CN114441435B - Filler-free vibroflotation test device and method for simulating sandy soil in-situ stress state - Google Patents
Filler-free vibroflotation test device and method for simulating sandy soil in-situ stress state Download PDFInfo
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- CN114441435B CN114441435B CN202210359992.1A CN202210359992A CN114441435B CN 114441435 B CN114441435 B CN 114441435B CN 202210359992 A CN202210359992 A CN 202210359992A CN 114441435 B CN114441435 B CN 114441435B
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- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-filler vibroflotation test device and a test method for simulating sand in an in-situ stress state, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a model sand sample in a model box by adopting a sand rain method, and controlling the initial density and the relative compactness of sand in the model sand sample by adjusting the shakeout height; s2, applying vertical stress to the mould sand sample to realize consolidation of the mould sand sample so as to simulate the in-situ stress state of the sand; s3, after consolidation is completed, a vibroflotation load is applied to the molding sand sample by using a vibroflotation device, and the penetration speed, the upward pulling speed and the segmented vibration-remaining time of the vibroflotation device in the molding sand sample are adjusted to simulate the actual vibroflotation strengthening process; and S4, in the vibroflotation reinforcement process, monitoring the physical quantities of the dynamic soil stress, the pore pressure and the acceleration of the mold sand sample under the vibroflotation action in real time through a multi-channel dynamic signal test analysis system, the pore pressure sensor, the soil pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor of the array. The invention can simulate the vibroflotation test process of the sandy soil in the actual stress state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering foundation treatment, in particular to a filler-free vibroflotation test device and a test method for simulating sandy soil in an in-situ stress state.
Background
The vibroflotation method is widely used for reinforcing soft foundation, and has the advantages of simple process, convenient construction, short construction period, economy, practicality, remarkable effect and the like, so the vibroflotation method is widely applied to port engineering, hydraulic engineering, traffic engineering and building engineering.
The vibration-impact method without filler is one of the vibration-impact methods, and has become one of the most common reinforcement methods for sand foundations at present due to the advantages of economy and practicality, no need of 'three materials' (steel bars, cement and sand), and the like. The non-filler vibroflotation method is characterized in that the self weight and horizontal vibration of a vibroflotation device are utilized to penetrate into a sand layer, the sand layer is liquefied by strong repeated horizontal vibration of the vibroflotation device, sand particles are rearranged, pores are reduced, and the sand layer becomes dense by loose. The prior research result shows that the non-filler vibroflotation reinforcement effect of the sandy soil depends on the properties (such as initial relative compactness and stress state) of the sandy soil, the performance (such as vibration force, vibration frequency and the like) of a vibroflotation device and the like.
In the process of sand vibroflotation, the impact or vibration of the vibroflotation device on the foundation soil layer is a complex process of energy conversion, transmission and dissipation. In the prior art, the research on the reinforcement mechanism of sand and the influence factors thereof by a filler-free vibroflotation method is still not deep enough, partial scholars adopt an indoor model test to research, and partial scholars also research from the aspects of wave and energy propagation, dynamic liquefaction, cyclic compaction or composite foundation and the like, wherein the indoor model test is an important means.
However, in the existing reported vibroflotation model test literature, a sand rain method is mainly adopted for a model test soil sample, the soil sample has a low stress level which is far lower than the stress state of an actual sand foundation, and the relative compactness index of the sand sample after the model test is reinforced is low, so that the actual situation on site cannot be effectively reflected.
Therefore, a model test device is urgently needed to be developed, and the vibration-impact reinforcement process of the sandy soil in the actual stress state can be simulated, so that the optimal vibration-impact control parameters are determined, and a reliable basis is provided for reinforcement of the in-situ sandy soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the problem that the existing vibroflotation model test in the prior art cannot meet the actual requirement, and provide a filler-free vibroflotation test device and a test method for simulating sandy soil in an in-situ stress state, which can be used for simulating the vibroflotation test process of sandy soil in an actual stress state indoors and provide reliable technical support for researching the vibroflotation reinforcement effect and the reinforcement mechanism of a sandy soil foundation.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a non-filler vibroflotation test method for simulating sandy soil in an in-situ stress state, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, preparing a model sand sample in a model box by adopting a sand rain method, and controlling the initial density and the relative compactness of sand in the model sand sample by adjusting the shakeout height;
S2, applying vertical stress to the mould sand sample to realize consolidation of the mould sand sample so as to simulate the in-situ stress state of the sand;
s3, after consolidation is completed, applying a vibroflotation load to the model sand sample by using a vibroflotation device, and adjusting the penetration speed, the upward pulling speed and the segmental vibration retention time of the vibroflotation device in the model sand sample so as to simulate the actual vibroflotation reinforcement process;
and S4, in the vibroflotation reinforcement process, monitoring the physical quantities of the dynamic soil stress, the pore pressure and the acceleration of the mold sand sample under the vibroflotation action in real time through a multi-channel dynamic signal test analysis system, the pore pressure sensor, the soil pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor of the array.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the S1 includes the following steps:
s1-1, calibrating the relation between the sand density and the shakeout distance to obtain the relation between the shakeout height and the relative compactness of the sand;
s1-2, filling sand into the simulation box in multiple layers, and controlling the distance between the shakeout position and the shakeout surface according to the relation between the shakeout height and the relative compactness of the sand, so that the initial density of the sand is in a loose or dense state, and the corresponding compactness of the sand is Dr equal to 0.3-0.75;
and S1-3, after the preparation of the model sand sample is finished, injecting water from the bottom of the model sand sample in the model box until the water surface reaches the surface of the model sand sample, so that the model sand sample is slowly saturated.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the sandy soil used to prepare the model sand sample includes coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, and silt sand.
In one embodiment of the invention, in step S2, during the application of the vertical stress, the vertical deformation of the mold sand sample is monitored, so that the stress state applied to the mold sand sample is the same as the in-situ stress state.
In one embodiment of the invention, in step S2, the magnitude of the applied vertical stress is 10kPa to 400 kPa.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the vibroflotation process includes:
s3-1, controlling the vibroflot to penetrate into the bottom of a model box filled with a model sand sample at a constant speed, and keeping vibration at the bottom of the model box;
s3-2, controlling the vibroflotation device to be pulled up to the surface of the sand sample of the model from the bottom segment of the model box at a constant speed to finish primary vibroflotation; in the process of drawing, vibration is kept after each subsection is drawn, the length of the subsection is controlled to be 0.1-0.15 m, and the vibration keeping time is controlled to be 10-15 s;
s3-3, repeating the steps S3-1 and S3-2 at an interval of 24h after one-time vibroflotation is finished, and carrying out next vibroflotation.
In one embodiment of the invention, in step S3, the diameter of the vibroflot is 50mm or 75mm, the power is 2.2kW to 10kW, and the vibration frequency is 50Hz to 200 Hz.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pore pressure sensors are arranged on different height positions of the model box in layers, each layer is provided with a plurality of pore pressure sensors with different distances from the vibroflotation path of the vibroflotation device, and the pore pressure sensors monitor the hyperstatic pore pressure development and dissipation process in the vibroflotation test process in real time;
the soil pressure sensors are arranged at different height positions of the model box in layers, each layer is provided with a plurality of soil pressure sensors with different vibroflotation paths from the vibroflot, and the soil pressure sensors monitor the variation process of the soil moving pressure in the vibroflot process in real time;
the acceleration sensors are arranged at different height positions of the model box in a layered mode, each layer is provided with a plurality of acceleration sensors different from the vibroflotation path of the vibroflotation device, and the acceleration sensors monitor the vibration characteristics of sandy soil in the vibroflotation process in real time.
In an embodiment of the invention, the method further includes step S5, performing static sounding experiments at positions with different distances from the vibroflotation path of the vibroflotation device respectively 24 hours before vibroflotation and 24 hours after vibroflotation, wherein the detection depth of the static sounding is from the surface of the sand sample of the model to the bottom of the model box, and further evaluating the vibroflotation reinforcement effect of the sand in the in-situ stress state.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention also provides a non-filler vibroflotation test device for simulating sand in an in-situ stress state, which is used for realizing a test method, and the test device comprises:
a model box;
the sand rain sample preparation system is used for preparing a model sand sample in the model box;
the vertical stress loading system is used for applying vertical consolidation stress to the model sand sample;
the vibroflot is used for applying vibroflot load to the molding sand sample;
the vibroflotation device coding controller is used for adjusting the penetration speed, the upward pulling speed and the sectional vibration retention time of the vibroflotation device in the model sand sample;
the saturated water tank is communicated with the bottom of the model box and is used for injecting water into the model box to realize slow saturation of the model sand sample;
the sensor and the dynamic signal testing and analyzing system comprise an array of pore pressure sensors, soil pressure sensors and acceleration sensors, and the physical quantities of dynamic soil stress, pore pressure and acceleration of the molding sand sample under the action of vibroflotation are monitored in real time by uploading signals collected by the pore pressure sensors, the soil pressure sensors and the acceleration sensors to the dynamic signal testing and analyzing system.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the non-filler vibroflotation test method for simulating sand in an in-situ stress state adopts a sand rain method to prepare a model sand sample in a model box, controls the initial density and the relative compactness of the sand in the model sand sample by adjusting the shakeout height, and applies vertical stress to the model sand sample to realize the consolidation of the model sand sample, and can be used for manufacturing the model sand sample consistent with the stress state and the saturation of a natural foundation through the treatment.
2. The method for simulating the non-filler vibroflotation test of the sand in the in-situ stress state can be used for simulating the uniform-speed sinking, vibration retention and upward pulling processes of the model sand sample vibroflotation device by controlling the vibroflotation device, and can accurately adjust and control the speed of the vibroflotation device penetrating into the model sand sample and the sectional vibration retention time.
3. The invention relates to a non-filler vibroflotation test method for simulating sandy soil in an in-situ stress state, which can realize real-time monitoring of multiple physical quantities in the vibroflotation process of sandy soil by arranging hole pressure sensors, soil pressure sensors and acceleration sensors in an array in a model box to acquire in-situ implementation data and connecting a dynamic signal test analysis system.
4. The method for simulating the in-situ stress state sand without the filler vibroflotation test can apply different vertical stresses to the model sand sample in the test process, and masters the vibroflotation strengthening mechanism of the sand foundation in different stress states by testing and analyzing the parameters of the pore pressure development dissipation law, the dynamic soil pressure change law, the acceleration peak value and the like of the sand.
5. The method for simulating the in-situ stress state sandy soil without the filler has strong operability, the device for simulating the in-situ stress state sandy soil without the filler vibroflotation test has strong repeatability and a plurality of controllable variables, different in-situ sandy soil states can be simulated by controlling the variables according to actual states, and a comparison test can be carried out by adjusting a single variable.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the disclosure will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention for simulating a non-filler vibroflotation test of sandy soil in an in-situ stress state;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a test apparatus for sample preparation in a model box according to the present invention by a sand rain method;
FIG. 3 is a view of the loading apparatus configuration of the present invention for applying vertical stress to a pattern sand specimen;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a sand sample non-filler vibroflotation model test device.
Description reference numbers indicate: 1. a model box; 2. sanding a bracket; 3. an electric hoist; 4. a wire rope; 5. a sand cylinder; 6. a sand nozzle; 7. a sanding guide device; 8. a sanding bracket guide wheel; 9. a water inlet valve; 10. a water outlet valve; 11. a cylinder; 12. a pressure regulating valve; 13. a reaction frame; 14. a dial indicator is digitally displayed; 15. a loading rod; 16. metal permeable stone; 17. an air compressor; 18. a model sand sample; 19. a vibroflotation device; 20. a vibroflotation device encoding controller; 21. a saturated water tank; 22. vibroflotation of the bracket; 23. a pulley; 24. a pore pressure sensor; 25. a soil pressure sensor; 26. an acceleration sensor; 27. a dynamic signal test analysis system; 28. and vibrating and punching a bracket guide wheel.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and the embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can carry out the present invention, but the embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the method for simulating the non-filler vibroflotation test of the sandy soil in the in-situ stress state comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a model sand sample 18 in the model box 1 by adopting a sand rain method, and controlling the initial density and the relative compactness of the sand in the model sand sample 18 by adjusting the shakeout height;
in this embodiment, the specific process for preparing the model sand sample 18 is as follows:
firstly, the artificially prepared model sand sample 18 is required to be similar to the state of sand in an actual foundation, the density and the initial compactness of the sand in the model sand sample 18 are required to be controlled, through a plurality of experimental studies, the model sand sample 18 is respectively prepared by different shakeout modes, the model sand sample 18 prepared by shakeout of a sand rain method is found to be most similar to in-situ sand, in addition, shakeout variables including shakeout height, shakeout speed and shakeout angle in the sand rain method are controlled in an experiment, the influence of the shakeout height on the density and the initial compactness of the sand in the prepared model sand sample 18 is found to be the largest, in addition, the condition that the change of the shakeout height and the density and the initial compactness of the sand also present a certain corresponding relation is found, the higher the shakeout height is, the higher the density and the initial compactness of the sand are, after a plurality of experiments are carried out by adopting shakeout with different heights, measuring the density and the initial compactness of the sand in the model sand sample 18, and calibrating the relationship between the density and the initial compactness of the sand and the shakeout height so as to obtain the relationship between the shakeout height and the relative compactness of the sand;
Then, controlling the distance between the shakeout position and the shakeout surface according to the relation between the obtained shakeout height and the relative compactness of the sand, so that the initial density of the sand is in a loose or dense state, the compactness Dr corresponding to the sand is 0.3-0.75, specifically, in the process of shakeout in the mold box 1 through a sand rain method, filling sand samples into the mold box 1 in multiple layers, controlling the position of the shakeout to continuously move above the mold box 1, ensuring uniform shakeout in the mold box 1, determining the compactness of the sand to be obtained according to actual conditions, determining the value of the shakeout height according to the value of the compactness, and in the process of shakeout, continuously adjusting the shakeout height according to the speed of the shakeout, ensuring that the position of the shakeout and the height of the mold sample 18 in the mold box 1 are always kept at a preset height value;
finally, the model sand sample 18 prepared by the sand rain method is actually a dry sand sample, and has a certain difference with the actual in-situ sand state, and in order to simulate the in-situ sand state as much as possible, after the model sand sample 18 is prepared, water is injected into the model box 1 from the bottom of the model sand sample 18 until the water surface reaches the surface of the model sand sample 18, so that the model sand sample 18 is slowly saturated.
Specifically, in the in-situ foundation, the states of the foundation sands at different positions are different, and in step S1, the sands used for preparing the model sand sample 18 include coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, silt sand, and the like, which can be used for preparing the model sand sample 18 consistent with the stress state and saturation of the natural foundation.
S2, applying vertical stress to the model sand sample 18 to realize consolidation of the model sand sample 18 so as to simulate the in-situ stress state of the sand;
specifically, the sand sample stress level of the model sand sample 18 prepared by the sand rain method is lower and far lower than the stress state of an actual sand foundation, and the relative compactness index of the sand sample after model test reinforcement is lower and cannot effectively reflect the actual situation on site, so that the vertical stress is applied to the model sand sample 18 before the vibroflotation load is applied, the vertical deformation of the model sand sample 18 is monitored in the process of applying the vertical stress, the stress state of the model sand sample 18 is judged according to the vertical deformation, and the stress state of the model sand sample 18 is the same as the in-situ stress state by controlling the magnitude of the applied vertical stress to be 10 kPa-400 kPa.
S3, after the consolidation is completed, applying a vibroflotation load to the model sand sample 18 by using the vibroflotation device 19, and adjusting the penetration and upward pulling speed and the segmental vibration retention time of the vibroflotation device 19 in the model sand sample 18 so as to simulate the actual vibroflotation consolidation process;
In this embodiment, the specific process of applying the vibroflotation load by using the vibroflotation device 19 is as follows:
applying a vibration and impact load to the model sand sample 18 prepared by the steps in a vibration and impact remaining mode from bottom to top, firstly controlling the vibration and impact device 19 to uniformly penetrate into the bottom of the model box 1 filled with the model sand sample 18 from the position of the center above the model sand sample 18 at a constant speed, and remaining vibration at the bottom of the model box 1, wherein the specific penetration speed is as follows: 0.5-1.5 m/s, and the specific vibration-remaining time is 30-60 s, wherein the penetration speed and the vibration-remaining time are adjusted according to the actual condition of the model sand sample 18;
after the bottom of the model sand sample 18 is subjected to residual vibration, controlling the vibroflot 19 to be pulled up to the surface of the model sand sample 18 from the bottom section of the model box 1 at a constant speed to complete primary vibroflot; in the process of pulling up, vibration is remained after each subsection pulling up, and specifically, the pulling up speed is as follows: 0.5-1.5 m/s, sectional drawing-up length of 0.1-0.15 m, and vibration retention time of 10-15 s, wherein the drawing-up speed, the drawing-up length and the vibration retention time are adjusted according to the actual condition of the model sand sample 18;
and after one vibroflotation is finished, repeating the steps S3-1 and S3-2 at an interval of 24h for carrying out the next vibroflotation, wherein the number of times of repeated vibration can be selected from 5-10 times according to the actual test requirement, and the repeated vibration is used for researching the reinforcing effect of different vibroflotation times on the model sand sample.
Specifically, in step S3, in order to meet the requirement of vibroflotation, the diameter of the vibroflotation device 19 is 50mm or 75mm, the power is 2.2kW to 10kW, the vibration frequency is 50Hz to 200Hz, and the vibroflotation device 19 adopts a vibroflotation device as a vibroflotation excitation source, which is that an eccentric rotor rotates at a high speed to generate eccentric force and vibration, and the eccentric force and vibration are transmitted to the surrounding sandy soil through a casing.
S4, in the vibroflotation reinforcement process, monitoring the dynamic soil stress, the pore pressure and the physical quantity of acceleration of the molding sand sample under the vibroflotation action in real time through a multi-channel dynamic signal test analysis system 27, the pore pressure sensor 24, the soil pressure sensor 25 and the acceleration sensor 26 of the array;
specifically, the pore pressure sensors 24 are arranged at different height positions of the model box 1 in layers, each layer is provided with a plurality of pore pressure sensors 24 which are different from the vibroflotation path of the vibroflotation device 19, and the pore pressure sensors 24 monitor the hyperstatic pore pressure development and dissipation process in the vibroflotation test process in real time;
the soil pressure sensors 25 are arranged at different height positions of the model box 1 in layers, each layer is provided with a plurality of soil pressure sensors 25 which are different from the vibroflotation path of the vibroflot 19, and the soil pressure sensors 25 monitor the variation process of the soil moving pressure in the vibroflot process in real time;
The acceleration sensors 26 are arranged at different height positions of the model box 1 in a layered manner, each layer is provided with a plurality of acceleration sensors 26 which are different from the vibroflotation path of the vibroflot 19, and the acceleration sensors 26 monitor the vibration characteristics of sandy soil in the vibroflot process in real time;
the soil states at different positions away from the vibroflotation device 19 are collected through the pore pressure sensor 24, the soil pressure sensor 25 and the acceleration sensor 26 of the array, the collected data are uploaded to the multi-channel dynamic signal testing and analyzing system 27, and the physical quantities such as dynamic stress, pore pressure, deformation, acceleration and the like at different positions in the model sand sample vibroflotation process are tested and analyzed through the multi-channel dynamic signal testing and analyzing system 27.
Specifically, the method for testing the vibration and impact without filler of the sand in the simulated in-situ stress state according to the embodiment can be used for researching a vibration and impact reinforcement mechanism of a foundation in a vibration and impact process and researching a vibration and impact effect, and therefore the method further comprises a step S5 of respectively carrying out static penetration tests at positions with different distances from a vibration and impact path of the vibration and impact device 19 in 24 hours before vibration and after vibration and impact, wherein the detection depth of the static penetration tests is from the surface of the model sand sample 18 to the bottom of the model box 1, and further evaluating the vibration and impact reinforcement effect of the sand in the in-situ stress state.
The method for testing the non-filler vibroflotation model for simulating the sand in the in-situ stress state comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a sample in a model box 1 by adopting a sand rain method, and controlling the initial density and the relative compactness of sandy soil through the shakeout height; applying vertical stress to the model sand sample 18 by adopting a stress loading system to simulate the actual stress state of the sand; penetrating the sand into the bottom of the model box 1 at a constant speed by using a vibroflotation device 19, keeping vibration, lifting the sand to the surface of a sand sample in a subsection constant speed, finishing vibroflotation for one time, and performing vibroflotation for the next time after 24 hours after each vibroflotation is finished; in the vibroflotation process, physical quantities of dynamic soil stress, pore pressure and acceleration of the mould sand sample under the vibroflotation action are monitored in real time through a multi-channel dynamic signal testing and analyzing system 27, an array pore pressure sensor 24, a soil pressure sensor 25 and an acceleration sensor 26, and the vibroflotation reinforcement mechanism is researched; before vibroflotation and 24 hours after each vibroflotation, static cone penetration tests are respectively carried out in sandy soil at different positions away from the vibroflotation device 19, and vibroflotation reinforcement effects are evaluated.
Specifically, by adopting the test method of the embodiment, a variable control method can be adopted in the test process, different vertical stresses can be applied to the model sand sample 18, and the vibroflotation strengthening mechanism of the model sand sample in different stress states can be mastered by testing and analyzing parameters such as the pore pressure development dissipation law, the dynamic soil pressure change law, the acceleration peak value and the like of the sand; and the influence rule of the stress state on the sand vibration and impact reinforcement effect can be evaluated by comparing the vibration and impact reinforcement effect by adopting a data comparison method.
Example 2
In order to complete the test method, the invention also provides a non-filler vibroflotation test device for simulating sand in an in-situ stress state, which is used for realizing the test method, and the test device comprises:
a model box 1;
a sand rain sample preparation system for preparing a model sand sample 18 in the model box 1;
a vertical stress loading system for applying vertical consolidation stress to the model sand sample 18;
a vibroflotation device 19 for applying vibroflotation load to the molding sand pattern 18;
the vibroflot coding controller 20 is used for adjusting the penetration speed, the upward pulling speed and the sectional vibration retention time of the vibroflot 19 in the model sand sample 18;
the saturated water tank 21 is communicated with the bottom of the model box 1 and is used for injecting water into the model box 1 to realize slow saturation of the model sand sample 18;
the sensor comprises an array of pore pressure sensors 24, a soil pressure sensor 25 and an acceleration sensor 26, the pore pressure sensors 24, the soil pressure sensor 25 and the acceleration sensor 26 collect signals and upload the signals to the dynamic signal testing and analyzing system 27, and the physical quantities of the dynamic soil stress, the pore pressure and the acceleration of the molding sand sample under the action of vibroflotation are monitored in real time.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the mold box 1 according to the embodiment is a semi-closed box, an opening is formed above the box, a water inlet valve 9 and a water outlet valve 10 are arranged at the bottom of the box, wherein the water inlet valve 9 is communicated with a saturated water tank 21, and water can be injected into the box through the saturated water tank 21, so that the test method can be completed, water is injected into the mold box 1 from the bottom of the mold sand sample 18 until the water surface reaches the surface of the mold sand sample 18, and the mold sand sample 18 is slowly saturated;
Specifically, the box body is made of a steel plate, has enough rigidity, and cannot deform under the sand sample consolidation and subsequent vibroflotation action; the upper outer edge of the box body is provided with a preformed hole, so that a static sounding detection instrument can be erected conveniently in the later period; foam materials are attached to the bottom and the periphery of the box body so as to reduce the influence of vibroflotation reflected waves on test data.
In order to meet the requirement of preparing a model sand sample 18 by a sand rain method, the sand rain sample preparation system in the embodiment comprises a sand spreading bracket 2 and an electric hoist 3 arranged on the sand spreading bracket 2, wherein the electric hoist 3 is connected with a suspended sand cylinder 5 through a steel wire rope 4, a sand nozzle 6 capable of shakeout is arranged at the bottom of the sand cylinder 5, the sand nozzle 6 is arranged above a model box 1, and shakeout is carried out in the model box 1 through the sand nozzle 6;
specifically, in the shakeout process, the shakeout position is controlled to continuously move above the model box 1 to ensure that the sand is uniformly shakeout in the model box 1, in the embodiment, a sanding bracket guide wheel 8 is further arranged below the sanding bracket 2, a sanding guide device 7 is arranged above the model box 1, and the sand cylinder 5 is driven to move by the sanding guide device 7, so that the purpose of controlling the shakeout position is achieved.
Referring to fig. 3, in order to apply a vertical stress to a model sand sample 18 and realize consolidation of the model sand sample 18 to simulate an in-situ stress state of sand, the embodiment discloses a vertical stress loading system, which includes a reaction frame 13 capable of being erected above a model box 1, a loading rod 15 for applying a vertical pressure to the model box 1 is arranged on the reaction frame 13, an air cylinder 11 and a pressure regulating valve 12 are arranged at one end of the loading rod 15 away from the model box 1, the air cylinder 11 is connected with an air compressor 17, the air compressor 17 provides a driving force for the air cylinder 11, the magnitude of the driving force is controlled by the pressure regulating valve 12 to regulate the magnitude of the applied vertical pressure, a pressure plate having the same magnitude as that of an opening of the model box 1 is arranged at one end of the loading rod 15 close to the model box 1, a metal permeable stone 16 is placed on the model sand sample 18, the pressing plate can be inserted into the model box 1 through the opening and presses on the metal permeable stone 16 to press the model sand sample 18 in the model box 1;
specifically, in order to monitor the deformation of the model sand sample 18, the loading rod 15 is further provided with a digital display dial indicator 14, which measures the change of the height of the model sand sample 18 in real time and determines the deformation of the model sand sample 18, thereby determining the stress change of the model sand sample 18.
Referring to fig. 4, in order to complete the step of applying the vibroflotation load in the above-mentioned test method, the vibroflotation test device disclosed in this embodiment includes a vibroflotation bracket 22 capable of being erected above the model box 1, and a pulley 23 arranged on the vibroflotation bracket 22, wherein a pulley rope is arranged on the pulley 23, one end of the pulley rope is connected to a vibroflotation device 19, and the other end of the pulley rope is connected to a vibroflotation device encoding controller 20, and the vibroflotation device encoding controller 20 controls the penetration and upward pulling speed and the segmented vibration retention time of the vibroflotation device 19 in the model sand sample 18 to simulate the actual vibroflotation reinforcement process;
specifically, in order to control the penetration of the vibroflot 19 from the center of the mold sand 18, a vibroflot bracket guide wheel 28 for moving the vibroflot bracket 22 is provided below the vibroflot bracket 22, and the vibroflot bracket guide wheel 28 moves the vibroflot bracket 22 to move the vibroflot 19 above the center of the mold sand 18.
In order to monitor the physical quantities of dynamic soil stress, pore pressure and acceleration of the sand sample under the vibroflotation effect in real time, referring to fig. 4, in this embodiment, the pore pressure sensors 24 are arranged at different height positions of the model box 1 in layers, each layer is provided with a plurality of pore pressure sensors 24 with different vibroflotation paths from the vibroflot 19, and the pore pressure sensors 24 monitor the hyperstatic pore pressure development and dissipation process in the vibroflot test process in real time; the soil pressure sensors 25 are arranged at different height positions of the model box 1 in layers, each layer is provided with a plurality of soil pressure sensors 25 which are different from the vibroflotation path of the vibroflot 19, and the soil pressure sensors 25 monitor the variation process of the soil moving pressure in the vibroflot process in real time; the acceleration sensors 26 are arranged at different height positions of the model box 1 in a layered mode, a plurality of acceleration sensors 26 different in vibration and impact path from the vibration and impact device 19 are arranged on each layer, the acceleration sensors 26 monitor vibration characteristics of sandy soil in a vibration and impact process in real time, the pore pressure sensors 24, the soil pressure sensors 25 and the acceleration sensors 26 are all electrically connected with the dynamic signal testing and analyzing system 27, collected data are uploaded to the multi-channel dynamic signal testing and analyzing system 27, and physical quantities such as dynamic stress, pore pressure, deformation and acceleration located at different positions in the vibration and impact process of the model sand sample are tested and analyzed through the multi-channel dynamic signal testing and analyzing system 27.
The specific test method of the present invention is further illustrated using the test apparatus disclosed in example 2 and the test method disclosed in example 1, and comprises the steps of:
(1) firstly, adjusting the relative position of a sanding bracket 2 and a model box 1 through a sanding bracket guide wheel 8, preparing a sample by adopting a sand rain method, loading sandy soil into a sand cylinder 5, lifting the sand cylinder 5 by adopting an electric hoist 3 and a steel wire rope 4, and sealing a sand outlet of a sand nozzle 6.
(2) And calibrating the relation between the sand density and the rainfall distance to obtain the relation between the sand rainfall height and the sand relative compactness.
(3) The sand is filled into the model box 1 in 8 layers, the height of each layer of sand is kept about 10cm, a sand spraying guide device 7 is adopted to control the advancing path of a sand nozzle 6 in the sand spraying process, a steel wire rope 4 is pulled by an electric hoist 3 to adjust the distance between the sand nozzle 6 and a sand surface so as to control the compactness of a model sand sample 18 in the model box 1, the compactness can be 0.3-0.75, and a water inlet valve 9 and a water outlet valve 10 are closed in the sample filling process.
(4) The method comprises the following steps of arranging arrayed pore pressure sensors 24, soil pressure sensors 25 and acceleration sensors 26 in a sandy soil sample loading process, wherein the heights of the pore pressure sensors 24 and the soil pressure sensors 25 are 0.2m, 0.4m and 0.6m away from the bottom of a model box 1 respectively, the horizontal positions are 0.2m and 0.35m away from a vibroflotation center, the height of the acceleration sensors 26 is 0.5m away from the bottom of the model box 1, the horizontal positions are 0.1m, 0.2m, 0.3m and 0.35m away from the vibroflotation center, and the arrangement positions of the sensors are measured by using a ruler to ensure accurate positions.
(5) Connecting a saturated water tank 21 and the model box 1 by adopting a conduit, opening a water inlet valve 9, closing a water outlet valve 10, slowly saturating the model sand sample 18 from the bottom, and closing the water inlet valve 9 after a water head reaches the sand surface of the model box 1.
(6) Applying vertical consolidation stress to a model sand sample 18, adjusting the relative position of a reaction frame 13 and a model box 1, connecting an air compressor 17 with an air cylinder 11, pushing a loading rod 15 to apply the vertical stress to the model sand sample 18 through the air cylinder 11, controlling the magnitude of the applied vertical pressure by adjusting a pressure regulating valve 12, placing a metal permeable stone 16 on the surface of the model sand sample 18, testing the vertical deformation of the model sand sample 18 by adopting a digital display dial indicator 14, performing unidirectional consolidation in the test process, wherein the consolidation stress can be 10-400 kPa, and ensuring that the consolidation of the model sand sample 18 is completed under the action of the vertical stress.
(7) Adjusting the relative position of a vibroflotation bracket 22 and a model box 1 through a vibroflotation bracket guide wheel 28, ensuring that a vibroflotation device 19 is positioned above the center of a model sand sample 18 in the model box 1, adjusting the height of the vibroflotation device 19 through a pulley 23 and a pulley rope, opening a vibroflotation device coding controller 20, penetrating the vibroflotation device 19 into the bottom of the model box 1 at a speed of 1 m/min for 30s of vibration under the control of horizontal vibration, self weight and the vibroflotation device coding controller 20, pulling up the vibroflotation device 19 at a constant speed in sections at an ascending speed of 1 m/min at intervals of 0.1m, pulling up the vibroflotation device 19 at a constant speed in sections at a pulling-up position of each section for 15s, and completing one-time vibroflotation.
(8) After each vibroflotation is finished, the vibroflotation is carried out for the next time after the interval of 24 hours, and the repeated vibration times can be 5-10 times.
(9) In the test process, a multi-channel dynamic signal test analysis system 27 is adopted to automatically record physical quantities such as ultra-static pore pressure, horizontal soil pressure, acceleration and the like in the processes of sinking, staying vibrating and pulling up of the vibroflotation device 19, so as to analyze the vibroflotation reinforcement mechanism of the sandy soil in the in-situ stress state.
(10) Before vibroflotation and 24 hours after each vibroflotation is finished, carrying out static sounding tests at the positions which are 0.2 m, 0.3m and 0.4m away from the vibroflotation device 19 respectively, wherein the detection depth of the static sounding is from the surface of the model sand sample 18 to the bottom of the model box 1, and further evaluating the vibroflotation reinforcement effect of the sand in the in-situ stress state.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Various other modifications and alterations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. This need not be, nor should it be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A non-filler vibroflotation test method for simulating sandy soil in an in-situ stress state is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, preparing a model sand sample in a model box by adopting a sand rain method, and controlling the initial density and the relative compactness of sand in the model sand sample by adjusting the shakeout height;
s2, applying vertical stress to the mould sand sample to realize consolidation of the mould sand sample so as to simulate the in-situ stress state of the sand;
s3, after consolidation is completed, applying a vibroflotation load to the model sand sample by using a vibroflotation device, and adjusting the penetration speed, the upward pulling speed and the segmental vibration retention time of the vibroflotation device in the model sand sample so as to simulate the actual vibroflotation reinforcement process;
s4, in the vibroflotation reinforcement process, monitoring the physical quantities of dynamic soil stress, pore pressure and acceleration of the mould sand sample under the vibroflotation action in real time through a multi-channel dynamic signal test analysis system, an array pore pressure sensor, a soil pressure sensor and an acceleration sensor;
the hole pressure sensors are arranged at different height positions of the model box in layers, each layer is provided with a plurality of hole pressure sensors which are different from the vibroflotation path of the vibroflotation device, and the hole pressure sensors monitor the ultra-static hole pressure development and dissipation process in the vibroflotation test process in real time;
the soil pressure sensors are arranged at different height positions of the model box in layers, each layer is provided with a plurality of soil pressure sensors with different vibroflotation paths from the vibroflot, and the soil pressure sensors monitor the variation process of the soil moving pressure in the vibroflot process in real time;
The acceleration sensors are arranged at different height positions of the model box in a layered mode, each layer is provided with a plurality of acceleration sensors different from the vibroflotation path of the vibroflotation device, and the acceleration sensors monitor the vibration characteristics of sandy soil in the vibroflotation process in real time.
2. The method for simulating the packless vibroflotation test of the sandy soil in the in-situ stress state according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the S1 includes the steps of:
s1-1, calibrating the relation between the sand density and the shakeout distance to obtain the relation between the shakeout height and the relative compactness of the sand;
s1-2, filling sand into the mold box in multiple layers, and controlling the distance between the shakeout position and the shakeout surface according to the relation between the shakeout height and the relative compactness of the sand, so that the initial density of the sand is in a loose or dense state, and the corresponding compactness of the sand is Dr equal to 0.3-0.75;
and S1-3, after the preparation of the model sand sample is finished, injecting water from the bottom of the model sand sample in the model box until the water surface reaches the surface of the model sand sample, so that the model sand sample is slowly saturated.
3. The method for simulating the packless vibroflotation test of the sandy soil in the in-situ stress state according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S1, the sandy soil used to prepare the model sand sample includes coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, and silt sand.
4. The method for simulating the packless vibroflotation test of the sandy soil in the in-situ stress state according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S2, the vertical deformation of the mold sand is monitored during the application of the vertical stress, so that the stress state applied to the mold sand is the same as the original stress state.
5. The method for simulating the packless vibroflotation test of the sandy soil in the in-situ stress state according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S2, the magnitude of the applied vertical stress is 10kPa to 400 kPa.
6. The method for simulating the packless vibroflotation test of the sandy soil in the in-situ stress state according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S3, the process of the vibroflot performing vibroflot reinforcement includes:
s3-1, controlling the vibroflot to penetrate into the bottom of a model box filled with a model sand sample at a constant speed, and keeping vibration at the bottom of the model box;
s3-2, controlling the vibroflotation device to be pulled up to the surface of the sand sample of the model from the bottom segment of the model box at a constant speed to finish primary vibroflotation; in the upward drawing process, vibration is kept after each subsection is pulled up, the length of each subsection is controlled to be 0.1-0.15 m, and the vibration keeping time is controlled to be 10-15 s;
s3-3, repeating the steps S3-1 and S3-2 at an interval of 24h after finishing one vibroflotation for the next vibroflotation.
7. The method for simulating the packless vibroflotation test of the sandy soil in the in-situ stress state according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S3, the diameter of the vibroflotation device is 50mm or 75mm, the power is 2.2kW to 10kW, and the vibration frequency is 50Hz to 200 Hz.
8. The method for simulating the packless vibroflotation test of the sandy soil in the in-situ stress state according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and step S5, respectively carrying out static sounding experiments at positions with different intervals from the vibroflotation path of the vibroflot 24 hours before vibroflot and after vibroflot, wherein the static sounding detection depth is from the surface of the sand sample of the model to the bottom of the model box, and then evaluating the vibroflot reinforcement effect of the sand in the in-situ stress state.
9. The utility model provides a no filler vibroflotation test device of simulation normal position stress state sand which characterized in that: a test device for carrying out the test method of any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, said test device comprising:
a model box;
the sand rain sample preparation system is used for preparing a model sand sample in the model box;
the vertical stress loading system is used for applying vertical consolidation stress to the model sand sample;
the vibroflot is used for applying vibroflot load to the molding sand sample;
the vibroflotation device coding controller is used for adjusting the penetration speed, the upward pulling speed and the sectional vibration retention time of the vibroflotation device in the model sand sample;
The saturated water tank is communicated with the bottom of the model box and is used for injecting water into the model box to realize slow saturation of the model sand sample;
the sensor and the dynamic signal testing and analyzing system comprise an array of pore pressure sensors, soil pressure sensors and acceleration sensors, and the physical quantities of dynamic soil stress, pore pressure and acceleration of the molding sand sample under the action of vibroflotation are monitored in real time by uploading signals collected by the pore pressure sensors, the soil pressure sensors and the acceleration sensors to the dynamic signal testing and analyzing system.
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| CN115876962B (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-06-13 | 山东科技大学 | Marine foundation test device for preparing sandy seabed based on fluidization and use method |
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