CN102419284B - Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite - Google Patents
Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite Download PDFInfo
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- CN102419284B CN102419284B CN201110412235.8A CN201110412235A CN102419284B CN 102419284 B CN102419284 B CN 102419284B CN 201110412235 A CN201110412235 A CN 201110412235A CN 102419284 B CN102419284 B CN 102419284B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an assembled variable-dimension sample box suite capable of being used for direct shearing and compression test of geotechnical samples in various dimensions. The assembled variable-dimension sample box suite is composed of at least two sets of sample box rigid components which can be interconnected in a manner of stacking up, wherein each set of sample box rigid component is composed of a plurality of mutually nested sample holding rings; in each two adjacent sample holding rings, an external edge of the internal sample holding ring is jointed with an internal edge of the external sample holding ring, and the internal sample holding ring is axially limited in one way by the external sample holding ring; the outermost sample holding ring in one set of sample box rigid component is provided with a sliding support matched structure, moreover, each sample holding ring of the other set of sample box rigid component is provided with a drainage channel, so that the soil body test can have drainage or have no drainage; in the test, variation of dimension of the sample is realized by increasing or reducing the number of layers of the sample box rigid components and the number of the sample holding rings of the sample box rigid components, the assembled variable-dimension sample box suite is convenient to assemble and detach, and also can be used as a setting out device for various geotechnical test instruments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the laying out apparatus that a kind of indoor and outdoor Rock And Soil staight scissors, compression test use.
Background technology
In Geotechnical Engineering field, the mechanics parameter index of obtaining Rock And Soil in target engineering region by the test approach that is usually absolutely necessary.Mainly by shop experiment, draw at present the mechanical index of Rock And Soil.Shop experiment comprises large and small triaxial test, direct shear test, compression test etc.Shop experiment comprises standard cutting ring sample and large-sized square box sample.These tests are all fixedly under specimen size, sample to be tested, and can not realize the variation in specimen size.
In order to study the size effect of same Rock And Soil sample mechanical index, shearing and the compression test of different size and shape sample can be rolled into one, and can carry out test in the wild, be necessary to develop a set of laying out apparatus that can carry out size change over.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome current laying out apparatus, be only applicable to the deficiency of fixed measure sample, technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite, and it can be used in the laying out apparatus that forms sizes ground sample.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite, described Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite can mutual stacked connection by least two covers sample box stiff member form, every suit sample box stiff member comprises at least two mutually nested dress sample rings, in each adjacent two dress sample rings, the outer rim that is positioned at the dress sample ring of inner side fits with the inner edge that is positioned at the dress sample ring in outside, and the dress sample ring inside being positioned at is positioned at the dress sample annulate shaft in outside to unidirectional spacing.
In described each adjacent two dress sample rings, the dress sample ring outer rim that is positioned at inner side is provided with positioning spigot, and the dress sample ring inner edge that is positioned at outside is provided with and the corresponding locating slot of corresponding positioning spigot.
Described sample box stiff member also comprise one group mate with locating slot fill up part.
Described positioning spigot and/or the locating slot that respectively fills sample ring has four, and the layout that is centrosymmetric.
On each dress sample ring of described wherein another set of sample box stiff member, all offer rhone, when each dress sample ring is nested with setting means, rhone on each dress sample ring forms groove, otherwise wherein has at least two rhones on adjacent dress sample ring mutually to stagger.
In described wherein a set of sample box stiff member, on outermost dress sample ring, be provided with rolling support matching structure.
In the outer rim of the described dress sample ring that is provided with rolling support matching structure, be provided with two fixedly ears.
The described outer rim that is provided with the dress sample ring of rolling support matching structure is square.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: that can realize rock, soil sample straightens footpath, And of Varying Depth, lighter weight, be easy to carry, detachable, can be used as the laying out apparatus of Rock And Soil staight scissors, compression test, also can on other some earthwork test Instruments, promote the use of.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the agent structure schematic diagram of assembled variable dimension direct shearing compression apparatus.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of sample box stiff member (with drainage channels).
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of general sample box stiff member.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the front view of one of them dress sample ring of sample box stiff member in Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is the A-A cut-open view of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the B-B cut-open view of Fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is the front view of one of them dress sample ring of sample box stiff member in Fig. 4.
Figure 10 is the front view of one of them dress sample ring of sample box stiff member in Fig. 4.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of outermost dress sample ring (band ball grooves).
Figure 12 is the C-C cut-open view of Figure 11.
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of force transmitting board (being provided with permeable hole).
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of force transmitting board (without permeable hole).
Figure 15 is the enlarged diagram of filling up part.
Figure 16 is the agent structure schematic diagram of Assembled size-changeable double-face shear apparatus.
In figure, be labeled as, 1-reaction frame, 2-horizontal loading apparatus, 3-vertical loading device, 4-sample box, the upper shear box of 41-, 42-down cut box, shear layer in the middle of 43-, 5-rolling support, 51-rolling support, 52-rolling support, 6-force transmitting board, 11-base plate, 12-column, the vertical reaction plate of 13-, 14-horizontal reacting force post, 15-horizontal reacting force seat, 16-nut, 17-vertical loading device rolling support, 18-steel plate, 19-arm-tie, 20-pin, 40-sample box stiff member, 61-counterbore, 62-permeable hole, 400-dress sample ring 400, the outermost dress sample of 401-ring, 402-positioning spigot, 403-locating slot, 404-fills up part, 405-ball grooves, 406-rhone, 407-is ear fixedly, 408-bolt hole.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Fig. 1～Figure 16, Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of the present invention can mutual stacked connection by least two covers sample box stiff member 40 form, every suit sample box stiff member 40 comprises at least two mutually nested dress sample rings 400, in each adjacent two dress sample rings 400, the outer rim that is positioned at the dress sample ring 400 of inner side fits with the inner edge that is positioned at the dress sample ring 400 in outside, dress sample ring 400 outside dress sample ring 400 inside being positioned at is positioned at is axially unidirectional spacing, after outermost dress sample ring 401 is mutually permanently connected, the dress sample ring 400 of inner side is because of this axial unidirectional is spacingly also fixed simultaneously.
The present invention mainly makes in order to become easily the ground shearing compression test of specimen size.The intracavity section shape of dress sample ring 400 is generally circular or square that cross-sectional area equates, thereby sample that can the long-pending different cross section shape of equal cross section is tested.A sample box when Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of the present invention can be used as ground compression test; Sample box when two Assembled variable-dimension sample box suites of the present invention can be used as single shear testing, now one is used as upper shear box, and another uses as down cut box; Sample box when three Assembled variable-dimension sample box suites of the present invention can be used as dual shear test, now one is used as upper shear box, and another uses as down cut box, and the middle shear layer of a remaining conduct is used.
As required, in described wherein a set of sample box stiff member 40, on outermost dress sample ring 401, be provided with rolling support matching structure.Described rolling support matching structure is according to the different needs that form upper shear box 41, down cut box 42 or middle shear layer 43, can be that bottom surface, end face or end face and the bottom surface that is only arranged on outermost dress sample ring 401 in a set of sample box stiff member 40 all arranges, the make progress end face of the not limited side of its inner side dress sample ring of alleged end face spindle, the make progress end face of the limited side of its inner side dress sample ring of alleged bottom surface spindle.For example, as the rolling support matching structure of wherein a set of sample box stiff member 40 of the Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of down cut box 42, be arranged on the end face when respectively filling sample ring 400 and can mutually nestedly support, as the rolling support matching structure of wherein a set of sample box stiff member 40 of the Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of upper shear box 41, be arranged on the bottom surface when respectively filling sample ring 400 and can mutually nestedly support, end face and bottom surface as wherein a set of sample box stiff member 40 of the Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of middle shear layer 43 all arrange rolling support matching structure, and the bottom surface of another set of sample box stiff member 40 arranges rolling support matching structure, to meet when changing to the thinnest shear layer, can do double shear tangent plane shear test.
As shown in Fig. 1～Figure 15, certain staight scissors compressometer comprises reaction frame 1, sample box 4 and is connected with reaction frame 1 and is arranged on horizontal loading apparatus 2, the vertical loading device 3 between reaction frame 1 and sample box 4, described sample box 4 comprise shear box 41, down cut box 42 and be arranged on shear box 41 and down cut box 42 between rolling support 5, in the middle of described upper shear box 41, down cut box 42, shear layers all adopt Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of the present invention.
Described Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite can mutual stacked connection by least two covers sample box stiff member 40 form, be for During Geotechnical Tests standard in the requirement of sample ratio of height to diameter adapt, each dress sample ring 400 in sample box stiff member 40 has identical thickness, the sample box stiff member 40 that respectively overlaps that forms same set of Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite also has identical thickness, when sample box stiff member 40 is when the dress sample ring 400 of inner side varies in size, corresponding the changing of cross-sectional area of its inner chamber, Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite comprises can mutual stacked connection the number of plies of sample box stiff member 40 also can correspondingly adjust, be the sectional area of laying out apparatus and highly all capable of regulating variations, just can make sample box 4 and the sample of different size match, thereby the shear test by same staight scissors compressometer for different size sample.
From testing requirements, conventionally upper shear box 41, down cut box 42 each sample box stiff members 40 by identical tricks form, to guarantee that shear surface is positioned at sample center, and upper shear box 41, down cut box 42, that one deck that middle shear layer 43 is relative should be used that cover sample box stiff member 40 that is provided with rolling support matching structure on outermost dress sample ring 401, to facilitate, rolling support 5 or rolling support 51,52 are installed.In addition, conventionally requiring to fill sample ring 400 in each layer has higher right alignment, with warranty test precision.
In addition, the dress sample ring 400 intracavity section shapes of sample box stiff member 40 preferably or be circle, or are square, are preferably each compressometer and are equipped with circular hole sample box stiff member 40 and square hole sample box stiff member 40 each some covers.
As previously mentioned, Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of the present invention also can be applied when ground uniaxial compression is tested, now, only use down cut box 42 and do not need shear box 41 and middle shear layer 43, its using method is: sample is put into down cut box 42, at sample top, put lastblock force transmitting board 6, vertical loading device forces on force transmitting board 6 until sample destruction.Because down cut box 42 adopts Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite, same reason, can the uniaxial compression test for different size sample by same staight scissors compressometer.
As shown in Fig. 4～Figure 10, because all connect by the outermost sample ring 401 that respectively fills during stacked installation, therefore in each adjacent two dress sample rings 400, dress sample ring 400 outer rims that are positioned at inner side are provided with positioning spigot 402, dress sample ring 400 inner edges that are positioned at outside are provided with and the corresponding locating slot 403 of corresponding positioning spigot 402, to reduce the requirement on machining accuracy of dress sample ring 400, guarantee respectively to fill in sample box stiff member 40 right alignment of sample ring, and then avoid levels that sample eccentric so that pack into occurs between the dress sample ring 400 of same radial position not meeting testing requirements.When dress sample ring 400 is annulus, preferably there are positioning spigot 402 and locating slot 403, if when dress sample ring 400 is square loop, positioning spigot 402 and locating slot 403 can be set.
As shown in Fig. 4～Figure 10 and Figure 15, now, for the complete Pass Test requirement of sample that guarantees to pack into, improve test accuracy, described sample box stiff member 40 also comprise one group mate with locating slot 403 fill up part 404, in order to reduce the quantity of filling up part 404, in described each cavity ring, should adopt equal number and shape and big or small also identical locating slot 403.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, in order to realize draining shearing or undrained shear, can will on each dress sample ring 400 of described wherein a set of sample box stiff member 40, all offer rhone 406, when each dress sample ring 400 is nested with setting means, each rhone 406 is interconnected, can be used for draining shears, when nested with the alternate manner beyond setting means, rhone 406 at least two adjacent dress sample rings 400 is wherein staggered mutually, as long as there is rhone 406 on two adjacent dress sample rings 400 wherein mutually to stagger, just can make rhone 406 sealings.While if desired doing maximum sized undrained shear test, the sample box stiff member 40 that any one deck is not provided with to rhone is placed in the bottommost of down cut box 42.In order to facilitate setting means that differentiation can draining and other nested mode, described in decision design, respectively filling the positioning spigot 402 of sample ring 400 and/or locating slot 403 has not same radially at least two, locating slot 403 couplings of a certain positioning spigot 402 and diverse location, can realize the nested of diverse location.
As shown in Fig. 4～Figure 10, the positioning spigot 402 and/or the locating slot 403 that respectively fill sample ring 400 described in preferably have four, and the layout that is centrosymmetric, and the dress sample ring 400 of symmetrical structure is conducive to improve packaging efficiency, and has facilitated the setting of rhone 406.Now, the quantity of filling up part 404 of corresponding every cover sample box stiff member 40 is also four, and now, when designing and arranging tank 406 is communicated with, two mutual out of plumb of straight line at place can realize draining and undrained shear can share same set of sample box stiff member 40.
When Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of the present invention is used as down cut box 42, it should be noted that, that cover sample box stiff member 40 that is provided with rhone 406 should not be that cover sample box stiff member 40 that is provided with rolling support matching structure, to improve versatility, because that cover sample box stiff member 40 that is provided with rhone 406 must be positioned at the bottom of down cut box 42, and the face at rhone 406 places is positioned at bottommost.
For double shear face staight scissors compressometer, as shown in figure 16, its sample box 4 comprise shear box 41, down cut box 42 and be arranged on shear box 41 and down cut box 42 between middle shear layer 43, between middle shear layer 43 and upper shear box 41, down cut box 42, be respectively arranged with rolling support 51,52, middle shear layer 43 also can adopt Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of the present invention.The sample box stiff member 40 that respectively overlaps that is used as the Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of middle shear layer 43 does not all need to arrange rhone 406.
As shown in Figure 1, while doing simple shear face shear test, in order to facilitate horizontal loading apparatus 2 to act on upper shear box 41, the described outer rim that is provided with the dress sample ring 401 of rolling support matching structure is square, and in outer rim, be provided with two fixedly ears 407, two groups in upper and lower correspondence are fixedly inserted register pin in ear 407, to belonging to upper shear box 41, two groups of sample box stiff members 40 of down cut box 42 carry out radial location, guarantee right alignment, guarantee that specimen size meets testing requirements, improve test accuracy, fixedly ear 407 is preferably centrosymmetric two that arrange with respect to sample axial line, so that assembling.
In addition, also can by this fixedly ear 407 down cut box 42 is connected to fixedly down cut box 42 (during simple shear face shear test) or upper shear box 41 and down cut box 42 (during double shear face shear test) with reaction frame 1.Same reason, if assembling is for the shear box 4 of double shear face shear test, for forming the sample box stiff member 40 that respectively overlaps of its middle shear layer 43, the fixedly ear 407 matching with upper shear box 41, down cut box 42 is preferably also set in the outer rim of its outermost dress sample ring 401, make in the middle of it shear layer 43 can with upper shear box 41, the equal radial location of down cut box 42, after sample to be installed completes, take off register pin.
For convenience of respectively overlapping the stacked connection of sample box stiff member 40 by what form Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite, the outermost that can overlap sample box stiff member 40 fills on sample ring 400 and processes pin-and-hole or bolt hole 408 at each, by pin or bolt, connect the stacked sample box stiff member 40 that respectively overlaps, now it should be noted that pin-and-hole or the bolt hole 408 on that cover sample box stiff member 40 that is provided with rolling support matching structure should be processed as blind hole.
When needs are sheared for draining, described force transmitting board 6 is for being laid with the porous disc of permeable hole 62.In practice, preferably respectively configure one group of waterproof steel plate and permeable steel plate as force transmitting board 6.
For eliminating the impact of sliding friction on test findings between upper and lower shear box, need between the relative surface of upper and lower shear box, rolling support 5 be set, the general steel ball that adopts of described rolling support 5, therefore, structure described and rolling support 5 couplings is generally two row ball grooves 405 parallel and that arrange with respect to the Central Symmetry that fills sample ring 400.
Shear test conventionally requires to using the xsect of sample middle as shear surface, when laying out apparatus capable of regulating, obviously, relative position between laying out apparatus and horizontal loading apparatus 2 need to be adjusted accordingly, now, can adjust by adding below laying out apparatus the mode of cushion block adjusts, also can adjust by adjusting the mode of the vertical height of horizontal loading apparatus 2, in order to alleviate the weight of equipment set, preferably, a kind of mode is adjusted, as shown in Figure 1, described reaction frame 1 comprises base plate 11, vertical reaction plate 13, the column 12 of horizontal reacting force post 14 and four rectangular distribution, column 12 and horizontal reacting force post 14 are screw mandrel, base plate 11 is parallel to each other with vertical reaction plate 13 and is vertical with each column 12 and be fixed on each column 12 by nut 16, horizontal reacting force seat 15 has been threaded on horizontal reacting force post 14, the stiff end of horizontal loading apparatus 2 contacts with horizontal reacting force seat 15.
Embodiment mono-:
As shown in Fig. 1～Figure 15, apply the assembled variable dimension direct shearing compression apparatus of Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of the present invention, it has comprised the standard size of laboratory direct shear test, is being provided with artificially after shear surface, can apply several grades vertical loads to sample and shear or compression test.
First utilize the steel plate of 2.5cm thickness, 1. making be numbered～eight cover sample box stiff members 40 8., for forming the thickness of the sample box stiff member 40 of upper shear box 41 or down cut box 42, be 2.5cm, every cover sample box stiff member 40 is comprised of four concentric steel loops, wherein outermost one deck steel loop outer rim is square, length of side 27cm, thereby inner take its centre of form and as the center of circle, drawn the cylinder that diameter is 20cm and form a cavity ring one, in cavity ring one, be provided with bolt hole 408, and then be an external diameter 20cm, the cavity ring two of internal diameter 15cm, by square steel loop, institute is nested, then this encircles a nested external diameter 15cm, the cavity ring three of internal diameter 10cm, three nested external diameter 10cm of cavity ring, the cavity ring four of internal diameter diameter 6.18cm, for realizing the axial unidirectional spacing of each ring, so that fixing, respectively fill sample ring, avoid the contraposition that relatively moves and facilitate rhone in shear history between each ring, the upper relative set positioning spigot 402 of each ring and locating slot 403, locating slot 403 is located on end face, thereby realize relative positioning.In addition, make respectively one group of permeable and fluid-tight force transmitting board 6, every group of force transmitting board 6 has four blocks of plates, is plectane, and diameter is respectively 20cm, 15cm, 10cm, 6.18cm.
If respectively overlap dress sample ring 400 intracavity sections of sample box stiff member 40, be shaped as square, corresponding cavity ring one is outer rim length of side 27cm, " returning " shape ring of inner edge length of side 17.72cm, cavity ring two is outer rim length of side 17.72cm, " returning " shape ring of inner edge length of side 13.29cm, cavity ring three is outer rim length of side 13.29cm, " returning " shape ring of inner edge length of side 8.86cm, cavity ring four is outer rim length of side 8.86cm, " returning " shape ring of inner edge length of side 5.475cm, be that the sectional area of square sample is suitable with the sectional area of right cylinder sample, permeable or fluid-tight force transmitting board 6 is square plate accordingly, the length of side is respectively 17.72cm, 13.29cm, 8.86cm, 5.475cm.
The radial dimension that sample box stiff member 40 is realized sample by nested mode changes, each fills sample ring 400 can mutually nested support and interconnecting and fixing by outermost layer dress sample ring 401, when not assembling cavity ring four, each locating slot 403 of the cavity ring of inner side is interior correspondingly fills up to fill up part 404, in order to avoid dress during sample sample clamp-on in locating slot 403, thereby guarantee that specimen size is accurate.
Some sample box stiff member 40 local structure is slightly different:
Be numbered and in the cavity ring one of sample box stiff member 40 4., be provided with symmetrical fixedly ear 407, and be provided with ball grooves 405 in its bottom surface;
Be numbered and in the cavity ring one of sample box stiff member 40 5., be provided with symmetrical fixedly ear 407, and be provided with ball grooves 405 at its end face;
Each cavity ring bottom surface that is numbered sample box stiff member 40 is 8. carved with four rhones 406 symmetrically.When the rhone 406 rotation alignment of four cavity ring of this layer, sample can be realized bottom surface draining and shear; After any ring is rotary shifted, drainage channel is closed, and sample is realized undrained shear.
By shear box 41 in the stacked fixedly formation of sample box stiff member 40 being numbered 1., 2., 3., 4., be numbered the stacked fixedly formation of sample box stiff member 40 down cut box 42 5., 6., 7., 8..
Four angle points and the four limit mid points of the cavity ring one of every layer of sample box stiff member 40 are all drilled with bolt hole 408, thereby can with the bolt of certain length, the sample box stiff member 40 of certain tricks are fixed together and realize sample variation in height easily.
For realizing the movement of vertical loading device 3 in the vertical directions, four root posts 12 on reaction frame 1 adopt four rhizoid bars, it is fixing that itself and vertical reaction plate 13, base plate 11 1 are reinstated nut 16, can realize so vertical reaction plate 13 in the location at column 12 arbitrary height places.
As shown in Fig. 1～Figure 15, described assembled variable dimension direct shearing compression apparatus comprises by vertical reaction plate 13, four and is the reaction frame 1 that column 12, base plate 11, horizontal reacting force post 14, horizontal reacting force baffle plate 15 and some nuts 16 of square profile form, upper shear box 41 and down cut box 42 and the counter force system being comprised of vertical loading device 3, horizontal loading apparatus 2 and vertical loading device rolling support 17.The height of upper shear box 41 and down cut box 42 by the tricks of each self-contained sample box stiff member 40 in other words the number of plies determine, each is capable of being combined goes out 2.5cm, 5cm, 7.5cm, tetra-height of 10cm.It should be noted that, 4. number sample box stiff member 40 in upper shear box 41 must be placed on bottom, because which is provided with ball grooves 405,5. number sample box stiff member 40 in down cut box 42 must be placed on top simultaneously, on it, be provided with equally ball grooves 405,8. number sample box stiff member 40 in down cut box 42 must be placed on bottom, because which is provided with rhone 406.When the sample that need be 5cm to specimen height carries out draining shearing, upper shear box 41 only has 4. number sample box stiff member 40, down cut box 42 should by 5. 8. number sample box stiff member 40 be fixed together, and at the 8. interior installation diameter of cavity ring four of number sample box stiff member 40, be 6.18cm, highly for the permeable stone of 2.5cm is to realize draining.
During on-test, first assemble instrument.Column 12, horizontal reacting force post 14 use nuts 16 are fixed together with base plate 11, the down cut box having assembled according to the sample blade diameter length ratio of standard defined 42 and base plate 11 use bolts are fixed together, then in the ball grooves 405 of 5. number sample box stiff member 40, put into the appropriate steel ball after lubricated as rolling support 5, upper shear box 41 left-hand threads that are connected equally, on down cut box 42, are noticed to steel ball should embed in the closed guide slot of upper and lower ball grooves 405 formation.For avoiding left-hand thread upper and lower shear box together ball row along shear surface when filling sample to slide, as shown in Figure 3, near shear surface 4., 5. in the fixedly ear 407 in the cavity ring one of number sample box stiff member 40, insert pin, upper and lower shear box is fixed, after dress sample, extracted out pin.
After sample filling, depending on the draining of test, whether at sample top, install the permeable or fluid-tight force transmitting board 6 of corresponding size additional.Vertical reaction plate 13 use nuts are fixed on position suitable on column 12 and it is adjusted into horizontality as far as possible.After the steel ball that is carved with two block plates of ball grooves and lubricated is assembled into vertical loading device rolling support 17, be placed between vertical loading device 3 and vertical reaction plate 13, allow vertical loading device 3 a little to can interfixing between lower floor's steel plate of itself and vertical loading device rolling support 17 after the sample application of force.Horizontal loading apparatus 2 is placed on the bearing made from certain thickness plancon, its rear end contacts with horizontal reacting force seat 15, horizontal reacting force seat 15 is threaded with horizontal reacting force post 14, thereby the height of capable of regulating horizontal loading apparatus 2, the front end of horizontal loading apparatus 2 contacts with the 4. number sample box stiff member 40 of upper shear box 41 near shear surface, the moment of torsion to shear surface as far as possible while reducing the horizontal application of force.
On upper shear box 41, install and measure machinery or the digital display dial gauge of sample level and vertical deformation.Apply certain lateral pressure and can carry out shear test.By < < earthwork test rule > >, carry out quick shear test, consolidated quick shear test, slow shear test.Every group of test should be prepared 4 to 5 samples, and its density difference must not be greater than 0.03g/cm
3, water percentage difference must not be greater than 1%.Under different pressures, test, pressure at right angles at different levels are differential roughly the same.The staight scissors mode of operation of the direct shear test of soft rock and soil sample is roughly the same, just in process of the test, does not need draining.
During soil sample compression test, press < < earthwork test rule > > regulation, this instrument is applicable to the coarse-grained soil that maximum particle diameter is 2.5cm, and now specimen finish should be 20cm, highly should be 10cm.Also can test the sample of other sizes, but corresponding sample maximum particle diameter should reduce by standard is corresponding.The undisturbed that is other great soil groups by this standard equally or disturbance sample carry out sample preparation test.
Clock gauge is installed and is measured the vertical distortion of sample.Apply lateral pressures at different levels, establishing the maximum actual pressure of soil layer is 200m level earth and rockfill dam, and maximum lateral pressure is 4MPa left and right, and the afterbody pressure that test applies is 4200KPa left and right.Pressure rating is generally 50,100,200,400,800,1600,3200,4200KPa, and now the specified load capability of the minimum of vertical loading device 3 is 15 tons.
During Rock Under Uniaxial Compression compression test, according to test specification, rock sample standard size is the cylinder of diameter 5cm, high 10cm.Dress sampling device now need to form down cut box 42 by quadruplet sample box stiff member 40, and each grip assembly not need external diameter be the cavity ring four of 10cm.Sample is put into down cut box 42, adjust the position of vertical reaction plate 13 and vertical loading device 3 simultaneously according to aforementioned operation, note now no longer needing vertical loading device rolling support 17, an available block plate replaces.Sillar collapses bullet wound people when avoiding sample to destroy, and at sample, can install a special protective cover additional around.At sample top, put the force transmitting board 6 that size is mated with specimen finish, vertical loading device 3 forces on force transmitting board 6 until sample destruction.Because rock sample breakdown strength is many more than 100MPa, so now vertical loading device 3 used should at least can provide the load of 30 tons.
Embodiment bis-:
As shown in Fig. 2～Figure 16, apply the Assembled size-changeable double-face shear apparatus of Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of the present invention, it has comprised the standard size of laboratory direct shear test, can apply several grades vertical loads to sample and carry out double shear face shear test.
This Assembled size-changeable double-face shear apparatus is on the basis of the assembled variable dimension direct shearing compression apparatus of embodiment mono-, increases a set of Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite as middle shear layer 43.This cover Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite comprises that 4 covers are highly the sample box stiff member 40 of 2cm, and 9. 10. the numbering of this 4 cover sample box stiff member 40 is respectively
the basic configuration of the dress sample ring that this 4 cover sample box stiff member 40 comprises, size are with identical for forming the sample box stiff member 40 of upper shear box 41 or down cut box 42, but because this quadruplet stiff member need be fixed as one, so its same position on self two limit is all provided with fixedly ear, so that when test is with bolt anchoring together, and wherein 9. number and 10. the local structure of number sample box stiff member 40 have difference:
The 9. end face and the bottom surface of the outermost dress sample ring 401 of number sample box stiff member 40 be all provided with ball grooves 405, and be provided with fixedly ear 407;
The 10. the bottom surface of the outermost dress sample ring 401 of number sample box stiff member 40 be provided with ball grooves 405, and be provided with fixedly ear 407.
When middle shear layer is only by one deck sample box stiff member 40, such as only when 9. forming, 9. number stiff member upper and lower surface all needs to establish ball grooves 405.
Take below and carry out 2cm shear layer double shear face shear test and be further described as example.
During on-test, first assemble instrument.Together with column 12, horizontal reacting force post 14 use nuts 16 are anchored at base plate 11, according to the sample blade diameter length ratio of standard defined, the down cut box 42 of the required number of plies, together with base plate 11 use bolt anchorings, is then put into appropriate steel ball after lubricated in the ball grooves 405 of 5. number sample box stiff member 40.Then 9. number sample box stiff member 40 is buckled on down cut box 42, notes the contraposition between ball grooves 405.Then in the upper spheres groove 405 of 9. number sample box stiff member 40, put into ball, upper shear box 41 left-hand threads that anchoring is good get on, and note the contraposition of ball grooves 405.
For avoiding left-hand thread upper and lower shear box together ball row along shear surface when filling sample to slide, as shown in figure 11, near shear surface 4., 5., 9. on the dress sample ring 401 of number sample box stiff member 40, be respectively provided with two fixedly ears 407, as long as insert fixedly and just shear box 4 can be fixed in ear 407 with a pin, extract pin out after dress sample.
During dress sample, due to the singularity of apparatus structure, except the sample of diameter 6.18cm, during other diameter specimen dress samples, every layer after packaging the cavity ring that aimed dia is corresponding, should be squeezed in groove by sample when filling up part 404 locating slot reserving 403 is filled up in order to avoid fills sample.
As shown in figure 16, after sample filling, at the trial, upper shear box 41 is fixed with down cut box 42.Down cut box 42 conventionally by bolt anchoring on base plate 11,41 of upper shear boxs are connected and fixed by fixedly ear 407 and four root posts 12 on four groups of arm-ties 19, pin 20 and upper shear box 41.Adjust the position of horizontal reacting force seat 15 on horizontal reacting force post 14, make the front end of horizontal loading apparatus withstand on the 9. side of the dress sample ring 401 of number sample box stiff member 40, rear end contacts with horizontal reacting force seat 15.Depending on the draining of test, whether at sample top, install the permeable or waterproof force transmitting board 6 of corresponding size additional.Vertical reaction plate 13 use nuts 16 are fixed on to position suitable on column 12 and are adjusted into horizontality as far as possible, between vertical loading device 3 and vertical reaction plate 13, install a block plate additional, between vertical loading device 3 and upper shear box 41, contact and vertical loading device 3 is fixing after the application of force a little.
On middle shear layer 43, install and measure machinery or the digital display dial gauge of sample level and vertical deformation.Apply certain lateral pressure and can carry out shear test by < < earthwork test rule > >.
In addition, also can assemble the middle shear layer 43 that is highly respectively 4cm, 6cm, 8cm, when middle shear layer 43 is assembled by several layers of sample box stiff member 40, guarantee 9., 10. number sample box stiff member 40 its upper and lower two ends that are placed in, to align with the ball grooves 405 of upper shear box 41, down cut box 42.
Except above two embodiment, Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite of the present invention can also be applied in other some earthwork test Instruments, be mainly used in forming its supporting laying out apparatus, according to the setting-out needs of concrete test, can be similar to the rhone recorded in this instructions, the fixing additional structure of ear etc. to Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite apposition of the present invention, to adapt to its concrete application occasion.
Claims (7)
1. Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite, it is characterized in that: the sample box stiff member (40) that described Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite can mutual stacked connection by least two covers forms, every suit sample box stiff member (40) comprises at least two mutually nested dress sample rings (400), in each adjacent two dress sample rings (400), the outer rim that is positioned at the dress sample ring (400) of inner side fits with the inner edge that is positioned at the dress sample ring (400) in outside, dress sample ring (400) outside dress sample ring (400) inside being positioned at is positioned at is axially unidirectional spacing, wherein on each dress sample ring (400) of a set of described sample box stiff member (40), all offer rhone (406), when each dress sample ring (400) is nested with setting means, rhone (406) on each dress sample ring (400) forms groove, otherwise wherein have at least two rhones (406) on adjacent dress sample ring (400) mutually to stagger.
2. Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described each adjacent two dress sample rings (400), dress sample ring (400) outer rim that is positioned at inner side is provided with positioning spigot (402), and dress sample ring (400) inner edge that is positioned at outside is provided with and the corresponding locating slot (403) of corresponding positioning spigot (402).
3. Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described sample box stiff member (40) also comprise one group mate with locating slot (403) fill up part (404).
4. Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described positioning spigot (402) and/or the locating slot (403) that respectively fills sample ring (400) has four, and the layout that is centrosymmetric.
5. the Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite as described in any one claim in claim 1～4, is characterized in that: in described wherein a set of sample box stiff member (40), on outermost dress sample ring (401), be provided with rolling support matching structure.
6. Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: described in be provided with in the outer rim of dress sample ring (401) of rolling support matching structure and be provided with two fixedly ears (407).
7. Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: described in be provided with the dress sample ring (401) of rolling support matching structure outer rim be square.
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| CN201110412235.8A CN102419284B (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2011-12-12 | Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite |
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| CN201110412235.8A CN102419284B (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2011-12-12 | Assembled variable-dimension sample box suite |
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| CN102419284B true CN102419284B (en) | 2014-04-02 |
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| CN107121340A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-09-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Reverse pressure testing device for check valve |
| CN105606466B (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-12-22 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of multi-functional shear box for analog material structure face direct shear test |
| CN106017792A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-10-12 | 合肥学院 | Simple device for simultaneous calibration of three earth pressure boxes |
| CN106353178B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2019-02-15 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | A kind of Gleeble loading tool being less than graphite flake and tantalum piece radius suitable for radius of specimen |
| CN107389466B (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2023-12-05 | 王美兰 | Test equipment |
| CN108287116B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-05-29 | 浙江科技学院 | Stepless adjustable shearing box assembling method suitable for multi-size structural plane |
| CN108760510B (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2021-01-05 | 郑州大学 | Concrete biaxial strength measuring device and measuring method |
| CN110608676B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-10-26 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Shear displacement measurement method, shear displacement measurement module and multi-parameter combined monitoring system |
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