CN107382560A - A kind of grape special fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application process - Google Patents

A kind of grape special fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107382560A
CN107382560A CN201710840931.6A CN201710840931A CN107382560A CN 107382560 A CN107382560 A CN 107382560A CN 201710840931 A CN201710840931 A CN 201710840931A CN 107382560 A CN107382560 A CN 107382560A
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China
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fertilizer
grape
special fertilizer
grape special
content
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Inventor
彭建伟
田昌
彭勇
张玉平
孙梦飞
钟雪梅
谢桂先
荣湘民
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Hunan Agricultural University
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Hunan Agricultural University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
    • C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of grape special fertilizer, including following components in percentage by weight：Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1%~2%, MAP 15%~20%, potassium nitrate 8%~15%, ammonium sulfate 25%~30%, resin coated urea 1%~2%, sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer 10%~15%, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 2%~5%, coating potassium sulfate 10%~15%, potassium sulfate 10%~15%, organic slow-release agent 1~2%, trace-element fertilizer 1%~2%.The grape special fertilizer nutrient is polynary comprehensively, quick-acting to be combined with sustained release, can not only provide the nutrient needed for grape normal growth, and can guarantee that grape is given stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging；Present invention also offers the preparation method of the grape special fertilizer and application process, and the purpose of cost-saving synergistic is can reach using the grape special fertilizer, mitigates due to nutrient loss caused by excessive fertilization or habits fertilization and the influence to environment.

Description

A kind of grape special fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application process
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural fertilizer field, more particularly to a kind of grape special fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application process.
Background technology
Since reform and opening-up, grape industry development is rapid in China, is counted according to international grape and grape wine tissue (OIV), Chinese Grape cultivated area has reached 1150.8 ten thousand mu for 2014, and yield is 1254.6 ten thousand tons, and vintage reaches 116100 Wan Sheng, China, which has surmounted France, turns into world's second largest wine-growing state.Chinese Grape is quickly grown, although there is good one side, It is but especially more in grape fertilising field question simultaneously there is also many problems.
China north and south can all plant grape, and current grape fertilising mainly uses base manure and top dressing.Base manure is after grape harvesting Autumn applies soil, and a large amount of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizer are combined, using ditch spread or spread fertilizer over the fields；Top dressing is divided into soil topdressing and foliage top dressing, Soil topdressing is ditch spread in 1 month or to spread fertilizer over the fields earthing before phase, Berry Growth initial stage and maturation before flowering respectively, and foliage top dressing refers to As needed before flowering, Xie Huahou, fruit expanding period, coloring the phase it is as needed, spray trace-element fertilizer.Because grape is given birth to Production requires high to nutrient supply, and what current peasant household's science was grasped lacks, and blindly fertilising or empiric fertilization are on the high side, cause many problems. First, nutrition deployment is unreasonable, fertilising is universal single, and robs formula production and fertilising, causes the soil organism and middle trace element Extremely lack；Second, science, most peasant household, still in blindly imitating, do not cause nutrient to fertilizing method on fertilization time and method Supply is not in time or plant recovery of nutrient is not high；Third, fertilising uses the methods of trench digging mostly, easily cause to hinder root and be completely cured, even Root is burnt, influences Nutrient Absorption and tree vigo(u)r.How to be reformed from fertilizer angle, avoid the generation of above phenomenon, it appears be particularly heavy Will, therefore, research and development one kind can reduce dose, while reduce the one-time use grape special fertilizer of labor of fertilizer application power recruitment into Gently subtract an important technical in cultivation for modern grape.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome the shortcomings of to mention in background above technology and defect, there is provided one Kind applied once, whole supply, the grape special fertilizer of labor intensity can be reduced, while correspondingly provide preparation method with applying Method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme proposed by the present invention is：
A kind of grape special fertilizer, the grape special fertilizer include following components in percentage by weight：
" the sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer " added in the present invention refers to that the content of available nitrogen is 17%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 9%, potassium oxide content is 19% sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer；" nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer " added refers to that the content of available nitrogen is 20%, phosphorus pentoxide content 10%, potassium oxide content is 10% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
Above-mentioned grape special fertilizer, it is preferred that by weight percentage, N, P in the grape special fertilizer2O5、K2O's is total Content is 40%~45%, and wherein N content is 10%~15%, P2O5Content is 8%~12%, K2O content be 16%~ 22%.
Above-mentioned grape special fertilizer, it is preferred that by weight percentage, slow release nitrogenous fertilizer is included in the grape special fertilizer With slow release potash fertilizer；The slow release nitrogenous fertilizer is provided by the resin coated urea and sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer, nitrogen member therein Cellulose content is the 20%~25% of total nitrogen content；The slow release potash fertilizer is carried by the coating potassium sulfate and sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer For Determination of Potassium therein is the 30%~40% of total potassium content.
Both contain available nutrient in the grape special fertilizer of the present invention, again containing sustained release nutrient, wherein available nutrient is in early stage Release, sustained release nutrient discharges in the later stage, the effect of so as to can reach single fertilization.This hair that the content for being sustained nutrient is controlled It is in order to ensure the long-term nutrients release effect of one-time use, if ratio of the sustained release nutrient in total nutrient in bright scope Weight is too low, and Later growth will lack fertilizer, be unfavorable for grape growth.
Above-mentioned grape special fertilizer, it is preferred that the organic slow-release agent is thick raffinose, and its main component is by gala The non-reducing sugar that 3 sugar, glucose and fructose monose condensations form, shown in its molecular structure such as formula (1)：
Content >=60% of non-reducing sugar in the thick raffinose, water content≤2%, the content of organic matter >=20%, through with After micro- mixing granulation, add in granular form.
Thick raffinose is selected in the organic slow-release agent of the present invention, and its active group can be combined with nutrient, it is slowly released Put.Contain substantial amounts of natural and organic ingredients in thick raffinose, based on small molecule non-reducing sugar, also containing protein, amino acid Deng organic substance, chelatropic reaction is easily carried out with trace elements such as iron, copper, zinc under certain condition, forms the micro member of Chelating state Element, so as to reduce the fixation of trace-element fertilizer in media as well；Further, since thick raffinose is containing the organic of high, medium and low molecule Thing, the microelement chelate to form different molecular form can be chelated, is partly absorbed by plants with molecular conformation, partly need to be in enzyme In the presence of resolve into low molecule form and be absorbed by plants, thus reach the progressively release of trace element, time of infertility supply Slow release effect.Simultaneously in soil media, thick raffinose can be combined with the ammonium nitrogen in a great number of elements in the form of key is rolled into a ball, reachable To the effect for reducing nitrogen loss, reaching part nitrogen sustained release.
Above-mentioned grape special fertilizer, it is preferred that the thick raffinose is prepared by operating procedure in detail below：Cottonseed is shelled Suede, cotton benevolence is obtained after shelling, cotton benevolence is crushed, albumen in extraction cotton benevolence is distilled with methanol at 75 DEG C~80 DEG C, then 80 DEG C~85 DEG C at remove residue in methanol, obtain residue；Residue is dried at 90 DEG C~100 DEG C, then crushes, obtains To the thick raffinose of organic slow-release agent.
Above-mentioned grape special fertilizer, it is preferred that the trace-element fertilizer refers to containing boric acid, white vitriol, seven water One or several kinds of mixtures in ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdate.
The inventive concept total as one, the present invention also provide a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned grape special fertilizer, including Following steps：
(1) by organic slow-release agent and trace-element fertilizer mixing granulation, mixing particulate material is obtained；
(2) by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, MAP, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, resin coated urea, sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer, nitrogen Phosphorus potassium Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, coating potassium sulfate, potassium sulfate are well mixed with the mixing particulate material after step (1), obtain grape special fertilizer.
The preparation method of the present invention, will first be mixed with remaining component again after organic slow-release agent and micro- mixing granulation, The combination of trace element and organic slow-release agent can be promoted, avoid trace element from producing precipitation, while convenient production with rapid available phosphorus Add.
The inventive concept total as one, the present invention also provides a kind of application process of above-mentioned grape special fertilizer, in Portugal In grape production process, one-time use using ditch spread or by the way of spreading manuer in holes, set by 200~220 every mu, target output 3000 ~4000 pounds/acre of fresh fruits are calculated, and each tree disposably applies 800~1000 grams of the grape special fertilizer, and post-trenching is harvested in grape With organic fertilizer together buriing or beginning of spring next year buriing, no longer spraying fertilizer, only carries out daily Guan Shui to promote nutrients release afterwards.
Above-mentioned application process, it is preferred that the ditch spread or the position spreaded manuer in holes are away from the centimeters of plant 30~50, ditch or cave Wide 20~30cm, deep 30~40cm, the grape special fertilizer is placed along furrow bank during administration, then successively filled up ditch with native. Ditch position also can all annual variations, ditch spread by turns, full Orchard Soil is all ploughed deeply and is improved.
Above-mentioned application process, it is preferred that applied again after the grape special fertilizer is packed, the finished product edge after packaging Furrow bank is placed vertically, is specifically packed in the following manner：In units of 50 grams or 100 grams, use using stalk as material manufacture Degradable punching film packaging paper wrapper, punching specification is 1~1.5cm of pitch-row, 0.5~1mm of aperture, finished product rule after packaging Lattice are bag long 10~12cm, wide 8~10cm.
The grape special fertilizer of the present invention can control nutrient slowly to release by one-time use after leaching membrane paper punching packaging Put, and reduce fertilizer application frequency and trench digging or the number of punching, will not cause to hinder root, be completely cured or burn root etc. to endanger.
Technical scheme needs fertile feature according to grape different growing stages, based on target output, calculates individual plant Grape time of infertility nutrient demand amount (including a great number of elements and middle trace element) and different phase nutrient demand amount, are equipped with rationally The available nutrient and sustained release nutrient of ratio, while using the control of organic slow-release agent and pocket to nutrients release, make dedicated fertilizer The release of nutrient and the demand of grape nutrient match, and so as to reach the purpose of single fertilization, and different soil fertility levels can lead to Cross the purpose that adjustment each tree fertilizing bag number reaches stable high yield.
Using the fertilizer of the present invention on the basis of single fertilization loses weight drop work, it can not only meet that grape diazonium early stage is grown Branch promotees titbit, and the later stage, light nitrogen weight phosphorus potassium strengthened the nutritive peculiarity of fruit coloring, and can ensure the not de- fertilizer of absorption of the later stage to nutrient, Ensure that coloring and fruit powder are formed grape in good time, so as to increasing yield and improving quality.
Its total nutrient content of the grape special fertilizer of the present invention is high, and nutrient is polynary comprehensively, and A wide selection of colours and designs is with the addition of in product Calcium Magnesium Sulphur, iron, boron, zinc, manganese, trace element in molybdenum etc., ensure overall absorption of the grape to each nutrition；Meanwhile using Grain and powdered fertilizer by certain ratio and deposit (based on powdered fertilizer), it is quick-acting with slow-release fertilizer and deposit, be subject to leaching membrane paper fenestra Control, accomplishes that nutrient discharges for a long time, so as to realize applied once, reaches saving of labor, abridged edition, upgrading, increases income, the purpose of synergy.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
(1) grape special fertilizer nutrient of the invention is polynary comprehensively, nutrient balance, scientific formulation, quick-acting to be combined with sustained release, no It is only capable of providing the nutrient needed for grape normal growth, and can guarantee that grape is given stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging, improves the interior quality of grape, Compared with orchard worker's habits fertilization, dose 30%~50% can be reduced, work manually 4~5 is reduced, reaches cost-saving synergistic Purpose.
(2) N, P in grape special fertilizer of the invention2O5、K2O reaches GB15063-2009 requirements, and total nutrient reaches 40%~ 45%, while trace element in Calcium Magnesium Sulphur, iron, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum etc. is added in fertilizer, carry out punching leaching membrane paper pouch bag Dress, product is set to be better able to meet that the grape time of infertility grows demand, this one-time use grape special fertilizer reaches Advanced international level.
(3) grape special fertilizer of the invention, can improve nutrientuse efficiency 10%~20%, so as to reduce in production Fertilizer amount, mitigate because nutrient loss caused by excessive fertilization or habits fertilization and the influence to environment, ecological benefits are notable.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are the present invention Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also basis These accompanying drawings obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the preparation technology flow chart of grape special fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, below in conjunction with Figure of description and preferred embodiment to invent herein do it is more complete Face, meticulously describe, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to specific examples below.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter are generally understood that implication phase with those skilled in the art Together.Technical term used herein is intended merely to describe the purpose of specific embodiment, is not intended to the limitation present invention's Protection domain.
Unless otherwise specified, various raw material, reagent, the instrument and equipment etc. used in the present invention can pass through city Field is commercially available or can be prepared by existing method.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of grape special fertilizer of the invention, including following components in percentage by weight：
By weight percentage, N, P in the grape special fertilizer of the present embodiment2O5、K2O total content is 41.3%, wherein N Content is 12.5%, P2O5Content is 10.1%, K2O content is 18.7%；Ease up in the grape special fertilizer comprising slow release nitrogenous fertilizer The property released potash fertilizer；Slow release nitrogenous fertilizer is provided by resin coated urea and sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer, and nitrogen element content therein is total nitrogen The 22.3% of content；Slow release potash fertilizer is provided by coating potassium sulfate and sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer, and Determination of Potassium therein is total The 34.2% of potassium content.
For thick raffinose, its main component is by galactolipin, glucose and fructose 3 for the organic slow-release agent that the present embodiment uses The non-reducing sugar that individual monose condensation forms；The content of non-reducing sugar is 66.7% in the thick raffinose, water content 1.46%, is had Machine matter content is 27.8%.
The secondary and micro-element fertilizers that the present embodiment uses are boric acid, white vitriol, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate, molybdenum The mixture of sour ammonium.
A kind of preparation method of the grape special fertilizer of the present embodiment, its process chart is as shown in figure 1, including following step Suddenly：
(1) by cottonseed stripping cotton lint, shell after obtain cotton benevolence, cotton benevolence is crushed, at 75 DEG C~80 DEG C with methanol distill extract Albumen in cotton benevolence, the methanol in residue is then removed at 80~85 DEG C, obtains residue；By residue at 90 DEG C~100 DEG C Lower drying, is then crushed, and obtains the thick raffinose of organic slow-release agent.
(2) 15 kilograms of organic slow-release agent, 14 kilograms of trace-element fertilizer are weighed, by the thick raffinose of organic slow-release agent with it is micro Element fertilizer mixing granulation, obtain 29 kilograms of mixing particulate material；
(3) 10 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 182 kilograms of MAP, 83 kilograms of potassium nitrate, 276 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, tree are weighed 11 kilograms of fat coated carbamide, 142 kilograms of sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer (17-9-19), 25 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (20-10-10), 132 kilograms of coating potassium sulfate, 110 kilograms of potassium sulfate are well mixed with the mixing particulate material after step (1), and it is special to obtain grape Fertilizer；
(4) by the grape special fertilizer after step (3) in units of 50 grams or 100 grams, to stalk for material manufacture can Punching film wrapping paper (punching specification be pitch-row 1cm, aperture 1mm) metering packing of degraded, trimmed size is long for bag after packaging 12cm, wide 8cm, then be put in storage by every 100 one sacks of bag or a case packing.
The Comparison study experimental design of the grape special fertilizer of the present embodiment is as follows：
For trying place：Changde, hunan province city Lixian County Zhang Gongmiao towns；
Experimental cultivar is Red globe grape, and life in 5 years, seeding row spacing 150cm × 300cm, 240 every mu are set；
Testing program：
2 processing are set to, often handles and repeats three times, often handling cell has vine 10, respectively handles random district's groups arrangement, Concrete scheme is：
(1) T1 (control treatment) is handled to apply fertilizer for peasant habit：It is annual in the case where not considering nutrient situation that organic fertilizer includes N、P2O5、K2O dosage is about respectively 32,21,30 kgs/acre.Base manure：Every mu of row replacement (deep 30-50cm) rapeseed cake fertilizer 300 is public Jin, applies 100 kilograms of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (16-9-10)；Rudiment fertilizer：Every mu is applied 50 kilograms of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (15-12-18)；Spend preceding top dressing：Every mu Apply 50 kilograms of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (10-6-11)；Young fruit expands fertilizer：Every mu is applied 50 kilograms of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (10-6-11).
(2) it is the grape special fertilizer using embodiment 1 to handle T2：Every mu of 300 kilograms of row replacement (deep 30-50cm) rapeseed cake fertilizer Winter makees base manure, and buriing grape special fertilizer in March in the beginning of spring (12.5-10-18.7), the both sides that every vine is expert at are away from basal part of stem 30cm Place's trench digging, furrow width 20cm, deep 30cm, (Liang Lianbao) grape special fertilizer 4 that weight is 100 grams is buried per side and is wrapped (totally 8 bag), earthing, Watering, it is annual afterwards not apply fertilizer, daily Guan Shui is only carried out to promote nutrients release, manages same peasant habit.
Test results and analysis：
1st, fruit-setting rate and single fruit weight measure fixed：Each processing fruit ear carries out inflorescence shaping before blooming, and is stayed per fringe and spends 150, Its fruit-setting rate is counted when after fruit setting to fruit development to mung bean size；Per fringe from after fruit setting to soya bean size when select upper portion first side Fringe fruit 5, its gross weight is determined per 15d, divided by 5 try to achieve single fruit weight, investigate the change of single fruit weight；Different disposal single fruit Weight differential and fruit-setting rate comparison in difference are shown in Table 1.
The different disposal single fruit weight difference of table 1 and percentage of fertile fruit comparison in difference (unit：Gram)
As it can be seen from table 1 since the May 14, from the point of view of being monitored result to fruit single fruit weight, and peasant habit Fertilising compares (T1), and the grape single fruit weight different times of one-time use grape special fertilizer processing (T2) will be higher than peasant Habits fertilization processing, and become apparent to later stage single fruit weight differential.Compared with peasant habit fertilising, use one-time use grape Its single fruit weight of the processing of special fertilizer is higher by 4.9% than the former；Both fruit-setting rates difference is larger, special using one-time use grape The processing of fertilizer, its fruit-setting rate is higher by 16.0% than peasant habit fertilising, thus can significantly improve yield.
2nd, photosynthetic rate and SPAD values measure：Determine the privileged site of each processing grape respectively in mid-May and mid-July The photosynthetic rate and SPAD values, measurement result of inflorescence functional leaf are shown in Table 2.
The photosynthetic rate and SPAD value comparison in difference of the different processing functions leaf of table 2
As known from Table 2, the Net Photosynthetic Rate of the lower grape functional leaf of two kinds of processing and SPAD value differences are different obvious.Early stage grape Net Photosynthetic Rate and SPAD values are all higher than the later stage, are applied fertilizer using the processing (T2) of one-time use grape special fertilizer and peasant habit Processing (T1) compare, two period its Net Photosynthetic Rate increase by 7.37% and 5.61% respectively, SPAD values add respectively 8.56% and 7.93%, illustrate the grape special fertilizer using one-time use, its chlorophyll content is high, and photosynthesis is strong, to Portugal Grape yield and quality is formed favorably.
3rd, the measure of fruit yield and nitrogen content：The ripe collecting period plucks the weight of fruit by cell registration, and analyzes inspection Fruit nitrogen content is surveyed, concrete outcome is shown in Table 3.
The comparison in difference of the different disposal fruit yield of table 3 and nitrogen content
Processing Fruit nitrogen content (%) Fruit yield (kilogram/tree) Rate of growth (%)
T1 1.43 10.33B --
T2 1.67 11.67A 12.9
From table 3 it can be seen that handling (T2) using one-time use grape special fertilizer, absorbed nitrogen ability is strong, and its fruit contains Nitrogen quantity is high, and fruit yield improves 12.9% than peasant habit fertilizer treatment individual plant, can significantly improve yield.
4th, fruit quality index determining：3 fruit ears are selected in each processing respectively, 100 fruits, determine grape fruit weight, Acidity, pol and fruit Vc contents, concrete outcome are shown in Table 4.
The different disposal fruit quality comparison in difference of table 4
Processing All kinds of fruits weight (g) Pol Total acidity (%) Vc(mg/100g)
T1 1032.1 17.1 0.55 15.98B
T2 1110.1 18.2 0.49 20.43A
As known from Table 4, (T2) is handled using one-time use grape special fertilizer, all kinds of fruits weight, pol, Vc contents are all significantly high In peasant habit fertilizer treatment (T1), total acidity is less than peasant habit fertilizer treatment (T1), illustrates to use the grape special fertilizer, Portugal The interior quality index of grape is compared with habits fertilization to be all improved.
5th, fertilizer amount and fertilizer application frequency are reduced：The fertilizer amount and fertilizer application frequency respectively handled during record experiment, Concrete outcome is shown in Table 5.
The different disposal fertilizer amount of table 5 and fertilizer application frequency difference
As known from Table 5, (T2) is handled using one-time use grape special fertilizer, the amount of application of nitrogen and phosphorus all compares peasant habit Fertilizer treatment (T1) is low, and the amount of application of potassium increased, but total npk nutrient amount of application it is lower than T1 3.9 kilograms it is every Mu, reduces 4.7%, fertilizer application frequency reduces 3 times, reduces labour cost.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of grape special fertilizer, it is characterised in that the grape special fertilizer includes following components in percentage by weight：
2. grape special fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by weight percentage, the grape special fertilizer Middle N, P2O5、K2O total content is 40%~45%, and wherein N content is 10%~15%, P2O5Content is 8%~12%, K2O Content is 16%~22%.
3. grape special fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that by weight percentage, the grape is special Slow release nitrogenous fertilizer and slow release potash fertilizer are included in fertilizer；The slow release nitrogenous fertilizer is by the resin coated urea and sulphur clothing coating compound Fertilizer provides, and nitrogen element content therein is the 20%~25% of total nitrogen content；The slow release potash fertilizer is by the coating potassium sulfate And sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer provides, Determination of Potassium therein is the 30%~40% of total potassium content.
4. grape special fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the organic slow-release agent is thick raffinose, its Main component is the non-reducing sugar formed by 3 galactolipin, glucose and fructose monose condensations；It is non-reduced in the thick raffinose Content >=60% of sugar, water content≤2%, the content of organic matter >=20%.
5. grape special fertilizer according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the thick raffinose by operating step in detail below It is rapid to prepare：By cottonseed stripping cotton lint, shell after obtain cotton benevolence, cotton benevolence is crushed, at 75 DEG C~80 DEG C with methanol distill extraction cotton benevolence Middle albumen, the methanol in residue is then removed at 80 DEG C~85 DEG C, obtains residue；By residue at 90 DEG C~100 DEG C Dry, then crush, obtain thick raffinose.
6. grape special fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the trace-element fertilizer refers to containing boron One or several kinds of mixtures in acid, white vitriol, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdate.
A kind of 7. preparation method such as grape special fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, it is characterised in that including with Lower step：
(1) by organic slow-release agent and trace-element fertilizer mixing granulation, mixing particulate material is obtained；
(2) by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, MAP, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, resin coated urea, sulphur clothing coating complex fertilizer, N P and K Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, coating potassium sulfate, potassium sulfate are well mixed with the mixing particulate material after step (1), obtain grape special fertilizer.
It is 8. a kind of such as the application process of grape special fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, it is characterised in that in grape In production process, one-time use using ditch spread or by the way of spreading manuer in holes, according to target yield is 3000~4000 pounds/acre of fresh fruit meters Calculate, each tree disposably applies 800~1000 grams of the grape special fertilizer, grape harvest post-trenching and organic fertilizer together buriing or Beginning of spring next year buriing, no longer spraying fertilizer, only carries out daily Guan Shui to promote nutrients release afterwards.
9. application process according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the ditch spread or the position spreaded manuer in holes away from plant 30~ At 50cm, ditch or the wide 20~30cm in cave, deep 30~40cm, the grape special fertilizer is placed along furrow bank during administration, then with soil Ditch is filled up successively.
10. application process according to claim 9, it is characterised in that applied again after the grape special fertilizer is packed With specifically being packed in the following manner：In units of 50 grams or 100 grams, use using stalk as the degradable of material manufacture Film packaging paper wrapper is punched, punching specification is 1~1.5cm of pitch-row, 0.5~1mm of aperture, and trimmed size is long by 10 for bag after packaging ~12cm, wide 8~10cm.
CN201710840931.6A 2017-09-18 2017-09-18 A kind of grape special fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application process Pending CN107382560A (en)

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