CN107396656B - Peanut seed soaking method with shell - Google Patents
Peanut seed soaking method with shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN107396656B CN107396656B CN201710830618.4A CN201710830618A CN107396656B CN 107396656 B CN107396656 B CN 107396656B CN 201710830618 A CN201710830618 A CN 201710830618A CN 107396656 B CN107396656 B CN 107396656B
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 240000000233 Melia azedarach Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 9
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
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- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028446 budding cell bud growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
Abstract
The invention discloses a peanut seed soaking method with a shell, and belongs to the technical field of peanut cultivation. The peanut seed soaking method with the shell comprises the following steps: (1) selecting peanuts; (2) soaking seeds at a proper temperature; and (3) soaking seeds at variable temperatures. The seed soaking liquid used by the invention comprises the following components: 10-20mg/L potassium permanganate solution, 20-30mg/L ABT solution and 100-200mg/L sodium molybdate solution. The invention adopts a mode of combining proper-temperature seed soaking and variable-temperature seed soaking, accelerates the permeability of seed soaking liquid, and greatly reduces the seed soaking time compared with the conventional seed soaking method. The seed soaking liquid can improve the germination rate and the germination speed of the peanuts, the chinaberry seed extracting solution is added into the seed soaking liquid at normal temperature, and the soaked peanuts can play a role in sterilization and disease prevention in the later growth process. The shelled peanuts soaked by the method can be sowed in advance and germinate quickly, and can prolong the growth time of the peanuts and improve the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peanut cultivation, in particular to a peanut shell seed soaking method.
Background
Peanuts are leguminous crops, also known as "groundnuts", and are planted all over the country, and are an important economic crop. In the process of planting peanuts, people usually adopt a traditional sowing mode, generally, peanuts are peeled, and then peanut kernels are used as seeds, but the peeled peanut kernels are easily affected by external environmental conditions, and are in contact with air, so that moisture is easily absorbed, respiration and enzyme activities are enhanced, and the activity of the peanut kernels is also reduced, and the germination capacity is reduced or lost. The mode of sowing by using peanut kernels is complex in operation process, low in peanut emergence rate, weak in bud vigor, irregular in emergence, serious in seedling size phenomenon, low in peanut seedling survival rate, low in pest resistance during growth of peanuts, and low in final yield of peanuts caused by long-time pest damage.
The peanut shell-with-shell seeding has many advantages, not only can save labor and time, but also has high germination rate, regular emergence of seedlings and robust production. In addition, the fruit can be matured in advance, generally matured about one week in advance, the rate of empty shells is low, diseases can be effectively reduced, and the yield is increased. The peanut seeding with the shell can be divided into half-shell seeding and whole-shell seeding according to different processing modes of peanuts, half-shell seeding is to break the peanuts into two sections, and then seeding is carried out after soaking with water, so that the peanut seeding method is widely applied to production at present. Compared with a half-shell sowing mode, the whole-pod sowing mode has the advantages that due to the existence of the peanut shell which is the protective film, peanut kernels can be protected from being influenced by external environment conditions such as high temperature and high humidity, the vitality of the kernels can be enhanced, the peanut yield can be improved, simplicity and labor saving can be realized, and the operation is convenient.
Compared with a half-shell sowing mode, the whole-pod sowing mode can provide a stable germination environment for the sowed peanuts, and is convenient to operate and simple and labor-saving. In production, in order to ensure early germination and neat emergence of peanuts sowed in whole pods, the peanuts are usually soaked. The peanut shell is wrapped outside the whole-pod sowed peanuts, so that the seed soaking speed is slow, the treatment time generally exceeds 60 hours, on one hand, the timely sowing of the peanuts is influenced, and the farming time is delayed; on the other hand, the seed soaking liquid is deteriorated after the seed is soaked for a long time, and the seed soaking effect is influenced. Therefore, the problem that the seed soaking time is too long in the whole-pod sowing mode is an important reason for influencing the popularization of the sowing technology.
In addition, the seed soaking process of the peanuts is mainly used for accelerating the germination speed and improving the germination rate, the growth of the peanuts in the later period is not promoted, the fungi, bacteria and soil insects are not prevented in advance in the early period of the peanut germination and germination, and the diseases and insect pests of the peanuts can be prevented only in the later growth process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a peanut seed soaking method with shells, which can greatly shorten the seed soaking time of peanuts with shells, improve the germination rate and the germination speed of the peanuts, and also has good prevention and treatment effects on peanut diseases and underground insect pests caused by fungi and bacteria.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a peanut shelled seed soaking method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting peanuts: selecting shelled peanuts with full pods, no cracks, no rotten fruits and no wormholes;
(2) Soaking seeds at a proper temperature: putting the picked peanuts with shells into a container filled with 60-80 ℃ seed soaking liquid A, quickly stirring for 3-5 minutes to enable the temperature of the seed soaking liquid A to reach 50-55 ℃, completing proper temperature seed soaking, fishing out the peanuts, and washing the peanuts with clear water; the proper temperature seed soaking can soften the peanut shell rapidly on the one hand, and the seed soaking liquid immerses in the peanut shell rapidly, and on the other hand selects the suitable temperature and can not destroy the shell of peanut, can protect the peanut kernel not scalded, and the temperature of having guaranteed when the seed soaking liquid immerses in the peanut shell is the temperature that the peanut kernel can accept.
(3) Soaking seeds at variable temperatures: soaking the shelled peanuts with proper temperature into the seed soaking liquid B with the temperature of 55-60 ℃, placing the shelled peanuts in air for natural cooling until the temperature of the seed soaking liquid B is reduced to the normal temperature, placing the shelled peanuts in the normal temperature for continuous seed soaking for 5-7 hours, completing the temperature-variable seed soaking of the peanuts, and fishing out the peanuts for germination acceleration; the process belongs to a variable-temperature seed soaking process, and can enable seed soaking liquid to slowly permeate into seeds, so that peanuts absorb the seed soaking liquid fully, and peanut kernels swell.
The seed soaking liquid A is a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 10-20mg/L, namely 10-20mg of potassium permanganate is added into 1L of clear water; the seed soaking liquid B comprises the following components: 20-30mg/L ABT solution and 100-200mg/L sodium molybdate solution, wherein the preparation method of the seed soaking solution B comprises the following steps: adding ABT and sodium molybdate into clear water, and stirring to dissolve uniformly, wherein the amount of ABT added in each L of clear water is 20-30mg, and the amount of sodium molybdate is 100-200mg.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the configuration method of the seed soaking liquid B is as follows: adding ABT and sodium molybdate into clean water, and stirring to dissolve uniformly, wherein the amount of ABT added in each L of clean water is 23mg, and the amount of sodium molybdate is 170mg.
According to the technical scheme, preferably, in the step (3), after the temperature of the seed soaking liquid B is reduced to normal temperature, the chinaberry seed extracting solution is added into the seed soaking liquid B, and the seed soaking is continued after the seed soaking liquid B is uniformly stirred; wherein the volume ratio of the chinaberry seed extracting solution to the seed soaking solution B is 1:50-60.
Preferably, the preparation method of the chinaberry seed extracting solution comprises the following steps: oven drying fructus Toosendan, pulverizing into powder, placing the powder in a container, extracting with 90% ethanol for three times, adding 90% ethanol for each time until the powder is completely immersed, standing for 20-25min, ultrasonically oscillating for 5-10min, filtering, collecting filtrate of three times, and mixing to obtain fructus Toosendan extractive solution. The method can well extract effective antibacterial and insecticidal components of the chinaberry seeds by using 90% of ethanol, has better extraction effect than that of a common water decoction method, can ensure that the peanuts can still keep the effects of preventing diseases and insects after sprouting, and provides guarantee for the growth of the peanuts after sowing.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic oscillation is 800-1000W, and the temperature is 25 ℃.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the chinaberry seed powder to the ethanol added in each extraction is 1:2.
preferably, in the step (2), the picked peanuts with shells are placed into a container of the seed soaking liquid A at 70 ℃, and are rapidly stirred and cooled to enable the temperature of the seed soaking liquid A to reach 55 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the rapid stirring and cooling is that the time required for reducing the temperature of the seed soaking liquid A from 60-80 ℃ to 50-55 ℃ is 3-5min.
According to the technical scheme, preferably, in the step (3), the seed soaking liquid B is continuously soaked after the temperature is reduced to the normal temperature, and the soaking time is 6 hours.
The ABT is rooting powder, and can promote the synthesis of biological molecules and regulate the metabolic action strength of plants by strengthening and regulating the content of endogenous hormones and the activity of important enzymes in peanuts, so as to achieve the aim of improving the survival rate and the growth amount of seedlings.
Has the advantages that:
1. the conventional peanut seed soaking is cold water soaking or soaking at the maximum temperature of not more than 50 ℃, the seed soaking speed is slow, the treatment time generally exceeds 60 hours, the method adopts a mode of combining moderate temperature seed soaking and variable temperature seed soaking, the permeability of the seed soaking liquid is accelerated, the seed soaking time is only about 6 hours, and the seed soaking time is greatly reduced compared with that of the conventional seed soaking method.
2. The potassium permanganate added into the seed soaking liquid can sterilize and disinfect, and the germination rate of seeds is improved; the added ABT can improve the survival rate and the growth amount of the seedlings; the added sodium molybdate can accelerate the germination time of the peanuts with shells and ensure strong and regular seedlings; the three components are mutually matched, so that the germination rate and the germination speed of the peanuts can be improved. The invention adds chinaberry seed extract into normal temperature seed soaking liquid, the soaked peanut can be sterilized and prevented from disease in the late stage of germination, and has better prevention and control effect on peanut leaf spot, root rot, stem rot, etc.
3. The peanuts with shells soaked by the method can be sowed in advance and germinate quickly, the growth time of the peanuts can be prolonged, and the yield can be improved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A peanut shelled peanut seed soaking method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting peanuts: selecting shelled peanuts with full pods, no cracks, no rotten fruits and no wormholes;
(2) Soaking seeds at a proper temperature:
1) Preparing a seed soaking liquid A: adding 1.6g of potassium permanganate into 100L of clear water, and uniformly stirring and dissolving;
2) Putting the seed soaking liquid into a container, heating to 70 ℃, putting the picked shelled peanuts into the container filled with the 70 ℃ seed soaking liquid, rapidly stirring and cooling, and after 4min, the temperature of the seed soaking liquid reaches 60 ℃, thus completing the proper temperature seed soaking of the shelled peanuts;
(3) Soaking seeds at variable temperatures:
1) Preparing a seed soaking liquid B: adding 2.3g of ABT and 17g of sodium molybdate into 100L of clear water, and stirring and dissolving uniformly;
2) Pressing the peanuts with shells subjected to the moderate-temperature seed soaking in the step (2) with a wood board, completely soaking the peanuts into a seed soaking liquid B at the temperature of 60 ℃, placing the peanuts in air for natural cooling until the temperature of the seed soaking liquid B is reduced to normal temperature, adding 2L of chinaberry seed extracting solution into the seed soaking liquid B, uncovering the wood board, uniformly stirring, pressing the peanuts with the wood board again to completely soak the peanuts into the seed soaking liquid B, and continuing to soak the peanuts; after soaking for 6 hours, the seeds of the peanuts are soaked, and the peanuts are fished out to accelerate germination.
The preparation method of the chinaberry seed extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking Chinaberry fruit, drying, crushing to prepare Chinaberry fruit powder, taking 500g of the Chinaberry fruit powder, placing the Chinaberry fruit powder in a container, extracting for three times by using 90% ethanol in volume fraction, adding 1000g of 90% ethanol in volume fraction each time until the Chinaberry fruit powder is completely immersed, standing for 20min, then performing ultrasonic oscillation for 8min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 900W, the temperature is 25 ℃, filtering, taking filtrate, collecting the filtrate of three times, and uniformly mixing to obtain the Chinaberry fruit extracting solution.
The preparation method of the 90% ethanol by volume comprises the following steps: adding 100mL of distilled water into 900mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, and stirring uniformly.
Example 2
A peanut shelled peanut seed soaking method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting peanuts: selecting shelled peanuts with full pods, no cracks, no rotten fruits and no wormholes;
(2) Soaking seeds at a proper temperature:
1) Preparing a seed soaking liquid A: adding 200mg of potassium permanganate into 10L of clear water, and uniformly stirring and dissolving;
2) Putting the seed soaking liquid A into a container, heating to 65 ℃, pouring the picked peanuts with shells into the container filled with the seed soaking liquid A at 65 ℃, rapidly stirring and cooling, and after 3min, finishing soaking the seeds at a proper temperature when the temperature of the seed soaking liquid A reaches 50 ℃;
(3) Soaking seeds at variable temperatures:
1) Preparing a seed soaking liquid B: adding 300mg of ABT and 2g of sodium molybdate into 10L of clear water, and stirring and dissolving uniformly;
2) Pressing the shelled peanuts which are soaked at the proper temperature by using a cover, completely soaking the peanuts into a soaking liquid B at the temperature of 55 ℃, placing the peanuts in the air for natural cooling until the temperature of the soaking liquid B is reduced to the normal temperature, uncovering the cover, adding 0.18L of chinaberry seed extracting solution into the soaking liquid B, uniformly stirring, pressing the peanuts by using the cover again, completely soaking the peanuts into the soaking liquid B, and continuing to soak the peanuts; after soaking for 5 hours, the seeds of the peanuts are soaked, and the peanuts are fished out to accelerate germination.
The preparation method of the chinaberry seed extracting solution comprises the following steps: oven drying fructus Toosendan, pulverizing into powder, placing 100g of fructus Toosendan powder in a container, extracting with 90% ethanol for three times, adding 200g of 90% ethanol for each time until completely immersing the powder, standing for 25min, and ultrasonically oscillating for 10min at ultrasonic power of 800W and temperature of 25 deg.C; filtering, collecting filtrate, collecting the three filtrates, and mixing to obtain fructus Toosendan extractive solution.
In the research process of the peanut seed soaking method with shells, the whole pod peanuts are soaked at different temperatures, the seed soaking time is the same as that in the embodiment 1, the seed soaking liquid is a conventional ammonium molybdate solution, the soaked peanuts are subjected to germination acceleration tests in an artificial climate box, meanwhile, the normal-temperature water seed soaking comparison tests are carried out, and specific data recorded in the period are shown in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 shows the germination rate analysis of whole-pod peanuts treated at different temperatures with increasing germination time.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the peanut seeds are completely damaged by high-temperature seed soaking at 100 ℃, and the germination rate is 0; the blank group is a method for soaking seeds at room temperature, and the germination rate of the peanuts after sowing is poor; seed soaking is carried out at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, so that the time required by germination is long and the germination rate is low after the peanut is sowed; the seeds are soaked in the temperature range of 60-70 ℃, so that the germination time of the peanuts after the sowing is early and the germination rate is higher; when the temperature reaches 80 ℃, the germination rate is obviously reduced, and the germination rate is very low because part of peanut seeds are damaged by high-temperature seed soaking at 90 ℃; the seed soaking mode combining the proper-temperature seed soaking and the variable-temperature seed soaking is utilized in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the seed soaking liquid prepared by a special formula is used, the germination time of the peanuts after seeding can be greatly shortened, the germination rate can be effectively improved, the germination rate can reach 50% -55% after the seeds are soaked and germinated for 48 hours in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the germination rate of a blank group can reach 50% only after 120 hours, the germination time is shortened by 72 hours compared with the seed soaking in normal-temperature water, and more than half of the peanut shelled germination can be promoted in the short time, which cannot be realized by the conventional peanut seed soaking process.
Table 2 shows the average bud length of whole pod peanuts treated at different temperatures after 120h of pregermination.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the average bud length of the whole pod peanuts after 120h sowing is 0, the peanut bud length after 100 ℃ high-temperature seed soaking treatment is the worst effect; the average bud length of the blank group is only 1.6cm, which indicates that the bud growth effect of the room-temperature seed soaking method is not ideal; soaking seeds at 70 ℃, and the average bud length is longer; in examples 1 and 2, the seed soaking method combining the soaking at a proper temperature and the soaking at a variable temperature and the seed soaking liquid prepared according to the characteristics of the peanuts have the function of promoting growth, so that the average bud length is the longest and the effect is the best.
In addition, after the peanut seeds treated at different temperatures are subjected to pregermination and sowing, the observation shows that the diseases hardly occur in the embodiments 1 and 2 in the aspect of plant diseases, which shows that the seed soaking liquid prepared by the invention has better sterilization and disease prevention effects.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A peanut seed soaking method with shells is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting peanuts: selecting shelled peanuts with full pods, no cracks, no rotten fruits and no wormholes;
(2) Soaking seeds at a proper temperature: putting the picked peanuts with shells into a container filled with 60-80 ℃ seed soaking liquid A, quickly stirring to enable the temperature of the seed soaking liquid A to reach 50-55 ℃, completing proper temperature seed soaking, fishing out the peanuts, and washing the peanuts with clear water;
the time for reducing the temperature of the seed soaking liquid A from 60-80 ℃ to 50-55 ℃ is 3-5min;
(3) Soaking seeds at variable temperatures: soaking the shelled peanuts which are soaked at the proper temperature into a seed soaking liquid B at the temperature of 55-60 ℃, placing the shelled peanuts into air for natural cooling until the temperature of the seed soaking liquid B is reduced to the normal temperature, adding a chinaberry seed extracting solution into the seed soaking liquid B, stirring uniformly, placing the mixture into the normal temperature for continuous seed soaking for 5-7 hours, completing the temperature-variable seed soaking of the peanuts, and fishing out the peanuts for germination acceleration; the volume ratio of the chinaberry seed extracting solution to the seed soaking solution B is 1:50-60;
the preparation method of the melia azedarach seed extracting solution comprises the following steps: oven drying fructus Toosendan, pulverizing into powder, placing the powder in a container, extracting with 90% ethanol for three times, adding 90% ethanol for each time until completely immersing the powder, standing for 20-25min, ultrasonic oscillating for 5-10min at ultrasonic power of 800-1000W and temperature of 25 deg.C, filtering, collecting filtrate of three times, and mixing to obtain fructus Toosendan extractive solution;
the seed soaking liquid A is a potassium permanganate solution of 10-20mg/L, namely 10-20mg of potassium permanganate added into 1L of clear water;
the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid B comprises the following steps: adding ABT and sodium molybdate into clear water, and stirring to dissolve uniformly, wherein the amount of ABT added in each L of clear water is 20-30mg, and the amount of sodium molybdate is 100-200mg.
2. A method of seed soaking peanut shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid B comprises the following steps: adding ABT and sodium molybdate into clear water, and stirring to dissolve uniformly, wherein the amount of ABT added in each L of clear water is 23mg, and the amount of sodium molybdate is 170mg.
3. A method of seed soaking peanut shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the selected peanuts with shells are put into a container of the seed soaking liquid A at 70 ℃, and are rapidly stirred and cooled to ensure that the temperature of the seed soaking liquid A reaches 55 ℃.
4. A method of seed soaking peanut shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the chinaberry seed powder in the step (3) to the ethanol added in each extraction is 1:2.
5. a method of seed soaking peanut shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) in the step (3), continuing soaking the seeds after the temperature of the seed soaking liquid B is reduced to the normal temperature, wherein the soaking time is 6 hours.
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