CN105181498A - Simple instrument method for test of internal stress of soil mass under cyclic loading - Google Patents
Simple instrument method for test of internal stress of soil mass under cyclic loading Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003938 response to stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil dynamic characteristic test technique for geotechnical engineering and especially relates to a simple instrument and a method for test of an internal stress of a soil mass under cyclic loading. A large quantity of researches and reports record that the roadbed soil under the cyclic loading is suffered from dynamic stress accumulation, but the academics does not pay attention to the phenomenon. The simple instrument can be mainly used for measuring the response conditions of the internal stress in the soil on factors such as different cyclic loading magnitudes, loading waveforms, loading frequencies and soil compaction rate, and acquiring the parameters, such as settlement curve, dynamic elastic modulus, total deformation modulus, static elastic modulus, of the soil mass under the cyclic loading effect. The method provided by the invention belongs to an innovative technology which is simple in laboratory test and convenient in soil dynamic characteristic acquisition; with the help of a lever pressure meter, the instrument can realize 10-times load output and can save instrument consumable materials and power sources; a computer system can be utilized to realize the automatic control on the instrument control and the data collection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil body dynamic characterization measurement technology of Geotechnical Engineering aspect, particularly soil body internal stress test simple instrument and method under a kind of cyclic load.The present invention can also be used for sedimentation and deformation test, deformation modulus test.The invention belongs to simple, the convenient innovative technology obtaining soil body dynamics of a kind of shop experiment.
Background technology
The load that the grounds such as highway, railway, runway bear is prolonged and repeated dynamic load, and the soil body mechanical behavior under dynamic load and the soil body mechanical behavior under dead load also exist the difference of essence.Many subgrade soils can destroyed under the cyclic load of static strength.Under course under cyclic loading, the permanent strain of basic unit and ground will accelerate the distortion of upper strata pavement structure, and this will cause road surface disaster and traffic safety problem.
In road engineering and foundation works, in soil, dynamic stress refers to the dynamic extra-stress in soil, is called for short dynamic stress.It should be noted that, be different from the external load of cell cube test (as triaxial test), in soil, dynamic stress refers to a kind of structurally internal stress.
The road basis in-situ test of engineering field and model test, all have record in subgrade soils dynamic extra-stress response increase and the phenomenon of accumulation with vehicular load number of times.On the other hand, during dynamic stress method reinforcing soft ground, also have monitor in ground the response of total stress and hole pressure all lag behind the compression and decompression rammed; In soil, remaining effective stress increases with the increase of ramming times.
Although research and engineering report all record under cyclic load subgrade soils, subsoil soil can there is dynamic stress accumulation.But dynamic stress Accumulation Phenomenon does not cause the attention of scholars in soil.We should be realized that, subgrade soils and the cumulative stress phenomenon of subsoil soil under traffic loading are a kind of objective, long-term phenomenons.Cumulative stress phenomenon should cause the attention of scholar and engineers and be studied.
Major function of the present invention can to measure in soil internal stress to the response of the factors such as different cyclic load amount size, Loaded contact analysis, loading frequency, the initial compaction rate of the soil body.This instrument also can obtain the parameters such as the subsidence curve of the soil body under cyclic load, the dynamic modulus of elasticity, total deformation modulus, static modulus of elasticity.
Summary of the invention
In order to the dynamic stress response in subgrade soils in simulated driving process or in dynamic method consolidated subsoil process and subsoil soil, the present invention has used for reference the advantage measuring the leveraged pressure instrument of elastic modulus of soil body, improve through processing, devise soil body internal stress tester under special cyclic load.By leveraged pressure instrument, this instrument can realize 10 times and export cyclic load, has saved instrument consumptive material and power source.By computer control system, the present invention can control the Loaded contact analysis of cyclic load, amplitude, cycle, quiescent interval, flexible and convenient to use.Major function of the present invention can to measure in soil internal stress to the response of the factors such as different cyclic load amount size, Loaded contact analysis, loading frequency, the initial compaction rate of the soil body.This instrument also can obtain the parameters such as the subsidence curve of the soil body under cyclic load, the dynamic modulus of elasticity, total deformation modulus, static modulus of elasticity.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: soil body internal stress tester under cyclic load, comprise: (1) soil sample peripheral location dead load application system, (2) soil sample center cyclic load application system, (3) stress, displacement measurement system, and (4) computer control system.
Peripheral location dead load application system and center cyclic load application system need to use leveraged pressure instrument.The size of leveraged pressure instrument and structure composition are shown in " Standard for test methods of earthworks GB/T50123-1999 " and " leveraged pressure instrument JJG107-2012 ".
Being described in detail as follows of each portions of the present invention:
(1) described soil sample peripheral location dead load application system comprises: rigid stress frame, proving ring, lifting jack, the heavy compaction cylinder in leveraged pressure instrument and pressure transmission rod.Heavy compaction cylinder (soil sample tube) is of a size of: the high 166mm of internal diameter 152mm, cylinder; Cushion block diameter 151mm in cylinder; Casing height 50mm.The position that pressure transmission rod contacts with soil sample is an annular: external diameter 151mm, internal diameter 51mm (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).
(2) described soil sample center cyclic load application system comprises: signal generator, power amplifier, Electrodynamic Vibrators, vibrator fixed mount, leveraged pressure instrument, loading plate.Loading plate surface of contact is of a size of: diameter 5mm.Soil sample center adds the effect (see Fig. 2) of cyclic load by dead load.The present invention can control the Loaded contact analysis of cyclic load, amplitude, cycle, quiescent interval, flexible and convenient to use.Vibrator is fixed on vibrator fixed mount, exports exciting force downwards, and vibrator push rod contacts with 10 times of leveraged pressure positions of leveraged pressure instrument.
(3) described stress, displacement measurement system comprise: wire guide channels, miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure sensor, displacement transducer, A D converter, data acquisition recorder in cylinder.In cylinder, wire guide channels (Fig. 4) is a square hollow, length 15cm, the outer length of side 15mm of square cross: wire guide channels the first half is wall hollow tubular, and the latter half is three wall hollow tubulars.The wire of miniature pore water pressure sensor and the wire of miniature soil pressure sensor pass from wire guide channels.
(4) described computer control system comprises: the control software design of microcomputer, vibrator signal generator, data collection and analysis software.
Soil pressure force value under record cyclic load in soil and the measured value of pore water pressure force value.The difference of pressure measured value and initial value is that in soil, extra-stress responds.Utilize data collecting instrument and computer system record and analyze data, time course discharge curve or the period process variable curve of soil body internal stress and sedimentation deformation can be drawn out.According to external load and deflection, the elastic modulus in sedimentation and deformation curve, total deformation modulus, the circulation of each ess-strain can be obtained further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Soil body internal stress tester structural representation under Fig. 1 cyclic load: 1-rigid stress frame, 2-proving ring, 3-lifting jack, 4-heavy compaction cylinder, 5-pressure transmission rod, 6-signal generator, 7-power amplifier, 8-Electrodynamic Vibrators, 9-vibrator fixed mount, 10-leveraged pressure instrument, 11-A D converter and data acquisition recorder, 12-microcomputer, 13-displacement transducer, 14-wire
The stressed schematic diagram of soil sample under Fig. 2 cyclic load: 15-dead load, 16-cyclic load
Fig. 3 pressure transmission rod structural representation
Fig. 4 test specimen tube wire guide channels structural representation
Fig. 5 test specimen tube soil sample, sensor scheme of installation: 14-wire, 17-test cylinder, 18-cushion block, 19-sleeve, 20-base plate, 21 pore water pressure sensors, 22-soil pressure sensor, 23-test specimen tube wire guide channels
Fig. 6 test specimen tube gross area pressing plate schematic diagram
Embodiment
1. experimentally needed for, prepare the remoulded sample of certain water percentage condition.The soil sample that often group test prepares should be greater than 8kg.
2. compaction cylinder and base are connected, steadily as in rigid foundation.Install casing, be evenly coated with one deck lubricating oil at compaction cylinder inwall, take a certain amount of sample, pour compaction cylinder into, placement in layers.First the soil sample of 40mm is filled, at center horizontal positioned pore water pressure sensor; Surround with saturated Artificial filtering material, to ensure the accuracy that pore water pressure is measured around pore water pressure sensor.Then the soil sample of 40mm is filled, at center horizontal positioned soil pressure sensor; At the fine sand that pressure cell upper and lower surface uniform spreading 1.5cm is thick, ensure soil pressure cell uniform force.The electric wire of pore water pressure sensor and soil pressure sensor through wire guide channels (Fig. 4), need hinder soil body densification and displacement to prevent sensor conductor.Continue upwards to fill soil sample, the final depth of fill higher than the 40mm of casing lowest surfaces, should clean drum outer wall.
3. compaction cylinder and soil sample are removed to peripheral location dead load application system.Compaction cylinder is placed in position, stressed steelframe axis, places gross area pressing plate (Fig. 6, the circular slab of diameter 151mm), pressure transmission rod (Fig. 3), lifting jack and proving ring above soil sample tube successively.By controlling the displacement of lifting jack, the soil sample in compaction cylinder is applied to the consolidation pressure drafted.When consolidation displacement is less than 0.1mm/h, can be considered that consolidation completes.Consolidation process divides consolidation of saturated soil and unsaturated soil consolidation two kinds of situations, and experimenter can the needs of experimentally situation, lay filter paper (drainage condition) or plastic sheeting (not row condition) in soil sample end.
4. after consolidation completes, unload casing, remove gross area pressing plate; Get the soil of casing part by " Standard for test methods of earthworks GB/T50123-1999 " with cutting ring, obtain wet density and the dry density of the front soil sample of experiment with core cutter method; With the sample at straight scraper equating soil sample tube top.
5., according to the drainage condition needs of cyclic load experiment, different drainage paths is set.During unidirectional upper drainage condition, lay filter paper on soil sample top, lay plastic foil in soil sample bottom; During double drainage condition, lay filter paper at soil sample two ends.
6. fill compaction cylinder soil sample and embedding survey sensor by Fig. 5 (test specimen tube soil sample, sensor scheme of installation), assemble instrument by Fig. 1 (under cyclic load soil body internal stress tester structural representation).Notice that vibrator push rod contacts just with leveraged pressure instrument push rod suspension ring position.Displacement transducer contact bearing plate.Pore water pressure sensor, soil pressure sensor and displacement transducer are all connected to data collecting instrument and computer system.
7. apply the ambient pressure equal with consolidation pressure by lifting jack to the peripheral location of soil sample.Counterweight placed by the lever of leveraged pressure instrument, and the static pressure that soil sample center is subject to equals consolidation pressure.Vibrator produce exciting force be in order to ground foundation simulation receive vehicular load and external impact etc. produce additional load.By computer control system, enabling signal generator, generating period waveform, transfers to vibrator and forms cyclic loading ripple, make soil sample centre except receiving static load pressure, be also subject to one-period cyclic load.
8. before applying cyclic load, the initial value of soil pressure and pore water pressure in record soil.Soil sample in cyclic load process, the soil pressure force value recorded and the measured value of pore water pressure force value.The difference of pressure measured value and initial value is that in soil, extra-stress responds.Utilize data collecting instrument and computer system, the process variable of record soil body internal stress and sedimentation deformation.
9., after test, the soil of materialsing in cylinder with cutting ring by " Standard for test methods of earthworks GB/T50123-1999 ", measures wet density, dry density and the water percentage of testing rear soil sample with core cutter method.
Claims (5)
1. soil body internal stress test simple instrument under cyclic load, is characterized in that, comprise soil sample peripheral location dead load application system, soil sample center cyclic load application system, Stress displacement measuring system and computer control system.
2. soil body internal stress test simple instrument under cyclic load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described soil sample peripheral location dead load application system comprises: rigid stress frame, lifting jack, proving ring, the heavy compaction cylinder in leveraged pressure instrument and pressure transmission rod; The position that pressure transmission rod contacts with soil sample is an annular.
3. soil body internal stress test simple instrument under cyclic load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described soil sample center cyclic load application system comprises: signal generator, power amplifier, Electrodynamic Vibrators, vibrator fixed mount, leveraged pressure instrument, loading plate, and vibrator is fixed on vibrator fixed mount, downward output exciting force, vibrator push rod contacts with 10 times of leveraged pressure positions of leveraged pressure instrument.
4. soil body internal stress test simple instrument under cyclic load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described stress, displacement measurement system comprise: wire guide channels, miniature pore water pressure sensor, miniature soil pressure sensor, displacement transducer, data acquisition recorder in compaction cylinder, in described cylinder, wire guide channels is a square hollow, wire guide channels the first half is wall hollow tubular, and the latter half is three wall hollow tubulars; The wire of miniature pore water pressure sensor and the wire of miniature soil pressure sensor pass from wire guide channels.
5. under according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, equipment realizes cyclic load, soil body internal stress tests simple and easy method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1), experimentally, the remoulded sample of certain water percentage condition is prepared; The soil sample that often group test prepares should be greater than 8kg;
(2) compaction cylinder and base are connected, steadily as in rigid foundation; Install casing, be evenly coated with one deck lubricating oil at compaction cylinder inwall, take a certain amount of sample, pour compaction cylinder into, placement in layers; First the soil sample of 40mm is filled, at center horizontal positioned pore water pressure sensor; Surround with saturated Artificial filtering material, to ensure the accuracy that pore water pressure is measured around pore water pressure sensor; Then the soil sample of 40mm is filled, at center horizontal positioned soil pressure sensor; At the fine sand that pressure cell upper and lower surface uniform spreading 1.5cm is thick, ensure soil pressure cell uniform force; The electric wire of pore water pressure sensor and soil pressure sensor through wire guide channels, need hinder soil body densification and displacement to prevent sensor conductor; Continue upwards to fill soil sample, the final depth of fill higher than the 25mm of casing lowest surfaces, should clean drum outer wall;
(3) compaction cylinder and soil sample are removed to peripheral location dead load application system; Compaction cylinder is placed in position, stressed steelframe axis, above soil sample tube, place gross area pressing plate, pressure transmission rod, lifting jack and proving ring successively; By controlling the displacement of lifting jack, the soil sample in compaction cylinder is applied to the consolidation pressure drafted; When consolidation displacement is less than 0.1mm/h, can be considered that consolidation completes; Consolidation divides consolidation of saturated soil and unsaturated soil consolidation two kinds of situations, and experimenter can the needs of experimentally situation, lay filter paper (drainage condition) or plastic sheeting (not row condition) in soil sample end;
(4) after consolidation completes, unload casing, remove gross area pressing plate; Get the soil of casing part by " Standard for test methods of earthworks 6B/T50123-1999 " with cutting ring, measure wet density and the dry density of soil sample with core cutter method; With the sample at straight scraper equating compaction cylinder top;
(5) according to the drainage condition needs of cyclic load experiment, different drainage paths is set; During unidirectional upper drainage condition, lay filter paper on soil sample top, lay plastic foil in soil sample bottom; During double drainage condition, lay filter paper at soil sample two ends;
(6) compaction cylinder soil sample and embedding survey sensor is filled; By method assembling instrument described in Claims 1 to 5; Notice that vibrator push rod contacts just with leveraged pressure instrument push rod suspension ring position; Displacement transducer contact bearing plate; Pore water pressure sensor, soil pressure sensor and displacement transducer are all connected to data collecting instrument and computer system;
(7) ambient pressure equal with consolidation pressure is applied by lifting jack to the peripheral location of soil sample; Counterweight placed by the lever of leveraged pressure instrument, and the static pressure that soil sample center is subject to equals consolidation pressure; Vibrator produce exciting force be in order to ground foundation simulation receive vehicular load and external impact etc. produce additional load; By computer control system, enabling signal generator, generating period waveform, transfers to vibrator and forms cyclic loading ripple, make soil sample centre except receiving static load pressure, be also subject to one-period cyclic load;
(8) before applying cyclic load, the initial value of soil pressure and pore water pressure in record soil; Soil sample in cyclic load process, the soil pressure force value recorded and the measured value of pore water pressure force value; The difference of pressure measured value and initial value is that in soil, extra-stress responds; Utilize data collecting instrument and computer system, the process variable of record soil body internal stress and sedimentation deformation;
(9), after test, the soil of materialsing with cutting ring in cylinder, measures wet density, dry density and the water percentage of testing rear soil sample with core cutter method.
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