CN107373115B - Ruminant livestock feed additive based on alkyl polyglycoside and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Ruminant livestock feed additive based on alkyl polyglycoside and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107373115B CN107373115B CN201710695981.XA CN201710695981A CN107373115B CN 107373115 B CN107373115 B CN 107373115B CN 201710695981 A CN201710695981 A CN 201710695981A CN 107373115 B CN107373115 B CN 107373115B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ruminant livestock feed additive based on alkyl polyglycoside and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring and mixing the alkyl polyglycoside with the sepiolite in the weight ratio of 150-500: 480-830, oven drying at 65 deg.C, pulverizing, sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain alkylpolyglycoside-sepiolite premix, then, mixing the alkylpolyglycoside-sepiolite premix, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the selenium content of 1 wt%, an additive with the iodine content of 1 wt%, an additive with the cobalt content of 1 wt%, vitamin A and vitamin E according to a certain weight proportion, crushing and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the ruminant feed additive, wherein the feed additive product does not contain antibiotics and can improve the gastrointestinal tract environment of the ruminant and improve the feed digestibility, thereby improving the production performance of the ruminant livestock and having important significance for the development of the ruminant livestock breeding industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed, and particularly relates to a feed additive for ruminant livestock breeding, which is suitable for beef cattle, mutton sheep and dairy cows, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The straw is the most abundant crop byproduct, has the characteristics of large volume, high crude fiber content and the like, is suitable for feeding ruminant livestock, and has the effect of improving the milk fat rate of lactating animals. Therefore, the crop straws are fully utilized on the ruminants, so that the cultivation benefit can be improved, and the effect of reducing environmental pollution is achieved. But the thick and hard straw stems and the long retention time in the digestive tract influence the palatability and the feed intake of livestock; meanwhile, the straw has low nitrogen content and high crude fiber content, and the cellulose and the lignin are firmly combined, so that animals are difficult to digest and utilize. Generally, the digestibility of the ruminant to the straw is only 20-30%. Aiming at the characteristics of the straw feed, people carry out a great deal of intensive research on the aspects of improving the utilization rate of the straw and increasing the nutritive value of the straw for a long time, and obtain better effect.
The way of improving the utilization rate of the coarse feed for ruminants mainly comprises two aspects, namely processing the straws and feeding additives to improve the environment in the rumen. The ruminant feed additives currently used for regulating the rumen environment are mainly methane inhibitors, antibiotics, proteases, deamination inhibitors, protozoa removing agents, microbial enzymes, fats or fatty acids, buffers or artificial saliva, ionophores, probiotics and non-bacterial direct feeding microorganisms. The method for improving the utilization rate of the roughage by adding exogenous cellulase is a common method at present, but the activity of the exogenous cellulase is lost in the production and storage processes, so that the ideal use effect cannot be achieved. Research proves that the nonionic surfactant (NIS) has a remarkable positive effect on improving the fiber component degradation activity of anaerobic microorganisms in rumen, and the NIS can improve the activity and stability of cellulase in rumen and the growth speed of microorganisms, so as to promote the degradation and utilization of fiber feed. Currently, the research and utilization of NIS in ruminant livestock is still quite limited, and the research is mainly focused on the effect of a single NIS on the rumen roughage fermentation. Alkyl Polyglycosides (APG) are a typical nonionic surfactant, produced by reacting corn starch glucose with natural fatty alcohols. Because of good biodegradability and low toxicity, the product is widely applied to industries of bath, beauty treatment, food processing and the like. Therefore, the invention determines the type and the proper addition amount of the alkyl polyglycoside which can be used in the ruminant through a series of in vitro fermentation experiments and animal experiments, and provides scientific basis for improving the utilization rate of rumen microorganisms of the ruminant on the roughage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect of insufficient theoretical basis of addition of the existing nonionic surfactant, and aims to provide the ruminant livestock feed additive based on alkyl polyglycoside.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a ruminant livestock feed additive based on alkyl polyglycoside comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
preferably, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
more preferably, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the preparation method of the premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite comprises the following steps: respectively taking alkylpolyglycoside and sepiolite according to the weight ratio of 150-500: 480-830, mixing and uniformly stirring, drying the uniformly stirred mixture at 65 ℃, crushing, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the alkylpolyglycoside and sepiolite premix.
The alkyl polyglycoside is C8-C16 fatty alcohol glucoside, the hydrophilicity of the alkyl polyglycoside is 14-16, and the alkyl polyglycoside is 50% of viscous liquid by weight.
The ruminant livestock is a cow, a beef cow, a goat or a sheep.
In addition, the invention also claims a preparation method of the ruminant livestock feed additive based on alkyl polyglycoside, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively taking alkylpolyglycoside and sepiolite according to the weight ratio of 150-500: 480-830, mixing and uniformly stirring, drying the uniformly stirred mixture at 65 ℃, crushing, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a premix of the alkylpolyglycoside and the sepiolite;
(2) taking the premix of the alkyl polyglycoside and the sepiolite obtained in the step (1) according to the parts by weight, then weighing corresponding parts by weight of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the mass content of selenium being 1%, an additive with the mass content of iodine being 1%, an additive with the mass content of cobalt being 1%, vitamin A and vitamin E, crushing, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, and then mixing and stirring uniformly.
The invention also claims the ruminant livestock feed additive based on alkyl polyglycoside prepared by the preparation method.
The ruminant livestock complete mixed feed is also claimed, wherein the feed additive is added into the complete mixed feed, and the mass addition proportion of the feed additive is 2%.
Compared with the conventional ruminant feed additive, the ruminant feed additive based on alkyl polyglycoside provided by the invention has the following obvious beneficial effects:
the main improvement point of the invention compared with the prior art is that the alkyl polyglycoside and a plurality of mineral elements are simultaneously used in the additive; compared with the group without adding alkyl polyglycoside, the surface tension of rumen fluid is reduced from 55mN/m to 43mN/m at the adding level of the alkyl polyglycoside, the permeability of microbial cell membranes is improved from 42 percent to 46 percent, the activity of rumen microbial carboxymethyl cellulase is improved by 9.09 percent, and the activity of xylan cellulase is improved by 9.58 percent. The cooperative action of alkyl polyglycoside and other added mineral elements can raise the rumen microbial protein synthesis rate by 11.6%. In addition, the alkyl polyglycoside is premixed with the sepiolite and then dried and crushed, so that the alkyl polyglycoside is more convenient to use as feed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the feed additive for ruminant livestock based on alkyl polyglycoside comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 98.18 parts of premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite, 0.153 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.046 part of additive with the mass content of selenium of 1%, 0.306 part of additive with the mass content of iodine of 1%, 0.074 part of additive with the mass content of cobalt of 1%, 0.025 part of vitamin A and 0.336 part of vitamin E.
Wherein, the water content of the alkyl polyglycoside is less than 50 percent by mass.
The preparation method of the alkyl polyglycoside-based ruminant livestock feed additive specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the substances according to the weight ratio of 150 parts of alkyl polyglycoside to 830 parts of sepiolite, uniformly stirring and mixing the alkyl polyglycoside and the sepiolite, and drying at 65 ℃;
(2) weighing 98.18 parts of a premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite, 0.153 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.046 part of additive with the mass content of selenium of 1%, 0.306 part of additive with the mass content of iodine of 1%, 0.074 part of additive with the mass content of cobalt of 1%, 0.025 part of vitamin A and 0.336 part of vitamin E in parts by weight;
then, respectively crushing the alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite premix, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the mass content of 1% of selenium, an additive with the mass content of 1% of iodine, an additive with the mass content of 1% of cobalt, vitamin A and vitamin E, and sieving the crushed materials with a 40-mesh sieve;
(3) adding the premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the selenium content of 1%, an additive with the iodine content of 1%, an additive with the cobalt content of 1%, vitamin A and vitamin E into a stirrer in sequence according to the weight parts of the formula in the step (2), and uniformly stirring and mixing.
Example 2
In this example, the alkylpolyglycoside-based ruminant feed additive comprises by weight: 98.18 parts of premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite, 0.153 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.046 part of additive with the mass content of selenium of 1%, 0.306 part of additive with the mass content of iodine of 1%, 0.074 part of additive with the mass content of cobalt of 1%, 0.025 part of vitamin A and 0.336 part of vitamin E.
Wherein, the water content of the alkyl polyglycoside is less than 50 percent by mass.
The preparation process of the alkyl polyglycoside-based ruminant livestock feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the substances according to the weight ratio of 300 parts of alkyl polyglycoside to 680 parts of sepiolite, uniformly stirring and mixing the alkyl polyglycoside and the sepiolite, and drying at 65 ℃;
(2) weighing 98.18 parts of a premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite, 0.153 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.046 part of additive with the mass content of selenium of 1%, 0.306 part of additive with the mass content of iodine of 1%, 0.074 part of additive with the mass content of cobalt of 1%, 0.025 part of vitamin A and 0.336 part of vitamin E in parts by weight;
then, respectively crushing the alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite premix, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the mass content of 1% of selenium, an additive with the mass content of 1% of iodine, an additive with the mass content of 1% of cobalt, vitamin A and vitamin E, and sieving the crushed materials with a 40-mesh sieve;
(3) adding the premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the selenium content of 1%, an additive with the iodine content of 1%, an additive with the cobalt content of 1%, vitamin A and vitamin E into a stirrer in sequence according to the weight parts of the formula in the step (2), and uniformly stirring and mixing.
Example 3
In this example, the alkylpolyglycoside-based ruminant feed additive comprises by weight: 98.18 parts of a premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite, 0.153 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.046 part of additive with the mass content of selenium of 1%, 0.306 part of additive with the mass content of iodine of 1%, 0.074 part of additive with the mass content of cobalt of 1%, 0.025 part of vitamin A and 0.336 part of vitamin E.
Wherein, the water content of the alkyl polyglycoside is less than 50 percent by mass.
The preparation process of the alkyl polyglycoside-based ruminant livestock feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the substances according to the weight proportion of 500 parts of alkyl polyglycoside and 480 parts of sepiolite, uniformly stirring and mixing the alkyl polyglycoside and the sepiolite, and drying at 65 ℃;
(2) weighing 98.18 parts of a premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite, 0.153 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.046 part of additive with the mass content of selenium of 1%, 0.306 part of additive with the mass content of iodine of 1%, 0.074 part of additive with the mass content of cobalt of 1%, 0.025 part of vitamin A and 0.336 part of vitamin E in parts by weight;
then, respectively crushing the alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite premix, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the mass content of 1% of selenium, an additive with the mass content of 1% of iodine, an additive with the mass content of 1% of cobalt, vitamin A and vitamin E, and sieving the crushed materials with a 40-mesh sieve;
(3) adding the premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the selenium content of 1%, an additive with the iodine content of 1%, an additive with the cobalt content of 1%, vitamin A and vitamin E into a stirrer in sequence according to the weight parts of the formula in the step (2), and uniformly stirring and mixing.
Comparative example 1
The feed additive for the ruminant livestock in the comparative example comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 98.18 parts of sepiolite, 0.153 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.046 part of additive with the mass content of selenium being 1%, 0.306 part of additive with the mass content of iodine being 1%, 0.074 part of additive with the mass content of cobalt being 1%, 0.025 part of vitamin A and 0.336 part of vitamin E.
The preparation method of the ruminant livestock feed additive specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 98.18 parts of sepiolite, 0.153 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.046 part of additive with the mass content of selenium being 1%, 0.306 part of additive with the mass content of iodine being 1%, 0.074 part of additive with the mass content of cobalt being 1%, 0.025 part of vitamin A and 0.336 part of vitamin E according to the weight proportion;
then, respectively crushing sepiolite, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the mass content of 1% of selenium, an additive with the mass content of 1% of iodine, an additive with the mass content of 1% of cobalt, vitamin A and vitamin E, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve;
(2) adding sepiolite, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the mass content of selenium being 1%, an additive with the mass content of iodine being 1%, an additive with the mass content of cobalt being 1%, vitamin A and vitamin E into a stirrer in sequence according to the weight parts of the formula in the step (1), and stirring and mixing uniformly.
The effect experiment was performed on the ruminant feed additives prepared in the examples of the present invention and comparative example 1 as follows:
the alkyl polyglycoside is purchased from the market, adopts single-factor completely random design, selects 18 Chinese Holstein cows with similar age, gestation, lactation month, milk yield and body condition, and is divided into a control group and test groups 1 and 2 at random, wherein the cows of the control group are added with the ruminant feed additive of the comparative example 1 in basic daily ration concentrate; tests 1 and 2 groups the ruminant feed additive of example 1 was added to a basic ration concentrate such that the content of alkylpolyglycoside in the total mixed ration was 5g/kg and 10g/kg, respectively. Test cattle are fed by adopting barn feeding tie lines and fed in a single groove in the same barn; the daily feeding amount is 6kg of daily ration basic concentrate of the dairy cow, 15kg of bean dregs and 12kg of corn straws, the daily feeding is carried out for 2 times, water is freely drunk, and other management is carried out according to the stipulation of a dairy farm. During the positive period, each morning and afternoon was milked by the machine, weighed, and daily milk production was recorded. Milking every 20 days in the morning and afternoon, collecting 20ml each time, cold preserving, and measuring milk components after mixing the morning and afternoon milk samples.
TABLE 1 Effect of alkylpolyglycoside feed additives on milk cow feed intake, milk production and milk composition
Note: different letters between the same lines indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) and milk fat corrected milk ═ milk yield x (0.4+0.15 x milk fat rate).
As can be seen from Table 1, the feeding of APG (alkyl polyglycoside) with different concentrations has the effect of improving the feed intake of milk in the lactation period. However, the test groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the control group. The milk yield of the lactating milk differed significantly (P < 0.05) when APG was fed at different concentrations compared to the control group. The milk fat corrected milk change trend is the same as the milk yield change trend. The milk fat rate test group has obvious difference (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The whole milk solid test group is obviously higher than the control group (P is less than 0.05). The solid content of milk protein, lactose and non-fat milk was not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05).
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of a ruminant livestock feed additive based on alkyl polyglycoside is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively taking alkylpolyglycoside and sepiolite according to the weight ratio of 150-500: 480-830, mixing and uniformly stirring, drying the uniformly stirred mixture at 65 ℃, crushing and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a premix of alkylpolyglycoside and sepiolite;
(2) taking the premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite obtained in the step (1) according to the parts by weight, mixing the premix with corresponding parts by weight of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, an additive with the selenium content of 1 wt%, an additive with the iodine content of 1 wt%, an additive with the cobalt content of 1 wt%, vitamin A and vitamin E, crushing, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, and then mixing and stirring uniformly;
wherein, the weight portion is as follows: 98.18 parts of premix of alkyl polyglycoside and sepiolite, 0.153 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.046 part of additive with the mass content of selenium of 1%, 0.306 part of additive with the mass content of iodine of 1%, 0.074 part of additive with the mass content of cobalt of 1%, 0.025 part of vitamin A and 0.336 part of vitamin E;
the alkyl polyglycoside is C8-C16 fatty alcohol glucoside, the hydrophilicity of the alkyl polyglycoside is 14-16, and the alkyl polyglycoside is a viscous liquid with the mass content of 50%;
the ruminant livestock is a dairy cow.
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