CN105181498B - Soil body internal stress test simple instrument and method under cyclic load - Google Patents
Soil body internal stress test simple instrument and method under cyclic load Download PDFInfo
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- CN105181498B CN105181498B CN201510585493.4A CN201510585493A CN105181498B CN 105181498 B CN105181498 B CN 105181498B CN 201510585493 A CN201510585493 A CN 201510585493A CN 105181498 B CN105181498 B CN 105181498B
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- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the soil body dynamic characterization measurement technology in terms of a kind of geotechnical engineering, in particular to soil body internal stress easily-testing instrument and method under a kind of cyclic load.Many researchs and report all record under cyclic load subgrade soils dynamic stress accumulation can occur, but this phenomenon does not cause the attention of educational circles.Major function of the present invention is to can measure internal stress in soil can also obtain the parameters such as subsidence curve, the dynamic modulus of elasticity, total deformation modulus, static modulus of elasticity of the soil body under cyclic load to the response condition of the factors such as different cyclic load sizes, Loaded contact analysis, loading frequency, soil body compaction rate.The invention belongs to a kind of laboratory tests simply, facilitate the innovative technology for obtaining soil body kinetic characteristics；By leveraged pressure instrument, this instrument can realize ten times of load outputs, save instrument consumptive material and power source.Instrument controlling and data acquisition realize automation control using computer system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soil body dynamic characterization measurement technology in terms of a kind of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a kind of circulation lotus
Carry lower soil body internal stress test simple instrument and method.The present invention can be also used for sedimentation and deformation test, deformation modulus test.This
Invention belongs to that a kind of laboratory test is simple, facilitates the innovative technology for obtaining soil body kinetic characteristics.
Background technique
The load that the grounds such as highway, railway, runway are born is prolonged and repeated dynamic load, the soil body under dynamic load
There is the differences of essence for soil body mechanical behavior under mechanical behavior and dead load.Many subgrade soils can be much smaller than static strength
Cyclic load under destroy.Under course under cyclic loading, the permanent deformation of base and ground will accelerate upper layer road surface to tie
The deformation of structure, this will cause road surface disaster and traffic safety problem.
In road engineering and foundation engineering, dynamic stress refers to the dynamic additional stress in soil, abbreviation dynamic stress in soil.It needs
Illustrate, is different from the external load of cell cube test (such as triaxial test), dynamic stress refers to a kind of structurally internal stress in soil.
The in-situ test and model test of road basis engineering field record to move additional stress response in subgrade soils
The phenomenon that increasing with vehicular load number and accumulating.On the other hand, when dynamic stress method reinforcing soft ground, ground is also monitored to obtain
The response of middle total stress and pore pressure lags behind the load and unloading rammed；In soil remaining effective stress with ramming times increase
And increase.
Although research and engineering report all record that dynamic stress can occur is tired for subgrade soils, subsoil soil under cyclic load
Product.But dynamic stress Accumulation Phenomenon does not cause the attention of scholars in soil.We are it should be appreciated that subgrade soils and subsoil soil
Cumulative stress phenomenon under traffic loading is a kind of objective, long-term phenomenon.Cumulative stress phenomenon should cause scholar and work
It the attention of Cheng Shi and is studied.
Major function of the present invention be can measure soil in internal stress to different cyclic load amount sizes, Loaded contact analysis, load frequency
The response of the factors such as the initial compaction rate of rate, the soil body.This instrument can also obtain subsidence curve of the soil body under cyclic load,
The parameters such as the dynamic modulus of elasticity, total deformation modulus, static modulus of elasticity.
Summary of the invention
For the dynamic stress during simulated driving or during dynamic method consolidated subsoil in subgrade soils and subsoil soil
The advantages of response, the present invention has used for reference the leveraged pressure instrument of measurement elastic modulus of soil body, processed improvement devises special follow
Soil body internal stress tester under ring load.By leveraged pressure instrument, this instrument can realize 10 times of output cyclic loads, save instrument
Device consumptive material and power source.By computer control system, the present invention can control the Loaded contact analysis of cyclic load, amplitude, the period,
It is intermittent time, flexible and convenient to use.Major function of the present invention be can measure soil in internal stress to different cyclic load amount sizes, plus
The response of the factors such as the initial compaction rate of carrier wave shape, loading frequency, the soil body.This instrument can also obtain the soil body in cyclic load
Under the parameters such as subsidence curve, the dynamic modulus of elasticity, total deformation modulus, static modulus of elasticity.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: soil body internal stress tester under cyclic load, comprising: (1) soil sample peripheral location is quiet
Load application system, (2) soil sample center cyclic load application system, (3) stress, displacement measurement system, and (4) computer
Control system.
Peripheral location dead load application system and center cyclic load application system need to use leveraged pressure instrument.
The size and structure composition of leveraged pressure instrument are shown in " Standard for test methods of earthworks GB/T50123-1999 " and " leveraged pressure instrument
JJG107-2012》。
Each branch of the present invention point is described in detail as follows:
(1) the soil sample peripheral location dead load application system includes: rigid stress frame, proving ring, jack, lever pressure
Heavy compaction cylinder and pressure transmission rod in power instrument.The size of heavy compaction cylinder (soil sample tube) are as follows: internal diameter 152mm, cylinder are high
166mm；Cushion block diameter 151mm in cylinder；Casing height 50mm.The position that pressure transmission rod is contacted with soil sample is an annular: outer
Diameter 151mm, internal diameter 51mm (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).
(2) the soil sample center cyclic load application system includes: signal generator, power amplifier, electrodynamic type
Vibration excitor, vibration excitor fixed frame, leveraged pressure instrument, loading plate.The size of loading plate contact surface are as follows: diameter 5mm.Soil sample center by
Dead load adds the effect of cyclic load (see Fig. 2).When the present invention can control the Loaded contact analysis of cyclic load, amplitude, period, interval
Between, it is flexible and convenient to use.Vibration excitor is fixed on vibration excitor fixed frame, exports exciting force, vibration excitor mandril and lever downwards
10 times of leveraged pressure positions of Instrument for Pressure contact.
(3) stress, displacement measurement system include: wire guide channels in cylinder, miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil
Pressure sensor, displacement sensor, A D converter, data acquisition recorder.Wire guide channels (Fig. 4) are a rectangular sky in cylinder
Heart pipe, length 15cm, the outer side length 15mm of square cross: wire guide channels top half is four wall hollow pipes, and lower half portion is three walls
Hollow pipe.The conducting wire of the conducting wire of miniature pore water pressure sensor and miniature soil pressure sensor is pierced by from wire guide channels.
(4) computer control system includes: microcomputer, the control software of vibration excitor signal generator, data
Collection analysis software.
Record the measured value of the soil pressure force value and pore water pressure force value under cyclic load in soil.Pressure measured value and initial value
Difference be soil in additional stress response.Using data collecting instrument and computer system record and analysis data, the soil body can be drawn out
The time course amount curve or recurring number process variable curve of internal stress and sedimentation deformation.It, can be into one according to external load and deflection
Step obtain sedimentation and deformation curve, total deformation modulus, each ess-strain circulation in elasticity modulus.
Detailed description of the invention
Soil body internal stress tester structural schematic diagram under Fig. 1 cyclic load: 1- rigid stress frame, 2- proving ring, 3- are very heavy
Top, 4- heavy compaction cylinder, 5- pressure transmission rod, 6- signal generator, 7- power amplifier, 8- Electrodynamic Vibrators, 9- exciting
Device fixed frame, 10- leveraged pressure instrument, 11-A D converter and data acquisition recorder, 12- microcomputer, 13- displacement sensing
Device, 14- conducting wire
The stress diagram of soil sample under Fig. 2 cyclic load: 15- dead load, 16- cyclic load
Fig. 3 pressure transmission rod structural schematic diagram
Fig. 4 test specimen tube wire guide channels structural schematic diagram
Fig. 5 test specimen tube soil sample, sensor scheme of installation: 14- conducting wire, 17- test cylinder, 18- cushion block, 19- sleeve, 20-
Bottom plate, 21 pore water pressure sensors, 22- soil pressure sensor, 23- test specimen tube wire guide channels
Fig. 6 test specimen tube gross area pressing plate schematic diagram
Specific embodiment
1. preparing the remoulded sample of certain moisture content condition according to needed for experiment.The soil sample that every group of test prepares should be greater than
8kg。
2. compaction cylinder and pedestal are connected, steadily as in rigid foundation.Casing is installed, it is uniform in compaction cylinder inner wall
One layer of lubricating oil is applied, a certain amount of sample is weighed, pours into compaction cylinder, placement in layers.The soil sample for filling 40mm first, at center
Horizontal positioned pore water pressure sensor；It is surrounded around pore water pressure sensor with the Artificial filtering material of saturation, to guarantee hole
The accuracy of water pressure measurement.Then the soil sample for filling 40mm is horizontally arranged soil pressure sensor at center；On pressure cell
Lower surface uniformly spreads the fine sand of 1.5cm thickness, guarantees soil pressure cell uniform force.Pore water pressure sensor and soil pressure sensor
Electric wire need guiding through wire guide channels (Fig. 4), to prevent sensor conductor from hindering soil body densification and displacement.Continue up constructing soil
Sample, the final depth of fill should be higher than that the 40mm of casing lowest surfaces, clean drum outer wall.
3. removing compaction cylinder and soil sample to peripheral location dead load application system.Compaction cylinder is placed in stress steelframe central axes position
It sets, gross area pressing plate (Fig. 6, the circular slab of diameter 151mm), pressure transmission rod (Fig. 3), very heavy is sequentially placed above soil sample tube
Top and proving ring.By controlling the displacement of jack, apply the consolidation pressure drafted to the soil sample in compaction cylinder.When consolidation position
When moving less than 0.1mm/h, it can be considered that consolidation is completed.Consolidation process is divided to saturated soil consolidation and unsaturated soil consolidates two kinds of situations, real
The personnel of testing can be laid with filter paper (drainage condition) or plastic film (not number of rows item in soil sample end according to the needs of experimental conditions
Part).
4. unloading casing after the completion of consolidation, removing gross area pressing plate；By " Standard for test methods of earthworks GB/T50123-
1999 " soil that casing part is taken with cutting ring obtains the wet density and dry density of soil sample before testing with core cutter method；With straight scraper equating
Sample at the top of soil sample tube.
5. different drainage paths is arranged according to the drainage condition needs that cyclic load is tested.Unidirectionally when upper drainage condition,
It is laid with filter paper on soil sample top, is laid with plastic foil in soil sample lower part；When double drainage condition, filter paper is laid at soil sample both ends.
6. filling compaction cylinder soil sample and embedding measurement sensor by Fig. 5 (test specimen tube soil sample, sensor scheme of installation), press
Fig. 1 (soil body internal stress tester structural schematic diagram under cyclic load) assembles instrument.Pay attention to vibration excitor mandril and leveraged pressure instrument
Mandril hanging ring position is exactly in contact with.Displacement sensor contacts bearing plate.Pore water pressure sensor, soil pressure sensor and displacement
Sensor is connected to data collecting instrument and computer system.
7. applying the ambient pressure equal with consolidation pressure to the peripheral location of soil sample by jack.In leveraged pressure instrument
Lever on place counterweight, the static pressure for being subject to soil sample center be equal to consolidation pressure.Vibration excitor generate exciting force be
In order to which ground foundation simulation receives the additional load of the generations such as vehicular load and external impact.Pass through computer control system, starting letter
Number generator generates periodic waveform, is transmitted to vibration excitor and forms cyclic loading wave, makes soil sample centre except receiving static load pressure
Outside, also by a cycle cyclic load.
8. before applying cyclic load, the initial value of soil pressure and pore water pressure in record soil.Soil sample is in cyclic load
In the process, the measured value of the soil pressure force value and pore water pressure force value that record.The difference of pressure measured value and initial value is attached in soil
Add stress response.Using data collecting instrument and computer system, the process variable of soil body internal stress and sedimentation deformation is recorded.
9. after test, materialsed the soil in cylinder by " Standard for test methods of earthworks GB/T50123-1999 " with cutting ring,
With wet density, dry density and the moisture content of soil sample after core cutter method measurement test.
Claims (2)
1. soil body internal stress tests simple instrument under cyclic load, which is characterized in that apply including soil sample peripheral location dead load
System, soil sample center cyclic load application system, Stress displacement measuring system and computer control system；
The soil sample peripheral location dead load application system includes: rigid stress frame, jack, proving ring, in leveraged pressure instrument
Heavy compaction cylinder and pressure transmission rod；Pressure transmission rod includes circular slab, cylinder transmission lever and annular slab, pressure transmission rod with
The position of very heavy top contact is a circular slab, uniformly distributed four cylinder transmission levers, pressure transmission rod between circular slab and annular slab
The position contacted with soil sample is an annular slab, the outer diameter 151mm of annular slab, internal diameter 50mm；
The soil sample center cyclic load application system include: signal generator, power amplifier, Electrodynamic Vibrators,
Vibration excitor fixed frame, leveraged pressure instrument, loading plate, and vibration excitor is fixed on vibration excitor fixed frame, exports exciting force downwards,
Vibration excitor mandril is contacted with 10 times of leveraged pressure positions of leveraged pressure instrument, leveraged pressure instrument setting four cylinder transmission levers it
Between, leveraged pressure instrument acts on the annular slab inner radius of pressure transmission rod；
The Stress displacement measuring system includes: wire guide channels in compaction cylinder, miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure
Sensor, displacement sensor, data acquisition recorder, wire guide channels are a square hollow in the cylinder, in wire guide channels
Half portion is divided into four wall hollow pipes, and lower half portion is three wall hollow pipes；The conducting wire of miniature pore water pressure sensor and miniature soil pressure
The conducting wire of force snesor is pierced by from wire guide channels.
2. being answered in the soil body under soil body internal stress test simple instrument realization cyclic load under cyclic load according to claim 1
Power tests simple and easy method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) according to needed for experiment, the remoulded sample of certain moisture content condition is prepared；The soil sample that every group of test prepares should be greater than 8kg；
(2) compaction cylinder and pedestal are connected, steadily as in rigid foundation；Casing is installed, is uniformly applied in compaction cylinder inner wall
One layer of lubricating oil, weighs a certain amount of sample, pours into compaction cylinder, placement in layers；The soil sample for filling 40mm first, the water at center
Placing flat pore water pressure sensor；It is surrounded around pore water pressure sensor with the Artificial filtering material of saturation, to guarantee pore water
The accuracy of pressure measurement；Then the soil sample for filling 40mm is horizontally arranged soil pressure sensor at center；Above and below pressure cell
Surface uniformly spreads the fine sand of 1.5cm thickness, guarantees soil pressure cell uniform force；Pore water pressure sensor and soil pressure sensor
Electric wire needs guiding through wire guide channels, to prevent sensor conductor from hindering soil body densification and displacement；It continues up and fills soil sample, finally fill out
Native height should be higher than that the 25mm of casing lowest surfaces, clean drum outer wall；
(3) compaction cylinder and soil sample are removed to peripheral location dead load application system；Compaction cylinder is placed in stress steelframe axis line position,
Gross area pressing plate, pressure transmission rod, jack and proving ring are sequentially placed above soil sample tube；By the position for controlling jack
It moves, applies the consolidation pressure drafted to the soil sample in compaction cylinder；When consolidation displacement is less than 0.1mm/h, it can be considered that consolidation is completed；
Consolidation is divided to saturated soil consolidation and unsaturated soil to consolidate two kinds of situations, and experimenter can be according to the needs of experimental conditions, at soil sample end
Portion is laid with filter paper or plastic film；
(4) after the completion of consolidating, casing is unloaded, gross area pressing plate is removed；By " Standard for test methods of earthworks 6B/T50123-1999 "
The soil that casing part is taken with cutting ring, with the wet density and dry density of core cutter method measurement soil sample；At the top of straight scraper equating compaction cylinder
Sample；
(5) the drainage condition needs tested according to cyclic load, are arranged different drainage paths；Unidirectionally when upper drainage condition,
Soil sample top is laid with filter paper, is laid with plastic foil in soil sample lower part；When double drainage condition, filter paper is laid at soil sample both ends；
(6) compaction cylinder soil sample and embedding measurement sensor are filled: assembling instrument by step (1)~(5) the method；Pay attention to
Vibration excitor mandril is exactly in contact with leveraged pressure instrument mandril hanging ring position；Displacement sensor contacts bearing plate；Pore water pressure passes
Sensor, soil pressure sensor and displacement sensor are connected to data collecting instrument and computer system；
(7) ambient pressure equal with consolidation pressure is applied to the peripheral location of soil sample by jack；In leveraged pressure instrument
Code of dispelling is placed on lever, the static pressure for being subject to soil sample center is equal to consolidation pressure；Vibration excitor generate exciting force be for
Ground foundation simulation receives the additional load of the generations such as vehicular load and external impact；Pass through computer control system, enabling signal
Generator generates periodic waveform, is transmitted to vibration excitor and forms cyclic loading wave, removes soil sample centre and receives static load pressure
Outside, also by a cycle cyclic load；
(8) before applying cyclic load, the initial value of soil pressure and pore water pressure in record soil；Soil sample is in cyclic load process
In, the measured value of the soil pressure force value and pore water pressure force value that record；The difference of pressure measured value and initial value is to add to answer in soil
Force-responsive；Using data collecting instrument and computer system, the process variable of soil body internal stress and sedimentation deformation is recorded；
(9) it after testing, is materialsed the soil in cylinder with cutting ring, with wet density, the dry density of soil sample after core cutter method measurement test
And moisture content.
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