CN110726822B - Method for testing expansibility and shear strength of carbonized soil in carbonization process of magnesium oxide solidified soil - Google Patents
Method for testing expansibility and shear strength of carbonized soil in carbonization process of magnesium oxide solidified soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the expansibility of magnesium oxide solidified soil in the carbonization process and the shear strength of carbonized soil, belonging to the parameter test of civil engineering solidified materials. The method comprises the steps of testing the temperature, the resistivity and the volume expansion of a magnesium oxide mixed soil sample in the carbonization and solidification process and testing the shear strength of a carbonized sample, and specifically comprises the steps of assembling and connecting devices, preparing the sample, debugging a sensor, carbonizing and curing, testing physical parameters, preparing a direct shear test, performing the direct shear test and the like. The method monitors the temperature and resistivity change and the volume expansion of different positions of the magnesia solidified soil sample in real time in the carbonization process so as to evaluate the carbonization process and the expansion characteristic of the material under different conditions; and after carbonization and maintenance, loading the carbonized sample to realize a full-automatic direct shear test and a resistivity test of the sample. The method avoids disturbance of the sample in the sample loading process, has simple operation steps and accurate parameter test, and has important significance for engineering application and evaluation of the carbonized solidified soil material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a test method of civil engineering materials, and particularly relates to a test method of expansibility and shear strength of carbonized soil in a carbonization process of magnesium oxide solidified soil.
Background
With the development of economy and urbanization in China, the foundation construction of urban construction, traffic and water conservancy and the like often meets soft soil layers with different thicknesses, and the soft soil has the characteristics of high water content, large porosity, low strength, high compressibility and the like, so that great challenges are brought to engineering construction and foundation treatment. In the common foundation treatment methods, the construction of a dynamic compaction method and a vibroflotation method is difficult to implement due to large noise, and the traditional replacement and filling method is rarely recommended due to large engineering quantity, high cost and uneven distribution of bearing capacity. The pile foundation reinforcing method of cement/lime soil pile, grouting method, high pressure jet grouting pile and the like is the most used technology at present, the method has long treatment and maintenance period, the used curing materials mainly comprise cement and lime, the energy resource consumption in the cement production process is large, the environmental pollution is serious, and a plurality of negative effects are brought to the sustainable development of economy and environment, so that geotechnical engineering researchers begin to seek new alternative materials and methods. In recent years, the subject group adopts active magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide as curing agents to replace the traditional cement to carry out the curing treatment of weak soil, and discloses a series of invention patents: such as "a method for carbonizing and solidifying soil (201210097042.2)", "a method for carbonizing and solidifying soil and a device thereof (201010604013.1)", "a treatment system and a method for thermally consolidating soft soil foundation using industrial waste gas (201310122135.0)", "a treatment system and a method for forming carbonized pile (2014102039788)" for consolidating foundation "," a method for carbonizing and consolidating replacement mat layer of soft soil foundation (2014102729571) "," a treatment method for in situ carbonizing and solidifying shallow soft foundation (201510348797.9) ", and" a carbonized-stirred pile-air-permeable pile composite foundation and a construction method thereof (201710225231.6) ", etc. The invention patents are soft soil treatment construction technologies disclosed based on a magnesium oxide-carbon dioxide solidification mechanism. However, after the soft soil is carbonized, the physical characteristics and the mechanical characteristics of the soil body are changed greatly, which has important influence on geotechnical engineering construction. Aiming at the particularity of soft soil carbonization and solidification treatment, in the engineering design process of the carbonization treatment foundation, the method tests the expansibility and the shearing resistance of the carbonization and solidification soil and is particularly important for reasonably determining the physical characteristics, the bearing capacity of the foundation soil and the strength parameters (cohesive force and internal friction angle).
As is known, the carbonization reaction of the magnesium oxide mixed soil is a chemical strengthening process with heat release and expansion, the strength is increased quickly, the temperature is increased, and the sample expansion is obvious, because the existing indoor direct shear test is carried out based on a cutting ring sample, the carbonized soil sample is difficult to carry out cutting ring sampling; if the magnesium oxide mixed soil sample is pressed in a cutting ring and then carbonized, the real carbonization process of the sample is difficult to reflect. The expansibility evaluation of the magnesium oxide cured sample mainly comprises the steps of testing the sizes of an indoor cylindrical sample before and after carbonization and averaging, and no accurate testing method is available for evaluating the expansibility of the sample in the carbonization and curing process. The existing expansibility testing device and method mostly concentrate on the geotechnical engineering field, mostly adopt the equilibrium pressurization method, the counter-pressure method and the decompression method to carry out, easily cause the sample to destroy; and the expansibility testing device is few and the cost is high. Although the document discloses a device and a method (201710399344.8) for testing the expansibility of an expansive grouting material in a curing process, the device and the method disclose the expansibility of the grouting material by adopting an elastic constraint part to control the curing expansion deformation of the material and measuring the corresponding expansion force and the change characteristics of the expansion force along with time under different constraint conditions.
At present, the soil layer is subjected to direct shear test by adopting traditional direct shear apparatus mostly at home and abroad, and the shear apparatus mainly comprises a shear box, a vertical loading device, a horizontal loading device and the like. In the traditional direct shear test, a cutting ring is often used for cutting a soil sample to be tested into a specific shape and moving the soil sample into a shear box, and the soil sample is easily disturbed and damaged in the moving and cutting processes, so that the experimental data is inaccurate. The existing direct shear apparatus is mainly reconstructed based on special environment, for example, a chemical corrosion apparatus is added to simulate the field soil pollutant corrosion by a file 'determination method of chemical polluted soil shear strength and a special full-automatic direct shear apparatus (2016100447885)', so as to solve the problem that the conventional direct shear tester can not test the shear strength parameters of the chemical polluted soil; the temperature control type direct shear apparatus (201110079021.3) is characterized in that a sample is placed in a constant temperature water tank, the temperature is controlled by a water temperature detection unit and a measurement mechanism, and the shear strength test of the sample at constant temperature is completed; the large multifunctional frozen soil-structure contact surface circulating direct shear apparatus and the test operation method (201210265653.3) cool a soil sample through refrigerating fluid of a refrigerating device, simultaneously record the temperature of the soil sample in real time through a high-precision temperature sensor, and can replace steel plates with different roughness to simulate contact surfaces with different roughness, thereby completing the shear strength test of frozen soil; the frozen soil-structure direct shear apparatus and the using method (201110186321.1) thereof are characterized in that a semiconductor refrigerating block is arranged at the bottom of a shearing box, a cooling liquid conveying pipe in a low-temperature constant-temperature groove is connected with the semiconductor refrigerating block, different freezing conditions are simulated, and a relation curve of shear stress and shear displacement of a frozen soil-structure contact surface is measured; an unsaturated soil-structure material contact surface shear apparatus (2019100476218) for controlling relative humidity is provided with a closed pressure chamber and a humidity environment control module to simulate different humidity and pressure environments so as to reproduce the humidity state of an actual engineering site and obtain controllable unsaturated soil-structure material contact surface mechanical characteristics which have wide suction range and are suitable for different soil types and different structure materials; the combined indoor consolidation shearing instrument (2018115645426) is provided with a vertical loading device and a horizontal loading device, and directly carries out a shearing test on a sample after consolidation is completed, so that the consolidation coefficients and the shear strengths of different types of soil bodies are continuously determined. Although the direct shear apparatus is greatly improved compared with the traditional direct shear apparatus, soil body direct shear tests under different environments are simulated, but the expansibility of a soil body in the carbonization process and the shear strength test of the carbonized soil body cannot be met, and the detection of the temperature and the resistivity of a soil sample in the carbonization process cannot be completed.
Based on the current situation of rapid development of engineering construction and the advantages of a novel carbonization strengthening method in China, and combining the current situations of difficult parameter test, inaccurate mechanical parameter test of the carbonized soil and the like in the current carbonization strengthening process, the method for testing the expansibility and the shear strength of the carbonized soil in the carbonization process of the magnesia curing soil needs to be researched and developed urgently, and has important significance in the aspects of effectively utilizing carbon dioxide, reasonably designing engineering, applying and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for testing the expansibility and the shear strength of the carbonized soil in the carbonization process of the magnesia curing soil, which comprises the steps of testing the temperature, the resistivity and the volume expansion of a magnesia mixed soil sample in the carbonization and curing process and testing the shear strength of a carbonized sample, and specifically comprises the steps of device assembly and connection, sample preparation, sensor debugging, carbonization maintenance and physical parameter testing, direct shear test preparation, direct shear test and the like. The method monitors the temperature and resistivity change and the volume expansion of different positions of the magnesia solidified soil sample in real time in the carbonization process so as to evaluate the carbonization process and the expansion characteristic of the material under different conditions; and after carbonization and maintenance, loading the carbonized sample to realize a full-automatic direct shear test and a resistivity test of the sample. The method avoids disturbance of the sample in the sample loading process, has simple operation steps and accurate parameter test, and has important significance for engineering application and evaluation of the carbonized solidified soil material.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a method for testing the expansibility and the shear strength of carbonized soil in the carbonization process of magnesia solidified soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. assembling and connecting the device: sequentially placing a lower porous plate, filter paper, a lower electrode plate and a temperature sensor in a lower shearing box, placing an upper shearing box on the lower shearing box, adjusting all spring bolts connected between an inner shell and an outer shell of the lower shearing box and between the inner shell and the outer shell of the upper shearing box in the shearing box to tightly close two petals of the inner shell of the upper shearing box and two petals of the inner shell of the lower shearing box, coating vaseline on the inner walls of the inner shell and the inner shell of the lower shearing box, adjusting and butting an upper scroll fixed on the outer shell of the upper shearing box and a lower scroll fixed on the outer shell of the lower shearing box into a whole, and stabilizing the lower shearing box and the upper shearing box into a whole;
b. sample preparation: preparing magnesium oxide mixed soil samples under different compactedness by using a cutting ring, extruding the samples into a shearing box from the cutting ring by using a stripper, enabling the bottom of the samples to be in close contact with a temperature sensor and a lower electrode plate, and then sequentially placing an upper electrode plate, the temperature sensor, filter paper and an upper permeable plate on the top of the samples, so that the preformed holes of the upper electrode plate and the upper permeable plate correspond to each other;
c. sensor debugging: adjusting all spring bolts to enlarge the inner diameters of an inner shell of an upper shearing box and an inner shell of a lower shearing box, then rotating an upper scroll and a lower scroll to enable strain gauges to extend out of preformed holes of the inner shell of the upper shearing box and the inner shell of the lower shearing box and to be in contact with the side face of a sample, opening an air compressor and a control valve and adjusting a hydraulic rod to enable the strain gauges fixedly arranged on a balance plate at the bottom of the hydraulic rod to penetrate the preformed holes in an upper water permeable plate and an upper electrode plate and to be in contact with the upper top face of the sample, and finally opening a data acquisition device in a controller to record initial readings of all the strain gauges, a temperature sensor and resistivity;
d. sample carbonization maintenance and physical parameter testing: installing a sealing box on a fixed seat fixedly arranged on an operation table through bolts, then closing a drain valve fixedly arranged on a drain pipe at the bottom of a lower shearing box and an exhaust valve fixedly arranged on the sealing box, then opening a constant heater connected on a vent pipe between the lower shearing box and a high-pressure gas tank, adjusting a pressure regulating valve to a preset pressure, conducting ventilation and carbonization, closing the pressure regulating valve after specified ventilation time is finished, opening the drain valve and the exhaust valve, and conducting standard maintenance; deformation, temperature and resistivity are monitored in real time through a strain gauge, a temperature sensor, a lower electrode plate and an upper electrode plate in the processes of ventilation, carbonization and maintenance;
e. preparation of direct shear test: after sample carbonization and maintenance are finished, manually adjusting the push rod to enable the push rod to be in contact with the lower shear box shell and enable the upper shear box shell to be in contact with the dowel bar; rotating the upper scroll to make the strain gauge contract to the back of the inner shell of the upper shearing box and the inner shell of the lower shearing box, separating the upper scroll from the lower scroll, and adjusting and screwing out all the spring bolts to make the front of the inner shell of the upper shearing box and the front of the inner shell of the lower shearing box tightly contact with the surface of the carbonized sample; adjusting a control valve and rotating a hydraulic rod to enable a strain gauge to contract into a balance plate from a preformed hole, adjusting the hydraulic rod to enable an upper permeable plate to be in close contact with filter paper on an upper electrode plate, adjusting a hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic rod to enable a pressure sensor fixedly arranged at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder to be stable to a preset pressure value, and recording initial readings of a displacement sensor arranged on a push rod between the push device and a lower shearing box and a stress sensor arranged on a dowel bar between a support column and an upper shearing box;
f. direct shear test: starting a motor in the propelling device, adjusting a speed regulator to enable the lower shearing box and the upper shearing box to shear and move, recording a displacement sensor, a stress sensor and a resistivity value in the shearing process, and calculating the shearing parameters of the carbonized sample.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the cutting ring is the same as the minimum inner diameter of the inner shell of the upper shearing box and the inner shell of the lower shearing box.
Preferably, the adjustment of the spring bolt, the upper reel and the lower reel is realized by a controller.
As another preferred mode, the sealing box is a hollow cylinder without a bottom cover, and the size of the hollow cylinder is larger than that of the shearing box.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the method realizes the synchronous test of the temperature and the resistivity of the magnesia solidified soil sample, and is convenient for predicting and evaluating the carbonization process of the solidified sample;
2) the strain gauge can be adjusted through the hydraulic rod and the reel, so that the protection and free working test of the strain gauge in the cavity of the balance plate and the shear box are realized, and the volume expansion of a sample in the carbonization process under an unconstrained condition is accurately tested;
3) through the synergistic effect of the spring bolt and the flexible connecting sheet in the double-layer shell of the shearing box, the free change of the inner diameter of the shell in the shearing box is realized, and the test of the shearing strength of a sample is better met;
4) the carbonized sample can be subjected to a shear test without moving, so that the damage and stress release of the sample in the sampling and sample loading process of the carbonized sample are avoided, the influence of the external environment on physical and mechanical parameters is reduced, and the test result has important significance on the application of a carbonization and solidification technology and the design of a carbonized soil foundation;
5) all the sensors, the scroll and the spring bolt are connected with the integrated controller, so that the operation is simple and convenient, and the test operation time is reduced;
6) a thermostat is specially arranged on the vent pipe, and a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of the lower shearing box, so that the condensation of an air pipe and the accumulation of water vapor at the bottom of the shearing box caused by low-temperature compressed gas are avoided;
7) the method realizes the reinforcement of the environment-friendly magnesium oxide to the soil body and the reutilization of the carbon dioxide gas, and has the advantages of low carbon, environmental protection and sustainable development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing expansibility and shear strength of carbonized soil during carbonization of magnesia-cured soil;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the upper and lower shear boxes;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the upper shear box;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the balance plate;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the upper permeable stone;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of an upper electrode plate;
in the figure: 1. an operation table, 2, a fixed seat, 3, a sliding chute, 4, a ball, 5, a lower shearing box, 6, a lower water permeable plate, 7, a lower electrode plate, 8, a temperature sensor, 9, a sample, 10, a vent pipe, 11, a constant heater, 12, a pressure regulating valve, 13, a high-pressure gas tank, 14, a drain pipe, 15, a drain valve, 16, a support column, 17, a seal box, 18, an exhaust valve, 19, a cross beam, 20, an upper shearing box, 21, an upper electrode plate, 22, an upper water permeable plate, 23, a balance plate, 24, a hydraulic rod, 25, a hydraulic cylinder, 26, a propulsion device, 27, a speed regulator, 28, a motor, 29, a displacement sensor, 30, a propulsion rod, 31, a force transmission rod, 32, a stress sensor, 33, a controller, 34, a pressure sensor, 35, a strain gauge, 36, an upper scroll, 37, a control valve, 38, an air compressor, 39, a connecting sheet, 40, a spring bolt, 41 and an upper shearing box shell, 42. an upper cutting box inner shell, 43, a lower scroll, 44, a lower cutting box outer shell, 45, a lower cutting box inner shell, 46 and a reserved hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
example 1
A method for testing expansibility and shear strength of carbonized soil in a carbonization process of magnesium oxide solidified soil comprises the following steps:
a. assembling and connecting the device: a lower permeable plate 6, filter paper, a lower electrode plate 7 and a temperature sensor 8 are sequentially placed in a lower shearing box 5, an upper shearing box 20 is placed on the lower shearing box 5, all spring bolts 40 connected between an inner shell 45 and an outer shell 44 of the lower shearing box and between an inner shell 42 and an outer shell 41 of the upper shearing box in the lower shearing box are adjusted to tightly close two petals of the inner shell 42 of the upper shearing box and two petals of the inner shell 45 of the lower shearing box, vaseline is coated on the inner walls of the inner shell 42 and the inner shell 45 of the lower shearing box, an upper scroll 36 fixed on the outer shell 41 of the upper shearing box and a lower scroll 43 fixed on the outer shell 44 of the lower shearing box are adjusted and butted into a whole, and the lower shearing box 5 and the upper shearing box 20 are stabilized into a whole;
b. sample preparation: preparing magnesium oxide mixed soil samples 9 with different compactedness by using a cutting ring, extruding the samples from the cutting ring into a shearing box by using a stripper, enabling the bottom of the samples to be tightly contacted with a temperature sensor and a lower electrode plate 7, and then sequentially placing an upper electrode plate 21, a temperature sensor 8, filter paper and an upper permeable plate 22 on the top of the samples 9, so that the preformed holes 46 of the upper electrode plate 21 and the upper permeable plate 22 correspond to each other;
c. sensor debugging: firstly adjusting all the spring bolts 40 to expand the inner diameters of the upper shearing box inner shell 42 and the lower shearing box inner shell 45, then rotating the upper reel 36 and the lower reel 43 to enable the strain gauge 35 to extend out of the reserved holes 46 of the upper shearing box inner shell 42 and the lower shearing box inner shell 45 and to be in contact with the side face of the test sample 9, opening the air compressor 38 and the control valve 37 and adjusting the hydraulic rod 24 to enable the strain gauge 35 on the balance plate 23 fixedly arranged at the bottom of the hydraulic rod 24 to penetrate through the reserved holes 46 of the upper water permeable plate 22 and the upper electrode plate 21 and enable the strain gauge 35 to be in contact with the upper top face of the test sample 9, and finally opening a data acquisition device in the controller 33 to record initial readings of all the strain gauges 35, the temperature sensor 8 and the resistivity;
d. sample carbonization maintenance and physical parameter testing: installing a sealing box 17 on a fixed seat 2 fixedly arranged on an operation table 1 through bolts, then closing a drain valve 15 fixedly arranged on a drain pipe 14 at the bottom of a lower shearing box 5, a vent valve 18 fixedly arranged on the sealing box 17, opening a constant heater 11 connected on a vent pipe 10 between the lower shearing box 5 and a high-pressure gas tank 13, adjusting a pressure regulating valve 12 to a preset pressure, conducting ventilation carbonization, closing the pressure regulating valve 12 after specified ventilation time is finished, opening the drain valve 15 and the vent valve 18, and conducting standard maintenance; deformation, temperature and resistivity are monitored in real time through the strain gauge 35, the temperature sensor 8, the lower electrode plate 7 and the upper electrode plate 21 in the ventilation carbonization and maintenance processes;
e. preparation of direct shear test: after sample carbonization and maintenance are finished, manually adjusting the push rod 30 to enable the push rod 30 to be in contact with the lower shear box shell 44, and enabling the upper shear box shell 41 to be in contact with the dowel bar 31; rotating the upper reel 36 to contract the strain gauge 35 to the rear of the upper shear box inner case 42 and the lower shear box inner case 45 and separate the upper reel 36 and the lower reel 43, and adjusting and unscrewing all the spring bolts 40 to bring the front of the upper shear box inner case 42 and the lower shear box inner case 45 into close contact with the surface of the carbonized specimen 9; adjusting the control valve 37 and rotating the hydraulic rod 24 to make the strain gauge 35 contract from the preformed hole 46 to the balance plate 23, adjusting the hydraulic rod 24 to make the upper permeable plate 22 closely contact with the filter paper on the upper electrode plate 21, adjusting the hydraulic cylinder 25 and the hydraulic rod 24 to make the pressure sensor 34 fixed at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder 25 stabilize to a preset pressure value, and recording the initial readings of the displacement sensor 29 arranged on the propelling rod 30 between the propelling device 26 and the lower shear box 5 and the stress sensor 32 arranged on the transmission rod between the support column 16 and the upper shear box 20;
f. direct shear test: starting a motor 28 in the propelling device 26, adjusting a speed regulator 27 to enable the lower shearing box 5 and the upper shearing box 20 to generate shearing movement, recording a displacement sensor 29, a stress sensor 32 and a resistivity value during the shearing process, and calculating shearing parameters of the carbonized sample 9.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the cutting ring is the same size as the smallest inner diameter of the upper and lower shear box inner casings 42, 45.
Preferably, the adjustment of the spring bolt 40, the upper reel 36 and the lower reel 43 is performed by the controller 37.
As another preferred mode, the sealing box 17 is a hollow cylinder without a bottom cover, and the size of the hollow cylinder is larger than that of the shear box.
The method has simple operation steps and continuous and efficient whole flow, monitors the temperature and resistivity change of the magnesia solidified soil sample in the carbonization process and the volume expansion of the sample at different positions in real time, and can accurately evaluate the carbonization process and the expansion characteristic of the material under different conditions; after carbonization and maintenance, the carbonized sample can be directly loaded, and a full-automatic direct shear test and a resistivity test of the sample are realized. The method avoids disturbance of the sample in the sample loading process, is accurate in parameter testing, and has important significance for engineering application and evaluation of the carbonized solidified soil material.
Example 2
On the basis of the above example 1, some key points are explained by specific parameters. A cylindrical sample 9 with the optimal water content, the compaction degree of 92%, the diameter of 6.18cm and the height of 2.0cm is manufactured by adopting a cutting ring, a lower permeable plate 6, filter paper and a lower electrode plate 7 are sequentially arranged in a lower shearing box 5, then the cutting ring sample is pressed into the shearing box, and an upper electrode plate 21, the filter paper and an upper permeable plate 22 are sequentially arranged on the upper part of the sample. The upper reel 36, the lower reel 43 and the balance plate 23 are then automatically adjusted by the controller 33, so that the strain gauges 35 integrally rotate and correspond to the prepared holes 46 of the upper shear box inner shell 42, the lower shear box inner shell 45 and the upper permeable plate 22. Since the height of the test piece is small, 4 strain gauges 35 may be provided at equal intervals in the upper shear box inner casing 42 and the lower shear box inner casing 45, respectively, and 4 strain gauges 35 may be provided in the balance plate.
Because the expansibility of the magnesia solidified soil sample 9 is obviously influenced by factors such as the expansibility and the compactibility of the tested soil, if the soil sample is sandy soil, the expansibility is smaller, the positions of the upper shearing box inner shell 42 and the lower shearing box inner shell 45 can be synchronously adjusted through the spring bolt 40, so that the distance between the positions of the upper shearing box inner shell 42 and the lower shearing box inner shell 45 and the side surface of the sample 9 is 0.5cm, and the distance between the bottom of the balance plate 23 and the upper permeable plate 22 is 0.5 cm. With the increase of the expansibility and compactibility of the soil body, the distance between the upper shearing box inner shell 42 and the sample, the distance between the lower shearing box inner shell 45 and the sample and the distance between the bottom of the balance plate 23 and the upper permeable plate 22 can be increased, and in the case of silt clay or expansive loess, the distance can be increased to 1.0 cm. The purpose of this procedure setup is: so that the magnesium oxide solidified sample 9 can freely expand in the process of aeration carbonization without interference. In the process of aeration and carbonization, the set pressure of aeration air pressure is increased along with the compactness of the sample, and the temperature of the constant heater 11 on the air pipe 10 is increased along with the increase of the air pressure, so that the air pipe 10 is prevented from frosting under high air pressure. After carbonization and maintenance, the spring bolts are slowly adjusted to enable the upper shearing box inner shell 42 and the lower shearing box inner shell 45 to be in close contact with the side face of the sample 9, and the spring bolts 40 are fixed. The hydraulic ram 24 is then adjusted to bring the pressure transducer 34 to a constant pressure value for shear testing.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing examples, which are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is also intended to be covered by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The method for testing the expansibility and the shear strength of the carbonized soil in the carbonization process of the magnesia curing soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. assembling and connecting the device: sequentially placing a lower porous plate, filter paper, a lower electrode plate and a temperature sensor in a lower shearing box, placing an upper shearing box on the lower shearing box, adjusting all spring bolts connected between an inner shell and an outer shell of the lower shearing box and between the inner shell and the outer shell of the upper shearing box in the shearing box to tightly close two petals of the inner shell of the upper shearing box and two petals of the inner shell of the lower shearing box, coating vaseline on the inner walls of the inner shell and the inner shell of the lower shearing box, adjusting and butting an upper scroll fixed on the outer shell of the upper shearing box and a lower scroll fixed on the outer shell of the lower shearing box into a whole, and stabilizing the lower shearing box and the upper shearing box into a whole;
b. sample preparation: preparing magnesium oxide mixed soil samples under different compactedness by using a cutting ring, extruding the samples into a shearing box from the cutting ring by using a stripper, enabling the bottom of the samples to be in close contact with a temperature sensor and a lower electrode plate, and then sequentially placing an upper electrode plate, the temperature sensor, filter paper and an upper permeable plate on the top of the samples, so that the preformed holes of the upper electrode plate and the upper permeable plate correspond to each other;
c. sensor debugging: adjusting all spring bolts to enlarge the inner diameters of an inner shell of an upper shearing box and an inner shell of a lower shearing box, then rotating an upper scroll and a lower scroll to enable strain gauges to extend out of preformed holes of the inner shell of the upper shearing box and the inner shell of the lower shearing box and to be in contact with the side face of a sample, opening an air compressor and a control valve and adjusting a hydraulic rod to enable the strain gauges fixedly arranged on a balance plate at the bottom of the hydraulic rod to penetrate the preformed holes in an upper water permeable plate and an upper electrode plate and to be in contact with the upper top face of the sample, and finally opening a data acquisition device in a controller to record initial readings of all the strain gauges, a temperature sensor and resistivity;
d. sample carbonization maintenance and physical parameter testing: installing a sealing box on a fixed seat fixedly arranged on an operation table through bolts, then closing a drain valve fixedly arranged on a drain pipe at the bottom of a lower shearing box and an exhaust valve fixedly arranged on the sealing box, then opening a constant heater connected on a vent pipe between the lower shearing box and a high-pressure gas tank, adjusting a pressure regulating valve to a preset pressure for ventilation and carbonization, closing the pressure regulating valve after the specified ventilation time is finished, opening the drain valve and the exhaust valve, and performing standard maintenance; deformation, temperature and resistivity are monitored in real time through a strain gauge, a temperature sensor, a lower electrode plate and an upper electrode plate in the processes of ventilation, carbonization and maintenance;
e. preparation of direct shear test: after sample carbonization and maintenance are finished, manually adjusting the push rod to enable the push rod to be in contact with the lower shear box shell and enable the upper shear box shell to be in contact with the dowel bar; rotating the upper scroll to make the strain gauge contract to the back of the inner shell of the upper shearing box and the inner shell of the lower shearing box, separating the upper scroll from the lower scroll, and adjusting and screwing out all the spring bolts to make the front of the inner shell of the upper shearing box and the front of the inner shell of the lower shearing box tightly contact with the surface of the carbonized sample; adjusting a control valve and rotating a hydraulic rod to enable a strain gauge to contract into a balance plate from a preformed hole, adjusting the hydraulic rod to enable an upper permeable plate to be in close contact with filter paper on an upper electrode plate, adjusting a hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic rod to enable a pressure sensor fixedly arranged at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder to be stable to a preset pressure value, and recording initial readings of a displacement sensor arranged on a push rod between the push device and a lower shearing box and a stress sensor arranged on a dowel bar between a support column and an upper shearing box;
f. direct shear test: starting a motor in the propelling device, adjusting a speed regulator to enable the lower shearing box and the upper shearing box to shear and move, recording a displacement sensor, a stress sensor and a resistivity value in the shearing process, and calculating the shearing parameters of the carbonized sample.
2. The method for testing the expansibility during the carbonization process of magnesia curing soil and the shear strength of carbonized soil according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the cutting ring has the same size as the minimum inner diameter of the inner shell of the upper shear box and the inner shell of the lower shear box.
3. The method for testing the expansibility during the carbonization process of magnesia curing soil and the shear strength of carbonized soil according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment of the spring bolt, the upper reel and the lower reel is realized by a controller.
4. The method for testing the expansibility during carbonization of magnesia curing soil and the shear strength of carbonized soil according to claim 1, wherein the sealing box is a hollow cylinder without a bottom cover and the size of the hollow cylinder is larger than that of the shear box.
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