CN110487717B - Device and method for testing adhesion layering rotary cutting near interface of restraint body change - Google Patents
Device and method for testing adhesion layering rotary cutting near interface of restraint body change Download PDFInfo
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- CN110487717B CN110487717B CN201910861466.3A CN201910861466A CN110487717B CN 110487717 B CN110487717 B CN 110487717B CN 201910861466 A CN201910861466 A CN 201910861466A CN 110487717 B CN110487717 B CN 110487717B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 208000017740 grade III prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/22—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady torsional forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a near-boundary adhesion layering rotary-cut testing arrangement and test method that restraint body becomes, by the trough of belt base, metal washer, the soil sample, cotter I ~ III, metal bottom plate, the bolt, the cutting ring, the dado drum, filter paper, the porous disc, the torsion meter, drive power supply, the pressurization apron, rotary-cut board and slip ring are constituteed jointly, change the distance of rotary-cut board and metal bottom plate through the metal washer, drive rotary-cut board with different invariable rates through drive power supply, and record shear load through the torsion meter, realize the test function of shear load with different rates shearing soil sample under different rotary-cut distances, the problem of changing the tiny rotary-cut interval of rotary-cut board and metal bottom plate is effectively solved to the setting of dado drum has effectively solved the problem of observing the shear failure characteristic of soil sample on the metal bottom plate after the test, near-boundary adhesion layering test method that restraint body becomes near-boundary adhesion layering test method is an effective means of research near-boundary adhesion and adhesion difference characteristic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel and underground engineering test instruments, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing adhesion layering rotary cutting near a constrained body-changing interface.
Background
Soil adhesion phenomenon is commonly existed in the construction operation of underground engineering, particularly the construction machinery of urban tunnels is most prominent, and the shield cutterhead is often blocked by clay and adhered to machinery in the process of rotary cutting soil body, so that the torque of the cutterhead is increased, the machinery is damaged, the controllability of shield tunneling is reduced, and the construction progress is delayed.
How to reduce the cutter head adhesion phenomenon in shield construction is an important subject to be researched and solved. The research of the rotary cutting adhesion and adhesion difference characteristics near the contact interface of cohesive soil and metal has important guiding significance for practical construction, and also has great significance for researching adhesion under the micro-distance difference, so that a set of relatively reliable test device and theoretical basis are needed.
The existing rotary cutting or shearing force measuring method is a cross plate shearing test or a direct shearing test, but the method does not relate to the influence of micro-distance rotary cutting and residual soil sample on the shearing force of a metal surface, such as: deng Niandong et al in the paper "interface shearing behavior of Medium Fine sand and organic glass" used a direct shear apparatus to modify and perform a related interface shearing test, and set a shearing breaking surface on the contact surface of dry sand and organic glass, so as to determine parameters such as shearing strength. According to the method, dry sand is selected to reduce the influence of interfacial adhesion, consideration on interfacial adhesion is absent, and a shearing damage surface is relatively fixed in the method, so that the position of the shearing surface and the stress strain state near the interface cannot be reflected; in Littleton, an experimental study of the adhesion between clay and steel, in order to obtain shearing parameters between clay and a steel plate, a smooth steel plate is used for replacing the lower half box of a shearing box in a direct shearing test, so that the measurement of the interfacial adhesion force is realized, but the influence of an interfacial residual adhesion soil sample on shearing cannot be analyzed, the position of a shearing surface is fixed, the distance of the shearing interface cannot be adjusted, and the position and state of a real shearing failure surface cannot be obtained.
In summary, the prior art has the following disadvantages: (1) the shearing fracture surface is relatively fixed, the position and the stress state of the real shearing surface cannot be reflected (2) the influence of the residual soil layer near the interface layer on the adhesion force is ignored (3) the interface layered adhesion force at a smaller rotary cutting distance cannot be measured, or the rotary cutting depth cannot be well controlled to be kept constant in a smaller error.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a measuring device capable of measuring rotary cutting adhesion force at a small distance from a soil body-metal contact interface under the condition that a restraint body becomes, and meanwhile, capable of clearly observing adhesion conditions on a metal interface after rotary cutting, and the obtained result provides reliable reference for researching adhesion mechanical properties and adhesion characteristics during shield cutter operation.
In order to further achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the adhesive force layering rotary-cut testing device near the interface of the restraint body change consists of a grooved base, a metal gasket, a soil sample, a pin I, a metal bottom plate, a bolt, a cutting ring, a wall protection cylinder, filter paper, a water permeable plate, a torsion meter, a driving power supply, a pressurizing cover plate, a pin II, a rotary-cut plate, a pin III and a sliding circular ring;
the side edge of the rotary cutting plate is tightly abutted against the inner side of the cutting ring to slide the circular ring, so that the adhesion resistance of the cutting ring to the rotary cutting plate during rotary cutting is eliminated, the included angle between the blades is small, a large amount of soil can be taken away after the rotary cutting is finished to clearly observe the adhesion condition of a soil sample on the metal bottom plate, the soil sample is tightly contacted with the metal gasket downwards, and the soil sample, the filter paper, the water permeable plate and the pressurizing cover plate are sequentially penetrated upwards until the rotary cutting plate is connected with a driving power supply through a torsion meter, so that the purposes of controlling the rotary cutting speed and reading the torsion are achieved;
the wall protection cylinder is arranged on the base with the groove through a pin III, the upper pressurizing cover plate is fixed through the pin II, and after the test is finished, the wall protection cylinder and the rotary cutting plate are synchronously disassembled, so that the adhesion characteristics of soil samples remained on the metal bottom plate can be clearly observed;
the lower bottom surface of the water permeable plate is contacted with a ring cutter, filter paper is entrained between the lower bottom surface of the water permeable plate and a reserved hole is reserved on the plate so as to facilitate the rotary cutting plate to enter a soil sample during test, a strip seam of the water permeable plate is blocked before the soil sample is placed, the soil sample is pressed into a grooved base from the ring cutter until the soil sample is tightly contacted with a metal bottom plate, the rotary cutting plate is pressed into the soil sample through the hole of the water permeable plate before rotary cutting, and a pressurizing cover plate above the water permeable plate is fixed by utilizing a pin II so as to maintain the constant volume of the soil sample, and the soil body in the rotary cutting process is restrained from generating body change;
the inner diameter of the metal gasket is slightly larger than that of the metal bottom plate, the metal bottom plate is arranged in an opening in the bottom surface of the groove, the metal bottom plate is fixed on the base with the groove by the pin I, and the tiny rotary cutting distance between the metal bottom plate and the rotary cutting plate is changed by changing the height of the metal gasket.
Further, a method for testing adhesion layering rotary cutting near an interface of a constraint body change is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: after the soil sample is prepared, a cutter ring and a cutter ring gasket are assembled, a thin layer of vaseline is coated on the inner wall, the cutting edge is downwards placed on the soil sample, the cutter ring and the cutter ring gasket are vertically pressed down, the soil sample is cut along the outer side of the cutter ring by a soil cutter, and the soil sample is cut while being pressed until the upper surface and the lower surface of the soil sample are flush with the mouths of the cutter ring and the cutter ring gasket;
step 2: the method comprises the steps of horizontally fixing a grooved base through adjusting the height of a bolt, fixing a wall protection cylinder on the grooved base through a bolt III, fixing a metal base plate required by a test on the grooved base through a bolt I after the installation is finished, and inserting a metal gasket with a required specification into a groove at the periphery of the metal base plate;
step 3: taking down the ring cutter gasket, putting the ring cutter edge filled with the soil sample into a wall protection cylinder downwards, paving filter paper on the upper surface of the soil sample, blocking the strip seams in the water permeable plate, and pressing the soil sample in the ring cutter and the filter paper into the metal gasket by using the water permeable plate until the lower bottom surface of the soil sample is in close contact with the metal bottom plate;
step 4: taking out the strip gaps in the water permeable plate to block, inserting the rotary cutting plate into the soil sample from above the soil sample vertically downwards through the strip gaps of the water permeable plate until the rotary cutting plate cannot continuously move downwards, so that the lower edge of the rotary cutting plate is just contacted with the metal gasket, and the contact pressure is not large;
step 5: after the rotary cutting plate is installed, the whole pressurizing cover plate penetrates through the rotary cutting plate to the upper part of the wall protecting cylinder through a hole reserved in the center of the pressurizing cover plate, slightly extrudes soil body, enables the upper surface of the water permeable plate to be in close contact with the lower surface of the pressurizing cover plate, and is fixed on the wall protecting cylinder through a pin II;
step 6: connecting one end of a torsion meter with a connecting rod at the upper part of a rotary cutting plate, connecting the other end of the torsion meter with a driving power supply, setting different rotary cutting speeds by the driving power supply according to test requirements, starting the torsion meter after the test is started, recording torsion values of the rotary cutting plate caused by rotary cutting soil, and determining a change curve and a peak value P of rotary cutting adhesion force max Turning on the driving power supply again to observeThe magnitude of the torsion value is reduced when the torsion value starts to decrease and approaches to a constant value P f When the rotary cutting plate rotary cutting cylinder is in a larger rotary cutting interval (10 mm), the rotary cutting adhesion force is less influenced by the rotary cutting test, and the rotary cutting stress of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the rotary cutting plate rotary cutting cylinder is considered to be the same as P 10 Simultaneously, due to the arrangement of the sliding ring, the rotary cutting stress of the side surface of the rotary cutting cylinder body is negligible, so the rotary cutting stress is highr is the single-side radius of the rotary-cut blade;
step 7: and after the rotary cutting is finished, removing the torsion meter, then removing the pin bolt III, removing the wall protection cylinder together with the soil sample therein, and observing and shooting to record the adhesion condition of the soil sample on the metal bottom plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention changes the tiny rotary cutting interval by changing the height of the metal gasket, realizes the tiny change of the rotary cutting interval, and can ensure that the distance between the rotary cutting plate and the metal surface is kept constant in the rotary cutting process.
2. The metal bottom plate adopted by the invention can be detached and replaced, thereby meeting the requirements of different metal interface materials and smoothness.
3. The invention adopts the pressurizing cover plate and the water permeable plate to restrict the volume change of the soil body in the rotary cutting process.
4. The sliding ring adopted by the invention reduces the friction between the soil body and the inner side of the rotary cutting plate and the ring cutter, and the equivalent calculation of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the rotary cutting plate, thereby realizing the adhesion measurement at the tiny rotary cutting distance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a spin-cut plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water permeable plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view and a symmetrical cross-section of a cutting ring, a cutting ring gasket and a sliding ring according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic view of a cutting ring, a cutting ring gasket and a sliding ring, and (b) is a symmetrical cross-section of a cutting ring, a cutting ring gasket and a sliding ring;
in fig. 1 to 4, 1 is a grooved base; 2 is a metal gasket; 3 is a soil sample; 4 is a pin I;5 is a metal bottom plate; 6 is a bolt; 7 is a cutting ring; 8 is a wall protection cylinder; 9 is filter paper; 10 is a water permeable plate; 11 is a torsion meter; 12 is a driving power supply; 13 is a pressurizing cover plate; 14 is a pin II;15 is a rotary cutting plate; 16 is a sliding ring; 17 is pin III; and 18 is a knife ring gasket.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
The adhesive force layering rotary-cut testing device (shown in figure 1) near a boundary surface for restraining body change comprises a grooved base 1, a metal gasket 2, a soil sample 3, a pin I4, a metal bottom plate 5, a bolt 6, a cutting ring 7, a wall protection cylinder 8, filter paper 9, a water permeable plate 10, a torsion meter 11, a driving power supply 12, a pressurizing cover plate 13, a pin II 14, a rotary-cut plate 15, a sliding circular ring 16 and a pin III 17;
the side edge of the rotary cutting plate 15 (shown in figure 2) abuts against the inner side of the cutting ring 7 to slide the circular ring 16 (shown in figure 4), so that the adhesion resistance of the cutting ring to the rotary cutting plate 15 during rotary cutting is eliminated, the included angle between blades is small, a large amount of soil can be taken away after the rotary cutting is finished to clearly observe the adhesion condition of the soil sample 3 on the metal bottom plate 5, the soil sample is in close contact with the metal gasket 2 downwards, and the soil sample 3, the filter paper 9, the water permeable plate 10 and the pressurizing cover plate 13 upwards pass through the soil sample 3, the filter paper 9, the water permeable plate 10 and the pressurizing cover plate 13 in sequence until the rotary cutting plate is connected with the driving power supply 12 through the torsion meter 11, and the purposes of controlling the rotary cutting speed and reading torsion are achieved;
the retaining wall cylinder 8 is arranged on the base 1 with the groove through a pin III 17, the upper pressurizing cover plate 13 is fixed through a pin II 14, and after the test is finished, the retaining wall cylinder 8 and the rotary cutting plate 15 are synchronously disassembled, so that the adhesion characteristics of the soil sample 3 remained on the metal bottom plate 5 can be clearly observed;
the lower bottom surface of the water permeable plate 10 (shown in figure 3) is contacted with the ring cutter 7, filter paper 9 is entrained between the water permeable plate and the ring cutter 7, a hole is reserved in the plate so as to facilitate the rotary cutting plate 15 to enter a soil sample in the test, the upper strip seam of the water permeable plate 10 is blocked before the soil sample is placed, the soil sample is pressed into the grooved base 1 from the ring cutter 7 until the soil sample is tightly contacted with the metal bottom plate 5, the rotary cutting plate 15 is pressed into the soil sample through the hole of the water permeable plate 10 before the soil sample is rotary-cut, and a pressurizing cover plate 13 above the water permeable plate 10 is fixed by utilizing a pin II 14 so as to maintain the constant volume of the soil sample 3 and restrict the soil body in the rotary cutting process from changing; the inner diameter of the metal gasket 2 is slightly larger than that of the metal bottom plate 5, the metal bottom plate 5 is arranged in an opening of the bottom surface of the groove, the metal bottom plate 5 is fixed on the base with the groove by a pin I4, and the tiny rotary cutting distance between the metal bottom plate 5 and the rotary cutting plate 15 is changed by changing the height of the metal gasket 2.
The metal gasket 2 is arranged in the groove of the grooved base 1, and is just contacted with the bottom edge of the rotary cutting plate 15 during rotary cutting, the contact force is small, and the upper edge of the metal gasket 2 is not lower than the top surface height of the metal bottom plate 5;
the metal washers 2 of different heights are replaced, and small height variations are set as follows: seven dimensions of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm satisfy the function of testing the rotary cutting force change caused by the change of the tiny distance.
The metal bottom plate 5 is fixed on the grooved base 1 through two bolts I4, the metal bottom plate 5 is ensured to be in close contact with the grooved base 1 during rotary cutting through the pressure applied by the pressurizing cover plate 13, and the rotary cutting adhesion measurement function under different metals and finishes is realized through changing the metal bottom plate 5 with different materials and finishes.
The retaining wall cylinder 8 is fixed on the grooved base 1 by a pin III 17, and after the test is finished, the retaining wall cylinder 8 and the rotary cutting plate 15 can be synchronously disassembled so as to conveniently observe the adhesion difference characteristics on the metal bottom plate 5.
A round hole which penetrates up and down is reserved in the center of the pressurizing cover plate 13; when the spin-cut plate 15 is inserted into the earth, the pressurizing cover plate 13 is allowed to move downward through the central circular hole through the link at the upper portion of the spin-cut plate 15, which can be then connected to the torsion meter 11.
The driving power source 12 is connected with a connecting rod at the upper part of the rotary cutting plate 15 through the torsion meter 11, and provides different constant rotary cutting speeds to test rotary cutting loads at different rotary cutting speeds.
The torsion meter 11 is arranged between the driving power supply 12 and the rotary cutting plate 15, can play a role of a connecting key, is convenient for mounting and dismounting the rotary cutting plate 15, and simultaneously records the torsion value of rotary cutting load at any time.
The thickness of the water permeable plate 10 is 10 mm-15 mm, the diameter is the same as that of the ring cutter 7 and the inner diameter, the diameters are 50 mm-60 mm, the height of the ring cutter is 40 mm-60 mm, and the outer edge of the water permeable plate 10 is tightly contacted with the sliding circular ring 16 at the inner side of the ring cutter 7.
The water permeable plate 10 is provided with slits so that the rotary-cut plate 15 penetrates through the water permeable plate 10 and is pressed downwards into soil, after the rotary-cut plate 15 completely enters the soil, the slits of the water permeable plate are blocked by the same material as the rotary-cut plate 15, and soil particles are prevented from entering the water permeable plate 10 in the rotary-cut process, and the number of the slits is consistent with that of blades of the rotary-cut plate 15.
The sliding ring 16 is disposed inside the cutter ring (as shown in fig. 4 (b)), and the contact surface between the ring and the cutter ring is relatively smooth and coated with lubricating oil, and the inside of the ring is contacted with the rotary cutting plate 15 and the soil body 3, so as to reduce the influence of friction resistance between the side surface of the soil sample and the inside of the cutter ring on the test result during rotary cutting. The included angle of the blades of the rotary cutting plate 15 is 45-60 degrees, the thickness of the steel blades is 1-2 mm, and the smaller included angle of the blades ensures that more soil samples can be entrained in the synchronous disassembly process of the retaining wall cylinder 8 and the rotary cutting plate 15 so as to clearly observe the adhesion difference characteristics remained on the metal bottom plate 5.
A method for testing adhesion layering rotary cutting near an interface of a constraint body change comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: after the soil sample 3 is prepared according to the required proportion, the ring cutter 7 and the ring cutter gasket (18) are assembled (as shown in fig. 4 (a)), a thin layer of vaseline is coated on the inner wall, the cutting edge is downwards placed on the soil sample, the ring cutter 7 and the ring cutter gasket 18 are vertically pressed down, the soil sample is cut along the outer side of the ring cutter by using a soil cutter, and the soil sample is cut while being pressed until the upper surface and the lower surface of the soil sample 3 are flush with the opening of the ring cutter 7 and the ring cutter gasket 18;
step 2: the grooved base 1 is horizontally fixed through adjusting the height of the bolt 6, the retaining wall cylinder 8 is fixed on the grooved base 1 through a bolt III 17, after the installation is finished, the metal base plate 5 required by the test is fixed on the grooved base 1 through a bolt I4, and the metal gasket 2 with the specification required by the test is inserted into a groove at the periphery of the metal base plate 5;
step 3: taking down a ring cutter gasket 18, putting the cutting edge of a ring cutter 7 filled with a soil sample 3 into a wall protection cylinder 8 downwards, paving filter paper 9 on the upper surface of the soil sample 3, blocking a strip gap in a water permeable plate 10, and pressing the soil sample in the ring cutter 7 and the filter paper 9 into a metal gasket 2 by using the water permeable plate 10 until the lower bottom surface of the soil sample 3 is in close contact with a metal bottom plate (5);
step 4: taking out the strip seam in the water permeable plate 10 to block, and vertically and downwards penetrating the strip seam of the water permeable plate 10 from above the soil sample 3 to insert the soil sample until the lower edge of the rotary cutting plate can not continuously move downwards, so that the lower edge of the rotary cutting plate is just contacted with the metal gasket 2, and the contact pressure is not large;
step 5: after the rotary cutting plate 15 is installed, the whole pressurizing cover plate 13 passes through the rotary cutting plate 15 to be above the retaining wall cylinder 8 through a hole reserved in the central position of the pressurizing cover plate 13, slightly extrudes soil body, enables the upper surface of the water permeable plate 10 to be in close contact with the lower surface of the pressurizing cover plate 13, and is fixed on the retaining wall cylinder 8 through a pin II 14;
step 6: one end of a torsion meter 11 is connected with a connecting rod at the upper part of a rotary cutting plate 15, the other end of the torsion meter is connected with a driving power supply 12, the driving power supply 12 sets different rotary cutting speeds according to test requirements, after the test is started, the torsion meter 11 is started, torsion values of the rotary cutting plate 15 caused by rotary cutting soil are recorded, and a change curve and a peak value P of rotary cutting adhesion force are determined max Turning on the driving power supply again, observing the torque value, and when the torque value begins to decrease and tends to a constant value P f When the rotary cutting plate rotary cutting cylinder is in a larger rotary cutting interval (10 mm), the rotary cutting adhesion force is less influenced by the rotary cutting test, and the rotary cutting stress of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the rotary cutting plate rotary cutting cylinder is considered to be the same as P 10 Simultaneously, due to the arrangement of the sliding ring, the rotary cutting stress of the side surface of the rotary cutting cylinder body is negligible, so the rotary cutting stress is highr is the single-side radius of the rotary-cut blade;
step 7: after the rotary cutting is finished, the torsion meter is removed, then the pin III 17 is removed, the retaining wall cylinder 8 and the soil sample in the retaining wall cylinder are removed, and the adhesion condition of the soil sample on the metal bottom plate 5 is observed and photographed.
By using the device and the testing method, the shearing adhesion force of the soil sample sheared at different rates under different micro-rotary cutting distances is measured, and the conditions of adhesion force change at the micro-distance between the soil and the metal contact surface, adhesion force under different metal materials and finishes and rotary cutting adhesion force under different rotary cutting rates can be obtained.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to specific examples, which are provided herein to facilitate understanding of the methods and core concepts of the present invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the invention in view of the above.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a near boundary surface adhesion layering rotary-cut testing arrangement that restraint body becomes which characterized in that: the device comprises a base (1) with a groove, a metal gasket (2), a soil sample (3), a bolt I (4), a metal bottom plate (5), a bolt (6), a cutting ring (7), a wall protection cylinder (8), filter paper (9), a water permeable plate (10), a torsion meter (11), a driving power supply (12), a pressurizing cover plate (13), a bolt II (14), a rotary cutting plate (15), a sliding circular ring (16) and a bolt III (17);
the side edge of the rotary cutting plate (15) is tightly abutted against the inner side of the cutting ring (7) to slide a circular ring (16), is in downward tight contact with the metal gasket (2), and sequentially passes through the soil sample (3), the filter paper (9), the water permeable plate (10) and the pressurizing cover plate (13) upwards until being connected with the driving power supply (12) through the torsion meter (11);
the wall protection cylinder (8) is arranged on the grooved base (1) through a pin III (17), and an upper pressurizing cover plate (13) is fixed through a pin II (14);
the lower bottom surface of the water permeable plate (10) is contacted with the cutting ring (7), filter paper (9) is entrained between the lower bottom surface and the cutting ring, a hole is reserved in the plate so as to facilitate the rotary cutting plate (15) to enter a soil sample in a test, the upper strip seam of the water permeable plate (10) is blocked before the soil sample is placed, the soil sample is pressed into the grooved base (1) from the cutting ring (7) until the soil sample is tightly contacted with the metal bottom plate (5), the rotary cutting plate (15) is pressed into the soil sample through the hole of the water permeable plate (10) before the soil sample is cut, and a pressurizing cover plate (13) above the water permeable plate (10) is fixed by utilizing a pin II (14) so as to maintain the constant volume of the soil sample (3) and restrict the soil body in the rotary cutting process from changing;
the inner diameter of the metal gasket (2) is slightly larger than that of the metal bottom plate (5), the metal bottom plate (5) is arranged in an opening at the bottom surface of the groove, the metal bottom plate (5) is fixed on the base with the groove by the pin I (4), and the tiny rotary cutting distance between the metal bottom plate (5) and the rotary cutting plate (15) is changed by changing the height of the metal gasket (2);
the metal gasket (2) is arranged in the groove of the grooved base (1), and is just contacted with the bottom edge of the rotary cutting plate (15) during rotary cutting, the contact force is small, and the upper edge of the metal gasket (2) is not lower than the top surface height of the metal bottom plate (5);
the metal washers (2) with different heights are replaced, so that the function of testing the rotary cutting force change caused by the change of the tiny distance is met;
the metal bottom plate (5) is fixed on the grooved base (1) through two bolts I (4), the metal bottom plate (5) is ensured to be in close contact with the grooved base (1) during rotary cutting through the pressure applied by the pressurizing cover plate (13), and the rotary cutting adhesion measurement function under different metals and smooth finish is realized through changing the metal bottom plate (5) with different materials and smooth finish;
the retaining cylinder (8) is fixed on the grooved base (1) through a pin III (17);
a round hole which is penetrated up and down is reserved at the center of the pressurizing cover plate (13); after the rotary cutting plate (15) is inserted into the soil, the pressurizing cover plate (13) is allowed to pass through a connecting rod at the upper part of the rotary cutting plate (15) to move downwards through a central round hole, and the connecting rod is connected with the torsion meter (11) after the connecting rod;
the driving power supply (12) is connected with a connecting rod at the upper part of the rotary cutting plate (15) through the torsion meter (11) to provide different constant rotary cutting speeds so as to test rotary cutting loads at different rotary cutting speeds;
the torsion meter (11) is arranged between the driving power supply (12) and the rotary cutting plate (15);
the diameter of the water permeable plate (10) is the same as the inner diameter of the cutting ring (7), and the outer edge of the water permeable plate (10) is tightly contacted with the sliding circular ring (16) at the inner side of the cutting ring (7);
the water permeable plate (10) is provided with strip seams so that the rotary cutting plate (15) penetrates through the water permeable plate (10) to be pressed into soil body downwards, after the rotary cutting plate (15) completely enters the soil body, the strip seams of the water permeable plate are blocked by the same material as the rotary cutting plate (15), and the number of the strip seams is consistent with that of the blades of the rotary cutting plate (15);
the sliding ring (16) is arranged on the inner side of the cutting ring, the contact surface of the ring and the cutting ring is relatively smooth and coated with lubricating oil, the inner side of the ring is contacted with the rotary cutting plate (15) and the soil sample (3), and the rotary cutting plate (15) rotates to drive the sliding ring (16) to synchronously rotate.
2. The method for testing the adhesion layering rotary cutting near the interface of the restraint body change is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
(1) After the soil sample (3) is prepared, a cutter ring (7) and a cutter ring gasket (18) are assembled, a thin layer of vaseline is coated on the inner wall, the cutting edge is downwards placed on the soil sample, the cutter ring (7) and the cutter ring gasket (18) are vertically pressed down, the soil sample is cut along the outer side of the cutter ring by a soil cutting knife, and the soil sample is cut while being pressed until the upper surface and the lower surface of the soil sample (3) are flush with the mouth of the cutter ring (7) and the cutter ring gasket (18);
(2) The method comprises the steps of horizontally fixing a grooved base (1) through adjusting the height of a bolt (6), fixing a wall protection cylinder (8) on the grooved base (1) through a bolt III (17), fixing a metal base plate (5) required by a test on the grooved base (1) through a bolt I (4) after the installation is finished, and inserting a metal gasket (2) of a specification required by the test into a groove at the periphery of the metal base plate (5);
(3) Taking down a ring cutter gasket (18), putting the cutting edge of a ring cutter (7) provided with a soil sample (3) into a wall protection cylinder (8) downwards, paving filter paper (9) on the upper surface of the soil sample (3), blocking a strip gap in a water permeable plate (10), and pressing the soil sample in the ring cutter (7) and the filter paper (9) into a metal gasket (2) by using the water permeable plate (10) until the lower bottom surface of the soil sample (3) is in close contact with a metal bottom plate (5);
(4) Taking out the strip seam in the water permeable plate (10) to block, inserting the rotary cutting plate (15) into the soil sample from the upper part of the soil sample (3) vertically downwards through the strip seam of the water permeable plate (10) until the rotary cutting plate cannot continuously move downwards, so that the lower edge of the rotary cutting plate is just contacted with the metal gasket (2), and the contact pressure is not large;
(5) After the rotary cutting plate (15) is installed, the whole pressurizing cover plate (13) penetrates through the rotary cutting plate (15) to the upper part of the wall protection cylinder (8) through a hole reserved in the center of the pressurizing cover plate (13), soil is slightly extruded, the upper surface of the water permeable plate (10) is tightly contacted with the lower surface of the pressurizing cover plate (13), and the water permeable plate is fixed on the wall protection cylinder (8) through a pin H (14);
(6) One end of a torsion meter (11) is connected with a connecting rod at the upper part of a rotary cutting plate (15), the other end of the torsion meter is connected with a driving power supply (12), the driving power supply (12) sets different rotary cutting speeds according to test requirements, after the test is started, the torsion meter (11) is started, torsion values of the rotary cutting plate (15) caused by rotary cutting soil are recorded, and a change curve and a peak value P of rotary cutting adhesion force are determined max Turning on the driving power supply again, observing the torque value, and when the torque value begins to decrease and tends to a constant value P f When the rotary cutting plate rotary cutting cylinder is in a rotary cutting state, the rotary cutting adhesion force is influenced by the rotary cutting plate rotary cutting cylinder, and the rotary cutting stress of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the rotary cutting plate rotary cutting cylinder is regarded as P 10 Meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the sliding ring, the rotary cutting stress of the side surface of the rotary cutting cylinder is ignored, so that the shear stress tau=3 (P max -P 10 )/(2πr 3 ) R is the single-side radius of the rotary-cut blade;
(7) After the rotary cutting is finished, the torsion meter is removed, then the pin bolt III (17) is removed, the retaining wall cylinder (8) and the soil sample in the retaining wall cylinder are removed, and the soil sample adhesion condition on the metal bottom plate (5) is observed and photographed and recorded.
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