CN109085117A - A kind of area controllably and pushes the cover-plate type loaded and sticks force test device and test method - Google Patents
A kind of area controllably and pushes the cover-plate type loaded and sticks force test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109085117A CN109085117A CN201810853534.7A CN201810853534A CN109085117A CN 109085117 A CN109085117 A CN 109085117A CN 201810853534 A CN201810853534 A CN 201810853534A CN 109085117 A CN109085117 A CN 109085117A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
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Abstract
A kind of area controllably and pushes the cover-plate type loaded and sticks force test device and test method, by cylindrical native box, endless metal backing plate, native lid plate I, native lid plate II, fixed pulley group, water-storing bottle, water supply bottle, flowmeter, balance, air compressor machine, pressure gauge, pressure valve, valve, hose and nylon rope collectively constitute, pushing load is carried out to soil sample by the compressed air that air compressor machine generates, by the area for changing endless metal backing plate ring section, realize the test function of the soil sample adhesive force of soil lid plate I and various cross-sectional areas, the setting of endless metal backing plate solves the problems, such as that soil sample is cohered in adhesive force measurement and the survey face of trying to get to the heart of a matter under different contacts area in adhesive force testing experiment, the test of metal interface cohesive soil adhesive force is to study a kind of effective means of cohesive soil Mechanism of Adhesion.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tunneling and underground engineering test apparatus technical field, in particular to a kind of area controllably adds with pushing
The cover-plate type of load sticks force test device and test method.
Background technique
Shield construction is since driving speed is fast, security performance is high, sedimentation is conducive to control, surrounding enviroment are influenced with small spy
Point, is widely used in Construction of City Tunnel.Since subsurface geology situation is complicated, shield machine is constructed in the stratum rich in clay,
It is cut the broken soil body to get off to be easy to cohere on cutterhead surface, and as the lengthening of advance distance occurs to migrate and gradually increase
Thickness finally forms mud cake on cutterhead surface, causes the driving speed of cutterhead sharply to decline, while also will cause cutterhead high oil temperature
It tunnel shield can not, greatly reduce excavation efficiency.Therefore, the adhesive force for studying cohesive soil and metal surface is glutinous to cohesive soil
The research of random reason, has important directive significance.
Mostly about soil and the measurement of the adhesive force of metal surface at present applied using the survey disk that surface is smooth and area is certain
Add scheduled load to be kept for a period of time, then unloads and pull survey disk, and then measure the adhesive force of soil, but this survey disk
The case where adhesive force is only capable of measuring less than the Soil adhesion power under the conditions of cohesive force, and is greater than cohesive force for adhesive force, then can
Cause the survey face of trying to get to the heart of a matter that can cohere soil sample, and then does not measure true adhesive force.For example, Sang Zhengzhong is in its paper " hydraulic electric measuring type
Soil adhesion force detector " in propose a kind of survey disk, there have been the survey faces of trying to get to the heart of a matter to cohere soil sample problem during the test.Needle
To this defect, Ren Luquan proposes a kind of combination in its paper " experimental study that disk dynamometry principle is surveyed in the combination of soil adhesion instrument "
Disk is surveyed, disk is surveyed and is made of inner disc and external disk two parts, inner disc is combined with certain cooperation taper with external disk, can effectively be measured
Cohesion under various edaphic conditions is tested although this combination surveys disk and solves the problems, such as that the soil body is cohered in the survey face of trying to get to the heart of a matter
It still can not achieve under different contacts area in the process, the function of cohesive soil and the measurement of metal surface adhesive force.
To overcome above-mentioned deficiency, the present invention proposes that a kind of area controllably tests dress with the cover-plate type adhesive force for pushing load
Set, analysis cohesive soil from metal contact surface adhesive force, under different contacts area soil and metal surface adhesive force variation
The case where adhesive force in situation and different soils parameter on soil and metal contact surface, to be soil in metal surface
Mechanism of Adhesion research effective analysis foundation is provided.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of areas controllably to stick force test device with the cover-plate type of pushing load and test
Method solves in cohesive soil and metal contact surface adhesive force test process, can not change the contact area of cohesive soil and metal with
And metal surveys the problem of soil body is cohered in the face of trying to get to the heart of a matter during test, determines that the variation of adhesion on cohesive soil and metal contact surface is advised
The Mechanism of Adhesion of rule and cohesive soil has control cohesive soil and metal contact area and surveys face of trying to get to the heart of a matter and do not cohere the soil body
Advantage can be applied in the scientific research field for disclosing cohesive soil Mechanism of Adhesion and the incrusted formation mechanism study of cutterhead.
A kind of area controllably and pushes the cover-plate type of load and sticks force test device and test method, by cylindrical soil box,
Endless metal backing plate, native lid plate I, native lid plate II, fixed pulley, water-storing bottle, water supply bottle, flowmeter, balance, air compressor machine, pressure
Power table, pressure valve, valve, hose and nylon rope collectively constitute；
The compressed air generated by air compressor machine realizes that the pushing to soil sample loads, and endless metal backing plate is fixed on cylinder
Between shape soil box and native lid plate I, by changing the area of endless metal backing plate ring section, realize soil lid plate I from it is different
The test function of the soil sample adhesive force of area of section, the setting of endless metal backing plate efficiently solve in adhesive force testing experiment not
With the problem of adhesive force measurement coheres soil sample with the survey face of trying to get to the heart of a matter under contact area, provides and stick on cohesive soil and metal contact surface
The analysis foundation of the Mechanism of Adhesion of the changing rule and cohesive soil of property.
Described sticks force test device, and endless metal backing plate is bolted on cylindrical native box, in annular gold
Belong to and rubber ring is set between the cylindrical native box of backing plate, prevents particle or water in the soil sample in loading procedure from entering endless metal pad
The contact gap of plate and cylindrical native box；
Native lid plate I is bolted on cylindrical native box, close between endless metal backing plate and native lid plate I
Endless metal backing plate inner circle position is arranged rubber ring, prevents particle or water in loading procedure in soil sample from entering endless metal pad
The contact gap of plate and native lid plate I；
Native lid plate II is bolted on native lid plate I, and rubber is arranged between native lid plate II and native lid plate I
Cushion rubber prevents particle or water in the soil sample in loading procedure from entering the contact gap between native lid plate II and native lid plate I；
The upper end native lid plate II is connect by hose with air compressor machine, is connected between air compressor machine and native lid plate II by hose
Pressure gauge, pressure valve and valve are connect to achieve the purpose that pressure size in reading and the cylindrical native box of control.
Described sticks force test device, and cylindrical soil box height is 20cm~25cm, and top internal diameter is 15cm~20cm,
Bottom inner diameter is 25cm~30cm, and the 45 degree of angles of its offset inboard at away from cylindrical native box top 5cm are realized during loading
Soil sample and cylindrical native box inner wall are in close contact；
The edge thickness of cylindrical soil box is 0.5cm~0.7cm, and width is 5cm~7cm, outside top edge
At boundary 3cm~4cm, edge thickness anticlimax be 0.3cm~0.5cm, anticlimax with a thickness of endless metal backing plate thickness.
It can realize that adhesive force is surveyed by replacing the endless metal backing plate of different inner diameters according to the needs of different test areas
The controllable function of area is set in trial assembly, and wherein the area of endless metal backing plate is the 1/4~2/3 of cylindrical native box top opening area
Times；
Since endless metal backing plate has certain thickness, the soil sample stress in endless metal backing plate inner circle region will be greater than interior
Circle perimeter, to solve the problems, such as to survey face clay of trying to get to the heart of a matter.
Described sticks force test device, and native lid plate I diameter is 30cm~35cm, and position is that a diameter is in its center
The vertical metal circular tube of 1.5cm~2cm, the height of vertical metal circular tube are 10cm~15cm, and vertical gold is surrounded on native lid plate I
Belong to and be uniformly provided within round tube one week the air hole that 4~6 diameters are 0.5cm~0.8cm, rubber ring, test are embedded on the inside of air hole
In the process can be according to whether eliminating the influence of pull of vacuum, part air hole is opened or is blocked in selection.
Described sticks force test device, and native lid plate II diameter is 3cm~4cm, and position is provided in its center passes through up and down
Logical circular hole, circular-hole internal-wall is Nian Jie with water pocket water inlet by seccotine, and water pocket is packed into the vertical of native lid plate I during test
In metal circular tube, it is highly 5cm~7cm, material is rubber that water pocket outer diameter is consistent with the vertical metal circular tube internal diameter of native lid plate I
Glue material matter.
Described sticks force test device, and loading method is that the compressed air generated in air compressor machine adds water pocket
It carries, water pocket expansion carries out pushing load to the soil sample in native lid plate I metal tube, is transferred to pressure by the soil sample in metal tube
Cylindrical soil box soil sample, to realize the uniform load to soil sample.
Described sticks force test device, and the setting of pressure valve can provide different extruding forces, so as to preferable
The deformation of soil sample is controlled, guarantees that soil sample and soil lid plate I are in close contact；
Described sticks force test device, and test mode is, after loaded, removes soil lid plate I and cylinder
Bolt between native box provides the upward pulling capacity of native lid plate I, therefore, water supply bottle by the quality of the increased water of water-storing bottle
The mass change of middle water can accurately reflect the change procedure of adhesive force between native lid plate I and soil sample.
The adhesive force test sticked force test device and be suitable for the cohesive soil with good plastic deformation, guarantees soil sample
Under lower press loading effect, it can freely be moved down in vertical metal tube.
A kind of area controllably sticks the test method of force test device with the cover-plate type for pushing load, which is characterized in that adopts
Controllably stick force test device with the cover-plate type for pushing load with a kind of area and carry out test, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: soil sample needed for test preparation according to a certain percentage, after soil sample prepares completion, layering is packed into cylindrical
Native box and layering are hit in fact uniformly, after soil sample is filled, endless metal backing plate are fixed on cylindrical native box with bolt, has been fixed
After finishing, continues to load soil sample, make soil sample and endless metal cover board in same plane, native lid plate I is then fixed on cylinder
Shape soil box it is upper, it is fixed finish after, soil sample is continuously added into the vertical metal circular tube of native lid plate I, soil sample distance is added
Stop addition soil sample at the top of vertical metal circular tube when 5cm~7cm；
Step 2: adding water from native lid plate II center hole upper end to water pocket, adding water height is the 4/5 of water pocket height, adds water
After finishing, water pocket is packed into the vertical metal circular tube of native lid plate I, native lid plate II is then fixed on native box with bolt
Cover board I；
Step 3: the upper end native lid plate II connects air compressor machine by hose, the pressure that wherein pressure valve loads needed for being used to control
Power, pressure read the pressure size in cylindrical native box for table；
Step 4: after device connection finishes, opening air compressor machine and valve, adjust the pressure of pressure valve to setting, pass through water
Intracapsular constant water pressure equably pushes soil sample and loads；
Step 5: it after loaded, does not need to unload, first closes air compressor machine, turn off the side native lid plate II valve,
Finally remove the hose of valve or more；
Step 6: the bolt between soil lid plate I and cylindrical native box is removed, according to whether eliminating pull of vacuum
It influences, chooses whether the bolt for opening air hole on native lid plate I；
Step: 7 nylon rope one end connect water-storing bottle, and the other end connects at the top of native lid plate II around two fixed pulleys,
In, the quality of water-storing bottle is slightly less than the quality of native lid plate I, and the quality difference value of the two is MDifference；
Step 8: through water supply bottle into water-storing bottle plus water, connecting flowmeter on the hose of water supply bottle, allow sluggish flow
Smoothly flow into water-storing bottle；
Step 9: into water-storing bottle plus water, until soil lid plate I and soil sample interface are completely disengaged, recording water supply bottle at this time
Quality determines the mass change M of water supply water in bottleWater, water supply bottle end valve door is turned off, native lid plate I and water-storing bottle are then subtracted
The difference M of qualityDifference, multiplied by gravity acceleration g again divided by the contact area S of native lid plate I and soil sample, i.e. P=(MWater-MDifference) g/S,
Wherein, P be surveyed adhesive force, M water be it is continually changing, pass through P=(MWater-MDifference) g/S is that can determine adhesive force at any time
Change procedure determines the peak value P of adhesive forcemax。
Beneficial effect
The present invention solves in metal and the test of soil sample contact surface adhesive force test model, can not change contact surface
The problem of test contact surface adhesive force and survey disk cohere soil, has following beneficial effect:
(1) by using the endless metal backing plate of different inner diameters, control soil sample and native lid plate contact area be can achieve
Purpose, convenient for studying the influence of different contacts area to metal and soil sample contact interface adhesive force.
(2) water pocket vertically loads and the use of endless metal backing plate, efficiently solves metal and surveys the face of trying to get to the heart of a matter and coheres soil sample,
The problem of soil sample and metal interface adhesive force can not accurately be measured.
(3) setting of pressure valve can provide different extruding forces, so as to preferably control the deformation of soil sample, guarantee
Soil sample metal is surveyed disk and can be in close contact.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is soil sample and the test of metal interface cohesion and loading device figure, wherein (a) is that soil sample is cohered with metal interface
Force test device figure is (b) soil sample and metal interface cohesion loading device for testing figure；
Fig. 2 is cylindrical native box structure view, wherein (a) is endless metal bucket normal section topology view, it is (b) annular gold
Belong to barrel structure top view；
Fig. 3 is endless metal backing structure top view；
Fig. 4 is native lid plate I topology view, wherein (a) is native lid plate I normal section topology view, it is (b) native lid plate
I structure top view；
Fig. 5 is that native lid plate II structure attempts, which is made of native lid plate II and water pocket two parts, wherein (a) is
Native lid plate II structure top view is (b) native lid plate II normal section topology view.
In 1~attached drawing of attached drawing 5,1 is cylindrical native box；2 be endless metal backing plate；3 be native lid plate I；4 be native box cover
Plate II, 5 be fixed pulley；6 be water-storing bottle；7 be water supply bottle；8 be flowmeter；9 be balance；10 be air compressor machine；11 be pressure gauge；12
For pressure valve；13 be valve；14 be hose；15 be nylon rope；16 be soil sample；17 be water pocket；18 be air hole；19 be rubber
Circle；20,21,22,23 be various sizes of bolt.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and examples.
Such as Fig. 1-as shown in figure 5, a kind of area controllably sticks force test device (such as Fig. 1) with the cover-plate type for pushing load,
By cylindrical native box 1, endless metal backing plate 2, native lid plate I 3, native lid plate II 4, fixed pulley 5, water-storing bottle 6, water supply bottle 7,
Flowmeter 8, balance 9, air compressor machine 10, pressure gauge 11, pressure valve 12, valve 13, hose 14 and nylon rope 15 collectively constitute；
Endless metal backing plate 2 is fixed on cylindrical native box 1 by bolt 20, in the cylindrical native box 1 of endless metal backing plate 2
Between be arranged rubber ring 19, prevent particle or water in the soil sample in loading procedure enter endless metal backing plate 2 and cylinder soil
The contact gap of box 1；
Native lid plate I 3 is equally fixed on cylindrical native box 1 by bolt 21, in native lid plate II 4 and native lid plate
Rubber ring 19 is set between I 3, prevents particle or water in the soil sample in loading procedure from entering native lid plate I 3 and native lid plate
The contact gap of II 4；
Native lid plate II 4 is fixed on native lid plate I 3 by bolt 23, in native lid plate II 4 and native lid plate I 3
Between rubber ring 19 is set, prevent particle or water in the soil sample in loading procedure from entering native lid plate I 3 and endless metal pad
The contact gap of plate 2；
Native 4 upper end lid plate II is connect by hose 14 with air compressor machine 10, between air compressor machine 10 and native lid plate II 4
Pressure gauge 11, pressure valve 12 and valve 13 are connected by hose to reach pressure size in reading and the cylindrical native box 1 of control
Purpose.
Cylindrical soil box 1 (such as Fig. 2 (a)) is highly 20cm~25cm, and top internal diameter is 15cm~20cm, and bottom inner diameter is
25cm~30cm, the 45 degree of angles of its offset inboard at away from 1 top 5cm of cylindrical native box, realizes soil sample and circle during loading
1 inner wall of cylindricality soil box is in close contact；
The top edge width of cylindrical soil box 1 is 5cm~7cm, with a thickness of 0.5cm~0.7cm, outside top edge
At boundary 3cm~4cm, edge thickness is reduced to 0.3cm~0.5cm, and height difference is the thickness of endless metal backing plate 2.
The endless metal backing plate of different inner diameters can be replaced according to the needs for testing cohesive soil adhesive force under different test areas
The controllable function of force test device area is sticked in (such as Fig. 3), realization, and wherein the area of endless metal backing plate 2 is cylindrical native box 1
1/4~2/3 times of top opening area；
Since endless metal backing plate 2 has certain thickness, 16 stress of soil sample in 2 inner circle region of endless metal backing plate will be big
In inner circle perimeter, to solve the problems, such as to survey face clay of trying to get to the heart of a matter.
The diameter of native lid plate I 3 be 30cm~35cm (such as Fig. 4 (a)), in its center position be a diameter be 1.5cm~
The vertical metal circular tube of 2cm, the height of vertical metal circular tube are 10cm~15cm, surround vertical round metal on native lid plate I 3
Guan Yizhou is the air hole 18 of 4-6 diameter 0.5cm~0.8cm, is embedded with rubber ring 19 (such as Fig. 4 (b)) on the inside of air hole 18, examination
Whether can need to eliminate the influence of pull of vacuum during testing as needed, part air hole 18 is opened or blocked in selection.
Native 4 diameter of lid plate II is 3cm~4cm (such as Fig. 5 (a)), and position is provided with circular hole up and down in its center,
Circular-hole internal-wall is Nian Jie with 17 water inlet of water pocket (such as Fig. 5 (b)) by seccotine, and water pocket 17 is filled in native lid plate during test
In the vertical metal circular tube of I 3,17 internal diameter of water pocket is consistent with the vertical metal circular tube internal diameter of native lid plate I 3, highly for 5cm~
7cm, material are flexible rubber.
The loading method for sticking force test device is that the compressed gas generated in air compressor machine 10 loads water pocket 17,
The expansion of water pocket 17 carries out pushing load to the soil sample 16 in native 3 metal tube of lid plate I, by the soil sample 16 in metal tube by pressure
It is transferred to 1 soil sample 16 of cylindrical native box, to realize the uniform load to soil sample 16.
The setting of pressure valve 12, which can according to need, provides corresponding extruding force, so as to preferably control soil sample 16
Deformation guarantees that soil sample 16 and native lid plate I 3 are in close contact；
The test mode for sticking force test device is, after loaded, removes native lid plate I 3 and cylindrical native box 1
Bolt 21, the upward pulling capacity of native lid plate I 3 is provided by the quality of the increased water of water-storing bottle 6, therefore, in water supply bottle 7
The mass change of water can accurately reflect the change procedure of adhesive force between native lid plate I 3 and soil sample 16.
Stick the adhesive force test that force test device is suitable for the cohesive soil with good plastic deformation, guarantees that soil sample 16 exists
It can freely be moved down in vertical metal tube under lower press loading effect.
A kind of area controllably sticks the test method of force test device with the cover-plate type for pushing load, which is characterized in that adopts
Controllably stick force test device with the cover-plate type for pushing load with a kind of area and carry out test, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: soil sample 16 needed for test preparation according to a certain percentage, after soil sample 16 prepares completion, layering is packed into circle
Cylindricality soil box 1 and layering are hit in fact uniformly, and after soil sample 16 is filled, endless metal backing plate 2 is fixed on cylindrical soil with bolt 20
It on box, fixes after finishing, continues to load soil sample 16, make soil sample 16 and endless metal cover board 2 in same plane, then by native box
The bolt 21 of cover board I 3 is fixed on cylindrical native box 1, is fixed after finishing, into the vertical metal circular tube of native lid plate I 3
Soil sample 16 is continuously added, soil sample 16 is added and stops addition soil sample when 5cm~7cm at the top of vertical metal circular tube；
Step 2: from the native 4 center hole upper end lid plate II to water pocket 17 plus water, adding water height is the 4/ of 17 height of water pocket
5, after adding water to finish, water pocket 18 is packed into the vertical metal circular tube of native lid plate I 3, then uses bolt 23 by native lid plate
II 4 is fixed on native lid plate I 3；
Step 3: native lid plate II 4 is concerned about that circular hole upper end connects air compressor machine 10 by hose 14, and wherein pressure valve 12 controls
The pressure of required load, pressure gauge 11 are used to read the pressure size in water pocket 17；
Step 4: after device connection finishes, opening air compressor machine 10 and valve 13, adjust the test of pressure valve 12 to setting
Pressure equably pushes soil sample 16 by the constant water pressure in water pocket 17 and loads；
Step 5: after loaded, not needing to unload, first close air compressor machine 10, turn off native 4 one side valve of lid plate II
Door 13 finally removes the hose 14 of 13 or more valve；
Step 6: removing the bolt 21 between native lid plate I 3 and cylindrical native box 1, inhaled according to whether eliminating vacuum
The influence of power chooses whether the bolt 22 for removing air hole 19 on native lid plate I 3；
Step 7: 15 one end of nylon rope connects water-storing bottle 6, and the other end connects native lid plate II 4 around two fixed pulleys 5 and pushes up
Portion, wherein the quality of water-storing bottle 6 is slightly less than the quality of native lid plate I 3, and the of poor quality of the two is MDifference；
Step 8: through water supply bottle 7 into water-storing bottle 6 plus water, flowmeter 8 is connected on the hose 14 of water supply bottle 7, allows water
Stream slowly and steadily flows into water-storing bottle 6；
Step 9: into water-storing bottle 6 plus water is recorded and is supplied at this time until native lid plate I 3 is completely disengaged with 16 interface of soil sample
The quality of water bottle 7 determines the mass change M of water in water supply bottle 7Water, 7 end valve door 13 of water supply bottle is turned off, M is then usedWaterSubtract soil
The difference M of lid plate I 3 and 6 mass of water-storing bottleDifference, multiplied by gravity acceleration g again divided by the contact of native lid plate I 3 and soil sample 16
Area S, i.e. P=(MWater-MDifference) g/S, wherein P is surveyed adhesive force, MWaterBe it is continually changing, pass through P=(MWater-MDifference) g/S is
It can determine that adhesive force changes with time process, determines the peak value P of adhesive forcemax。
A kind of area controllably sticks the test method of force test device with the cover-plate type for pushing load, utilizes above-mentioned one kind
Area is controllably and the cover-plate type of pushing load sticks force test device, carries out adhesive force on soil sample and metal contact surface and measures, can
To obtain soil and soil and metal surface adhesive force under the changing rule of the adhesive force on metal contact surface, different contacts area
Situation of change and different soils parameter under adhesive force on soil and metal contact surface the case where.
Specific embodiment is applied in the present invention to be expounded the principle and embodiment of invention, above embodiments
Illustrate to be merely used to help understand method and core concept of the invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, foundation
Thought of the invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range, in conclusion the content of the present specification is not
It is interpreted as the limitation to invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of area is controllably and the cover-plate type of pushing load sticks force test device, which is characterized in that by cylindrical native box
(1), endless metal backing plate (2), soil lid plate I (3), soil lid plate II (4), fixed pulley group (5), water-storing bottle (6), water supply bottle
(7), flowmeter (8), balance (9), air compressor machine (10), pressure gauge (11), pressure valve (12), valve (13), hose (14) and Buddhist nun
Dragon rope (15) collectively forms；
The endless metal backing plate (2) is fixed on cylindrical native box (1) by bolt (20), endless metal backing plate (2) with
Rubber ring (19) are set between cylindrical soil box (1), prevent particle or water in the soil sample in loading procedure from entering cylindrical soil
Box (1) annular with the contact gap of metal caul (2)；
The soil lid plate I (3) is fixed on cylindrical native box (1) by bolt (21), in endless metal backing plate (2) and native box
Close to endless metal backing plate (2) inner circle position between cover board I (3), it is arranged rubber ring (20), prevents in loading procedure in soil sample
Particle or water enter the contact gap of endless metal backing plate (2) with soil lid plate I (3)；
The soil lid plate II (4) is fixed on native lid plate I (3) by bolt (23), in native lid plate II (4) and native box cover
Rubber ring (19) are set between plate I (3), prevent particle or water in the soil sample in loading procedure from entering native lid plate I (3) and soil
The contact gap of lid plate II (4)；
Soil (4) upper end lid plate II is connect by hose (14) with air compressor machine (10), in air compressor machine (10) and native lid plate
By hose connection pressure gauge (11), pressure valve (12) and valve (13) to reach reading and the cylindrical soil of control between II (4)
The purpose of box (1) interior pressure size.
2. a kind of area according to claim 1 is controllably and the cover-plate type of pushing load sticks force test device, feature
It is, near away from cylindrical native box (1) top, soil sample (16) during loading and circle are realized in 45 degree of angles of offset inboard
Cylindricality soil box (1) inner wall is in close contact.
3. a kind of area according to claim 1 is controllably and the cover-plate type of pushing load sticks force test device, feature
It is, the endless metal backing plate (2) of different annular cross-sectional areas can be replaced according to the needs for selecting different test areas, realized
Stick the controllable function of force test device area, wherein the area of endless metal backing plate (2) is cylindrical native box (1) top opening
1/4~2/3 times of area；
Since endless metal backing plate (2) have certain thickness, soil sample (16) stress in endless metal backing plate (2) inner circle region will
Greater than inner circle perimeter, to solve the problems, such as to survey face clay of trying to get to the heart of a matter.
4. a kind of area according to claim 1 is controllably and the cover-plate type of pushing load sticks force test device, feature
It is, the center of native lid plate I (3) is vertical metal circular tube, around vertical metal circular tube one on native lid plate I (3)
Week is uniformly provided with 4-6 air hole (18), is embedded with rubber ring (19) on the inside of air hole (18), can be according to whether needing during test
The influence of pull of vacuum is eliminated, selection is opened or blocked part air hole (18).
5. a kind of area according to claim 1 is controllably and the cover-plate type of pushing load sticks force test device, feature
It is, native lid plate II (4) center is provided with circular hole up and down, and circular-hole internal-wall is intake by seccotine and water pocket (17)
Mouth bonding, water pocket (17) is filled in the vertical metal circular tube of native lid plate I (3) during test, water pocket (17) internal diameter and soil
The vertical metal circular tube internal diameter of lid plate I (3) is consistent.
6. a kind of area according to claim 1 is controllably and the cover-plate type of pushing load sticks force test device, feature
It is, the loading method for sticking force test device is that the compressed gas generated in air compressor machine (10) loads water pocket (17),
Water pocket (17) expansion carries out pushing load to the soil sample (16) in native lid plate I (3) metal tube, by the soil sample (17) in metal tube
Pressure is transferred to cylindrical native box (1) soil sample (16), to realize the uniform load to soil sample (16).
7. a kind of area according to claim 1 is controllably and the cover-plate type of pushing load sticks force test device, feature
It is, the setting of pressure valve (12) can need to provide corresponding extruding force, so as to preferably control the change of soil sample (16)
Shape guarantees that soil sample (16) and soil lid plate I (3) are in close contact.
8. a kind of area according to claim 1 is controllably and the cover-plate type of pushing load sticks force test device, feature
It is, the test mode for sticking force test device is, after loaded, removes soil lid plate I (3) and cylindrical native box (1)
Between bolt (21), provide soil lid plate I (3) upward pulling capacity by the quality of water-storing bottle (6) increased water, therefore,
The mass change of water can accurately reflect the variation of adhesive force between native lid plate I (3) and soil sample (16) in water supply bottle (7)
Journey.
9. a kind of area according to claim 1 is controllably and the cover-plate type of pushing load sticks force test device, feature
It is, the adhesive force test sticked force test device and be suitable for testing the cohesive soil with good plastic deformation guarantees soil
Sample can freely move down under lower press loading effect in vertical metal tube.
10. the test method that a kind of area controllably sticks force test device with the cover-plate type for pushing load, which is characterized in that use
A kind of controllable cover-plate type with pushing load of the described in any item areas of claim 1-9, which sticks force test device development model, to be tried
It tests, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) soil sample needed for test preparation (16) are layered after soil sample (16) preparation is completed and are packed into cylinder according to a certain percentage
Native box (1) and layering are hit in fact uniformly, and after soil sample (16) is filled, endless metal backing plate (2) is fixed on cylinder with bolt (20)
It on shape soil box (1), fixes after finishing, continues to load soil sample (16), make soil sample (16) and endless metal cover board (2) same flat
Native lid plate I (3) is then fixed on cylindrical native box (1) with bolt (21), is fixed after finishing, to native lid plate I by face
(3) it is continuously added in vertical metal circular tube soil sample (16), soil sample (16) certain distance at the top of vertical metal circular tube is added
When stop addition soil sample；
(2) from native lid plate II (4) center hole upper end to water pocket (17) plus water, adding water height is the 4/5 of water pocket (17) height,
After adding water to finish, water pocket (17) are packed into the vertical metal circular tube of soil lid plate I (3), then use bolt (20) by native box
Cover board II (4) is fixed on native lid plate I (3)；
(3) native lid plate II (4) center hole upper end is by hose (14) connection air compressor machine (10), and wherein pressure valve (12) is used
The pressure loaded needed for control, pressure gauge (11) are used to read the pressure size in water pocket (17)；
(4) after device connection finishes, air compressor machine (10) and valve (13) are opened, adjusts the pressure of pressure valve (12) to test setting
Power equably pushes soil sample (16) by the constant water pressure in water pocket (17) and loads；
(5) it after loaded, does not need to unload, first closes air compressor machine (10), turn off native lid plate II (4) side valve
(13), the hose (14) of valve (13) or more is finally removed；
(6) bolt (21) between soil lid plate I (3) and cylindrical native box (1) is removed, according to whether eliminating pull of vacuum
Influence, choose whether the bolt (22) for opening air hole (18) on native lid plate I (3)；
(7) nylon rope (15) one end connection water-storing bottle (6), the other end is around two fixed pulley (5) connection soil lid plate II (4) tops
Portion, wherein the quality of water-storing bottle (6) is slightly less than the quality of native lid plate I (3), and the of poor quality of the two is MDifference；
(8) by water supply bottle (7) to water-storing bottle (6) Nei Jiashui, flowmeter (8) is connected on the hose (14) of water supply bottle (7), are allowed
Sluggish flow smoothly flows into water-storing bottle (6)；
(9) to water-storing bottle (6) Nei Jiashui, until soil lid plate I (3) and soil sample (16) interface are completely disengaged, record supplies water at this time
The quality of bottle (7), determines the mass change M of water supply bottle (7) interior waterWater, water supply bottle (7) end valve door (13) is turned off, M is then usedWater
Subtract the difference M of native lid plate I (3) Yu water-storing bottle (6) qualityDifference, multiplied by gravity acceleration g again divided by native lid plate I (3) and soil
The contact area S of sample (16), i.e. P=(MWater-MDifference) g/S, wherein P is surveyed adhesive force, MWaterBe it is continually changing, pass through P=
(MWater-MDifference) g/S can determine that adhesive force changes with time process, determines the peak value P of adhesive forcemax。
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