CN107361272A - 具有补气补血功能的发酵饮料制备及应用 - Google Patents
具有补气补血功能的发酵饮料制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有补血补气功效的中药发酵饮料，有效成分由红枣、桂圆、玫瑰、枸杞水提物、金银花水提物，由醋酸菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵后获得。本发明中红枣、桂圆、玫瑰、枸杞、金银花的水提物经醋酸菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌混合发酵后对气血双虚模型有很好的改善作用，主要表现在刺激造血、兴奋免疫、促进能量代谢方面。发酵饮料对造血系统有兴奋作用，能提高气血双虚模型大鼠的血象水平，提高对骨髓造血有促进作用的血清IL‑6、EPO水平；对免疫系统有兴奋作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饮料领域，具体涉及一种具有补气补血功能的发酵饮料制备及应用。
背景技术
气是构成人体和维持人体生命活动最基本的原动力，中医认为，人体之气，从起源看，是由先天之精气、水谷之精气和自然界的清气三者结合而成，与肺、脾和肾等脏腑的关系尤为密切。气虚主要表现有怕冷、自汗、易于感冒、倦怠乏力、精神萎顿、头昏耳鸣、脉虚弱无力或微细、气短、机体生理活动减弱、脏腑功能减退等。血，即为血液。血生于脾，宣于肺，统于心，藏于肝，化于肾，循行经络，周流不息，起着调和五脏，洒陈六腑，安魂魄，润颜色，濡养皮肉筋骨，四肢百骸的作用。由于久病血液不足或血的濡养作用减退而产生的虚弱证候，即为血虚。主要表现有面色萎黄或苍白、唇甲色淡、眩晕、耳鸣、心悸、失眠、健忘、肢体麻木、震颤拘挛、肤燥发枯、舌淡脉细，以及妇女月经延后、量少、色淡、甚至经闭等。
现代医学发明表明，气虚影响人体免疫力，尤其是脾气虚时，细胞免疫功能，无论是T细胞总数、T细胞活性还是B细胞数，都低于正常水平。气虚影响人体能量代谢，与微循环也有一定联系。血虚与血液系统关系密切，目前报道较多的是再生障碍性贫血(再障)和溶血性贫血。血虚也可影响人体免疫功能，与细胞免疫、体液免疫、红细胞免疫均有一定的联系。
气血问题对女人来说尤为重要，女人气血充足，脸上气色就红润，如果出现气血不足，就会皮肤无光泽、弹性差、易长皱纹。皮肤与肺的关系密切，皮肤白里透着粉红，有光泽、弹性、无皱纹、无斑，代表肺的气血充足。反之，皮肤粗糙，没光泽，发暗、发黄、发白、发青、发红、长斑都代表身体状况不佳。鉴于补气补血是长期且需要渗透在日常生活中，所以急需研发一种能够有效补气补血、方便饮用的保健饮品。
枣味甘、性温，能补中益气、养血生津，用于治疗“脾虚弱、食少便溏、气血亏虚”等疾病。常食大枣可治疗身体虚弱、神经衰弱、脾胃不和、消化不良、劳伤咳嗽、贫血消瘦，养肝防癌功能尤为突出，有“日食三颗枣，百岁不显老”之说。红枣有补血作用可能原因有三个方面：一方面是因为红枣中有些成分有消除自由基的作用，从而保护了红细胞膜，减少了红细胞膜的损伤；另一方面因为红枣中红枣多糖、芦丁等含量丰富，在一定程度上有利于红细胞的再生与合成，抑制了血红蛋白的下降；其三是红枣的某些成分促进了血红蛋白的合成。
桂圆亦称龙眼，性温味甘，益心脾，补气血，具有良好有滋养补益作用，可用于心脾虚损、气血不足所致的失眠、健忘、惊悸、眩晕等症。桂圆含有多种营养物质，有补血安神，健脑益智，补养心脾的功效。发明发现，桂圆对子宫癌细胞的抑制率超过90％，妇女更年期是妇科肿瘤好发的阶段，适当吃些桂圆有利健康。桂圆有补益作用，对病后需要调养及体质虚弱的人有辅助疗效。
玫瑰花中含有300多种化学成份，常食玫瑰制品可以柔肝醒胃，舒气活血，美容养颜，令人神爽。玫瑰初开的花朵及根可入药，有理气、活血、收敛等作用、主治月经不调，跌打损伤、肝气胃痛，乳臃肿痛等症。
金银花自古被誉为清热解毒的良药。它性甘寒气芳香，甘寒清热而不伤胃，芳香透达又可祛邪。金银花既能宣散风热，还善清解血毒，用于各种热性病，如身热、发疹、发斑、热毒疮痈、咽喉肿痛等症，均效果显著。现代发明证明，金银花含有绿原酸、木犀草素苷等药理活性成分，对溶血性链球菌、金黄葡萄球菌等多种致病菌及上呼吸道感染致病病毒等有较强的抑制力，另外还可增强免疫力、抗早孕、护肝、抗肿瘤、消炎、解热、止血(凝血)、抑制肠道吸收胆固醇等。
枸杞可以补肾益精，养肝明目，补血安神，生津止渴，润肺止咳。治肝肾阴亏，腰膝酸软，头晕，目眩，目昏多泪，虚劳咳嗽，消渴，遗精。枸杞中所含的枸杞多糖、β-胡萝卜素都是强力的抗氧化剂，再加上枸杞所含的微量元素硒和维生素E的协同作用，组成了强大的抗氧化部队；另外，维生素A可维持上皮组织的生长与分化，防止皮肤干燥和毛囊角化，从而起到美容养颜、滋润肌肤的作用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种具有极高的水中悬浮率的具有清咽功效的中药发酵饮料。
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题在于提供上述具有补血补气功效的中药发酵饮料的制备方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种具有补血补气功效的中药发酵饮料，组成如下：
经醋酸菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵后获得。
具有补血补气功效的中药发酵饮料的制备方法，补正如下：以1L发酵液计
⑴发酵种子液配方为：乳酸菌1×103-1×1013 CFU，酵母菌1×103-1×1013 CFU，醋酸菌1×103-1×1013 CFU；
⑵水提物制备方法：红枣：1-100g、桂圆：1-100g、干枸杞：1-100g、玫瑰： 1-100g、金银花：1-100g加500mL纯净水70-100℃浸提10-120min，40目筛过滤，滤出渣再用纯净水70-100℃浸提10-120min，40目筛过滤，将两次滤液合并在一起；
⑶糖液制备方法：白砂糖：10-100g，蜂蜜：10-100g加300mL纯净水溶化过滤至澄清；
⑷将水提物加糖液混合配平至1L，121℃，20min灭菌，待液体降温至室温，接入发酵种子液。20-40℃发酵，发酵周期3-15d；
⑸将发酵液在无菌条件下离心：2000-10000rpm离心5-20min，将上层澄清液体进行0.2μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌，灌装。
而且，所述乳酸菌包括乳杆菌、乳酸链球菌、双歧杆菌中的至少一种。
本发明具有积极有益的效果：
本发明用乳酸菌、醋酸菌、酵母菌发酵桂圆、大枣、枸杞、玫瑰、金银花水提物，在动物实验中表现出良好的补血补气的疗效。
本发明中红枣、桂圆、玫瑰、枸杞、金银花的水提物经醋酸菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌混合发酵后对气血双虚模型有很好的改善作用，主要表现在刺激造血、兴奋免疫、促进能量代谢方面。发酵饮料对造血系统有兴奋作用，能提高气血双虚模型大鼠的血象水平，提高对骨髓造血有促进作用的血清IL-6、EPO水平；对免疫系统有兴奋作用，显著增加大、小鼠气血双虚模型胸腺皮质厚度、皮质淋巴细胞数，小节大小、脾淋巴细胞数，提高血清IL-2、IL-6水平；对能量代谢有促进作用，显著提高红细胞Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca++-ATP酶、Mg++-ATP酶和 Ca++-Mg++-ATP酶活力。刺激造血、提高血象揭示了发酵饮料的补血作用，兴奋免疫、促进能量代谢则提示了发酵饮料的补气之功。并且该发酵饮料口味酸甜，无中药味和苦涩味，可接受度高。在实验过程中未发现大鼠有任何不良反应，因此，该发酵饮料值得在市场上进行推广。
附图说明
图1本发明饮料的生产流程图。
图2发酵饮料对气血双虚模型大鼠血清IL-2、IL-6、EPO水平的影响。a表示与阴性对照组比P<0.05，aa表示与阴性对照组比P<0.01；b表示与水提物组相比P<0.05，bb表示与水提物组比P<0.01。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例进一步阐述本发明。下述实施例中所涉及的方法，如无特别说明均为常规方法。
一种具有补血补气功效的中药发酵饮料，有效成分由红枣、桂圆、玫瑰、枸杞水提物、金银花水提物，由醋酸菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵后获得。
该发酵饮料的发酵制备方法如下：
⑴发酵种子液配方(以1L发酵液计)为：乳酸菌(可以是乳杆菌、乳酸链球菌、双歧杆菌)1×103-1×1013 CFU，酵母菌1×103-1×1013 CFU，醋酸菌1 ×103-1×1013 CFU
⑵水提物制备方法(以1L发酵液计)：红枣：1-100g、桂圆：1-100g、干枸杞：1-100g、玫瑰：1-100g、金银花：1-100g加500mL纯净水70-100℃浸提 10-120min，40目筛过滤，滤出渣再用纯净水70-100℃浸提10-120min，40目筛过滤，将两次滤液合并在一起。
⑶糖液制备方法(以1L发酵液计)：白砂糖：10-100g，蜂蜜：10-100g加 300mL纯净水溶化过滤至澄清。
⑷将水提物加糖液混合配平至1L，121℃，20min灭菌，待液体降温至室温，接入发酵种子液。20-40℃发酵，发酵周期3-15d。
⑸将发酵液在无菌条件下离心：2000-10000rpm离心5-20min，将上层澄清液体进行0.2μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌，灌装。
在本发明中所使用的菌种为：
试验例
动物实验
1.实验动物：SD大鼠，170～190g，雌性
2.实验分组及治疗
取体重170～190g大鼠60只，随机均匀分为6组，每组10只。分别为空白对照组、阴性对照组、水提物组、高剂量组、中等剂量组、低剂量组，适应性饲养5d后，除空白组外，开始造气血双虚模型。造模型5组分别于实验第1、3、 5、7、9天，每鼠尾部放血1mL/180g，于第2天腹腔注射环磷酰胺生理盐水液 40mg/kg，于第4、6、8、10、12天各腹腔注射环磷酰胺20mg/kg，造气血双虚模型，空白对照组，不放血仅腹腔注射同体积生理盐水。
大鼠造模同时开始进行治疗，每天给药1次，连续治疗14天。治疗方法如表1。
表1大鼠分组及治疗
3实验指标
根据气虚血虚的现代发明情况，血虚主要与造血和免疫功能等密切相关。所以选取血象，与免疫造血密切相关的血清白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-6(IL-6)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)水平，反应细胞能量代谢情况的红细胞ATP酶，胸腺、脾脏组织形态等为实验指标。
3.1大鼠气血双虚模型血象测定
分别于治疗的第5、9天，大鼠尾部取血测血RBC(红细胞)、WBC(白细胞)、Hb(血红蛋白)、PLT(血小板计数)值(所用垫料、器具均经消毒处理)。第14天给药后2h，大鼠皮毛用酒精消毒后，在无菌柜中操作，尾部取血，测血中RBC、WBC、Hb、PLT值。
3.2大鼠气血双虚模型血清细胞因子测定
采用试剂盒法对IL-2，IL-6和EPO进行测定
3.3大鼠气血双虚模型红细胞ATP酶测定
洗涤红细胞：取肝素抗凝全血1mL，加4倍生理盐水，经消毒混匀，1000～ 1500r/min，离心，5～10min弃上清液沉淀的红细胞，按此方法反复洗涤3次，留沉淀的红细胞。
制备溶血液：在上述沉淀的红细胞中加入双蒸水至1.5mL，将试管放在旋涡混匀器上混匀30sec，放置15min。
取样200μL，使用ATP酶试剂盒进行ATP酶检测。
3.4胸腺、脾脏组织形态观察
取血后立即处死大鼠，解剖，迅速取胸腺、脾脏，置10％福尔马林中做普通切片。福尔马林固定样品，经石蜡包埋切片，HE染色后，显微镜观察组织结构等变化。
4实验结果
4.1大鼠气血双虚模型血象测定
血象主要指血液中的细胞成份，即白细胞、红细胞和血小板以及和这三种细胞有关的各项参数，这些指标能反映机体的造血状态。以上指标的检测简单易行，最为直观，可较好说明机体血液情况，为最基本的首选指标。
表6大鼠气血双虚模型第5天血象情况(x±s)
a表示与阴性对照组比P<0.05，aa表示与阴性对照组比P<0.01；b表示与水提物组相比P<0.05，bb表示与水提物组比P<0.01
从上表可看出，与空白对照组比，阴性对照组在造模型的第5天大鼠血RBC、 WBC、Hb、PLT值均显著降低(P<0.01)。与阴性对照组相比，高剂量组可使血 RBC、WBC、Hb在造模第5天显著升高(P<0.01)，使血PLT明显升高(P<0.05)；中等剂量组可使第5天血RBC、Hb、PLT显著升高(P<0.01)，血WBC明显升高(P<0.05)；低剂量组可使第5天血RBC、Hb值显著升高(P<0.01)，使PLT值明显升高(P<0.05)。与水提物组相比，高剂量组可显提高血WBC和PLT水平(P<0.01)，说明饮料发酵后，对血象的改善作用增强。以上表也可看出，以高等剂量组对模型第5天血象的恢复作用为最好。
表7大鼠气血双虚模型第9天血象情况(x±s)
a表示与阴性对照组比P<0.05，aa表示与阴性对照组比P<0.01；b表示与水提物组相比P<0.05，bb表示与水提物组比P<0.01
从上表可看出，与空白对照组比，在造模型的第9天大鼠血RBC、WBC、 Hb、PLT值均显著降低(P<0.01)，第9天模型组比第5天模型更为严重。高、中、低剂量组均可使血RBC、WBC、Hb、PLT在造模第9天显著升高(P<0.01)。水提物组可使第9天血Hb明显升高(P<0.05)。与水提物组相比，高剂量组可显提高血WBC和PLT水平(P<0.01)，说明饮料发酵后，对血象的改善作用增强。从上表也可看出，高剂量组对模型血象的改善作用为最好。
表8大鼠气血双虚模型第14天血象情况(x±s)
a表示与阴性对照组比P<0.05，aa表示与阴性对照组比P<0.01；b表示与水提物组相比P<0.05，bb表示与水提物组比P<0.01
从上表可看出，与空白对照组比，阴性对照组血RBC、WBC、Hb、PLT水平均显著降低(P<0.01)，说明造血虚模型复制成功。与阴性对照组比，高、中、低剂量组均可显著提高血RBC、Hb、PLT水平(P<0.01)，高剂量组可显提高血 WBC水平(P<0.01)，中、低剂量组可明显提高血WBC水平(P<0.01)。水提物组可使血Hb明显升高(P<0.05)。与水提物组相比，高剂量组可显提高血WBC 和PLT水平(P<0.01)，说明饮料发酵后，对血象的改善作用增强。从上表看出，以高剂量对放血与环磷酰胺并用致大鼠气血双虚模型血象的提高作用为最强。
4.2对大鼠气血双虚模型血清IL-2、IL-6和EPO水平的影响
血虚常使免疫功能降低，尤其是再生障碍性贫血，常伴有淋巴组织萎缩，细胞免疫缺陷，体液免疫功能降低，缺铁性贫血也常有免疫异常。血虚者常加免疫功能指标。
IL-2是一种白介素，是免疫系统中的一类细胞生长因子，能调控免疫系统中白血球的细胞活性，为调控免疫应答的重要因子，也参与抗体反应、造血和肿瘤监视。IL-6中文名为白介素-6，活化的T细胞和成纤维细胞产生的淋巴因子，能使B细胞前体成为产生抗体的细胞；和集落刺激因子协同，能促进原始骨髓源细胞的生长和分化，增强自然杀伤细胞的裂解功能。EPO是促红细胞生成素 (Erythropoietin)的英文简称。人体中的促红细胞生成素是由肾皮质肾小管周围间质细胞和肝脏分泌的一种激素样物质，能够促进红细胞生成。服用促红细胞生成素可以使患肾病贫血的病人增加血流比溶度(即增加血液中红细胞百分比)。当人体处于气虚血虚状态时，上述指标均会低于正常值。
从图2可看出，与空白对照组比，阴性对照组血清1L-2和IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.05)，血清EPO水平显著降低(P<0.01)，说明造气血双虚模型成功。与阴性对照组相比，高剂量组可明显提高1L-2水平(P<0.05)，中剂量组可显著提高1L-2水平(P<0.01)；中、低剂量组均可明显提高血IL-6水平(P<0.05)。高、中、低剂量组均可显著提高EPO水平(P<0.01)。水提物组可提高血清IL-2和 IL-6水平，但效果均小于高、中、低剂量组。
4.3发酵饮料对大鼠气血双虚模型红细胞ATP酶活力的影响
表9发酵饮料对气血双虚模型大鼠红细胞ATP酶活力的影响
a表示与阴性对照组比P<0.05，aa表示与阴性对照组比P<0.01；b表示与水提物组相比P<0.05，bb表示与水提物组比P<0.01
从上表可看出，与空白对照组比，阴性对照组血清Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca++-ATP 酶、Mg++-ATP酶、Ca++-Mg++-ATP酶活性均显著性降低，说明造模型成功(细胞能量代谢降低)。与阴性对照组比，高剂量组可显著提高红细胞Na+-K+-ATP 酶、Mg++-ATP、Ca++-ATP酶及Ca++-Mg++-ATP酶活力(P<0.01)；中剂量组可显著提高红细胞Na+-K+-ATP酶、Mg++-ATP酶、Ca++-Mg++-ATP酶活力(P<0.01)，可明显提高Ca++-ATP酶活力(P<0.05)；低剂量组可明显提高血Na+-K+-ATP酶、 Mg++-ATP酶、Ca++-Mg++ATP酶活力(P<0.05)；水提物组可明显提高血Mg++-ATP 酶(P<0.05)。与水提物组比，高剂量组明显优于水提物组，可显著提高Na+-k+-ATP 酶和Mg++-ATP酶活性。中等剂量组可明显提高Na+-k+-ATP酶和Mg++-ATP酶活性。红细胞Na+-k+-ATP酶、Ca++-ATP酶、Mg++-ATP酶和Ca++-Mg++-ATP酶活力可反应大鼠能量代谢的强弱，从上表可看出，高剂量组对放血与环磷酰胺并用致大鼠气血双虚模型机体能量代谢的改善作用最强。发酵饮料组均优于水提物组。
Claims (3)
1.一种具有补血补气功效的中药发酵饮料，其特征在于：组成如下：
经醋酸菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵后获得。
2.权利要求1所述的具有补血补气功效的中药发酵饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：以1L发酵液计
⑴发酵种子液配方为：乳酸菌1×103-1×1013CFU，酵母菌1×103-1×1013CFU，醋酸菌1×103-1×1013CFU；
⑵水提物制备方法：红枣：1-100g、桂圆：1-100g、干枸杞：1-100g、玫瑰：1-100g、金银花：1-100g加500mL纯净水70-100℃浸提10-120min，40目筛过滤，滤出渣再用纯净水70-100℃浸提10-120min，40目筛过滤，将两次滤液合并在一起；
⑶糖液制备方法：白砂糖：10-100g，蜂蜜：10-100g加300mL纯净水溶化过滤至澄清；
⑷将水提物加糖液混合配平至1L，121℃，20min灭菌，待液体降温至室温，接入发酵种子液，20-40℃发酵，发酵周期3-15d；
⑸将发酵液在无菌条件下离心：2000-10000rpm离心5-20min，将上层澄清液体进行0.2μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌，灌装。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具有补血补气功效的中药发酵饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述乳酸菌包括乳杆菌、乳酸链球菌、双歧杆菌中的至少一种。
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