CN108709785B - Novel automatic soil sample compaction instrument and method for root soil complex - Google Patents
Novel automatic soil sample compaction instrument and method for root soil complex Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 280
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
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- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel automatic soil sample compaction device for a root soil complex, which comprises: the compaction cylinder is provided with a reflective material on the inner wall; the hammering device is arranged in the compaction cylinder and comprises a compaction rod and a compaction hammer sleeved outside the compaction rod; the driving device is connected with the hammering device and is used for driving the hammering device to conduct hammering movement; the photoelectric induction switch is arranged on the side wall of the compaction rod and corresponds to the reflective material; and the control device is connected with the driving device and the photoelectric sensing switch, and sends a signal to the control device after the photoelectric sensing switch senses the signal, and the control device sends a command to the driving device to perform corresponding execution action. The invention can realize the automatic control of the compaction process and improve the working efficiency; and the automatic jack is adopted, so that the research result of the shear strength of the root soil composite soil body is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel automatic soil sample compaction device, in particular to a novel automatic soil sample compaction device and method for a root-soil complex. The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering experiments.
Background
In a specific construction process, soil mass is often required to be subjected to sampling research to determine parameters such as water content, dry and wet density and the like of the soil, so that the compaction performance of the soil is further known. However, the soil body is not just single soil, a large number of plant root systems are often doped in the soil body, the existence of the root systems has great influence on the shear strength of the soil body, and the research on the shear strength of the soil body can provide theoretical basis and data support for further understanding the action mechanism of the root system soil fixation and preventing and controlling water and soil loss in a research area.
The prior various soil sample compaction apparatuses are mainly used for researching plain soil, and the traditional soil sample compaction apparatuses need to be cut by a cutting ring after compacting soil bodies, so that certain damage is caused to the soil bodies, and the soil bodies of root-soil complex are particularly required to be subjected to root inserting operation, so that the cut soil bodies have great influence on roots. In addition, when soil mass compaction is carried out, the times of soil compaction are required to be controlled manually so as to carry out subsequent root insertion, and the times of soil compaction are required to be controlled by a plurality of groups of experiments, so that time and labor are wasted, the manual control has high randomness, and the error is large.
It is therefore desirable to develop a device and method for preparing a root soil complex sample to meet the needs of root soil complex research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a novel automatic soil sample compaction device and method for a root soil complex.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a novel automatic soil sample compaction device, comprising:
the compaction cylinder is provided with a reflective material on the inner wall;
the hammering device is arranged in the compaction cylinder and comprises a compaction rod and a compaction hammer sleeved outside the compaction rod;
the driving device is connected with the hammering device and is used for driving the hammering device to conduct hammering movement;
the photoelectric induction switch is arranged on the side wall of the compaction rod and corresponds to the reflective material;
and the control device is connected with the driving device and the photoelectric sensing switch, and sends a signal to the control device after the photoelectric sensing switch senses the signal, and the control device sends a command to the driving device to perform corresponding execution action.
Before compaction begins, the compaction cylinder is filled with a soil sample, the height of the soil sample is the initial soil sample height, the height of the reflective material from the cylinder bottom is lower than the initial soil sample height, and when the soil sample height is compacted to the reflective material height, the photoelectric sensing switch senses a signal sent by the reflective material.
Preferably, the hammering device further comprises a base connected to the lower end of the compaction rod, and the compaction rod is of a hollow structure.
Preferably, the driving device comprises a main motor and a transmission part, and the transmission part is arranged in the hollow structure of the compaction rod and is connected with the main motor.
A limit sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the compaction rod; the limit sensor comprises an upper limit sensor positioned on the inner side of the upper part of the compaction rod and a lower limit sensor positioned on the inner side of the lower part of the compaction rod.
An elongated cavity is vertically formed in one side wall of the compaction rod, and a photoelectric induction switch is arranged in the cavity.
Preferably, the transmission part comprises a rotating wheel, a crawler covered on the rotating wheel and a sliding telescopic device arranged on the crawler; the rotating wheels comprise an upper rotating wheel and a lower rotating wheel.
Preferably, the sliding expansion device comprises a left connecting block, a threaded rod, a right connecting block and a second motor, and a groove is formed in the inner side of the compaction hammer; the left connecting block is matched with a groove on the inner side of the compaction hammer, the second motor is located inside the left connecting block, the right end of the second motor is connected with the left end of the threaded rod, the left end of the threaded pipe is connected with the right connecting block, and the left connecting block is fixed on a track.
The right connecting block is provided with a hole with threads matched with the threaded rod.
And the limit sensor, the photoelectric inductive switch, the main motor and the second motor of the driving device are all connected with the control device.
Preferably, the compaction cylinder is used for placing a cutting ring and a soil sample, and the height of the reflecting material from the bottom end of the compaction cylinder is equal to the height of the cutting ring and is lower than the height of the initial soil sample.
Preferably, the reflective material is two rings.
Preferably, the cylinder body comprises an upper compaction cylinder and a lower compaction cylinder, and the lower compaction cylinder consists of two half cylinders.
Preferably, the upper compaction cylinder and the lower compaction cylinder are fixed by two bolts, so that the upper compaction cylinder and the lower compaction cylinder are convenient to detach and fix.
Preferably, the two half-cylinders are fixed by a circular hoop.
The compaction cylinder is divided into an upper compaction cylinder and a lower compaction cylinder, and the lower compaction cylinder consists of two half cylinders and has the functions that: the jack for soil is convenient, and the upper compaction cylinder can be directly taken down for operation; a filter screen is needed to be placed in the middle of the two compaction processes and is divided into two parts for convenient placement; the compaction soil sample can be completely taken out, and the loss caused by cutting soil is reduced.
Preferably, the compaction cylinder is made of steel.
Further preferably, the height of the upper ring of reflective material from the bottom end of the lower compaction cylinder is higher than the ring cutter and less than or equal to the height of the lower compaction cylinder; the height of the lower ring reflecting material from the bottom end of the lower compaction cylinder is equal to the height of the cutting ring.
The two pieces of reflective materials correspond to the height of the soil sample after the twice compaction is completed, the height of the soil sample after the first compaction corresponds to the height of the upper circle reflective material, the first compaction is to ensure that the height of the soil sample is smaller than or equal to the height of the bottom compaction cylinder but is higher than the height of the ring cutter, so that the compaction cylinder is convenient to disassemble, the soil sample is ensured to be free from loss, and the required depth is reserved for inserting roots; the height of the soil sample after the second compaction corresponds to the height of the lower ring reflective material which is equal to the height of the ring cutter, so as to ensure that the soil sample is completely impacted into the ring cutter; no further cutting repair is performed.
Both the first and second compaction processes include a plurality of single compaction processes. And the compaction process is carried out until the photoelectric sensing switch receives the signal of the reflecting material, and the signal is transmitted to the driving device through the control device and then stopped.
Further preferably, the height of the upper ring of reflective material from the bottom end of the lower compaction cylinder is 25 mm-30 mm; the height of the lower ring reflecting material from the bottom end of the lower compaction cylinder is 20mm.
Preferably, the base is a disc-shaped base with the diameter equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the compaction cylinder, and comprises a common base, a special base with a jack with a needle and a base with a hole, so that the compaction and the perforation are convenient.
The common base is a disc-shaped solid base; the special base for the jack with the needle head is a disc-shaped base, and a plurality of needle-shaped cylinders for the jack are arranged on the bottom surface of the disc-shaped base; the base with the cavity is a disc-shaped base, and a plurality of round holes are formed in the disc-shaped base.
Preferably, the upper end of the compaction rod is integrally connected or bolted with a fixed bearing plate. The function is that the main motor is convenient to be placed; secondly, can guarantee to hit the solid pole and can not appear great rocking in real in-process.
Preferably, the compaction cylinder is a cylindrical cylinder with an open upper end.
Preferably, a chute is arranged on one side of the compaction rod.
The sliding expansion device moves up and down along the sliding groove, the direction of the groove is vertical to the axis of the compaction rod and outwards, the direction of the right connecting block is also vertical to the axis of the compaction rod and outwards, the shape of the right connecting block is the same as that of the groove, the right connecting block is matched with the groove and is arranged at a corresponding position, and the connecting block can extend into the groove. When the compaction hammer is positioned at the bottom of the compaction rod, the groove just corresponds to the right connecting block of the sliding telescopic device when the sliding telescopic device moves downwards to the groove position, the sliding telescopic device is in contact with the lower limit sensor, the lower limit sensor transmits signals to the second motor, the second motor starts to work, the threads are screwed out, and the left connecting block just can be clamped in the groove, so that the left connecting block and the compaction hammer can just be clamped; at this moment, the current changes direction, the main motor reverses to drive the rotating wheel to reverse, the sliding telescopic device moves upwards along with the crawler belt to drive the compaction hammer to move upwards, the sliding telescopic device can contact with the upper limit sensor when rising to the top, the upper limit sensor transmits signals to the second motor, the second motor starts to work, the threaded rod rotates to enter the right connecting block, the left connecting block is pulled out from the groove and is pressed into the hollow part of the compaction rod, and at this moment, the compaction hammer freely falls down to finish single compaction.
The width of the corresponding part of the upper end and the lower end of the chute and the groove is larger than that of the middle part, and the width of the corresponding part is larger than that of the left connecting block.
The main motor provides alternating current, and the control alternating current conversion time can control the crawler belt to do unilateral reciprocating motion.
The application method of the novel soil sample compaction device comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing a ring cutter at the bottom of the cylinder body, and placing a weighed soil sample into the cylinder body;
(2) The hammering device is placed in the compaction cylinder and starts to work under the driving action of the driving device, and after the photoelectric sensing switch receives signals reflected by the reflecting materials, the photoelectric sensing switch transmits the signals to the control device, and the control device controls the driving device to stop working;
(3) And taking out the ring cutter and the sample, and finishing the manufacture.
The method for preparing the root soil complex soil sample by the novel soil sample compaction device comprises the following steps:
(a) Firstly, selecting a common base, installing a compaction cylinder, placing a ring cutter at the bottom of a lower compaction cylinder, and placing a weighed soil sample into the compaction cylinder;
(b) Putting the compaction device into the compaction cylinder, starting the compaction device to work after the power supply is switched on, stopping the driving device from working after the photoelectric sensing switch receives the signal, and finishing the first compaction; then the bolts for fixing the compaction cylinders are detached, the filter screen is placed between the upper compaction cylinder and the lower compaction cylinder, and the filter screen is fixed by the bolts again;
(c) The base of the compaction rod is replaced by a base with a perforating device, namely a base with a needle head, a main motor is started, and the power supply is turned off after compaction is carried out for one to two times;
(d) Opening a bolt, taking down the filter screen, inserting the plant root system prepared in advance into the hole, and screwing up and fixing the upper and lower compaction cylinders again by the bolt;
(e) The compaction rod base is replaced by a base with holes, and then the main motor is started again until the photoelectric induction switch receives the second reflection signal, the driving device is automatically stopped, and at the moment, the second compaction is completed, and the soil sample is compacted and embedded into the ring cutter;
(f) And opening the bolts, taking off the upper compaction cylinder, taking off the circular hoop sleeved on the lower compaction cylinder, and then taking out the ring cutters from the two half compaction cylinders respectively, so that the sample preparation is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(a) The soil sample compaction device in the actual stage can only realize automatic compaction and can not meet the requirement of accurately controlling a certain compaction depth.
(b) The compaction cylinder is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the lower part compaction cylinder is divided into two half blocks and is fixed by a cylinder, and the cutting ring can be placed at the bottom of the lower part compaction cylinder;
(c) The compaction rod base is divided into a special base with a jack for a needle head and a base with a hole, so that punching and compaction are facilitated; by adopting the automatic jack, the automatic efficiency of the product is greatly improved, complicated operation steps are reduced, the research result of the shear strength of the root soil composite soil body is more accurate, and the error is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a novel soil sample compaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a compaction rod of the novel soil sample compaction device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the construction of the compaction hammer and the compaction rod of the novel soil sample compaction apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a compaction rod side chute of the novel soil sample compaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the compaction rod base of the novel soil sample compaction device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a detailed view of a portion of the photoelectric sensing switch of the novel soil sample compaction device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a reflective material setting position of a novel soil sample compaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a main motor; 2-fixing a bearing plate; 3-a compaction hammer; 4-compacting the rod; 5-compacting the cylinder; 6-a bolt; 7-hoops; 8-a power line; 9-a switch control line; 101-turning up a wheel; 11-caterpillar tracks; 121-an upper limit sensor; 122-a lower limit sensor; 131-left connecting block; 132-right connection block; 14-a second motor; 15-grooves; 16-a threaded rod; 17-a photoelectric induction switch; 18-a base; 19-sliding grooves; 20-holes; 21-reflective material.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in the following figures and examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the embodiment of the invention discloses a novel automatic soil sample compaction device for a root soil complex. It comprises the following steps:
the compaction cylinder 5, the inner wall of the compaction cylinder 5 is provided with a reflective material 21;
the hammering device is arranged in the compaction cylinder 5 and comprises a compaction rod 4 and a compaction hammer 3 sleeved outside the compaction rod 4;
the driving device is connected with the hammering device and is used for driving the hammering device to conduct hammering movement;
the photoelectric sensing switch 17 is arranged on the side wall of the compaction rod 4 and corresponds to the reflecting material 21;
and the control device is connected with the driving device and the photoelectric sensing switch 17, and when the photoelectric sensing switch 17 senses a signal, the control device sends a signal to the control device, and the control device sends a command to the driving device to perform corresponding execution action. The control device in this embodiment is a controller.
When the soil sample is filled in the compaction cylinder 5, the height of the reflective material 21 from the bottom of the compaction cylinder 5 is lower than the height of the soil sample, and when the soil sample is compacted to the height of the reflective material 21, the photoelectric sensing switch 17 senses a signal sent by the reflective material 21.
The driving device comprises a main motor 1 and a transmission part, wherein the transmission part is arranged in the hollow structure of the compaction rod 4 and is connected with the main motor 1.
Specifically, the compaction cylinder 5 is a cylindrical cylinder with an open upper end, and is made of steel, and comprises an upper compaction cylinder and a lower compaction cylinder. The lower compaction cylinder consists of two half cylinders, the inner diameter of the bottom edge of the lower compaction cylinder is smaller than that of the ring cutter, and the inner diameter of the other parts is the same as that of the upper compaction cylinder, so that the ring cutter can be just clamped at the bottom when the ring cutter is put into the compaction cylinder, in addition, the diameter of the circular hoop 7 is larger than that of the bottom of the lower compaction cylinder, so that the circular hoop 7 can be taken down, and the lower compaction cylinder can be conveniently detached to take out a complete soil sample; two circles of reflective materials 21 are arranged on the inner wall of the lower compaction cylinder.
Specifically, the hammering device comprises a compaction rod 4, a compaction hammer 3 and a base 18, wherein the compaction hammer 3 is sleeved outside the compaction rod 4, and the base 18 is connected with the bottom end of the compaction rod 4; the compaction rod 4 is of a hollow structure. The transmission part is arranged in the hollow part, one side of the compaction rod is provided with a chute 19, and the inner wall of the upper part of the compaction rod 4 is provided with a limit sensor. The side wall of the other side of the compaction rod 4 is vertically provided with an elongated cavity, a photoelectric sensing switch 17 is arranged in the cavity, one end of the photoelectric sensing switch 17 is connected with a controller through a switch control wire 9, and the other end of the photoelectric sensing switch is connected with a power wire 8.
The photo-inductive switch 17 is composed of a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the transmitter emits a light beam when the power is turned on, and when the light beam emitted from the transmitter is reflected on the opposite reflective material 21, i.e. the signal returns to the receiver, a change of the switching signal is generated to control the operation of the main motor 1. The photo-inductive switch 17 receives only the signal emitted by the reflective material.
Specifically, the transmission component comprises an upper rotating wheel 101, a lower rotating wheel, a crawler belt 11 covered on the rotating wheel and a sliding telescopic device arranged on the crawler belt 11, the sliding telescopic device comprises a threaded rod 16, a connecting block and a second motor 14, the connecting block comprises a left connecting block 131 and a right connecting block 132, the second motor 14 is positioned in the left connecting block 131, two ends of the threaded rod 16 are respectively connected with the second motor 14 and the right connecting block 132, threads are arranged on the surface of the threaded rod 16, and the material is rigid; the right connecting block 132 is fixed on the crawler belt 11, a round hole with threads is formed on the right connecting block 132, and the round hole is matched with the threaded rod 16, and the threaded rod 16 can rotate under the action of the second motor 14 on the left side so as to rotate into the right connecting block 132.
The runner 10 is connected with the side wall of the compaction rod through a rotating shaft, and the runner 10 and the caterpillar 11 thereon can rotate.
Specifically, the limit sensor includes an upper limit sensor 121 and a lower limit sensor 122, the upper limit sensor 121 is used for controlling the upward movement height of the compaction hammer 3, and transmitting a signal to the sliding telescopic device, so that the compaction hammer 3 falls down, and the lower limit sensor 122 is used for controlling the downward movement position of the sliding telescopic device, so that the left connecting block 131 of the sliding telescopic device accurately bounces into the groove 15, and further drives the compaction hammer 3 to move upward.
The limit sensor is connected with the second motor 14 through the controller, when the sliding telescopic device is contacted with the upper limit sensor 121, namely, when the right connecting block 132 fixed on the crawler 11 is contacted with the upper limit sensor 121, the upper limit sensor 121 transmits signals to the second motor 14 through the controller, the second motor 14 starts to work to rotate the threaded rod 16 into the right connecting block 132, the left connecting block 131 is pressed into the hollow part of the compaction rod 4, and the compaction hammer 3 falls down to finish compaction once. When the sliding telescopic device moves downwards along with the track 11 (at this time, the threaded rod 16 is rotated into the right connecting block 132), the right connecting block 132 is contacted with the lower limit sensor 122, the lower limit sensor 122 transmits a signal to the controller, and the controller controls the second motor 14 to work to rotate the threaded rod 16 out in the opposite direction, so that the left connecting block 131 rotates into the groove 15, at this time, the main motor 1 rotates reversely, the track 11 moves upwards, the compaction hammer 3 is brought to the upper end, and the second compaction is started.
The sliding telescopic device moves up and down along the chute 19, a groove 15 is arranged on the inner side of the compaction hammer 3, and the groove 15 is matched with the connecting block.
Specifically, the upper compaction cylinder and the lower compaction cylinder are fixed by two bolts 6, so that the upper compaction cylinder and the lower compaction cylinder can be conveniently fixed and detached.
In particular, the two half-cylinders are fixed by a circular collar 7. The circular hoop 7 has the advantages of convenient fixing and dismounting, and enables the stress of the soil sample to be more uniform.
The compaction cylinder is divided into an upper compaction cylinder and a lower compaction cylinder, and the lower compaction cylinder consists of two half cylinders and has the functions that: the jack for soil is convenient, and the upper compaction cylinder can be directly taken down for operation; a filter screen is needed to be placed in the middle of the two compaction processes and is divided into two parts for convenient placement; the compaction soil sample can be completely taken out, and the loss caused by cutting soil is reduced.
Specifically, the height of the upper ring of the reflective material 21 from the bottom end of the lower compaction cylinder is higher than the ring cutter, smaller than the initial soil sample height, and smaller than or equal to the height of the lower compaction cylinder; the height of the lower ring reflecting material from the bottom end of the lower compaction cylinder is equal to the height of the cutting ring.
The two pieces of reflective materials correspond to the height of the soil sample after the twice compaction is completed, the height of the soil sample after the first compaction corresponds to the height of the upper circle reflective material, the first compaction is to ensure that the height of the soil sample is smaller than or equal to the height of the bottom compaction cylinder but is higher than the height of the ring cutter, so that the compaction cylinder is convenient to disassemble, the soil sample is ensured to have no loss, and the required depth is reserved for inserting roots; the height of the soil sample after the second compaction corresponds to the height of the lower ring reflective material which is equal to the height of the ring cutter, so as to ensure that the soil sample is completely impacted into the ring cutter; no further cutting repair is performed.
Specifically, the height of the upper ring of reflective material from the bottom end of the lower compaction cylinder is 25 mm-30 mm; the height of the lower ring reflecting material from the bottom end of the lower compaction cylinder is 20mm.
Specifically, the upper end of the compaction rod 4 is integrally connected or bolted with the fixed bearing plate 2. The function is that the main motor 1 is convenient to be placed; secondly, the compaction rod 4 can be ensured not to shake greatly in the compaction process.
Specifically, the base 18 is disc-shaped, the base 18 is integrally connected with a connecting rod, the diameter of the base 18 is equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the compaction cylinder 5, and the base 18 comprises a common base, a special base with a needle jack and a base with a hole 20, so that punching and compaction are facilitated.
The outer surface of the bottom of the compaction rod 4 is provided with threads, the inner surface of the connecting rod of the base 18 is provided with corresponding threads, the base 18 can be screwed down through screw rotation, and the base 18 can be directly unscrewed along the reverse direction of the threads during replacement. The base 18 transmits the downward gravity of the compaction hammer 3 to the soil sample.
The common base is a disc-shaped solid base; the special base for the jack with the needle head is a disc-shaped base, and a plurality of needle-shaped cylinders for the jack are arranged on the bottom surface of the disc-shaped base; the base with the cavity is a disc-shaped base, and a plurality of round holes are formed in the disc-shaped base.
The size and the position of the holes 20 are in one-to-one correspondence with the needle heads.
The sliding chute 19 provides space for the sliding telescopic device to move up and down; the direction of the groove 15 is that the axis of the vertical compaction rod 4 is outwards, the direction of the left connecting block 131 is that the axis of the vertical compaction rod 4 is outwards, the shape of the left connecting block 131 is the same as that of the groove 15, the left connecting block 131 is matched with the groove 15 and is arranged at a corresponding position, and the left connecting block 131 can extend into the groove 15. When the compaction hammer 3 is positioned at the bottom of the compaction rod 4, and the sliding telescopic device moves downwards to the position of the groove 15, the groove 15 just corresponds to the left connecting block 131 of the sliding telescopic device, and the left connecting block 131 just can be clamped into the groove 15, so that the left connecting block 13 and the compaction hammer 3 can be just clamped. The sliding telescopic device moves upwards along with the crawler belt 11 to drive the compaction hammer 3 to move upwards, the sliding telescopic device contacts with the upper limit sensor 121 when rising to the top, specifically, the right connecting block 132 contacts with the upper limit sensor 121, the upper limit sensor 121 transmits signals to the second motor 14 through the controller, the second motor 14 starts to work to rotate the threaded rod 16 into the right connecting block 132, the left connecting block 131 is pressed into the hollow part of the compaction rod 4, and the compaction hammer 3 falls down to finish compaction once. When the sliding telescopic device moves downwards along with the crawler (at this time, the threaded rod 16 is rotated into the right connecting block 132), the right connecting block 132 is contacted with the lower limit sensor 122, the lower limit sensor 122 transmits a signal to the controller, the controller controls the second motor 14 to work to rotate the threaded rod 16 out in the opposite direction, so that the left connecting block 131 rotates into the groove 15, at this time, the rotating wheel rotates reversely, and the sliding telescopic device drives the compaction hammer 3 to move upwards.
Specifically, the upper and lower ends of the chute 19 have holes corresponding to the left connecting block 131 in size, the size is greater than or equal to the size of the left connecting block 131, and the holes are communicated with the chute 19. Thus, when the sliding telescopic device is arranged at the top end, the left connecting block 131 is pressed into the hollow structure of the compaction rod 4; when the sliding telescopic device reaches the position of the lower end corresponding to the groove 15, the left connecting block 131 is clamped into the groove 15 under the action of the second motor 14, and the sliding telescopic device can move up and down along the chute 19.
The crawler belt 11 drives the sliding telescopic device to do single-side up-down reciprocating motion along the chute 19, and one reciprocating motion corresponds to a single compaction process. The main motor 1 is an alternating current servo motor, and when the main motor 1 contacts a limit sensor, the current direction is automatically changed, or the change time of the current direction can be set, and the main motor 1 can control the caterpillar 11 to do unilateral reciprocating motion by changing the rotation direction.
The novel soil sample compaction device is a special experimental device for researching the shear strength of the root soil complex. The working principle is as follows: firstly, the compaction cylinder 5 is installed, and a common base 18 is installed; placing a ring cutter at the bottom of the compaction cylinder 5, and placing a proper amount of soil sample, wherein the compaction device is placed in the compaction cylinder at the moment; when the main motor 1 is powered on and the compaction hammer 3 is positioned on the base 18, the caterpillar band 11 rotates downwards, and when the sliding telescopic device on the caterpillar band 11 moves to the lower limit sensor 122, the left connecting block 131 corresponds to the position of the hole at the bottom of the chute 19, the lower limit sensor 132 transmits a signal to the second motor 14, the second motor 14 rotates the threaded rod 16 out, the left connecting block 131 enters the groove 15 of the compaction hammer 3, at the moment, the current direction is changed, the main motor 1 rotates reversely, and the caterpillar band 11 moves upwards to bring the compaction hammer 3 to the top of the rod; when the sliding telescopic device is contacted with the upper limit sensor 121, the upper limit sensor 121 transmits a signal to the second motor 14, the second motor 14 in the sliding telescopic device starts to work, the threaded rod 16 is screwed into the right connecting block 132, the left connecting block 131 enters the hollow part of the compaction rod 4, and at the moment, the compaction hammer 3 falls down to complete the single compaction process. Repeatedly compacting the soil sample until the signal sent by the transmitter of the photoelectric induction switch 17 in the compacting rod 4 is reflected by the reflective paint 21, and when the signal is transmitted to the controller after being received by the receiver, the controller controls the main motor 1 to be turned off, so that the first soil sample compaction is completed; after the soil sample jack is finished, the hammering device is started again until the photoelectric sensing switch 17 receives the second reflection signal, the main motor 1 stops working, and the second soil sample compaction is finished.
The two reflected signals are respectively from the two circles of reflecting materials, and correspond to the two soil sample compaction processes. When the soil sample is put into the compaction cylinder, the soil can completely cover the reflective material, when the compaction device is used for compacting the soil sample, the height of the soil sample can be reduced, and when the reflective material is exposed, a signal can be transmitted to the photoelectric induction switch 17, so that the work of the main motor 1 is controlled. When the soil sample is hit into the cutting ring in the second soil sample compaction process, the reflective material positioned below can be exposed because the soil which is used for shielding the reflective material is hit into the cutting ring, so that the reflective signal is transmitted to the photoelectric induction switch 17, the main motor 1 is turned off at the moment, the second soil sample compaction is completed, and the reflective material positioned below is the same as the cutting ring in height, so that roots and soil are completely hit into the cutting ring at the moment, and the cutting is not needed again.
The operation of the main motor 1 and thus the degree of compaction of the earth can be controlled according to the height of the reflective material 21.
The novel soil sample compaction device testing method comprises the following steps:
(a) Firstly, selecting a common base 18, installing a compaction cylinder 5, placing a ring cutter at the bottom of a lower compaction cylinder, and placing a weighed soil sample into the compaction cylinder 5;
(b) Putting the compaction device into the compaction cylinder, starting the compaction device to work after the power is turned on, stopping the compaction device from working after the photoelectric sensing switch 17 receives the signal, then dismantling the bolt 6 for fixing the compaction cylinder 5, putting the filter screen between the upper compaction cylinder and the lower compaction cylinder, and fixing the filter screen by the bolt 6 again;
(c) The base 18 is replaced by a base with a perforating device, namely a base with a needle, the main motor 1 is started, and the power supply is turned off after compaction is carried out for one to two times;
(d) Opening the bolts 6, taking down the filter screen, inserting the plant root system prepared in advance into the holes, and screwing the upper and lower compaction cylinders again by the bolts 6 for fixation;
(e) After the base of the compaction rod is replaced by the base with the hole 20, the main motor 1 is started again until the photoelectric induction switch 17 receives the second reflected signal, the main motor 1 is automatically closed, and at the moment, the second compaction is completed, and the soil sample is compacted and embedded into the cutting ring;
(f) And opening the bolts 6, taking off the upper compaction cylinder 5, taking off the circular hoop 7 sleeved on the lower compaction cylinder, and then taking out the annular cutters from the two half compaction cylinders respectively, so as to finish the sample preparation.
In the method, the filter screen sheet has the function that a part of soil can be carried out in the process of inserting holes, and the loss of the soil can be reduced by the filter screen; the base with the holes 20 can ensure that the holes are not damaged and compact the soil sample with the roots better when soil is compacted.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented with reference to the drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, various modifications or variations can be made by those skilled in the art without the need of inventive effort on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for preparing the root soil complex soil sample by adopting the novel automatic soil sample compaction device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the compaction cylinder is provided with a reflective material on the inner wall; the compaction cylinder comprises an upper compaction cylinder and a lower compaction cylinder, and the lower compaction cylinder consists of two half cylinders;
the hammering device is arranged in the compaction cylinder and comprises a compaction rod and a compaction hammer sleeved outside the compaction rod;
the driving device is connected with the hammering device and is used for driving the hammering device to conduct hammering movement;
the photoelectric induction switch is arranged on the side wall of the compaction rod and corresponds to the reflective material;
the control device is connected with the driving device and the photoelectric sensing switch, and after the photoelectric sensing switch senses a signal, the control device sends a signal to the control device, and the control device sends a command to the driving device to perform corresponding execution action;
the driving device comprises a main motor and a transmission part, and the transmission part is connected with the main motor; the transmission part comprises an upper rotating wheel, a lower rotating wheel, a crawler covered on the rotating wheels and a sliding telescopic device arranged on the crawler; the sliding telescopic device comprises a connecting block, a threaded rod and a second motor, wherein the connecting block comprises a left connecting block and a right connecting block, a groove is formed in the inner side of the compaction hammer, the left connecting block is matched with the groove, the right connecting block is fixed on a track, the second motor is arranged in the left connecting block, the left side of the threaded rod is connected with the second motor, the right side of the threaded rod is connected with the right connecting block, and a round hole matched with the threaded rod is formed in the right connecting block;
the lower end of the compaction rod is connected with a base, and the base comprises a common base, a special base with a jack for a needle head and a base with a hole;
the method comprises the following steps:
(a) Firstly, selecting a common base, installing a compaction cylinder, placing a ring cutter at the bottom of a lower compaction cylinder, and placing a weighed soil sample into the compaction cylinder;
(b) Putting the compaction device into the compaction cylinder, starting the compaction device to work after the power supply is switched on, and stopping the driving device to work after the photoelectric sensing switch receives a signal to finish the first compaction; then the bolts for fixing the compaction cylinders are detached, the filter screen is placed between the upper compaction cylinder and the lower compaction cylinder, and the filter screen is fixed by the bolts again;
(c) The base of the compaction rod is replaced by a base with a perforating device, namely a base with a needle head, a main motor is started, and the power supply is turned off after compaction is carried out for one to two times;
(d) Opening a bolt, taking down the filter screen, inserting the plant root system prepared in advance into the hole, and screwing up and fixing the upper and lower compaction cylinders again by the bolt;
(e) The compaction rod base is replaced by a base with holes, and then the main motor is started again until the photoelectric induction switch receives the second reflection signal, the driving device is automatically closed, and at the moment, the second compaction is completed, and the soil sample is compacted and embedded into the ring cutter;
(f) And opening the bolts, taking off the upper compaction cylinder, taking off the circular hoop sleeved on the lower compaction cylinder, and then taking out the ring cutters from the two half compaction cylinders respectively, so that the sample preparation is completed.
2. The method for preparing a root soil complex soil sample by adopting a novel automatic soil sample compaction device according to claim 1, wherein a limit sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the compaction rod; the limit sensor comprises an upper limit sensor positioned on the inner side of the upper part of the compaction rod and a lower limit sensor positioned on the inner side of the lower part of the compaction rod.
3. The method for preparing a root soil complex soil sample by adopting a novel automatic soil sample compaction device according to claim 1, wherein the number of the reflective materials is two, and the height of the reflective materials on the upper ring from the bottom end of the compaction cylinder is higher than the ring cutter and lower than the initial soil sample height; the height of the lower ring of reflective material from the bottom end of the compaction cylinder is equal to the height of the cutting ring.
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| CN109612797B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2021-03-19 | 长沙理工大学 | Device and method for preparing composite sample |
| CN109932232A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-06-25 | 四川大学 | A kind of spiral soil sample density control device of quasi- static(al) |
| CN111562152B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2023-05-16 | 河北建筑工程学院 | Integrated soil body module manufacturing device |
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