CN107385670B - 一种过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯 - Google Patents
一种过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域，具体公开了一种过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，包括毯体、设于毯体上的烟气吸附涂层，所述莫来石纤维灭火毯由毯体在烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸渍后干燥而成，所述毯体由改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维编织而成，改性莫来石纤维由莫来石粉体、氧化铝、氧化锌、硅烷偶联剂、聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯‑甲基丙烯酸‑2‑乙基己酯、二甲基硅醇、二月硅酸酯、磷酸铝粘结剂、水制成。烟气吸附涂层的料液经由马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉、纳米锆溶胶、水制成。本发明的莫来石纤维灭火毯可以有效过滤烟雾，帮助火场中人员安全逃生，同时具有良好的耐火防护效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域，具体涉及一种过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯。
背景技术
灭火毯也称消防被、灭火被，是由玻璃纤维等材料经过特殊处理编织而成的织物，能起到隔离热源及火焰的作用。尤其是发生火灾时，可以将灭火毯披盖在自己身体或包裹住被救对象的身体迅速逃离火场、防止着火，可以大大减少被烧伤的危险，为自救或安全疏散人群提供了很好的帮助。但是灭火毯的过滤烟气颗粒的性能一般，尤其是披盖灭火毯逃生时将其捂住口鼻，容易使烟气进入呼吸系统内，造成身体伤害，降低灭火毯的逃生使用效果。
中国专利2011100905452，专利名称一种氧化锆纤维隔热毯，申请日期2011年4月12日，公开了一种包括依次设有阻燃布层、耐热不锈钢网层、玻璃纤维布层、玻璃纤维密集层、硅酸铝纤维层、多晶氧化铝纤维与氧化锆混合层、氧化锆纤维层的氧化锆纤维隔热毯，便于固定安装、方便拆卸，但是过滤烟气的效果一般。
发明内容
针对灭火毯的过滤烟气性能一般而影响逃生使用效果的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，可以有效过滤烟雾颗粒，帮助火场中人员安全逃生，同时具有良好的耐火防护效果。
本发明提供如下的技术方案：
一种过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，所述莫来石纤维灭火毯包括毯体、设于毯体上的烟气吸附涂层，所述莫来石纤维灭火毯由毯体在烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸渍后干燥而成，所述毯体由改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维编织而成。
作为本发明的一种改进，改性莫来石纤维由以下重量份的组份制备而成：莫来石粉体100～120份、氧化铝8～13份、氧化锌5～9份、硅烷偶联剂3～6份、聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯15～20份、二甲基硅醇1～3份、二月硅酸酯0.6～1.0份、磷酸铝粘结剂4～8份、水200～300份。
作为本发明的一种改进，所述硅烷偶联剂为氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷或二乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种。
作为本发明的一种改进，改性莫来石纤维经以下过程制备而成：（1）向水中加入莫来石粉体、氧化铝、氧化锌、磷酸铝粘结剂制成悬浮浆液；（2）添加磷酸调节悬浮浆液的pH值至4～6，并加热至40～50℃保持16～24小时，过滤得滤液；（3）滤液中加入硅烷偶联剂、聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、二甲基硅醇、二月硅酸酯，搅匀后放置3～8小时得混合浆液；（4）将混合浆液加热至220～280℃得到熔融料液，然后置于纺丝装置中纺丝得到改性莫来石纤维。
作为本发明的一种改进，烟气吸附涂层的料液经以下过程制备而成：分别研磨马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉后经600～1000目筛网过筛，将重量份的马尾藻炭化物24～30份、分子筛活化粉12～15份与纳米锆溶胶10～16份、水200～300份混匀制成烟气吸附涂层的料液。
作为本发明的一种改进，马尾藻炭化物经以下过程制备而成：将干燥的马尾藻碾碎成粉末，置于持续通入氮气的马弗炉中以2～4℃/min的速率升温至300～400℃，保温2～5小时，然后将马弗炉置于真空状态，以8～10℃/min的速率升温至600～700 ℃，保温2～3小时，自然冷却后取出即得马尾藻炭化物。
作为本发明的一种改进，莫来石纤维灭火毯的制备过程如下：将改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维按重量比为100:13～21编织成毯体，将毯体置于20～30℃的烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸泡4～7小时，并通入40～60 mL/min的空气，然后置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，得到莫来石纤维灭火毯。
作为本发明的一种改进，通风速率为3～6m/s，各保温阶段的温度分别为：300℃/60～90分钟、500℃/2～4小时、700℃/60～90分钟，然后自然降温。
本发明的过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯以改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维编织的毯体为载体，经烟气吸附涂层的料液浸渍干燥后制成。首先改性莫来石纤维以莫来石粉体、氧化铝与氧化锌复合为耐火材料，耐火性能高，同时添加聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯进行改性增强吸附烟雾颗粒的性能。聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯在氧化锌作用下与高岭土粉体充分混匀，并在硅烷偶联剂的作用下在高岭土粉体表面形成交联网状层结构，具有负值的吸附自由能，对烟雾颗粒具有较大的吸附能力，起到良好的烟气过滤。二甲基硅醇与硅烷偶联剂在二月硅酸酯的催化作用下经物理混合形成有机硅交联树脂，强化聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯的交联网状层结构，提高吸附性能。将改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维共同编织成毯体，提高毯体对烟雾颗粒的吸附能力。其次将毯体在烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸泡后形成烟气吸附涂层，烟气吸附涂层中的马尾藻炭化物经高温隔氧炭化后形成大量的吸附孔结构，可有效吸附烟雾颗粒，并由分子筛粉末强化吸附效果，使本发明的莫来石纤维灭火毯有效过滤烟雾，帮助火场中人员安全逃生，并有良好的耐火防护效果。
本发明的有益效果如下：
本发明的莫来石纤维灭火毯可以有效过滤烟雾，帮助火场中人员安全逃生，同时具有良好的耐火防护效果。
具体实施方式
下面就本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。
如无特别说明，本发明中所采用的原料均可从市场上购得或是本领域常用的，如无特别说明，下述实施例中的方法均为本领域的常规方法。
实施例1
一种过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，包括毯体、设于毯体上的烟气吸附涂层，莫来石纤维灭火毯由毯体在烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸渍后干燥而成，而毯体由改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维编织而成。
改性莫来石纤维优选经以下过程制备而成：（1）向200g的水中加入莫来石粉体100g、氧化铝8g、氧化锌5g、磷酸铝粘结剂4g制成悬浮浆液，优选使用600℃煅烧2小时后经800目的筛网过筛后的莫来石粉体；（2）添加磷酸调节悬浮浆液的pH值至4，并加热至40℃保持16小时，过滤得滤液；（3）向滤液中加入硅烷偶联剂3g、聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯15g、二甲基硅醇1g、二月硅酸酯0.6g搅匀后放置3小时得混合浆液，硅烷偶联剂优选为氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷；（4）将混合浆液加热至220℃得到熔融料液，然后置于纺丝装置中以160m/mim的速率纺丝得到改性莫来石纤维。
烟气吸附涂层的料液优选经以下过程制备而成：分别研磨马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉后由700目筛网过筛，将马尾藻炭化物24g、分子筛活化粉12g与纳米锆溶胶10g、水200g混匀制成烟气吸附涂层的料液。马尾藻炭化物优选的制备过程如下：将干燥的马尾藻碾成粉末，置于持续通入氮气的马弗炉中以2℃/min的速率升温至300℃，保温2小时，然后将马弗炉置于真空状态，以8℃/min的速率升温至600℃，保温2小时，自然冷却即得马尾藻炭化物。
莫来石纤维灭火毯优选的制备过程如下：将改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维按重量比为100:13编织成毯体，将毯体置于20℃的烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸泡4小时，并通入40mL/min的空气，然后置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，通风速率为3m/s，各保温阶段的温度分别为：300℃/60分钟、500℃/2小时、700℃/60分钟，然后自然降温得到莫来石纤维灭火毯。
由上述方法制备的莫来石纤维灭火毯对不同粒径的烟气颗粒的过滤效率分别为：0.8～1.2 µm颗粒为97.8%、0.4～0.8µm的颗粒为83%、0.2～0.4µm的颗粒为26%，0.1～0.2µm的颗粒为38%、小于0.1µm的颗粒为52%，烟气过滤效果好。
实施例2
一种过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，包括毯体、设于毯体上的烟气吸附涂层，莫来石纤维灭火毯由毯体在烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸渍后干燥而成，而毯体由改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维编织而成。
改性莫来石纤维优选经以下过程制备而成：（1）向250g的水中加入莫来石粉体110g、氧化铝10.5g、氧化锌7.5g、磷酸铝粘结剂6g制成悬浮浆液，优选使用700℃下煅烧2小时后经900目的筛网过筛后的莫来石粉体；（2）添加磷酸调节悬浮浆液的pH值至5，并加热至45℃保持20小时，过滤得滤液；（3）向滤液中加入硅烷偶联剂4.5g、聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯17.5g、二甲基硅醇2g、二月硅酸酯0.8g搅匀后放置5小时得混合浆液，硅烷偶联剂优选为二乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中；（4）将混合浆液加热至250℃得到熔融料液，然后置于纺丝装置中以280m/mim的速率纺丝得到改性莫来石纤维。
烟气吸附涂层的料液优选经以下过程制备而成：分别研磨马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉后由900目筛网过筛，将马尾藻炭化物27g、分子筛活化粉13.5g与纳米锆溶胶13g、水250g混匀制成烟气吸附涂层的料液。马尾藻炭化物优选制备过程如下：将干燥的马尾藻碾成粉末，置于持续通入氮气的马弗炉中以3℃/min的速率升温至350℃，保温3.5小时，然后将马弗炉抽真空，以9℃/min的速率升温至650 ℃，保温2.5小时，自然冷却即得马尾藻炭化物。
莫来石纤维灭火毯优选的制备过程如下：将改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维按重量比为100:17编织成毯体，将毯体置于25℃的烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸泡6小时，并通入50mL/min的空气，然后置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，通风速率为5m/s，各保温阶段的温度分别为：300℃/75分钟、500℃/3小时、700℃/75分钟，然后自然降温得到莫来石纤维灭火毯。
由上述方法制备的莫来石纤维灭火毯对不同粒径的烟气颗粒的过滤效率分别为：0.8～1.2 µm颗粒为97.8%、0.4～0.8µm的颗粒为83%、0.2～0.4µm的颗粒为26%，0.1～0.2µm的颗粒为38%、小于0.1µm的颗粒为52%，烟气过滤效果好。
实施例3
一种过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，包括毯体、设于毯体上的烟气吸附涂层，莫来石纤维灭火毯由毯体在烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸渍后干燥而成，而毯体由改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维编织而成。
改性莫来石纤维优选经以下过程制备而成：（1）向300g的水中加入莫来石粉体120g、氧化铝13g、氧化锌9g、磷酸铝粘结剂8g制成悬浮浆液，优选使用800℃下煅烧3小时后经1000目的筛网过筛后的莫来石粉体；（2）添加磷酸调节悬浮浆液的pH值至6，并加热至50℃保持24小时，过滤得滤液；（3）向滤液中加入硅烷偶联剂6g、聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯20g、二甲基硅醇3g、二月硅酸酯1.0g搅匀后放置8小时得混合浆液，硅烷偶联剂优选为氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷；（4）将混合浆液加热至280℃得到熔融料液，然后置于纺丝装置中以380 m/mim的速率纺丝得到改性莫来石纤维。
烟气吸附涂层的料液优选经以下过程制备而成：分别研磨马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉并经1000目筛网过筛，将马尾藻炭化物30g、分子筛活化粉15g与纳米锆溶胶16g、水300g混匀制成烟气吸附涂层的料液。马尾藻炭化物优选的制备过程如下：将干燥的马尾藻碾成粉末，置于持续通入氮气的马弗炉中以4℃/min的速率升温至400℃，保温5小时，然后将马弗炉置于真空状态，以10℃/min的速率升温至700 ℃，保温3小时，自然冷却得马尾藻炭化物。
莫来石纤维灭火毯优选的制备过程如下：将改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维按重量比为100:21编织成毯体，将毯体置于30℃的烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸泡7小时，并通入60mL/min的空气，然后置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，通风速率为6m/s，各保温阶段的温度分别为：300℃/90分钟、500℃/4小时、700℃/90分钟，然后自然降温得到莫来石纤维灭火毯。
由上述方法制备的莫来石纤维灭火毯对不同粒径的烟气颗粒的过滤效率分别为：0.8～1.2 µm颗粒为97.8%、0.4～0.8µm的颗粒为83%、0.2～0.4µm的颗粒为26%，0.1～0.2µm的颗粒为38%、小于0.1µm的颗粒为52%，烟气过滤效果好。
Claims (6)
1.一种过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，其特征在于，所述莫来石纤维灭火毯包括毯体、设于毯体上的烟气吸附涂层，所述莫来石纤维灭火毯由毯体在烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸渍后干燥而成，所述毯体由改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维编织而成；
其中，改性莫来石纤维由以下重量份的组份制备而成：莫来石粉体100～120份、氧化铝8～13份、氧化锌5～9份、硅烷偶联剂3～6份、聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯15～20份、二甲基硅醇1～3份、二月硅酸酯0.6～1.0份、磷酸铝粘结剂4～8份、水200～300份；
所述硅烷偶联剂为氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷或二乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，其特征在于，改性莫来石纤维经以下过程制备而成：(1)向水中加入莫来石粉体、氧化铝、氧化锌、磷酸铝粘结剂制成悬浮浆液；(2)添加磷酸调节悬浮浆液的pH值至4～6，并加热至40～50℃保持16～24小时，过滤得滤液；(3)滤液中加入硅烷偶联剂、聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、二甲基硅醇、二月硅酸酯，搅匀后放置3～8小时得混合浆液；(4)将混合浆液加热至220～280℃得到熔融料液，然后置于纺丝装置中纺丝得到改性莫来石纤维。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，其特征在于，烟气吸附涂层的料液经以下过程制备而成：分别研磨马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉后经600～1000目筛网过筛，将重量份的马尾藻炭化物24～30份、分子筛活化粉12～15份与纳米锆溶胶10～16份、水200～300份混匀制成烟气吸附涂层的料液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，其特征在于，马尾藻炭化物经以下过程制备而成：将干燥的马尾藻碾碎成粉末，置于持续通入氮气的马弗炉中以2～4℃/min的速率升温至300～400℃，保温2～5小时，然后将马弗炉置于真空状态，以8～10℃/min的速率升温至600～700℃，保温2～3小时，自然冷却后取出即得马尾藻炭化物。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，其特征在于，莫来石纤维灭火毯的制备过程如下：将改性莫来石纤维与活性炭纤维按重量比为100:13～21编织成毯体，将毯体置于20～30℃的烟气吸附涂层的料液中浸泡4～7小时，并通入40～60mL/min的空气，然后置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，得到莫来石纤维灭火毯。
6.根据权利要求5所述的过滤烟气的莫来石纤维灭火毯，其特征在于，通风速率为3～6m/s，各保温阶段的温度分别为：300℃/60～90分钟、500℃/2～4小时、700℃/60～90分钟，然后自然降温。
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