CN108519257B - Method and device for preparing root-containing soil sample and detecting shear strength - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing root-containing soil sample and detecting shear strength Download PDFInfo
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- CN108519257B CN108519257B CN201810188042.0A CN201810188042A CN108519257B CN 108519257 B CN108519257 B CN 108519257B CN 201810188042 A CN201810188042 A CN 201810188042A CN 108519257 B CN108519257 B CN 108519257B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for preparing a sample containing root soil and detecting shear strength. The invention also discloses a preparation device of the sample containing the root soil, wherein the sample preparation box comprises a lower bottom plate, a side plate and an upper pressing plate, the lower bottom plate and the side plate are fixedly connected with each other to form a cavity, the upper pressing plate is arranged in the cavity in a sliding fit manner, a plurality of slots are arranged on the lower bottom plate, a root penetrating steel pipe is detachably connected in each slot, and an avoiding hole for avoiding the root penetrating steel pipe is arranged on the upper pressing plate. The improved shear test device has the advantages that the structure is simple, the use is convenient, the traditional shear test device can be overcome, the difficulty of processing and forming a test piece is reduced, and the shearing force calculated by the acquired data is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shearing instrument suitable for detecting the shear strength of root-containing soil, a matched shearing force calculation formula thereof, a corresponding root-containing soil sample manufacturing process and manufacturing equipment, in particular to a shearing instrument capable of adjusting the size of a test piece and a calculation formula considering real-time change of a shearing surface.
Background
The plant is widely applied to green protection engineering of various types of side slopes, the interaction between the plant root system and soil is a key factor for increasing the soil layer stability on the surface of the side slope, the shear strength of the root-containing soil is an important control index of the soil layer stability, no test instrument and test preparation process which are specially suitable for measuring the shear strength of the root-containing soil exist at present, and the shear strength can only be measured by adopting a traditional shear test device. However, the conventional shear test device has disadvantages in that: 1. the standard size of the cut sample is very small, the preparation of the sample containing the root soil is difficult, and the sample is easy to damage when being cut; 2. the maximum horizontal thrust applied to the shearing surface by the traditional shearing device is limited, and a harder test piece cannot be sheared; 3. when the shear strength of the soil containing the root system is tested, the root system density of different cross sections and heights of the sample is different due to the diffusibility distribution condition of the root system in the soil, the shear strength is different, the distribution length of the root system is limited due to the fact that the area and the height of a shear test piece with a conventional size are too small, and the strengthening effect of the root system on the soil body is difficult to embody. 4. The existing shear strength calculation formula aiming at the shear test does not fully consider the real-time change of the shear surface area. In addition, the root-containing soil shear sample has the problems of uneven root distribution, easy breaking of test blocks and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the shear test device and the calculation formula thereof, and design the manufacturing method of the shear sample containing the root soil, so as to better detect the shear strength of the root soil and provide technical support for the research of plant slope protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the inner diameter and the height of the shearing test piece can be freely adjusted according to the size of the test piece; the load ranges of the shearing surface thrust and the vertical pressure are increased and can be accurately adjusted; the shear strength calculation error caused by the real-time dynamic change of the shear surface is eliminated; the problem of difficult preparation of root-containing samples is solved.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the root-containing soil sample preparation device which comprises a reaction frame, a jack, an oil pump and a sample preparation box, wherein the sample preparation box is fixedly connected in the reaction frame, the jack is arranged between the reaction frame and the sample preparation box, the sample preparation box comprises a lower bottom plate, a side plate and an upper pressing plate, the lower bottom plate and the side plate are fixedly connected with each other to form a cavity, the upper pressing plate is arranged in the cavity in a sliding fit manner, the cross section of the cavity corresponds to the cross section of the upper pressing plate, a plurality of slots are arranged on the lower bottom plate, a root penetrating steel pipe is detachably connected in each slot, and a yielding hole for yielding the root penetrating steel pipe is arranged on the upper pressing plate.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper pressing plate comprises a pressing plate, compaction hammer arms and compaction hammers, wherein one ends of the compaction hammer arms are fixedly connected with the pressing plate, the other ends of the compaction hammer arms are fixedly connected with the compaction hammers, and the distance between the compaction hammers is equal to the diameter of the root penetrating steel pipe.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the root-containing soil sample, which uses the preparation device of the root-containing soil sample.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the following steps: 1) placing the lower bottom plate on a flat ground, sequentially inserting the root penetrating steel pipes into the slots for fixation, and sequentially penetrating root systems into each root penetrating steel pipe; 2) fixing the side panels on the lower bottom plate by using assembling screws, and placing the assembled sample preparation box on the reaction frame bottom plate for fixing; 3) pouring the prepared soil sample into a sample preparation box, smearing a lubricant on two sides of a compaction hammer of an upper pressing plate, and then installing the upper pressing plate in place; 4) the method comprises the following steps that a jack is placed on an upper pressure plate, the oil pump is used for controlling the jack to apply pressure to the upper pressure plate, a compaction load is transmitted to a compaction hammer of the upper pressure plate through the pressure application plate of the upper pressure plate and a compaction hammer arm compaction hammer of the upper pressure plate, and adjacent steel pipes penetrate through the compaction hammer between the steel pipes to compact the soil sample to a specified compaction degree; 5) repeating the steps 3-5 until the height of the sample is required by design, then pulling out the root penetrating steel pipe, filling the gap at the pipe wall of the root penetrating steel pipe, removing the compaction hammer arm and the compaction hammer to enable the pressurizing plate to be directly contacted with the top surface of the soil sample, and then integrally compacting the surface of the sample to a specified compaction degree; 6) and taking out the compacted root-containing test block, cutting the root exposed at the bottom of the test block along the surface, and cutting the test block into the size required by the experiment.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a root-containing soil is used as a shear strength test piece, and a shear apparatus is used to perform a shear strength test on the root-containing soil test piece.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shearing apparatus includes a horizontal push rod, a shearing box, a dowel bar, a slide seat, a ball chute, a vertical pressure bar, and a computer terminal, the slide seat is slidably mounted on the upper end of the ball chute, the shearing box is fixedly connected to the slide seat, the vertical pressure bar is disposed above the shearing box, one side of the shearing box is connected to the horizontal push rod, the other side of the shearing box is connected to the dowel bar, the horizontal push rod and the dowel bar are arranged in a different axis, and a force sensor is disposed on the dowel bar.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shearing box comprises two symmetrically arranged half boxes, a vertical loading plate is arranged on one half box, each half box comprises a shearing inner box and a shearing outer box which are coaxially arranged, a sample bottom plate is connected in the shearing outer box through a sliding fit of a lifting rod, the shearing inner box is fixedly connected in the vertical loading plate, and the shearing outer box is rotationally and symmetrically arranged with limiting screws which can move along the shearing outer box along the radial direction thereof along the circumferential direction thereof.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the shear inner box corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the test piece for root-containing soil testing.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a positioning bolt for fixing the sample base plate is disposed on the shear housing.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific operation steps comprise: 1) selecting an adaptive shearing inner box according to the size of a root-containing soil detection test piece, and liftingThe height of a sample bottom plate in the lower box is adjusted by a rod, the sample bottom plate is fixed to the designed height by a positioning bolt, two sides of the sample are leveled by a soil trimming knife, and then the sample is moved into a shearing inner box; 2) adjusting the height of a sample bottom plate in an upper box by using a lifting rod to enable the height to be in complete contact with the top surface of a sample, fastening and shearing a limiting screw rod between an inner box and an outer box to enable the inner box and the outer box not to generate relative displacement, and placing a shearing box filled with the sample in a sliding seat; 3) loosening the positioning bolt and locking the lifting rod, setting variable vertical stress on a computer according to different experimental requirements, and accurately applying the variable vertical stress to the top of a sheared sample through an oil pump; 4) the computer controls the oil pump to apply horizontal thrust to push the sliding seat to roll in the ball sliding groove, the shearing starts, the sample is gradually sheared and damaged along with the continuous increase of the horizontal thrust, when the shearing displacement does not increase any more along with the change of time, the horizontal thrust is stopped to be loaded, and the shearing displacement and the stress are automatically collected in real time by the computer; 5) taking out the damaged sample, and repeating the experiment; by the formula
And
accurately calculating the actual shearing area and the shearing stress; wherein S-the area of the shear plane, R-the radius of the shear plane, L-the axial dislocation distance of the upper and lower shear boxes when completely damaged, sigma-the shear surface normal stress, G-the weight of the shear specimen, F-the vertical load of the shear specimen, h1And h2The heights of the test pieces on the upper part and the lower part of the shear plane are respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the improved shear test device has the advantages of simple structure and convenient use, can overcome the defects of the traditional shear test device, and is particularly shown in the following steps: 1) the horizontal shearing force has wide distribution range and can adapt to rock and soil bodies with different strengths. 2) The vertical load applied by the oil pump is controlled by the computer, and the vertical stress can be flexibly adjusted. 3) The size of the shearing test piece is adjustable, the influence caused by the size effect is reduced, and the difficulty of machining and forming the test piece is reduced. 4) The shearing force calculated by the collected data is more accurate by considering the change of the shearing area in the shearing process. 5) The root containing rate of the sample processed by the root containing sample manufacturing device is more uniform, the forming rate is higher, and the integrity of the sample is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the shear box construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the shear box construction of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the shearing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the cartridge of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the compaction apparatus of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The traditional shear test device is reasonably improved, the calculation formula of the shear strength is redefined, and the manufacturing mode and the manufacturing equipment of the sample containing the root soil are designed. The main differences between the improved test device and the traditional shear test device are a redesigned shear box, an enhanced horizontal loading system, an adjustable vertical stress loading system and a dynamic electronic data acquisition system. Meanwhile, a special root-containing sample preparation box and a root-containing sample compacting device are designed.
Fig. 1 and 2 show a redesigned shear box, which comprises a vertical loading plate, a lifting rod, a scale groove, a positioning bolt, a limit screw, a shear plane, a sample bottom plate, a shear groove outer wall, a shear inner box and a shear outer box. The function of the various components of the shear box is described below: the lifting rod supports a sample bottom plate in the shearing outer box, the height of a test piece can be freely adjusted through the lifting of the bottom plate, and the bottom plate can be fixed to the accurate height by a positioning bolt and a scale groove; the shearing inner box is used for fixing a shearing test piece, the shearing inner box consists of an upper part and a lower part which are detachable, the limiting screw is used for fixing the annular shearing inner box, so that relative displacement does not exist between the shearing inner box and the shearing outer box in the whole shearing test process, and the diameter of the test piece can be adjusted by the shearing inner boxes with different inner diameters. In this patent, the adjustable range of test piece height is 50mm to 200mm, and the adjustable range of internal diameter is 20mm to 100 mm.
Fig. 3 shows an integrally arranged shearing device comprising an oil pump, a horizontal push rod, a dowel bar, a slide carriage, a ball chute, a vertical pressurizing rod, a force transducer, a force measuring bracket and a computer terminal. The function of the components of the shearing device is described as follows: after the test piece is installed, loosening the limiting screw and locking the lifting rod before shearing, wherein during shearing, the oil pump is controlled by a computer terminal, pushing the sliding seat to move along the ball sliding groove through the horizontal push rod and collecting axial displacement, and applying vertical load to the sheared test piece through the vertical pressurizing rod and the vertical loading plate and collecting a vertical compression value; the horizontal shearing load on the test piece is transmitted to the force measuring bracket through the dowel bar, and the computer terminal controls the force measuring sensor on the force measuring bracket to measure and acquire the horizontal shearing load in real time.
Fig. 4 shows a sample preparation box containing a root sample, which comprises a compaction hammer arm, a compaction hammer, a root penetrating steel pipe slot, a pressurizing plate and a bottom plate. The function of each component of the sample preparation box is described as follows: the bottom plate of the sample preparation box is provided with a through-root steel pipe slot, the through-root steel pipe slot is internally fixed before sample preparation, a root system penetrates through the through-root steel pipe, compaction load is transmitted to a compaction hammer through a pressurizing plate and a compaction hammer arm, and the compaction hammer between adjacent steel pipes compacts soil samples layer by layer.
Fig. 5 shows a compaction device for root containing samples, including a reaction frame, a jack, a sample preparation box, an assembly screw, a hand oil pump. The function of the components of the compacting apparatus is described below: the sample box is installed in blocks and fixed by assembling screws, the sample box filled with soil is placed on a reaction frame, and a hand-pressed oil pump controls a jack to apply pressure to a pressure plate at the top of the sample preparation box.
By adopting a mathematical analysis method and fully considering the dynamic change of the effective shearing area, an improved calculation formula of the shearing strength can be obtained as follows:
s-area of shear plane, R-radius of shear plane, L-axial dislocation distance of upper and lower shear boxes when completely broken
σ -shear surface normal stress, G-weight of shear specimen, F-vertical load of shear specimen, h1 and h2 are heights of upper and lower parts of shear plane specimen, respectively
It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the sample containing the root soil uses a preparation device of the sample containing the root soil, and comprises a reaction frame (26), a jack (27), an oil pump (30) and a sample preparation box (28), wherein the sample preparation box (28) is fixedly connected in the reaction frame (26), the jack (27) is arranged between the reaction frame (26) and the sample preparation box (28), and the preparation method is characterized in that: the sample preparation box (28) comprises a lower bottom plate (25), side plates (29) and an upper pressing plate (31), wherein the lower bottom plate (25) and the side plates (29) are fixedly connected with each other to form a cavity, the upper pressing plate (31) is installed in the cavity in a sliding fit mode, the cross section of the cavity corresponds to the cross section of the upper pressing plate (31), a plurality of inserting grooves (23) are formed in the lower bottom plate (25), a root penetrating steel pipe (22) is detachably connected into each inserting groove (23), and a through hole for avoiding the root penetrating steel pipe (22) is formed in the upper pressing plate (31); the method comprises the following steps:
1) the lower bottom plate (25) is placed on the flat ground, the root penetrating steel pipes (22) are sequentially inserted into the slots (23) to be fixed, and root systems sequentially penetrate into each root penetrating steel pipe (22);
2) fixing the side panel (29) on the lower bottom plate (25) by using an assembling screw, and placing the assembled sample preparation box on the bottom plate of the reaction frame (26) for fixing;
3) pouring the prepared soil sample into a sample preparation box, smearing lubricant on two sides of a compaction hammer (21) of an upper pressing plate (31), and then installing the upper pressing plate (31) in place;
4) the method comprises the following steps that a jack (27) is placed on an upper pressure plate (31), the oil pump (30) is used for controlling the jack (27) to apply pressure to the upper pressure plate (31), the compaction load is transmitted to a compaction hammer (21) of the upper pressure plate (31) through a pressure plate (24) of the upper pressure plate (31) and a compaction hammer arm (20) of the upper pressure plate (31), and the compaction hammer (21) between adjacent steel pipes penetrating through steel pipes (22) compacts a soil sample to a specified compaction degree;
5) repeating the steps 3) -5) until the height of the sample is required by design, then pulling out the root penetrating steel pipe (22), filling the gap at the pipe wall of the root penetrating steel pipe (22), removing the compaction hammer arm (20) and the compaction hammer (21), enabling the pressure plate (24) to be directly contacted with the top surface of the soil sample, and then integrally compacting the surface of the sample to the specified compaction degree;
6) and taking out the compacted root-containing test block, cutting the root exposed at the bottom of the test block along the surface, and cutting the test block into the size required by the experiment.
2. The method for preparing a sample containing root soil according to claim 1, wherein: the upper pressure plate (31) comprises a pressure plate (24), compaction hammer arms (20) and compaction hammers (21), one ends of the compaction hammer arms (20) are fixedly connected with the pressure plate (24), the other ends of the compaction hammer arms are fixedly connected with the compaction hammers (21), and the distance between the compaction hammers (21) is equal to the diameter of the root penetrating steel pipe (22).
3. A method for detecting the shear strength of a sample containing root soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the root-containing soil prepared by the method for preparing a root-containing soil specimen according to any one of claims 1 or 2 is used as a shear strength test piece, and a shear apparatus is used for carrying out a shear strength test on the root-containing soil test piece.
4. The method for detecting shear strength of a test specimen containing root soil according to claim 3, wherein: a shearing mechanism includes horizontal push rod (12), shearing box, dowel steel (13), slide (14), ball spout (15), vertical pressure bar (16) and computer terminal (19), slide (14) sliding fit install in ball spout (15) upper end, the rigid coupling has on slide (14) the shearing box, the top of shearing the box is provided with vertical pressure bar (16), one side of shearing the box with horizontal push rod (12) are connected, the opposite side with dowel steel (13) are connected, horizontal push rod (12) with dowel steel (13) different axle is arranged, be provided with force cell sensor (17) on dowel steel (13).
5. The method for detecting shear strength of a test specimen containing root soil according to claim 4, wherein: the shearing box comprises two symmetrically arranged half box bodies, a vertical loading plate (1) is arranged on one half box body, each half box body comprises a shearing inner box (9) and a shearing outer box (10) which are coaxially arranged, a sample bottom plate (7) is connected in the shearing outer box (10) in a sliding fit mode through a lifting rod (2), the shearing inner box (9) is fixedly connected in the vertical loading plate (1), and the shearing outer box (10) is symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the shearing outer box (10) and can be provided with limiting screw rods (5) which can move along the radial direction of the shearing outer box.
6. The method for detecting shear strength of a test specimen containing root soil according to claim 5, wherein: the cross section shape of the shearing inner box (9) corresponds to the cross section shape of the root-containing soil detection test piece.
7. The method for detecting shear strength of a test specimen containing root soil according to claim 5, wherein: and a positioning bolt (4) for fixing the sample bottom plate (7) is arranged on the shearing outer box (10).
8. The method for detecting shear strength of a test specimen containing root soil according to claim 3, wherein: the method comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) selecting an adaptive shearing inner box according to the size of a test piece for detecting the root-containing soil, adjusting the height of a sample bottom plate (7) in a lower box by using a lifting rod (2), fixing the sample bottom plate (7) to a designed height by using a positioning bolt (4), flattening two sides of the sample by using a soil trimming cutter, and then moving the sample into a shearing inner box (9);
2) the height of a sample bottom plate (7) in the upper box is adjusted by a lifting rod (2) to be in complete contact with the top surface of a sample, a limit screw (5) between the inner box and the outer box is fastened and cut, so that the inner box and the outer box do not generate relative displacement, the cutting box filled with the sample is placed in a sliding seat (14),
3) loosening the positioning bolt (4) and locking the lifting rod (2), setting variable vertical stress on a computer according to different experimental requirements, and accurately applying the variable vertical stress to the top of a sheared sample through an oil pump;
4) the oil pump is controlled by a computer to apply horizontal thrust to push the sliding seat (14) to roll in the ball sliding groove (15), the shearing starts, the sample is gradually sheared and damaged along with the continuous increase of the horizontal thrust, when the shearing displacement does not increase any more along with the change of time, the horizontal thrust is stopped to be loaded, and the shearing displacement and the stress are automatically collected in real time by the computer;
5) taking out the damaged sample, and repeating the experiment; by the formula
And
accurately calculating the actual shearing area and the shearing stress; wherein S-the area of the shear plane, R-the radius of the shear plane, L-the axial dislocation distance of the upper and lower shear boxes when completely damaged, sigma-the shear surface normal stress, G-the weight of the shear specimen, F-the vertical load of the shear specimen, h1And h2The heights of the test pieces on the upper part and the lower part of the shear plane are respectively.
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| CN109682693A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-04-26 | 沈阳众和检测有限公司 | Architectural vibration-insulation rubber tube tangential displacement test device |
| CN110160890A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-23 | 辽宁科技大学 | A kind of radical operators axial direction shearing strength measuring device and method |
| CN112177064B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-08-17 | 燕山大学 | Shear box device for simulating foundation pit wall soil interface |
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