CN107380463A - 具有耗散静电荷性能的柔性燃料箱 - Google Patents

具有耗散静电荷性能的柔性燃料箱 Download PDF

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CN107380463A
CN107380463A CN201710306218.3A CN201710306218A CN107380463A CN 107380463 A CN107380463 A CN 107380463A CN 201710306218 A CN201710306218 A CN 201710306218A CN 107380463 A CN107380463 A CN 107380463A
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liner
fuel
fuel tank
polymer
filler
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瓦莱丽·白里安
萨拉·菲利皮迪斯
斯特凡妮·拉库安特
塞巴斯蒂安·韦尔奈
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Flight Safety Systems Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种柔性燃料箱(10)，所述柔性燃料箱从内到外包括：单层内衬或多层内衬(2)，所述单层内衬或多层内衬具有如下性能：相对于液体具有密封性、不渗透所述燃料的蒸汽、对静电荷具有耗散性，所述内衬(2)包括外面(2b)和旨在与燃料接触的内面(2a)；中间层(3)，所述中间层(3)与所述内衬(2)的所述外面(2b)接触，例如，涂层；以及织物增强层(4)，所述织物增强层(4)与所述中间层(3)接触。

Description

具有耗散静电荷性能的柔性燃料箱
技术领域
本发明涉及一种柔性燃料箱。
背景技术
通常，飞机的柔性燃料箱一般包括阻挡层，该阻挡层具有不渗透燃料的性能。该阻挡层使得能够获得符合这种涂覆类型的航空要求(尤其是标准ETSO-C80)的不渗透性，该标准包括对低于6g/m2/24h的燃料蒸汽的渗透性。
在对这些油箱进行加压填充时，在油箱(尤其是直升机的油箱)的内表面中的燃料的摩擦力可能会产生静电荷。然而，这种静电荷的潜在累积却象征着安全风险。事实上，由于气体燃料的点燃，静电荷可能会引发爆炸，会带来严重的后果。
结果，现有技术中的柔性燃料箱并未优化，这尤其是由于柔性燃料箱可能不安全。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的在于：通过提出一种安全的、更轻便的且易生产的方案来解决上述问题。
由此，本发明涉及一种柔性燃料箱，该柔性燃料箱从内到外包括：
单层内衬或多层内衬，该单层内衬或多层内衬具有如下性能：相对于液体具有密封性、不渗透所述燃料的蒸汽、对静电荷具有耗散性，所述内衬包括旨在与燃料接触的内面和外面；
中间层，该中间层与内衬的外面接触，例如，涂层；以及
织物增强层，该织物增强层与中间层接触。
根据优选实施例，本发明的燃料箱包括下述特征中的至少一个：
优选地在内衬的外面，该内衬对燃料蒸汽的渗透率低于6g/m2/24h；
内衬的内面具有低于108欧姆/平方的表面电阻率；
内衬至少包括第一外层，该第一外层具有如下所述性能：相对于液体的密封性和对所述燃料蒸汽的不渗透性，并且具有选自以下的至少一种聚合物作为其基体中的主要成分：聚酰胺，诸如PA 6、PA 6.6、PA 11、PA 12、PA 6.12、PA 4.6；共聚酰胺；聚芳酰胺；聚酰亚胺；聚酚亚硫酸酯；氟化聚合物，诸如PVF、PVDF、ETFE或PFA；聚醚酮类，诸如PEEK或PEKK；或者EVOH；以及第二内层，该第二内层具有如下性能：耗散静电荷，并且具有选自以下的至少一种聚合物作为其基体中的主要成分：聚酰胺，诸如PA 6、PA 6.6、PA 11、PA 12、PA 6.12、PA 4.6；共聚酰胺；聚芳酰胺；聚酰亚胺；聚酚硫醚；氟化聚合物，诸如PVF、PVDF、ETFE、FEP或PFA；聚醚酮类，诸如PEEK或PEKK；EVOH；聚氨酯；腈及其衍生物，诸如氢化腈或腈/PVC；表氯醇及其衍生物；含氟聚合物及其衍生物；聚氯丁烯或氟硅酮；
内衬包含导电填料，诸如，标准的增强炭黑、导电炭黑、单壁、双壁或多壁纳米碳管、石墨、本征导电聚合物或金属填料、或上述这些填料中至少一些填料的混合物；
通过在单螺杆挤出机或双螺杆挤出机中混合、通过液体渠道来进行混合、或通过在双筒混合机上或是在内部混合机中与橡胶进行混合，来将导电填料整合在内衬的基质内；
内衬包括的导电填料的比率为0.5至100份/每100份聚合物；
内衬包括碳纳米管类型的填料，该填料的量低于10份/每100份聚合物，优选地少于7份/每100份聚合物，并且更有益地少于5份/每100份聚合物；
内衬包括炭黑类型的填料，根据标准ASTM D3037，所述填料的BET比表面积在12m2/g与2000m2/g之间；
内衬中的导电填料的量足够保证内部逾渗网络的存在；
内衬的总厚度小于150微米；
通过挤出成膜或挤出吹塑成型或双挤出或多挤出来制造内衬；
通过防粘基板上的水性涂料或溶剂来制造内衬；
通过使用用于水性或在溶剂中的聚合物漆的常规施加方法(诸如，喷涂、刷涂或辊涂)来制造内衬；
增强织物层包括多种厚度的织物增强物；以及
通过热胶合、冷胶合、共硫化或焊接来将内衬与织物增强物粘合在一起。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于生产上述柔性燃料箱的方法，其包括以下步骤：
将内衬定位在形状为待生产的油箱的模具的外壁上，该内衬具有以下性能：相对于液体具有密封性、不渗透所述燃料的蒸汽、对静电荷具有耗散性，所述内衬包括旨在与燃料接触的内面；以及
通过使用中间层，例如，涂层，来在内衬上组装增强织物。
根据另一实施例，本发明涉及一种用于生产上述柔性燃料箱的方法，其包括以下步骤：
将增强织物定位在形状为待生产的油箱的模具的内壁上；以及
通过使用中间层，例如，涂层，在增强织物上组装内衬，内衬具有以下性能：相对于液体具有密封性、不渗透所述燃料的蒸汽、对静电荷具有耗散性，所述内衬包括旨在与燃料接触的内面。
附图说明
现在，将参考通过图示的方式给出的并且在附图示出的特定实施例来更详细地说明本发明，其中，
图1是根据本发明的燃料箱的第一实施例的剖面图；
图2是根据本发明的燃料箱的第二实施例的剖面图；以及
图3是图1的燃料箱的一部分(即内衬)的剖面详图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的旨在生产燃料箱10的模具1。
在第一实施例中，按照以下方法来制造燃料箱10。将内衬2定位在形状为待生产的油箱的模具1的外壁1b上，该内衬2具有以下性能：相对于液体具有密封性、不渗透所述燃料的蒸汽、对静电荷具有耗散性。接下来，通过使用中间层3，例如，织物增强物的涂层，来将增强织物4组装至内衬2。
在图2所图示说明的第二实施例中，将增强织物4定位在形状为待生产的油箱的模具1的内壁1a上；然后，通过使用中间层3，例如，织物的涂层，在增强织物4上组装内衬2，该内衬2具有以下性能：相对于液体具有密封性、不渗透所述燃料的蒸汽、对静电荷具有耗散性。
内衬2与中间层之间的组装方式可以是热胶合或冷胶合、共硫化或焊接。
织物增强层4包括多种厚度的织物增强物。一旦生产好油箱10的内衬2并将其剪成条状，油箱10的内衬2包括旨在与燃料接触的内面2a。
内衬2的总厚度小于150微米，从而能够获得质量减小的油箱。
可通过挤出成膜或挤出吹塑成型或双挤出或多挤出、或者可通过防粘基板上的水性或溶剂涂料、或者可通过使用用于水性或在溶剂中的聚合物漆的常规施加方法(诸如，喷涂、刷涂或辊涂)来制造内衬2。
有益地，在内衬2的外面2b上，该内衬2不渗透低于6g/m2/24h的燃料蒸汽。
同样地，内衬2的内面2a具有低于108欧姆/平方的表面电阻率。
如图3所示，内衬2可包括两个层A和B，但也可以仅包括一个层或两个以上的层，尤其是实现层A和B之间的粘合或是实现层A和中间层3之间的粘合的附加层。
在包括两个层的实施例中，第一外层A具有如下性能：相对于液体的密封性和对燃料蒸汽的不渗透性，并且具有选自以下的至少一种聚合物作为其基体中的主要成分：聚酰胺，诸如PA 6、PA 6.6、PA 11、PA 12、PA 6.12、PA 4.6；共聚酰胺；聚芳酰胺；聚酰亚胺；聚酚亚硫酸酯；氟化聚合物，诸如PVF、PVDF、ETFE或PFA；聚醚酮类，诸如PEEK或PEKK；或者EVOH；而第二内层B(与燃料接触的层)具有如下性能：对静电荷的耗散性，并且具有选自以下的至少一种聚合物作为其基体中的主要成分：聚酰胺，诸如PA 6、PA 6.6、PA 11、PA 12、PA6.12、PA 4.6；共聚酰胺；聚芳酰胺；聚酰亚胺；聚酚硫醚；氟化聚合物，诸如PVF、PVDF、ETFE、FEP或PFA；聚醚酮类，诸如PEEK或PEKK；EVOH；聚氨酯；腈及其衍生物，诸如氢化腈或腈/PVC；表氯醇及其衍生物；含氟聚合物及其衍生物；聚氯丁烯或氟硅酮。
为了促进静电荷的耗散，内衬2包含导电填料，诸如，标准的增强炭黑、导电炭黑、单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管、石墨、本征导电聚合物或金属填料、或上述这些填料中至少一些填料的混合物。
有益地，内衬2中的导电填料的量足够保证内部逾渗网络的存在。
通过在单螺杆挤出机或双螺杆挤出机中混合、通过液体渠道来进行混合(基体溶解在溶剂或水性渠道中)、或通过在双筒混合机上或是在内部混合机中与橡胶类型的弹性体基质进行混合，来将导电填料整合在内衬2的基质内。将这些填料混合在基质中的方法会影响这些填料的分布(浓度的集中性、分散性)及其方位。由此，还会影响待引入以获得逾渗的填料的比例。
内衬2包括的导电填料的比率为0.5至100份/每100份聚合物。
在导电填料为碳纳米管类型的填料的情况下，该填料的量低于10份/每100份聚合物，优选地少于7份/每100份聚合物，并且更有益地少于5份/每100份聚合物。
在基质内添加过量的导电填料会导致阻挡性能的减弱，在使用单层内衬的情况下，阻挡性能的减弱与本发明是不兼容的。
本征导体聚合物类型的填料(例如，聚苯胺)允许阻挡性能有些许退化或不退化。
石墨类型的薄片状导电填料，与其它类型的填料相关联或者不相关联，经证明对于维持良好的阻挡性能尤其有用。薄片状的填料在基质内产生更曲折的燃料运输电路，可弥补阻挡性能的减弱。
如果导电填料为炭黑类型，根据标准ASTM D3037，该填料的BET比表面积在12m2/g与2000m2/g之间。
当然，本发明的主题的详细说明仅以图示说明的方式提供，并不构成任何限制，等效技术主题也包括在本发明的范围中。

Claims (18)

1.一种柔性燃料箱(10)，所述柔性燃料箱从内到外包括：
单层内衬或多层内衬(2)，所述单层内衬或多层内衬(2)具有如下性能：相对于液体具有密封性、不渗透所述燃料的蒸汽、对静电荷具有耗散性，所述内衬(2)包括外面(2b)和旨在与燃料接触的内面(2a)；
中间层(3)，所述中间层(3)与所述内衬(2)的所述外面(2b)接触，例如，涂层；以及
织物增强层(4)，所述织物增强层(4)与所述中间层(3)接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，优选地在所述内衬(2)的所述外面(2b)，所述内衬(2)对燃料蒸汽的渗透率低于6g/m2/24h。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，所述内衬(2)的所述内面(2a)具有低于108欧姆/平方的表面电阻率。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，所述内衬(2)至少包括：
第一外层(A)，所述第一外层(A)具有如下性能：相对于液体的密封性和对所述燃料蒸汽的不渗透性，并且具有选自以下的至少一种聚合物作为其基体中的主要成分：聚酰胺，诸如PA 6、PA 6.6、PA 11、PA 12、PA 6.12、PA4.6；共聚酰胺；聚芳酰胺；聚酰亚胺；聚酚亚硫酸酯；氟化聚合物，诸如PVF、PVDF、ETFE或PFA；聚醚酮类，诸如PEEK或PEKK；或者EVOH；以及
第二内层(B)，所述第二内层(B)具有如下性能：对静电荷具有耗散性，并且具有选自以下的至少一种聚合物作为其基体中的主要成分：聚酰胺，诸如PA 6、PA 6.6、PA 11、PA 12、PA 6.12、PA 4.6；共聚酰胺；聚芳酰胺；聚酰亚胺；聚酚硫醚；氟化聚合物，诸如PVF、PVDF、ETFE、FEP或PFA；聚醚酮类，诸如PEEK或PEKK；EVOH；聚氨酯；腈及其衍生物，诸如氢化腈或腈/PVC；表氯醇及其衍生物；含氟聚合物及其衍生物；聚氯丁烯或氟硅酮。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，所述内衬(2)包含导电填料，诸如常规的增强炭黑、导电炭黑、单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管、石墨、本征导电聚合物或金属填料、或上述这些填料中至少一些填料的混合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，通过在单螺杆挤出机或双螺杆挤出机中混合、通过液体渠道来进行混合、或通过在双筒混合机或是在内部混合机中与橡胶进行混合，来将所述导电填料整合在所述内衬(2)的基质内。
7.根据权利要求5至6中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，所述内衬(2)包括的导电填料的比率为0.5至100份每100份聚合物。
8.根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，所述内衬(2)包括碳纳米管类型的填料，所述填料的量低于10份每100份聚合物，优选地少于7份/每100份聚合物，并且更有益地少于5份每100份聚合物。
9.根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，所述内衬(2)包括炭黑类型的填料，根据标准ASTM D3037，所述填料的BET比表面积在12m2/g与2000m2/g之间。
10.根据权利要求5至9中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，所述内衬(2)中的导电填料的量足够保证内部逾渗网络的存在。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，所述内衬(2)的总厚度小于150微米。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，通过挤出成膜或挤出吹塑成型或双挤出或多挤出来制造所述内衬(2)。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，通过在防粘基板上施加水性涂料或溶剂来制造所述内衬(2)。
14.根据权利要求1至12中任一项的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，通过使用用于水性或在溶剂中的聚合物漆的常规施加方法(诸如，喷涂、刷涂或辊涂)来制造所述内衬(2)。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，所述增强织物层(4)包括多种厚度的织物增强物。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，通过热胶合、冷胶合、共硫化或焊接来将所述内衬(2)与所述织物增强物(4)粘合在一起。
17.用于生产根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的柔性燃料箱(10)的方法，其包括以下步骤：
将内衬(2)定位在形状为待生产的油箱的模具的外壁上，所述内衬(2)具有以下性能：相对于液体具有密封性、不渗透所述燃料的蒸汽、对静电荷具有耗散性，所述内衬(2)包括旨在与燃料接触的内面(2a)；以及
通过使用中间层(3)，例如，涂层，来将增强织物(4)组装在所述内衬(2)上。
18.用于生产根据前述权利要求1至16中任一项所述的柔性燃料箱(10)的方法，其包括以下步骤：
将增强织物(4)定位在形状为待生产的油箱的模具的内壁上；以及
通过使用中间层(3)，例如，涂层，来将内衬(2)组装在所述增强织物(4)上，所述内衬(2)具有以下性能：相对于液体具有密封性、不渗透所述燃料的蒸汽的、对静电荷具有耗散性，所述内衬(2)包括旨在与燃料接触的内面(2a)。
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