CN107389466B - Test equipment - Google Patents
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- CN107389466B CN107389466B CN201710780357.XA CN201710780357A CN107389466B CN 107389466 B CN107389466 B CN 107389466B CN 201710780357 A CN201710780357 A CN 201710780357A CN 107389466 B CN107389466 B CN 107389466B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 429
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides test equipment. The apparatus includes: the test chamber consists of a bottom surface and a side surface, wherein a marking line is drawn on the bottom surface of the test chamber, the marking line divides the test chamber into a first area positioned at the central position of the bottom surface and a second area positioned at the periphery of the first area and wrapping the first area, and the test chamber comprises a common test chamber with the watertight bottom surface and a watertight bottom surface; the loading device comprises a pressurizing base plate, a pressure head and a jack, wherein the pressure head acts on the pressurizing base plate to uniformly act on the pressurizing base plate by pressure generated by the jack, and the pressurizing base plate comprises a first pressurizing base plate matched with the shape and the size of a first area and a second pressurizing base plate matched with the shape and the size of a second area. According to the embodiment of the invention, the laboratory can be used for performing tests under various different working conditions by partitioning the laboratory and customizing the corresponding pressurizing base plate for each region, so that the utilization rate of test equipment can be improved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical tests, in particular to test equipment.
Background
Current indoor geotechnical tests generally perform related tests in a certain test instrument. In general, a constraint condition is artificially manufactured to simulate the actual working condition of a site, and in general, the constraint conditions are not completely consistent with the actual working condition of an engineering, for example, in a triaxial compression test, after a sample is wrapped by materials such as rubber, a certain confining pressure is applied, all working conditions are simulated through three types of tests of an unconsolidated non-drainage shear test, a consolidated non-drainage shear test and a consolidated drainage shear test, and in the actual engineering, the materials are not laterally constrained by the materials such as rubber, and the materials and the surrounding pressure may be different, or there may be no lateral pressure at all. For example, in a penetration test, a sample is placed in a test cylinder for penetration test, so that the influence of the boundary on the test result is increased; lateral limit compression test, the test sample is placed in a rigid test room to carry out compression test on the test sample.
The inventors found in the course of implementing the present invention that: the existing test equipment cannot well perform tests under various different working conditions, the test can be performed singly, various samples are required to be prepared after different tests are performed each time, and the utilization rate of the samples is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a test apparatus, including a test chamber and a loading device, wherein:
the test chamber consists of a bottom surface and side surfaces, wherein a marking line is drawn on the bottom surface of the test chamber, the marking line divides the test chamber into a first area positioned at the center of the bottom surface and a second area positioned at the periphery of the first area and wrapping the first area, and the test chamber comprises a common test chamber with the watertight bottom surface and a watertight test chamber with the watertight bottom surface;
the loading device comprises a pressurizing base plate, a pressure head and a jack, wherein the pressure head acts on the pressurizing base plate to uniformly act on the pressurizing base plate by pressure generated by the jack, and the pressurizing base plate comprises a first pressurizing base plate matched with the shape and the size of the first area and a second pressurizing base plate matched with the shape and the size of the second area.
By partitioning the laboratory, one or more loading devices can be arranged to apply loads to different areas respectively, corresponding pressurizing base plates are customized for each area, lateral constraint is provided for the materials of the first area through surrounding loading devices and the materials of the second area, and tests of various different working conditions can be carried out in the laboratory.
In some embodiments, the test chamber is a water permeable test chamber, the apparatus further comprises a water receptacle having a cross-sectional area no greater than an area of a first region of the test chamber, the water receptacle being removably attachable to a bottom outside of the permeable test chamber within a range corresponding to the first region.
By setting the cross-sectional area of the water receiver to be smaller than that of the first region, the influence of the side wall on the penetration test can be greatly reduced, so that more accurate penetration test data can be obtained.
In some embodiments, the bottom surface and the side surface forming the second region of the common laboratory are comprised of a plurality of detachable portions.
The bottom surface and the side surface are made to be detachable, and part of the bottom surface or the side surface can be detached at any time in the test process, so that various working condition tests can be carried out through one sample, and the test efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the detachable portions are surrounded by a portion bottom surface and a portion side surface, and the detachable portions are identical in shape and size.
By making the detachable parts the same, gradual test data can be obtained, various working condition tests can be better carried out, and critical points of certain tests can be found more quickly.
In some embodiments, the number of loading means is not less than two to act on at least the first region and the second region simultaneously.
By setting the number of loading means to not less than two, the respective areas can be loaded at the same time.
In some embodiments, the test apparatus further comprises a stand comprising an "H" shaped stand for supporting the loading device and provided with a slidable zone to be able to stretch and retract in a vertical direction to raise and lower the loading device.
Through adopting "H" type support, stability is better, through setting up slidable region to just can realize the lift of support in vertical direction at the slip in-process, conveniently carry out high regulation to each subassembly of installing on the support, for example loading device and measuring device.
In some embodiments, the test apparatus further comprises a rotating cross member, one end of which is fixed to the vertical rod of the "H" shaped bracket and is rotatable about the vertical rod, and the loading device is fixed to the other end of the rotating cross member.
Through fixing loading device in the one end of rotatory crossbeam, when making rotatory crossbeam round the montant of support rotate, loading device can shift out the sky in laboratory, is convenient for operate the laboratory, for example adds sample or shift out partial sample etc..
In some embodiments, the test apparatus further comprises a measurement device, an information processing system and a power system,
the measuring device comprises a loading measuring device, a deformation measuring device and a permeation measuring device;
the information processing system is respectively connected with the power system and the measuring device to process the data fed back by the measuring device, generate a control instruction according to the processing result and send the control instruction to the power system,
the power system is connected with the loading device to control the loading device to pressurize according to the control instruction of the information processing system.
Through being connected measuring device, driving system and information processing system, can realize the automatic control in the test process through information processing system to realize more accurate control, make the data that the test obtained more accurate. The measuring devices can be respectively arranged in the first area and the second area, so that the materials in the first area and the second area can be respectively measured.
In some embodiments, the information handling system includes a receiving unit, a processing unit, and a control unit,
the receiving unit is used for receiving the parameter information measured by the measuring device and sending the parameter information to the processing unit;
the processing unit processes the measured parameter information according to a preset control parameter index and generates a control instruction;
the control unit controls the power system to drive the loading device to work according to the preset control parameter index and/or controls the power system to drive the loading device to work in response to the control instruction of the processing unit.
Through receiving element, processing unit and control unit to can realize controlling power system and loading system automatically based on the control parameter index that presets, thereby realize accurate test condition control, make the test result more accurate.
In some embodiments, the geotechnical test apparatus further comprises a vibration system that can be detachably secured to the bottom surface of the laboratory to provide a vibration input to the laboratory. Of course, the vibration system may also be provided separately on a stand-alone platform, as the application is not limited in this respect.
In the embodiment of the invention, the laboratory can be used for performing tests under various different working conditions by partitioning the laboratory and customizing the corresponding pressurizing base plate for each region, so that the utilization rate of the test equipment can be improved to a certain extent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2a, 2b and 2c are schematic structural diagrams of a laboratory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a geotechnical test method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 4a and 4b are schematic views of two different configurations of another geotechnical test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a geotechnical test apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of yet another geotechnical test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a 1-test box, a 2-test platform, a 3-pressure head, a 4-jack, a 5-measuring device, a 6-height adjuster, a 7-lower base, an 8-upper top base, a 9-cross beam, a 10-rotating cross beam, an 11-upper vertical beam, a 12-lower vertical beam, a 13-information processing system and a 14-power system.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a test apparatus is shown. The test equipment of the embodiment not only can be suitable for geotechnical tests, but also can be used for related tests of other test materials (such as non-metal materials and metal materials of rock, concrete and the like). It should be noted that, although only one loading device and measuring device are shown in fig. 1 by way of example, this is not intended to limit only one loading device and measuring device, and a plurality of loading devices and measuring devices may be used in practical applications.
As shown in fig. 1, the test equipment comprises a test box 1, a test platform 2, a pressure head 3, a jack 4, a measuring device 5, a height adjuster 6, a lower base 7, an upper footstock 8, a cross beam 9, a rotary cross beam 10, an upper vertical beam 11, a lower vertical beam 12, an information processing system 13 and a power system 14.
Wherein the test chamber 1 is used for containing part of test equipment or balance weights, such as an information processing system, a power system and the like, and can be placed in the test chamber. The lower base 7 and the upper top base 8 can enable the bottom and the upper part of the equipment support to be supported, for example, after adjustment, the upper part of the equipment support can be tightly contacted with the roof of the test plant, and the test equipment is vertically fixed through the roof and the ground of the test plant; of course, the bottom of the equipment support can also be directly anchored at the bottom of the test plant by adopting an anchor bolt mode.
The loading device may be formed by a pressing pad (not shown), a pressing head, a jack, etc., and the measuring device may be located inside the loading device, for example, between the pressing head and the jack in the drawing, or may be separately provided independently of the loading device, and the present application is not limited in this respect. Some measuring devices, such as deformation measuring devices and pressure measuring devices, may be disposed inside the loading device, while some measuring devices, such as pore pressure measuring devices and permeability measuring devices, need to be disposed separately, and are determined according to specific different test scenarios. A laboratory (not shown) may be placed on the test platform 2 to perform the relevant tests. The specific structure of the laboratory is shown in fig. 2a,2b or 2 c.
As shown in fig. 2a, the laboratory (only the bottom of the laboratory is shown) is divided into a first area 101 and a second area 102 by a marking line 103. The first pressure pad (not shown) has the same shape and size as the first region and the second pressure pad (not shown) has the same shape and size as the second region. So that the loading device can uniformly pressurize the sample in the first area through the first pressurizing pad and uniformly pressurize the sample in the second area through the second pressurizing pad when the sample is contained in the laboratory. Because the laboratory is divided into two areas, the samples in the two areas can be independently pressurized, so that the test equipment can be used for simulating various different test scenes, and the utilization rate of the samples and the equipment is improved.
As shown in fig. 2b, which exemplarily shows that the second area of the laboratory can be composed of a plurality of detachable parts 1021, 1022, 1023 and 1024. It should be noted that the sides of the test chamber may also be removable, such as by showing the second region as a removable section of 4 different sizes, wherein after removal 1022 or 1023, one side of the sample in the first region is free of any lateral pressure, and wherein a related test may be performed without lateral restraint on one side, or the side of the test cartridge may be moved to a position in the removed section adjacent the sample after removal on one side to again provide lateral pressure to the sample in the first region, as the application is not limited in this respect. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the removable portions may be of alternative numbers or portions of different sizes, as the application is not limited in this respect.
As shown in fig. 2c, which shows by way of example that the bottom surface of the laboratory is circular and detachable. It should be noted that the laboratory may also be other shapes, such as rectangular, triangular, etc., and the application is not limited in this respect. In addition, when the second region is formed of a plurality of parts, the side of the laboratory may also be formed of the same number of parts, so that a detachable space is formed together with the respective bottom part. Further, the second pressing pad corresponding to the shape and size of the second region may also be composed of a plurality of detachable parts to correspond to the detachable bottom surfaces and be better adapted to various test scenes, and the present application is not limited in this respect.
The measuring means may include deformation measuring means, pressure measuring means, permeability measuring means, pore pressure measuring means, and the like, and the present application is not limited in this respect.
The height adjuster is arranged in the middle of the bracket and can be used for adjusting the height of the bracket so that the loading device can move in the vertical direction. Of course, the test platform may be lifted and lowered so that the test chamber (or test box) on the test platform is sufficiently close to the loading device, and then the height of the loading device is finely adjusted to perform the relevant test.
The rotating cross beam may be arranged on the cross beam of the bracket so that the loading device can rotate around the vertical rod of the bracket. When the loading device is needed, the loading device can be rotated to the upper space of the test platform, and when the loading device is not needed, the loading device can be rotated out of the upper space of the test platform, so that the test box on the test platform and the samples in the test box can be conveniently operated. The rotatable cross member may also have a track thereon and the loading device may have rollers thereon to enable the loading device to move on the rotatable cross member.
In some alternative embodiments, the test chamber is a water permeable test chamber, the apparatus further comprises a water receptacle having a cross-sectional area no greater than an area of the first region of the test chamber, the water receptacle being removably attachable to the outside of the bottom surface of the permeation test chamber within a range corresponding to the first region. Wherein the number of water receptacles may be one or more, and the invention is not limited in this respect. A large water trap may also be provided for receiving water that has permeated throughout the laboratory during permeation or compression testing.
The function of the test device according to the invention will be better explained below in connection with the procedure of the test using the test device according to the invention.
Before the test starts, the type of the geotechnical test sample to be tested and the working condition of the test can be analyzed;
then, according to the type of the geotechnical test sample and the test working condition, preparing a simulated environment material of the geotechnical test sample;
then, placing a circle of prepared simulated environment materials of the geotechnical test sample in a second area of the laboratory around the inner side wall of the empty laboratory;
then placing a geotechnical test sample in a first area limited by the simulated environment material, so that the simulated environment material forms a peripheral wall bordering the geotechnical test sample; of course, the sample may be placed in the first area and then the simulated environmental material may be placed in the second area; the sample can be prepared in the first area and the second area simultaneously;
finally, geotechnical tests are performed on geotechnical test samples in the peripheral wall, wherein the geotechnical tests comprise triaxial tests, compression tests, consolidation tests and penetration tests, and other relevant geotechnical tests (such as compaction tests, bearing ratio tests, rebound modulus tests, loess collapsibility tests, expansive soil tests, frozen soil tests and the like) are performed on the basis of the test equipment.
In this embodiment, after the geotechnical test sample is taken, the type of the geotechnical test sample and the working condition of the test can be simply analyzed first, and the test material is selected according to the analysis result. Then, a circle of prepared environment simulating materials can be placed on the inner side wall of the empty laboratory to provide a more real peripheral environment for the geotechnical sample to be tested. And then placing the geotechnical sample to be tested in an area limited by the simulated environment material, and enabling the geotechnical sample to be tested to be connected with the simulated environment material so that the simulated environment material becomes a peripheral wall of the geotechnical sample to be tested and lateral pressure which is more similar to the real situation can be provided for the geotechnical sample to be tested. Finally, geotechnical tests are performed on geotechnical test samples defined in the outer enclosing wall formed by the simulated environmental materials, wherein the geotechnical tests comprise triaxial tests, compression tests, consolidation tests, compression tests and penetration tests, and other relevant geotechnical tests (such as compaction tests, bearing ratio tests, rebound modulus tests, loess collapsibility tests, expansive soil tests, frozen soil tests and the like) performed on the basis of the test equipment.
According to the geotechnical test method, the geotechnical test sample is prepared to simulate the environment material, and the related geotechnical test is carried out under the surrounding of the simulated environment material, so that the real environment can be better simulated, and errors caused by a laboratory are reduced.
In some alternative embodiments, the geotechnical test is a penetration test, and performing the geotechnical test on the geotechnical test sample within the perimeter wall comprises: and measuring the penetration quantity of at least part of the geotechnical test sample in the peripheral wall. At least part of the soil test samples can be all soil test samples in the peripheral wall, and can also be part of the soil test samples. By measuring only the penetration of at least part of the geotechnical test sample within the perimeter wall, the effect of the wall of the container (the inner side wall of the laboratory) on the penetration test can be reduced.
In some alternative embodiments, the geotechnical test may be a triaxial test, a compression test or a consolidation test, and performing the geotechnical test on the geotechnical test sample in the outer wall includes: applying axial preset pressure to the geotechnical test sample in the peripheral wall and/or the peripheral wall at a preset loading rate; and measuring the actual loading rate corresponding to the preset loading rate and the deformation quantity of the geotechnical test sample to be tested. In this embodiment, for the triaxial test, the consolidation test or the compression test, when the geotechnical test is performed, the pressure can be applied to the geotechnical test sample and the simulated environmental material of the peripheral wall respectively to simulate various possible scenarios, for example, the geotechnical test sample and the simulated environmental material bear the same pressure, or the geotechnical test sample bears a larger pressure than the simulated environmental material, etc., because the geotechnical test sample and the environmental material may bear different pressures in the practical application, for example, when the topography of the geotechnical test sample to be tested in the practical environment is lower than that of the environmental material, the lateral pressure of the environmental material caused by the geotechnical test sample to be tested is necessarily different from that of the geotechnical test sample to be tested.
Further optionally, after measuring the actual loading rate corresponding to the preset loading rate and the deformation amount of the geotechnical test sample, the method further comprises: when the actual loading rate is not equal to the preset loading rate; increasing or decreasing the preset loading rate such that the actual loading rate is equal to the preset loading rate; and when the actual loading rate is equal to the preset loading rate, measuring the deformation quantity of the geotechnical test sample to be tested. In order to simulate the scene to be simulated as accurately as possible, it is necessary to constantly adjust controllable amounts such as loading rate, pressure, etc. to make the test results more accurate. For example, when the preset loading rate is applied to be 2kPa/s and the actual loading rate is measured to be only 1.5kPa/s, the loading rate of 0.5kPa/s can be increased again to continuously approach the desired value to be measured, thereby making the final result of the measurement more accurate.
In some alternative embodiments, applying the axial pre-set pressure to the geotest specimen and/or the perimeter wall within the perimeter wall at the pre-set loading rate further comprises: and applying different preset axial pressures to the geotechnical test sample and the peripheral wall at different preset loading rates so as to perform compression and tension tests on the geotechnical test sample and the peripheral wall. Different control conditions are applied to the peripheral wall and the geotechnical test sample so as to test different working conditions, so that the geotechnical test can provide more experimental data for practical application, and practical construction is better known.
In other alternative embodiments, the above-described test chamber may be a non-closed test chamber, which may be formed of multiple detachable parts, and the geotechnical test method may further include: removing the constraint of a laboratory and/or a peripheral wall on one side or a plurality of sides of the geotechnical test sample; continuously applying pressure to the geotechnical test sample and measuring the deformation of the geotechnical test sample; and judging the termination load of the pressing according to the deformation quantity or the deformation rate of the geotechnical test sample. By removing part or all of the perimeter wall or laboratory scene, test data can be provided for the scene that may occur in actual production and the danger that may occur can be simulated for better warning.
In other alternative embodiments, the geotechnical test method further comprises: vibration is applied to the geotechnical test for performing a vibration-related test. For example, a seismic scenario may be simulated to test shock resistance, etc.
The geotechnical test in the present application may include triaxial test, compression test, consolidation test, compression test and penetration test, and other related geotechnical tests (such as compaction test, load bearing ratio test, rebound modulus test, loess collapsibility test, expansive soil test, frozen soil test, etc.) performed on the basis of the test apparatus.
Hereinafter, a consolidation test, a triaxial test, and a penetration test are exemplified to better understand the present application by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, although the following description is directed to a consolidation test, a triaxial test, and a penetration test, those skilled in the art can apply the method to be protected in other geotechnical tests or tests of other materials, such as a compression test or a metal material test, etc., according to the following description, the present application is not limited in this respect.
Wherein the consolidation test may be performed on the consolidation tester shown in fig. 3, the triaxial test may be performed on the triaxial testers shown in fig. 4a and 4b, the penetration test may be performed on the penetration tester shown in fig. 5, and the compression test may be performed on the compression tester shown in fig. 6. It should be noted that the above-described test apparatus is only exemplary and does not represent a final product.
1. Consolidation tester (see FIG. 3)
The device mainly provides all or part of lateral surrounding pressure for the sample through rock-soil body materials or other materials (the same materials as the tested sample or different materials) around the sample, can avoid the influence of the contact interface of the sample and test equipment (except the water permeable plate and the base plate) on the test result, realizes the test under different working conditions, and measures the relevant test parameters of the sample.
The main structure of the compression test instrument consists of a laboratory, a loading device, a peripheral loading device, a guard ring, a cutting ring, a water tank, a strain measuring device, a water permeable plate, a pressurizing base plate, a pore pressure measuring system, a drainage and exhaust system (which is drawn but not marked by characters in the figure), a test platform and the like. According to the test requirement, corresponding auxiliary facilities (for example, when the parameters related to horizontal consolidation of the test sample are required to be measured, water permeable holes can be added on the side surface of a test room, when the test sample is required to be tested under the action of vibration, a vibration input system can be added, vibration input is provided for the test sample through the vibration input system, and when the change condition of pore pressure is not required to be known, the pore pressure measuring system can be removed), but the influence of the contact interface of the test sample and the ring cutter and the guard ring on the test result and the surrounding environment and the test working condition of the test sample are avoided without affecting the device. The test chamber is used for accommodating test samples and providing test space, the loading device provides pressure for the samples, the surrounding loading device provides pressure for materials around the samples, the water tank is used for accommodating liquid, the strain measuring device is used for measuring deformation of the samples, the water permeable plate and the pressurizing cover plate provide permeation channels for the samples and enable the samples to be stressed uniformly, the pore pressure measuring system is used for measuring pore pressures of the samples in the test chamber and/or the materials around the samples, the drainage and exhaust system is used for discharging fluid in the samples and the materials around the samples, the test platform mainly provides a fixing and mounting platform for test equipment, and the vibration input system is used for providing vibration input for vibration-related tests.
The loading device can load a test sample, the surrounding loading device can load materials around the sample, the pore pressure measuring system can measure pore pressure change in the sample in the test process, and the strain measuring device can measure deformation of the sample in the test process.
For example, after the test equipment is installed and the test sample (assuming that the test sample and the surrounding materials of the test sample are the same materials) is manufactured, loading the test sample by a loading device and a surrounding loading device by 100kPa, measuring the deformation process of the test sample under the action of 100kPa by a strain measuring device until the deformation is stable, and measuring the dissipation process of the pore pressure by a pore pressure measuring system in the process; after the deformation of the sample under the action of 100kPa is stable, the pressure of surrounding loading devices is kept unchanged, the pressure of 20kPa is continuously increased for the sample through the loading devices, the deformation process of the sample is measured through the strain measuring device, and the dissipation process of the pore pressure is measured through the pore pressure measuring system until the deformation of the sample is stable. The parameters of the sample related to consolidation, such as the pore ratio change, the compression coefficient, the compression modulus, the volume compression coefficient, the compression index, the rebound index (when the test is performed in the rebound phase), the consolidation coefficient, the time factor, the consolidation degree and the like of the sample in the range of 100-120 kPa under the confining pressure provided by the pressure of the surrounding loading device of 100kPa can be measured.
The device can also measure the deformation, pore pressure change and other conditions of the sample under the action of vibration. For example, after the test equipment is installed and the test sample (assuming that the test sample and the surrounding materials of the test sample are the same materials) is manufactured, loading the test sample by a loading device and a surrounding loading device by 100kPa, measuring the deformation process of the test sample under the action of 100kPa by a strain measuring device until the deformation is stable, and measuring the dissipation process of the pore pressure by a pore pressure measuring system in the process; after the deformation of the sample under the action of 100kPa is stable, the pressure of the surrounding loading device and the loading device is kept unchanged, a vibration is applied to the sample through the vibration input system, and the deformation and pore pressure change of the sample are measured through the strain measuring device and the pore pressure measuring system under the action of the vibration.
2. Triaxial test (bottom-up pressure with reference to FIG. 4a and bottom-up pressure with reference to FIG. 4 b)
The device mainly provides all or part of lateral surrounding pressure for the sample through rock-soil mass materials or other materials (the same materials as the tested sample can be different materials) around the sample, and the test parameters under different working conditions are measured through corresponding tests on the sample. The device can perform other related tests, such as compressibility, bearing capacity and the like, besides the tests which can be completed by the conventional triaxial tester.
The main structure of the triaxial test instrument consists of a loading device, a peripheral loading device (which can be a loading unit or several independent loading units), a laboratory, a strain measuring device, a pore pressure measuring system, a drainage and exhaust system (which is drawn but not marked by characters in the figure), a test platform, a permeable stone, a backing plate and the like. The loading device mainly provides axial pressure for the sample; a peripheral loading device, which mainly provides pressure for the peripheral material of the sample under the loading device; the test chamber is mainly used for accommodating a sample and surrounding materials of the sample and providing a test space for a test; the strain measurement system is mainly used for measuring the deformation of the sample in the process of the sample; the pore pressure measuring system is mainly used for measuring the pore pressure of a sample or a material in a test room in the test process; a water and air discharging system for discharging water and air from the sample and the surrounding materials; the test platform mainly provides a fixing and mounting platform for test equipment; the permeable stone is mainly used as a drainage and exhaust channel of the material in the laboratory and can lead the material in the laboratory to be stressed uniformly; the pressure of the base plate can be balanced, so that the stress of the sample under the base plate is uniform. The corresponding equipment can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the test requirement, for example, the corresponding test sample under the vibration effect needs to be measured, a vibration input system can be additionally arranged, the vibration effect is input to the test through the vibration input system, and the test related to the vibration is performed.
According to the test requirement, the laboratory selects a proper shape and form, which can be round, square or other shapes; the laboratory may be closed around (e.g., closed circular ring) or may be open (e.g., 3/4 circular ring, square lacking one side, etc.); the laboratory may be one piece or may be constructed of several parts that are detachably combined. The cross-sectional area of the test chamber is larger (or not smaller) than the contact area of the loading device (or the permeable stone and the backing plate under the loading device) with the sample. Corresponding auxiliary devices can be added or deleted to the test equipment according to actual needs, such as a hole pressure measuring system, a vibration input system, a test bench and the like are removed.
For the triaxial test with four-side closed type test chamber:
for example, when a triaxial test is performed, a sample is manufactured, the sample is placed in a test room, the sample is pressurized to required vertical pressure through a surrounding loading device and a loading device (or vertical consolidation pressure is directly applied to the sample through the surrounding loading device and the loading device, so that the sample reaches a state required by the test), then the pressure of the surrounding loading device is maintained, the pressure is continuously applied to the sample through the loading device, the vertical stress of the sample under the loading device is increased, the vertical deformation of the sample is measured in real time through a strain measuring device, and the termination load of the pressure applied by the loading device is judged according to the deformation amount or the deformation rate of the sample;
For example, when a triaxial test is performed, a sample is manufactured, the sample is placed in a test room, the sample is pressurized to a required vertical pressure through a surrounding loading device and a loading device (or the vertical consolidation pressure directly applied to the sample through the surrounding loading device and the loading device is used for enabling the sample to reach a state required by the test), then the pressure of the loading device is maintained, the pressure is continuously applied to the sample through the surrounding loading device, the surrounding pressure of the sample is increased, the deformation of the sample is measured in real time through a strain measuring device, and the termination load of the pressure applied by the loading device is judged according to the deformation amount or the deformation rate of the sample;
during the test, the working states of the surrounding loading devices and the loading devices can be adjusted according to actual needs, the test steps are not limited, the working states of the load and the drainage and exhaust system can be adjusted according to needs, and different tests on the samples are completed. For example, after the peripheral loading device and the loading device reach the load required for the test, the peripheral loading device on one side is removed, and then the sample is continuously pressurized by the loading device, and so on.
In the test, the loading device and the sample under the loading device may not be in the middle position of the laboratory, the relative positional relationship between the loading device and the surrounding loading devices may be any combination, and the loading device may be in the middle of the plane where the loading device and the surrounding loading device are combined, or may be in other positions.
Triaxial test with non-closed (or removably assembled closed) perimeter for the laboratory:
for example, the sample is prepared, placed in a laboratory, pressurized to a required vertical pressure by a surrounding loading device and a loading device (or directly applied to the sample by the surrounding loading device and the loading device to enable the sample to reach a required state of the sample), then removed from the restraint of one or more sides of the sample, continuously applied with pressure to the sample by the loading device, increased in vertical stress of the sample, and measured in real time by a strain measuring device, and the termination load of the pressure applied by the loading device is judged according to the deformation amount or the deformation rate of the sample.
For example, during the test, the working states of the surrounding loading device and the loading device can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the working states of the load and the water and air discharging system can be adjusted according to needs to finish different tests on the sample without being limited by the test steps. For the test of the non-closed and detachable combined type laboratory, the side limit conditions can be adjusted according to actual needs to finish the parameter measurement of the sample under different working conditions regardless of the test steps
During the test, the surrounding loading device can provide pressure with uniform size for the test and can also provide different pressures for different parts; the loading device and the surrounding loading device can adjust the respective positions according to the relative positions of the samples in the laboratory.
The loading device and the surrounding loading device can be independent one loading unit or can be formed by a plurality of independent loading units, for example, when the surrounding loading device is a plurality of independent loading units, different pressures can be applied to different parts of surrounding materials of a sample under the loading device, so that different test working conditions can be realized.
When various parameters of the sample in the vibration state need to be measured, the vibration input system can be started according to the test requirement, and various reactions of the sample (such as hyperstatic pore water pressure of the sample, deformation under the vibration effect and the like) and related parameters (such as dynamic cohesion force, dynamic internal friction angle and the like) of the sample are measured under the vibration effect.
The sample can be used for performing related test experiments on other materials (such as concrete, rock and the like) without being limited to soil materials; the test may not be limited to one material, but may be used to perform a related test on a composite material (e.g., composite foundation, etc.) composed of a plurality of materials.
The tests that can be performed by the instrument are not limited to the several tests mentioned herein, but other tests can be performed on the instrument; or, add some auxiliary facilities on the principle and platform of the present equipment design, realize some other relevant tests.
3. Penetration test (only constant head related instruments are shown with reference to FIG. 5)
According to whether the water head is constant in the test process, the penetration test is two kinds of constant water head tests and variable water head tests. The main equipment comprises a test cylinder (i.e. a test room), a water supply device (a constant water head and a variable water head), a water outlet pipe, a loading device, an overflow facility, a surrounding loading device, a strain measuring device, a measuring system (for measuring the amount of permeated liquid, including a water receiver, a volume measuring device and the like), a pressure measuring hole and a pressure measuring device, wherein the sectional area (or inner diameter) of the water receiver in the measuring system is not larger than the sectional area (or inner diameter) of the test cylinder. The test instrument can measure the parameters of a part of samples in the test cylinder by measuring that the sectional area of the water receiver in the system is not larger than the sectional area of the test cylinder, so that the influence of the contact interface of the samples and the test cylinder on the test result is avoided, and the penetration test under different working conditions can be realized; meanwhile, the test can be pressurized, the deformation of the sample is measured, and different parameters of the same sample under different pressures or densities are measured. According to the actual needs of the test, partial structures can be added or removed, such as a loading device, a surrounding loading device, a pressure measuring hole, a pressure measuring pipe and the like, a temperature measuring device for adding a sample or penetrating liquid, a flow velocity measuring device and a measuring device for measuring the penetrating amount of materials outside the section of the water receiver are added in the measuring device, but the realization of the instrument is not hindered: the influence of the contact section of the sample and the test barrel on the test result is avoided, and the test result of the sample under different pressures is realized.
The test tube provides the splendid attire equipment of sample, water supply installation provides infiltration liquid and flood peak for the test, the measuring device measures the infiltration volume of liquid in the test process, loading device and surrounding loading device can apply pressure for the sample in the test tube, the flood peak facility can make the flood peak in the infiltration of constant flood peak keep invariable, the deformation of sample in the test tube is measured to the strain measurement system, pressure measurement hole and pressure measurement device can measure the flood peak in different positions in the test tube, the measuring system can collect the infiltration liquid of sample in the water receiver cross-section to the measuring system through the water receiving pipe and measure the infiltration volume of liquid. The structural type of each part is not limited to the one shown in the drawings, for example, the water supply device in the variable head test can be of the same structure with the section from top to bottom, or of the variable section.
For example, a constant water head test is carried out, a sample is manufactured, the length of the sample is L, the water head is h after the completion of the test, the seepage is measured by a measuring system within t time after the seepage is stabilized, the seepage q of the cross section area A of a water receiver of the measuring system is measured, and the deformation s of the sample caused by the seepage is measured by a strain measuring system; the method comprises the steps of applying pressure p to a sample in a sample cylinder through a loading device and a surrounding loading device, measuring the deformation S of the sample in the sample cylinder through a strain measuring system, and measuring the penetration Q of the cross section area A of a water outlet pipe of the measuring system in T time after seepage stabilization through the measuring system. Then, under the water head h, before the pressure p is applied, the penetration quantity passing through the section of the water outlet pipe in the time t is q; and after the pressure p is applied, the penetration quantity of the water outlet section of the system is Q in the time T. Meanwhile, the relation between the permeation quantity and time under each working condition can be measured; and the relation between the permeation quantity and time of the sample with any section in the laboratory, and the permeation quantity after permeation flow stabilization.
For example, in a variable water head test, a sample is manufactured, the length of the sample is L after the instrument is finished, the penetration q of the section area A of a water outlet pipe of the measuring system is measured in the time t through the measuring system, and the deformation s of the sample caused by seepage is measured through the strain measuring system; the method comprises the steps of applying pressure p to a sample in a sample cylinder through a loading device and a surrounding loading device, measuring the deformation S of the sample in the sample cylinder through a strain measuring system, continuously performing a variable water head permeation test after seepage is stable under the action of a water head h1, and measuring the permeation Q of the section area A of a water outlet pipe of the system in T time under the action of the variable water head after seepage is stable under the action of the water head h1 through a measuring system. Then, before the pressure p is applied, under the action of the variable water head, the penetration quantity passing through the section of the water outlet pipe in the time t is q; and after the pressure p is applied, in the time T, under the action of the variable water head, the penetration quantity of the water outlet section of the system is measured to be Q.
Meanwhile, the device can also measure the relation between the permeation quantity and time under various working conditions; the relation between the permeation quantity and time of the sample with any section and the permeation quantity after the permeation flow is stable (a plurality of sets of measuring systems can be arranged, and the permeation conditions of different sections are measured by arranging water receivers with different sections and corresponding volume measuring devices).
4. Compression test (refer to FIG. 6 compression tester)
The device mainly provides all or part of lateral pressure for the sample through rock-soil mass materials or other materials (the same materials as the tested sample or different materials) around the sample, realizes test under different working conditions (for example, the sample is under different lateral pressures), and measures relevant test parameters of the sample.
The main structure of the compression test instrument consists of a loading device, a peripheral loading device, a test box, a strain measuring device, a vibration input system, a backing plate, a test platform and the like. The test box mainly provides space for accommodating the sample and for the test of the sample, the loading device mainly provides pressure for the sample, the surrounding loading device mainly provides pressure for materials around the sample, the strain measurement system mainly measures deformation of the sample in the test box and the materials around the sample in the test process, the base plate can enable the stress of the materials under the loading device and the surrounding loading device to be more uniform, the test platform can provide a fixing and mounting platform for test equipment, and the vibration input system can provide vibration input for the sample under the action of vibration to be measured. Corresponding auxiliary devices can be added or deleted to the test equipment according to actual needs (for example, when the test sample is required to be subjected to corresponding vibration, a vibration input system can be added, vibration input can be provided for the test sample through the vibration input system, a hole pressure measuring system can be added when the change of the hole pressure of the test sample in the test is required to be measured, a test bench can be added according to needs, and the like), but all or part of lateral pressure provided for the test sample by materials around the test sample can not be influenced by the equipment, so that the test of the test sample under different working conditions can be realized.
The test box is selected to have a proper cross-sectional shape according to test requirements, and can be round (whether a ring is used more properly or not), square and the like; can be closed on the periphery (such as a closed ring) or not (such as a 3/4 ring, square lacking one side); the test box can be an integral body or can be formed by components with several parts which are detachably combined (such as); the cross-sectional area of the cartridge is greater than (or not less than) the contact area of the loading device (or the backing plate of the loading device) with the sample.
For example, when the peripheral loading device is a plurality of independent loading units, different pressures can be applied to different parts of the peripheral material of the sample under the loading device, so that different test conditions are realized, and the peripheral pressure formed by the independent loading units can be applied to the same pressure or different pressures under each independent loading unit.
Test for laboratory of closed type:
side limit compression or partial side limit compression:
for example, after the sample is prepared (or, the sample is brought into a state required for the test by applying pressure to the sample by the peripheral loading means and the loading means), the sample is pressurized to a required pressure p1 by the loading means and the peripheral loading means, then the load p2 is continuously applied to the sample by the loading means and the peripheral loading means, and the deformation s of the sample is measured in real time by the strain measuring means. Based on the measured stress, strain, etc. (the pressure increases from p1 to p2, the deformation of the sample is s), the parameters of the sample under this condition are determined.
There is a compression of the ambient pressure provided by the ambient loading means:
after the sample is prepared (or, the sample is pressurized by the surrounding loading device and the loading device to reach the state required by the test), the sample is pressurized to the required pressure p1 by the loading device and the surrounding loading device, then the surrounding loading device is kept unchanged, the sample is continuously pressurized by the loading device p2, and the deformation s of the sample is measured in real time by the strain measuring device. The parameters of the sample under this condition are determined from the measured stress versus strain relationship (pressure increases from p1 to p2, deformation of the sample is s).
Test for the laboratory as non-closed (detachable combination):
side limit compression or partial side limit compression:
after the sample is prepared (or, the sample is pressurized by the surrounding loading device and the loading device to reach the state required by the test), the sample is pressurized to the required pressure p1 by the loading device and the surrounding loading device, then a part of the test box is removed, a part of the side face of the sample is unconstrained, the sample is continuously pressurized by the loading device and the surrounding loading device p2, and the deformation s of the sample is measured in real time by the strain measuring device. The parameters of the sample under this condition are determined from the measured stress versus strain relationship (pressure increases from p1 to p2, deformation of the sample is s).
There is a compression of the ambient pressure provided by the ambient loading means:
after the sample is prepared (or the sample is subjected to pressure through the surrounding loading device and the loading device to reach the state required by the test), the sample is pressurized to the required pressure p1 through the loading device and the surrounding loading device, then a part of the test box is removed, a part or all of the side faces of the sample are out of constraint, the deformation s of the sample is measured through the deformation measuring device, and the parameters of the corresponding sample are determined.
For example, after the sample is prepared (or the sample is brought to a desired state for the test by applying pressure to the sample by the peripheral loading means and the loading means), the sample is pressurized to a desired pressure of 100kPa by the loading means and the peripheral loading means, then a part of the test cartridge is removed, a part or all of the sides of the sample is unconstrained, the pressure of the peripheral loading means is maintained, the pressure of 20kPa is continuously increased to the sample by the loading means, and the deformation of the sample is measured by the deformation measuring means. And determining corresponding sample parameters according to the relation between the measured stress and the strain. Parameters related to the compressibility of the sample, such as the porosity, compression coefficient, compression modulus, volume compression coefficient, compression index, rebound index (when tested from rebound phase) and the like, of the sample in the range of 100 to 120kPa under the confining pressure provided by the ambient loading device pressure of 100kPa can be measured.
The test can also determine various corresponding conditions of the sample under the action of vibration. For example, after the sample is prepared (or the sample is brought into a state required for the test by applying pressure to the sample by the peripheral loading means and the loading means), the sample is pressurized to a pressure of 100kPa by the loading means and the peripheral loading means, then a part of the test cartridge is removed, a part or all of the side faces of the sample are unconstrained, the pressure of 100kPa by the peripheral loading means and the loading means is maintained, a vibration is applied to the sample by the vibration input system, and the deformation or the like of the sample is measured by the strain measuring means under the action of the vibration. And determining parameters related to deformation of the sample under the vertical pressure of 100kpa according to the relation between the measured stress and the strain and the vibration input.
The positional relationship between the loading means and the surrounding loading means may be adjustable as required by the test, and the loading means may be located in the middle of the upper surface of the whole sample, on one side of the upper surface of the whole sample, or in any other position.
During the test, the working states of the surrounding loading devices and the loading devices can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the working states of the surrounding loading devices and the loading devices can be adjusted according to needs to finish different tests on samples without being limited by the test steps. For the test of the non-closed and detachable combined test box, the side limit condition can be adjusted according to the actual needs to finish the parameter measurement of the sample under different working conditions regardless of the test steps.
The tester not only can carry out various compression tests on the sample, but also can carry out various indoor tests such as rebound test, compaction test, compression test, rebound recompression compression test and the like on the sample, and carry out various rock-soil body materials and other material related tests such as expansion-related tests on the expansive soil, collapsibility-related tests on collapsible loess and the like, and related tests on frozen soil. Meanwhile, a vibration input system of the tester can be started, and corresponding sample parameters can be determined under the corresponding vibration state.
It should be noted that, when the test needs to determine various parameters of the sample under the vibration action, the vibration input system can be started according to the test requirement, various reactions and related parameters of the sample under the vibration action (for example, the sample deforms under a certain stress state due to the vibration action, etc.), and when the pore pressure measuring system is additionally arranged on the test equipment, liquefaction of the soil material under the vibration action, hyperstatic pore water pressure, etc. can also be determined. When no instrument is required to measure the relevant parameters of the sample under vibration, the vibration input system may not be provided.
The sample can be used for performing related test experiments on other materials (such as concrete, rock and the like) without being limited to soil materials; the test may not be limited to one material, but may be used to perform a related test on a composite material (e.g., composite foundation, etc.) composed of a plurality of materials.
The tests that can be performed by the instrument are not limited to the several tests mentioned herein, but other tests can be performed on the instrument; or, add some auxiliary facilities on the principle and platform of the present equipment design, realize some other relevant tests.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some technical features of the technical scheme can be replaced equivalently, or other related tests can be performed on the basis of the device; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test apparatus comprising a laboratory and a loading device, wherein:
the test chamber consists of a bottom surface and side surfaces, wherein a marking line is drawn on the bottom surface of the test chamber, the marking line divides the test chamber into a first area positioned at the center of the bottom surface and a second area positioned at the periphery of the first area and wrapping the first area, and the test chamber comprises a common test chamber with the watertight bottom surface and a watertight test chamber with the watertight bottom surface;
the loading device comprises a pressurizing base plate, a pressure head and a jack, wherein the pressure head acts on the pressurizing base plate to uniformly act the pressure generated by the jack on the pressurizing base plate, and the pressurizing base plate comprises a first pressurizing base plate matched with the shape and the size of the first area and a second pressurizing base plate matched with the shape and the size of the second area;
the loading device is connected with a measuring device, and the measuring device can be arranged inside the loading device or independent of the loading device.
2. The test device of claim 1, wherein when the test chamber is a water permeable test chamber, the device further comprises a water receptacle having a cross-sectional area no greater than an area of a first region of the test chamber, the water receptacle being detachably connectable to a region outside a bottom surface of the water permeable test chamber corresponding to the first region.
3. The test device of claim 1, wherein the bottom surface and the side surfaces forming the second region of the common laboratory are comprised of detachable sections.
4. A test apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the removable portions are each bounded by a portion bottom surface and a portion side surface, the removable portions being of the same shape and size.
5. The test device of claim 1, wherein the number of loading means is not less than two to act on at least the first region and the second region simultaneously.
6. The test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the test apparatus further comprises a stand comprising an "H" shaped stand for supporting the loading device and capable of stretching and contracting in a vertical direction to raise and lower the loading device.
7. The test apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a rotating cross member having one end secured to a vertical bar of the "H" shaped bracket and rotatable about the vertical bar, the loading device being secured to the other end of the rotating cross member.
8. The test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the test apparatus further comprises a measurement device, an information processing system, and a power system,
The measuring device comprises a loading measuring device, a deformation measuring device and a permeation measuring device;
the information processing system is respectively connected with the power system and the measuring device to process the data fed back by the measuring device, generate a control instruction according to the processing result and send the control instruction to the power system,
the power system is connected with the loading device to control the loading device to load according to the control instruction of the information processing system.
9. The test device of claim 8, wherein the information processing system comprises a receiving unit, a processing unit, and a control unit,
the receiving unit is used for receiving the parameter information measured by the measuring device and sending the parameter information to the processing unit;
the processing unit processes the measured parameter information according to a preset control parameter index and generates a control instruction;
the control unit controls the power system to drive the loading device to work according to the preset control parameter index and/or controls the power system to drive the loading device to work in response to the control instruction of the processing unit.
10. The test device of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the test device further comprises a vibration system that is removably securable to a floor of the test chamber to provide a vibration input to the test chamber.
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| CN114323982A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Load test device and method for providing lateral limit for large main stress |
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| CN101907547A (en) * | 2010-07-05 | 2010-12-08 | 清华大学 | Two-shaft compression test equipment |
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