动远离Jaw2时Jaw1Force=F-f
类似地,
当Jaw2被驱动到Jaw1中时Jaw2Force=F+f,但是
当Jaw2与Jaw1接触并且被驱动远离Jaw1时Jaw2Force=F-f
其中横摆运动以及夹钳闭合的组合使得Jaw1朝向Jaw2移动而Jaw2移动离开Jaw1:
Jaw1Force=F+f并且Jaw2Force=F-f
计算出的力=(Jaw1Force+Jaw2Force)/2=(F+f+F-f)/2=F
当Jaw1和Jaw2两者朝向彼此移动或远离彼此移动时出现测量值中的误差。误差是+/-f。误差的此2f范围可以在所绘制的数据中作为观察到的与测量值之间的差异观察到(最大3N)。
虽然所测量的力的准确性取决于系统中的总体摩擦,但是考虑到摩擦,所测量的和计算出的力在所绘制的测试情况的两者中近似完美的彼此追踪,由此证明了通过监测连接器部件张力评估抓握力的能力。
所属领域的技术人员应理解,本文中特定地所描述且附图中所示的结构及方法是非限制性的示例性实施例,且应将描述、揭示内容及图仅仅解释为示例性的具体实施例。因此,应理解,本发明并不限于所描述的精确实施例,且所属领域的技术人员可在不脱离本发明的范围或精神的情况下实现各种其它改变及修改。另外,可在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下将结合某些实施例所示或描述的元件及特征与某些其它实施例的元件及特征组合,且此类修改及变化也包含在本发明的范围内。因此,本发明的标的物并不受到已特定地示出及描述的内容限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种机器人手术系统,其包括:
控制器;
手术器械,其支撑末端执行器;
至少一个连接器部件,其耦接到所述末端执行器并且是可移动的以操作所述末端执行器;
存储器,其可操作地耦接到所述控制器并且被配置成维持所述至少一个连接器部件的参考数据;以及
传感器,其可操作地耦接到所述至少一个连接器部件并且安置成与所述控制器电通信,所述传感器被配置成记录所述至少一个连接器部件的实时数据并且将所述实时数据传送到所述控制器;
其中所述控制器被配置成对所述实时数据与所述参考数据进行比较并且响应于所述实时数据与所述参考数据的比较提供输出信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术系统,其中所述传感器包含:力传感器、位置传感器或其组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术系统,其中所述传感器包含多个传感器,并且所述至少一个连接器部件包含多个连接器部件,所述多个连接器部件中的每一个可操作地耦接到所述多个传感器中的至少一个。
4.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术系统,其中所述控制器可操作地耦接到至少一个电机,所述控制器被配置成与所述至少一个电机通信以响应于所述输出信号调节所述至少一个连接器部件中的张力的量。
5.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术系统,其中所述控制器被配置成响应于至少一个事件提供所述输出信号。
6.根据权利要求5所述的机器人手术系统,其中所述至少一个事件包含以下各项中的至少一者:
所述手术器械的第一次使用;
在所述手术器械的所述第一次使用之后的所述手术器械的使用;
用户起始的命令;或者
至少一个时间周期的到期。
7.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术系统,其中所述参考数据包含以下各项中的至少一者:
所述至少一个连接器部件的特性;
施加到所述至少一个连接器部件的力;
所述至少一个连接器部件的使用的次数;或者
所述至少一个连接器部件的年龄。
8.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术系统,其进一步包含驱动组合件,所述驱动组合件具有驱动部件和支撑在所述驱动部件上的驱动耳片,所述驱动部件耦接到安置成与所述控制器电通信的电机,所述至少一个连接器部件紧固到器械耳片,所述驱动耳片和所述器械耳片可啮合以随着响应于所述电机的致动所述驱动耳片沿着所述驱动部件移动而操控所述末端执行器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的机器人手术系统,其中所述驱动部件和所述驱动耳片以可螺纹旋拧方式啮合,所述驱动部件可旋转以沿着所述驱动部件轴向移动所述驱动耳片。
10.一种确定机器人手术系统的至少一个连接器部件的健康状况的方法,所述至少一个连接器部件可操作地耦接到所述机器人手术系统的末端执行器并且是可移动的以操作所述末端执行器,所述方法包括:
在所述至少一个连接器部件的初始使用之前存储所述至少一个连接器部件的参考数据,所述至少一个连接器部件具有初始健康状况;
在所述至少一个连接器部件的所述初始使用之后测量所述至少一个连接器部件的实时数据;以及
比较所述至少一个连接器部件的所述参考数据与所述至少一个连接器部件的所测量的实时数据以确定相对于所述至少一个连接器部件的所述初始健康状况的所述至少一个连接器部件的实时健康状况。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中测量所述至少一个连接器部件的实时数据包含测量施加到所述至少一个连接器部件的力。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,进一步包含响应于所述至少一个连接器部件的所述实时数据中的改变校准所述至少一个连接器部件中的张力。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其进一步包含响应于至少一个事件使指示所述至少一个连接器部件的实时数据的输出信号自动化。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其进一步包含接收指示用户输入的输入信号以起始指示所述至少一个连接器部件的实时数据的输出信号。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其进一步包含记录所述至少一个连接器部件的故障并且提供指示所述故障的输出信号。
16.一种机器人手术系统,其包括:
控制器;
第一连接器部件;
第二连接器部件;
末端执行器,其包含第一部件和第二夹钳部件,所述第一夹钳部件包含第一夹钳滑轮以及从所述第一夹钳滑轮中延伸的第一抓握部分,所述第二夹钳部件包含第二夹钳滑轮以及从所述第二夹钳滑轮中延伸的第二抓握部分,所述第一连接器部件紧固到所述第一夹钳滑轮并且所述第二连接器部件紧固到所述第二夹钳滑轮,所述第一连接器部件和第二连接器部件是可移动的以在三个不同输出之间移动所述第一夹钳部件和第二夹钳部件;以及
至少一个电机,其可操作地耦接到所述控制器并且可操作地耦接到所述第一连接器部件和第二连接器部件,所述至少一个电机是可致动的以移动所述第一连接器部件和第二连接器部件。
17.根据权利要求16所述的机器人手术系统,其中所述第一夹钳滑轮与所述第一抓握部分一体地形成并且所述第二夹钳滑轮与所述第二抓握部分一体地形成。
18.根据权利要求16所述的机器人手术系统,其中所述第一夹钳滑轮和第二夹钳滑轮耦接到安装到惰轮的集合的U形夹,所述第一连接器部件和第二连接器部件围绕惰轮的集合以及所述第一夹钳滑轮和第二夹钳滑轮布设。
19.根据权利要求16所述的机器人手术系统,其进一步包含支撑驱动单元的机械臂,所述驱动单元包含具有至少一个驱动部件和支撑在所述至少一个驱动部件上的至少一个驱动耳片的驱动组合件,所述至少一个驱动部件耦接到所述至少一个电机,所述第一连接器部件和第二连接器部件中的至少一个紧固到至少一个器械耳片,所述至少一个驱动耳片和所述至少一个器械耳片是可啮合的以随着响应于所述至少一个电机的致动所述至少一个驱动耳片沿着所述至少一个驱动部件移动而操控所述末端执行器。
20.根据权利要求19所述的机器人手术系统,其中所述至少一个驱动部件和所述至少一个驱动耳片以可螺纹旋拧方式啮合,所述至少一个驱动部件可旋转以沿着所述至少一个驱动部件轴向移动所述至少一个驱动耳片。
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