CN107404968A - 热舒适性得以改进的鞋 - Google Patents
热舒适性得以改进的鞋 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
鞋或靴(1)具有改进的热舒适性,并且包括:鞋面(2),所述鞋面(2)在后帮(7)和前鞋头末端处具有一层包含相变微胶囊的记忆泡沫层(22);用相变微胶囊浸渍的内衬和鞋内底(13);以及储槽(40),所述储槽(40)在鞋底(3)中获得并且通过填充相变微胶囊的穿孔鞋内底部分(14)与鞋子内部分离,其中,所述相变微胶囊的固化温度为约18℃和23℃之间,并且熔融温度为24℃和32℃之间。
Description
描述
本发明涉及热舒适性得以改进的鞋、特别是鞋或靴,其通常包括彼此连接的鞋面和鞋底、以及设置在鞋面内部隔间中专用于容纳脚的足底鞋底(plantar sole),所述鞋面具有:前鞋头末端(front toe-end)、后帮(rear counter)、和具有增强布料制造的内衬(inner lining)的鞋腰,所述鞋底具有:支承前部(resting front portion)和后跟。
该鞋装有微胶囊,所述微胶囊包含在预定温度下从液体变为固体(也可发生相反的变化)的相变材料。微胶囊的目的在于使得脚保持在基本对应于相变温度的恒定温度中,直至该变化完全发生,也就是说,即使当外部温度突然改变,也能保持一段时间的恒定温度。
设计这些鞋子特别用于寒冷气候,在该寒冷气候中,路过外部常规受热环境,脚将会有热冲击风险。
在相变材料(PCM)中,累积潜热的材料是指通过保持其本身的恒定温度,利用相转变现象吸收进入的能量流,从而储存大量能量。PCM在低于转变温度的温度下是固体,当温度升高并且超过确定的阈值时(所述阈值取决于材料),材料通过从由身体活动而过热的身体上去除热来累积热(液化潜热(liquefaction latent)),进行液化。以相同的方式,当温度降低时,材料固化并释放热量(固化潜热(solidification latent))。
这些温度调节材料是设计技术服装和鞋中的新型技术方案,因为其是有趣的系统,所述系统用于通过降低内部温度峰值、并随后降低人体使用的能量消耗,来减轻环境温度的波动,以保持健康的热条件。
在服装和鞋的制造中必须使用的PCM的要求为:
·符合人体健康的熔融温度和凝固温度;
·高相变热(液化/固化);
·不具有毒性、腐蚀性和吸湿性。
现在,用于在技术服饰中使用的具有该特征的大多数实验PCM是作为炼油或通过聚合的副产物获得的石蜡有机化合物(paraffinic organic compound)和烃。
这种材料与容纳系统(containment system)一起使用,并且最常用的是宏观封装和微型封装(macro and micro encapsulation)。在本发明中,对微胶囊特别感兴趣,因为它们容易与泡沫或树脂混合,并且它们甚至可以用于浸渍多孔组织或材料。
在本领域多个文件中已知描述了该微胶囊与鞋组合使用。通常,微胶囊存在于鞋和运动靴中,但是或者具有高性能,但不能改进鞋的外观。
为此目的,在鞋领域中使用微胶囊的例子已知为:美国专利第5,499,460号,其涉及富含微胶囊的鞋底;1998年的国际专利申请第1998/46669号(聚波科技有限公司(Gateway Technologies Inc.)),其涉及含有微胶囊的泡沫;或者2003年的美国专利第6,660,667号,其涉及用于组织涂层的含微胶囊组合物。
或者,美国专利第6,892,478描述了一种具有在鞋底前部提供相变材料的特别鞋底的鞋子;所述鞋子的类型是包含具有内部小底的鞋底和具有鞋舌的鞋面:所述小底包含第一聚合材料,该第一聚合材料包含第一相变微胶囊,而鞋面包含第二聚合材料,该第二聚合物材料包含第二相变微胶囊,其中两种微胶囊具有不同的相变温度。
国际专利申请第2011/027015号描述了相变微胶囊用于鞋子的应用,并且国际专利申请第WO 2005/020735号涉及在由层状材料制成的内部小底中用由相变颗粒构成的填料对具有热调节层的女士鞋进行改进。
然而,这些鞋子的示例在结合特定美学特征时失败,因此其需要不改变鞋子本身的常规形状,而一旦穿着,当经受例如从温度远低于0℃的冬季气候到过热内部环境的强热冲击时(正如在寒冷地区和山里经常发生的),具有真正的舒适性。
提供可接受舒适性的重要因素是过渡时间(transition duration),而且鞋子元件和脚之间完美贴合,以使得脚能够享受总是保持在可接受温度范围内的转变温度(transition temperature)。
本发明的目的在于提供能够克服上述已知技术缺陷的鞋子。
该目的通过如上具体所述的鞋子实现,其中,足底小底(plantar small sole)在前侧具有在鞋底前部处的洞,在鞋底厚度中获得储槽,并且,其中:
·鞋面在后帮和前鞋头末端处具有一层包含相变微胶囊的记忆泡沫层;
·内衬和小底用相变微胶囊浸渍;
·上述储槽用相变微胶囊填充,
所述相变微胶囊的固化温度为18℃和23℃之间,并且熔融温度为24℃和32℃之间。
如前文所述具有改进的热舒适性的鞋通过在从热倒冷以及从冷到热时在鞋各位置为脚提供最佳可能环境,确保了长期保持舒适性温度的效果。
本发明单纯通过例举的方式而非限制性目的的方式,通过参考所附附图进行说明,其中:
·图1显示根据本发明鞋的俯视图;
·图2以局部截面方式显示图1中鞋的侧视图;
·图3显示说明图1中鞋内部的截面图;
·图4显示图3中鞋的详细放大图;并且
·图5、图6和图7以透视图方式显示鞋底组件。
参考上述的鞋,在记忆泡沫的情况下,通常加入化学产品的聚氨酯意味着增加其粘度和密度。它们通常定义为发泡的粘弹性聚氨酯材料,或低回弹性的聚氨酯泡沫(LRPu)。高密度记忆泡沫橡胶由于与身体的热量反应而软化,由此能够在几分钟内模塑为身体形状。低密度记忆泡沫对压力敏感,并且通过受压快速适应人体形状,一旦压力移除,则返回到其原始形状。
鞋面通常由从动物皮获得的皮革制成,所述动物皮在鞣制工艺后具有防腐性能。在目前的语言中,皮革也称为皮(skin)或皮草(hide),其具有非常高的抗性以及特别是卫生保健特征,使得其特别适合用于鞋的生产,有利于蒸腾,并随后避免由于鞋内水分滞留产生的真菌、霉菌以及其它皮肤和脚部病症。由胶原纤维的三维交织构成的特别皮革结构使得皮革甚至具有隔热性能,这在冬季时尤为有用。
除了动物来源的皮革织物之外,还有从视觉角度来看相似的模仿皮革的替代材料,然而,其不具有由于真皮特别结构导致的其它功能或性能特征。
参照附图,整体标示为1的鞋可以是手工制作的。
其包括彼此连接的鞋面2和鞋底3。鞋1的内部容纳有设置在鞋面2内部隔间的专用于容纳脚的足底小底13。
鞋面2具有前鞋头末端4、后帮7、以及具有增强布料制造的内衬的鞋腰6。
鞋底3具有支承前部和后跟8,连接到与根骨对应的鞋底2的后部9。
在前侧的鞋底小底13具有在鞋底2的所述前部处的洞14,在鞋底厚度中,获得用相变微胶囊的层41填充的储槽40(图6)。
鞋面2在后帮7和前鞋头末端4处具有一层记忆泡沫层22,所述记忆泡沫层22包含在合适混合物中的与层41中相同类型的相变微胶囊。
特别是,后帮7具有外层20和内衬23,在外层20和内衬23之间插入所述泡沫层22,并且进一步,外层20面向泡沫的表面21也用浸渍了微胶囊的树脂层进行涂刷。
鞋1甚至包括鞋带11和具有复合结构的鞋舌10:所述复合结构包括内侧用微胶囊的内沉积物(inner deposition)26涂刷的外层27、以及置于衬里24上的泡沫层25。
此外,鞋面2的厚度30包括外层31(例如由皮革制成)、以及衬里33、以及插入外层31和衬里33之间的微胶囊层32。
甚至鞋底13、特别是鞋底14的后部用相变微胶囊浸渍。
如前所述,所述相变微胶囊的固化温度为约18℃和23℃之间,并且熔融温度为24℃和32℃之间。
实施例-材料和方法
施加由填充有相变微胶囊(微PCM)的组织制成的插入件
由密织棉(percale cotton)制成的布料载体:
尺寸=205±1mm x 435±1mm x 0.20±0.01mm;
重量11.95±0.01g。
用于将微PCM固定在密织棉上的粘结剂:
CRLEM RP6005,具有=60%的高含量干组分的丙烯酸树脂,
稀释比为100g蒸馏水中15mg丙烯酸类树脂。
相变微胶囊(微PCM):
微PCM,中晶科技有限公司(Microtek Laboratories,Inc.),“MPCM 28D”(D:干粉末);
熔点:28℃;
凝固点:18℃;
包含于微胶囊中的材料:正十八烷(n-Octadecanep)
分散在丙烯酸粘结剂中的微PCM百分比相对于粘结剂的干组分为300重量%。
制造由组织制成的插入件
在由密织棉(100%棉)制成的载体上,称重11.95±0.01g,用具有压缩空气的喷漆枪,喷涂150g的溶液(基于ACRILEM RP6005丙烯酸分散体)。
溶液以喷涂数次(每侧2次)的方式分布到两个布表面上。所述溶液具有以下组成:
粘结剂(ACRILEM RP 6005) | 15.02±0.01 | g | |
粘结剂的干残余物 | 60% | 9.01±0.01 | g |
相对于粘结剂干残余物的胶囊 | 300% | 27.11±0.01 | g |
蒸馏水 | 100.22±0.01 | g | |
混合物总计 | 151.36 | g |
在丙烯酸溶液的每次喷涂之后,将经处理的布在140℃的加热器中放置10分钟,以进行处理工艺。
在喷涂工艺之后,经处理组织的最终重量结果为30.85±0.01g,约为7,并且厚度为0.500±0.01mm。
通过使用用于切割鞋面的样品小纸板,从经处理的组织获得两个插入件,所述插入件分别具有约113和202cm2的表面,以及约0.500±0.01mm的厚度。
插入件位于鞋样品的衬里和鞋面之间。
在填充有相变微胶囊(微PCM)的鞋面和衬里表面上的应用
用于鞋面的皮革:小牛皮(calf tassel)(Foster),植物鞣制。
用于衬里的皮革:铬鞣制的羊皮
填充有微PCM的涂饰(finishing)溶液:
·Compact Baygen AP2:制备具有助剂的聚氨酯和丙烯酸分散体,用于改进皮革纹理。
·Baysin LN:助剂,用于控制在皮革涂饰工艺中基于水的溶液的粘度。
·Bayderm前体APRI:在皮革涂饰工艺中使用的聚氨酯溶液。
·稀释水。
·微PCM MPCM 28D。
皮革的制备,用于通过加入微PCM浸渍鞋面和衬里
加入皮革,用于由微PCM MPCM 28D浸渍鞋面和衬里,以用辊涂覆的涂覆工艺进行施加。
施加到皮革上的含有微PCM的分散体具有以下组成:
涂覆溶液组成 | 重量(g) | % |
微PCM MPCM 28D | 10.00 | 4 |
Compact Baygen AP2 | 100.00 | 47 |
稀释水 | 50.00 | 23 |
Baysin LN | 50.00 | 23 |
Bayderm前体APV | 15.00 | 7 |
由涂覆通过涂覆工艺沉积在鞋面和衬里的皮革表面的膜的厚度为约0.08±0.01mm,而两种类型的皮革厚度为约0.54±0.01mm。
从皮革加入微PCM开始,制造用于鞋面和衬里的板(panels)。
在鞋样品的平台(plateau)中创造微PCM的储槽
从平台开始,在初始重量为约53.01g的EVA中去除约12.44g的聚合物,以获得腔体,其中,所述腔体可以倒入胶和微PCM的混合物。在其中获得腔体的平台(平台最终重量为40.57g)中,以两次施加将约34g的填充有49.89%微PCM的基于乳胶的胶合物倒入。在每次施加后,混合物静置干燥24小时。
相对于粘合剂的干组分(60%),确定加入胶合物中的微PCM的量,以获得相对于粘合剂干组分的300%的浓度。
混合物进行干燥,则平台的最终重量结果为约63.27g。
根据以下方法制备混合物:
由普拉托(意大利)NTT未来纺织技术研究院(Next Technology Tecnotessile)提供的开孔粘弹性泡沫制造的30x 30cm板获得记忆泡沫插入件。
泡沫由水发泡聚氨酯构成。作为泡沫的载体,使用聚酯制成的布。
在制造过程中,泡沫填充有30重量%的微PCM。
为了改进样品的穿着舒适性,施加以下插入件:
鞋内底(footbed),重量为6g、表面为约104cm2、且厚度变化为从鞋尖(tip)区域的1mm至根骨区域的4mm。
用于后帮的插入件的重量为5g,表面为约75cm2。
鞋面组件
通过将用微PCM浸渍的组织放置在衬里和鞋面之间,制造鞋子的鞋面部分。经浸渍的组织替代通常在鞋中用作载体的增强布料。在没有支撑布料的情况下,不能在模具上组装皮革板,因为皮革会导致过于脆弱,并且可能会撕裂。
此外,在利用聚氯丁二烯粘合剂(即,)性能施加记忆泡沫插入件之后,在衬里和鞋面之间放置用于根骨的后帮(由压缩硬纸板制成)。
甚至记忆泡沫插入件还放置在设置于脚背宽度(instep girth)上的鞋舌中。使用与之前用于固定后帮的相同粘合剂施加插入件。
一旦将具有微PCM浸渍组织的衬里和鞋面的板以及记忆泡沫插入件组装起来,则将整个组合件放置在模具上。
由衬里和鞋面的板、经浸渍的组织和插入件构成的多层在模具上成型,并通过聚氯丁二烯粘合剂和修鞋匠的小铆钉固定到鞋底。
在鞋底上,预先施加直径约1mm的洞,以有利于脚和置入平台中的微PCM储槽之间进行热交换。
在小底上,放置由记忆泡沫聚氨酯获得的鞋内底。为了避免泡沫和脚之间的直接接触,在鞋内底上,放置由与衬里相同皮革获得的干净底座(underbed),并用聚氯丁二烯胶合物进行固定。甚至在该情况下,为了有利于脚和存在于平台中的微PCM储槽之间进行热交换,在干净的小底和鞋内底上同时施加直径约3mm的洞。
用聚氯丁二烯粘合剂将平台固定到小底之下的位于模具上的结构。
一旦固定到鞋面上,用与鞋面相同的皮革覆盖平台。
然后,提供固定由皮革制成的鞋底。
最后,施加鞋跟并固定。甚至鞋跟也由用于施加鞋面板的皮革进行覆盖。
第二个鞋样品的热性能表征
红“系带鞋(francesina)”型鞋样品的热性能表征试验在K型热电偶和PC PicoLog TC-08接口卡的帮助下进行。
通过在跖骨和足弓区域中放置四个热电偶(每个鞋型2个)由一个模特协同进行试验。模特同时穿着两只鞋子(样品鞋和对照鞋)不少于60分钟。
试验结果证实,穿鞋样品的脚的温度比同样穿鞋样品的脚低约2℃。因此,在极端条件下对样品的热调节性能进行测试。
通过将样品鞋和对照鞋同时在SO℃的加热器中放置2小时,随后在-20℃的冰箱中进一步放置2小时进行测试。在此情况下,在跖骨和足弓区域中放置四个热电偶(每个鞋型2个)。以50分钟的间隔重复进行总共4小时的测试过程。
测试结果证实,鞋尖区域中,加热过程中鞋样品的温度显示出比同款鞋低约10℃,冷却过程中低约20℃。
此外,测试证实,在足弓和鞋面之间的区域中,加热过程中鞋样品的温度显示出比同款鞋低约7.5℃,冷却过程中低约13℃。
插入鞋样品中的记忆泡沫插入件的性能表征
考虑通过四个不同类型的鞋进行用于表征存在于鞋样品中的记忆泡沫插入件性能的测试:由麂皮制成的黑色浅口鞋(décolleté)(尺码38)、由漆皮制成的黑色浅口鞋(décolleté)(尺码38)、红色系带鞋(francesina)样品(尺码37)、同款红色系带鞋(francesina)(尺码37)。
考虑用两个不同的模特(1-身高:175cm,体重:64kg,尺码38;2-身高158cm,体重54kg,尺码37),适当校准的力传感器(即,的传感器)和合适的数据采集系统进行测试。
在双足静止(两个脚都在底面上)和鞋跟离地的过程期间进行测试。
浅口(décolleté)鞋主要用于验证方法和试验设定。
由通过一个模特同时穿两种类型的黑色浅口(décolleté)鞋获得的结果依据双脚静止和离地过程期间的情况下在不同结构区域中测定的压力最大值显示在下表中。
所进行的测试显示出两种类型系带鞋(francesina)的最大压力的差值。特别是,所评估“样品鞋”具体位置的压力最大值似乎明显高于由“同款鞋”获得的压力最大值。该结果表示在测定结构区域中更好的相互作用和所有鞋和脚界面上的负载转移,从而突出了“样品鞋”的“生物功能”方面。
由所进行的测试获得并在单个表格中显示的结构仅以比较的方式进行考虑,然而,因为它们与所考虑使用者的类型严格相关,即每个使用者通过确定的姿势、具体的结构特征、以及在离地过程中显而易见的特定步行机理进行表征。
对于上述具有改进的热舒适性的鞋,为了满足额外或酌情的需求,本领域技术人员能够进行多个额外的修改和变化,然而所有的修改和变化都包括在如权利要求书中所限定的本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (1)
1.热舒适性得以改进的鞋、特别是鞋或靴,其包括彼此连接的鞋面和鞋底、以及设置在鞋面内隔间中的专用于容纳脚的足底小底,所述鞋面具有:前鞋头末端、后帮、和具有增强布料制造的内衬的鞋腰,所述鞋底具有:支承前部和后跟,其中,前侧的足底小底在所述鞋底前部具有洞,在鞋底的厚度中获得储槽,其特征在于:
·鞋面在后帮和前鞋头末端处具有一层包含相变微胶囊的记忆泡沫层;
·内衬和小底用相变微胶囊浸渍;
·上述储槽用相变微胶囊填充,
其中,所述相变微胶囊的固化温度为约18℃和23℃之间,并且熔融温度为24℃和32℃之间。
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- 2016-02-19 WO PCT/IB2016/050898 patent/WO2016135601A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-02-19 CN CN201680011783.0A patent/CN107404968B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-02-19 CA CA2976862A patent/CA2976862A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-02-19 US US15/552,747 patent/US20180027921A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2018
- 2018-05-24 HK HK18106774.9A patent/HK1247053A1/zh unknown
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11896082B2 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2024-02-13 | Nike, Inc. | Footwear heel spring device |
US11957210B2 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2024-04-16 | Nike, Inc. | Footwear heel spring device |
CN108813796A (zh) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-16 | 张先良 | 一种用调温材料制作的能调温的鞋 |
CN113194775A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-07-30 | 耐克创新有限合伙公司 | 具有定位栓的鞋类元件和制造鞋类物品的方法 |
CN113194775B (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2023-08-29 | 耐克创新有限合伙公司 | 具有定位栓的鞋类元件和制造鞋类物品的方法 |
US11963581B2 (en) | 2019-02-13 | 2024-04-23 | Nike, Inc. | Footwear heel support device |
US11910867B2 (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2024-02-27 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear with heel entry device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SI3261476T1 (sl) | 2019-06-28 |
KR20170134974A (ko) | 2017-12-07 |
US20180027921A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
RU2017133115A3 (zh) | 2019-07-30 |
RU2017133115A (ru) | 2019-03-25 |
RU2700761C2 (ru) | 2019-09-19 |
EP3261476B1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
JP2018507041A (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
EP3261476A1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
CN107404968B (zh) | 2022-02-18 |
HK1247053A1 (zh) | 2018-09-21 |
JP6774419B2 (ja) | 2020-10-21 |
WO2016135601A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
CA2976862A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
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